Activity 1

OBJECTIVE: To verify that the relation R in the set L of all lines in a plane, defined by
R={ ( l ,m ) :lis perpendicular¿m } is symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive.

MATERIAL REQUIRED:
A piece of plywood, some pieces of wires (8), nails, white paper, glue etc .

Procedure:

Take a piece of plywood and paste a white paper on it. Fix the wires randomly on the plywood with
the help of nails such that some of them are parallel, some are perpendicular to each other and
some are inclined as shown in Figure.

DEMONSTRATION:
Observations:

Conclusion:
From the above activity, it is verified that the relation ‘is perpendicular to’ on the set R of all straight
lines in a plane is symmetric but neither reflexive nor symmetric.
 Activity 2
OBJECTIVE: To verify that the relation R in the set L of all lines in a plane, defined by
R={(l, m):l ∥m} is an equivalence relation.
MATERIAL REQUIRED:
A piece of plywood, some pieces of wires (8), nails, white paper, glue etc .

Procedure:
Take a piece of plywood and paste a white paper on it. Fix the wires randomly on the plywood with
the help of nails such that some of them are parallel, some are perpendicular to each other and
some are inclined as shown in Figure.

DEMONSTRATION:
Observations:

Conclusion:
From the above activity, it is verified that the relation ‘is parallel to’ on the set R of all straight lines
in a plane is an equivalence relation.
 Activity 3
OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate a function which is not one-one but is onto.
MATERIAL REQUIRED: Cardboard, nails, strings, adhesive and plastic strips.

Procedure:

DEMONSTRATION:

Observations:

Conclusion: In the above activity, we have demonstrated a function which is not one-one but onto.
 Activity 4
OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate a function which is one-one but not onto.
MATERIAL REQUIRED: Cardboard, nails, strings, adhesive and plastic strips.

Procedure:

DEMONSTRATION:

Observations:
Conclusion: In the above activity, we have demonstrated a function which is one-one but onto.
 Activity 5
Objective : To draw the graph of sin−1 x using the graph of sin x and demonstrate the concept of
mirror reflection (about the line y=x ).

MATERIAL REQUIRED: Cardboard, white chart paper, ruler, coloured pens, adhesive, pencil, eraser,
cutter, nails and thin wires.

Procedure:
DEMONSTRATION:

Conclusion: The mirror image of the graph of sinx about the line y=x is the graph of sin−1 x , and
the mirror image of the graph of sin−1 x about the line y=x is the graph of sinx .

Activity 6
Objective : To find analytically the limit of a function f ( x ) at x=c and also to check the continuity
of the function at that point.

MATERIAL REQUIRED: Paper, pencil, calculator.

Procedure:

DEMONSTRATION:
Conclusion: From the above activity, we found the limit of a function f ( x ) at x=c analytically
and check whether the function is continuous or not.
 Activity 7
Objective : To understand the concepts of local maxima, local minima and point of inflection.
MATERIAL REQUIRED: A piece of plywood, wires, adhesive, white paper.

Procedure:

DEMONSTRATION:
Conclusion:
In the above activity, the concepts of local maxima, local minima and point of inflection have been
demonstrated.
 Activity 8
Objective : To construct an open box of maximum volume from a given rectangular sheet by cutting
equal squares from each corner.

MATERIAL REQUIRED: Chart papers, scissors, cellotape, calculator.

Procedure:
Conclusion: From the above activity we learn that an open box of maximum volume can be
formed from a given rectangular sheet by cutting equal squares from each corner.
 Activity 9
2
Objective : To evaluate the definite integral ∫ √ 4−x 2 dx and verify it by actual integration.
0
 Activity 10
Objective: Application of first order and first degree ordinary differential
equation in circuit analysis (L-R/C-R/L-C-R) using Kirchhoff’s law .
Material required: Pencil, sketch pens to draw circuit.

Required Laws in circuit analysis:

The formation of differential equation for an electric circuit depends upon the following laws:

dq
(i) i=
dt
(ii) Voltage drop across resistance (R)=Ri
di
(iii) Voltage drop across inductance (L)=L
dt
q
(iv) Voltage drop across capacitance (C)=
c
Kirchhoff’s Voltage law: The algebraic sum of the voltage drop around any closed circuit is equal to
resultant emf in the circuit.

Method: L-R circuit analysis:

Here the switch s is closed at time t=0 .The current i(t) is to be find out through the voltage across
the resister and inductor.

di(t )
From Kirchhoff’s voltage law: L + Ri ( t )=V
dt

Which is first order linear differential equation.

For particular solution: Since the inductor behaves as an open circuit i.e., at t=0 , i=0

………………..(2)

Observation: The voltage across the resistor and inductor are given as

−R
t
V R (t )=V (1−e L
) ………….(3)

…………….(4)

from (3) and (4)

Conclusion: By using first order ordinary differential equation in L-R circuit, we can find the
current(i) and voltage (v) in the circuit when inductance (L) or capacitance(C) and resistance (R) are
given.

Activity 11
Objective : To verify geometrically that c⃗ × ( ⃗a + ⃗b ) =⃗c × ⃗a + ⃗c × ⃗b

MATERIAL REQUIRED: Geometry box, cardboard, white paper, cutter, sketch pen, cellotape.

Procedure:
Conclusion:
From the above activity it is verified that for any three vectors a⃗ , b⃗ , c⃗ we have
c⃗ × ( ⃗a + ⃗b ) =⃗c × ⃗a + ⃗c × ⃗b.

Activity 12
Objective : To explain the computation of conditional probability of a given event A, when B has
already occurred, where A is the event a number 4 appears on both dice and B is the event 4 has
already appeared on one of the dice.

MATERIAL REQUIRED: A piece of plywood, white paper pen/pencil, scale, a pair of dice.

Procedure:
DEMONSTRATION:

1. Fig. gives all possible outcomes of the given experiment. Hence, it represents the sample space of
the experiment.

2. Since we have to find the conditional probability of an event A if an event B has already occurred,
where A is the event “a number 4 appears on both the dice” and B is the event "4 has appeared on
at least one of the dice”i.e, we have to find P(A | B).

OBSERVATION:
CONCLUSION:

The above activity explains how to compute the conditional probability of an event, when another
event has already occurred.