Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 17 views

    CHEMISTRY 002 JUPEB QUESTIONS

    Uploaded by

    oluwaseunajala404

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    CHEMISTRY 002 JUPEB QUESTIONS

    Uploaded by

    oluwaseunajala404
    17 views3 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    17 views3 pages

    CHEMISTRY 002 JUPEB QUESTIONS

    Uploaded by

    oluwaseunajala404

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    CHEMISTRY 002

    Question 1:
    Using the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, derive the expression for
    the distribution of kinetic energy in an ideal gas. How does the
    distribution of energy change with temperature and molecular mass?
    Discuss the physical significance of the temperature dependence in
    the energy distribution and its connection to specific heat capacities.

    Question2:
    Derive the expressions for the lowering of vapor pressure, elevation
    of boiling point, depression of freezing point, and osmotic pressure
    for dilute solutions. Explain how these colligative properties depend
    on the molarity of the solute and the nature of the solvent. How can
    these properties be used to determine the molar mass of a non-
    volatile solute?

    Question 3:
    A solution is prepared by dissolving 3.50 g of an unknown non-
    volatile, non-electrolyte solute in 50.0 g of benzene. The observed
    freezing point of the solution is 4.80°C, while the freezing point of
    pure benzene is 5.50°C. The freezing point depression constant for
    benzene is 5.12°C·kg/mol. Calculate the molar mass of the solute,
    and determine the deviation from Raoult's Law for this solution.

    Question 4:
    A solution is formed by mixing two non-volatile liquids, A and B, with
    mole fractions and . The vapor pressures of pure A and pure B are
    40.0 mmHg and 80.0 mmHg, respectively. If the activity coefficients
    of A and B in the solution are and , respectively, calculate the total
    vapor pressure of the solution. Additionally, discuss the implications
    of the non-ideal behavior in terms of positive or negative deviation
    from Raoult's Law.

    Question 5:
    A 1.00 M solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) at 25°C shows an
    osmotic pressure of 24.5 atm. Calculate the expected osmotic
    pressure for the same concentration of NaCl in a solution that is
    ideal, and explain the deviation observed due to ion pairing or non-
    ideal behavior.

    Question 6:
    Consider a system undergoing a reversible process at constant
    temperature (T = 300 K) and constant pressure (P = 1 atm). The
    system consists of an ideal gas with a heat capacity ratio (γ) of 1.4.
    Calculate the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) for the process,
    given that the change in entropy (ΔS) is 50 J/K and the change in
    volume (ΔV) is 0.1 m³.

    Question 7:

    Consider a high-temperature fuel cell operating on the reaction:

    H2(g) + 1/2O2(g) → H2O(l)

    The cell is designed to operate at 1200 K and 10 atm. The fuel cell
    uses a solid oxide electrolyte with a thermal conductivity of 2.5 W/
    m·K. The cell's dimensions are 10 cm x 10 cm x 1 cm.

    Calculate the maximum electrical work (Wₑₗ) that can be obtained


    from the fuel cell, taking into account the heat transfer through the
    electrolyte and the temperature dependence of the reaction's
    thermodynamic properties.

    Given data:

    - Standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) for the reaction at 1200
    K: -180.5 kJ/mol
    - Heat capacity (Cp) for H2(g) at 1200 K: 31.5 J/mol·K
    - Heat capacity (Cp) for O2(g) at 1200 K: 34.5 J/mol·K
    - Heat capacity (Cp) for H2O(l) at 1200 K: 75.5 J/mol·K
    - Thermal conductivity (k) of the electrolyte: 2.5 W/m·K
    - Cell dimensions: 10 cm x 10 cm x 1 cm

    Question 8:
    Consider a chemical reactor operating on the reaction:

    CH₄(g) + 2H₂O(g) CO₂(g) + 4H₂(g)

    The reactor is designed to operate at 1000 K and 50 atm. The


    reaction mixture is a non-ideal gas, and the thermodynamic
    properties of the mixture are described by the Peng-Robinson
    equation of state.

    Calculate the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) for the reaction,
    taking into account the non-ideal behavior of the gas mixture and the
    temperature and pressure dependence of the reaction's
    thermodynamic properties.

    Given data:

    Standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) for the reaction at 1000 K:
    -173.4 kJ/mol
    Heat capacities (Cp) for each gas at 1000 K: CH₄ = 55.5 J/mol·K, H₂O
    = 45.5 J/mol·K, CO₂ = 58.3 J/mol·K, H₂ = 29.1 J/mol·K
    Peng-Robinson equation of state parameters for each gas: a, b, and
    α values for CH₄, H₂O, CO₂, and H₂
    Reaction quotient (Q) at 1000 K and 50 atm: 0.85

    You might also like