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M.G.
KASHI VIDYAPITH, VARANASI

M.Sc. (PHYSICS)
Examination and Syllabus Scheme
(Credit and Grading System)
Course Code Course Title T/P

Credits Evaluation(MM=100)
Internal External
Programme: BACHELOR (RESEARCH IN PHYSICS)
First Semester
PHY-101 Core Mathematical Physics T 4 25 75

PHY-102 Core Classical Mechanics T 4 25 75
PHY-103 Core Electromagnetic Theory T 4 25 75
PHY-104 Core Quantum Mechanics T 4 25 75
PHY-105 Practical Related to Theory Papers P 4 25 75
Research Project/Dissertation 4
Second Semester
PHY-201 Core Advanced Quantum T 4 25 75

Mechanics
PHY-202 Core Condensed Matter Physics T 4 25 75
PHY-203 Core Atomic and Molecular T 4 25 75
Physics
PHY-204 Core Electrodynamics and Plasma T 4 25 75
Physics
PHY-205 Elective Minor Elective Paper from T 4 25 75
other faculty
Programme: MASTER IN PHYSICS
Third Semester
PHY-301 Core Lasers and Opto-electronics T 4 25 75

PHY-302 Core Nuclear Physics T 4 25 75
PHY- Special Electronics-I T 4 25 75
303(S1)
PHY- Special Electronics-II T 4 25 75
304(S1)
PHY- Special Biophysics-I: Cells and T 4 25 75
303(S2) Genetic Information
PHY- Special Biophysics-II: T 4 25 75
304(S2) Macromolecules
PHY- Special Solid State Physics-I: T 4 25 75
303(S3) Crystallography and
Imperfection In Crystals
PHY- Special Solid State Physics-II: T 4 25 75
304(S3) Characterization of Solids
Fourth Semester
PHY-401 Core Statistical Mechanics T 4 25 75

PHY-402 Core High Energy Physics T 4 25 75
PHY- Special Advanced Electronics-I T 4 25 75
403(S1)
PHY- Special Advanced Electronics-II T 4 25 75
404(S1)
PHY- Special Biophysics-III: Methods and T 4 25 75
403(S2) Techniques to Study
Biological Systems
PHY- Special Biophysics-IV: Theoretical T 4 25 75
404(S2) Modelling of Biological
Systems
PHY- Special Solid State Physics-III: T 4 25 75
403(S3) Special Solids, Surfaces &
Properties
PHY- Special Solid State Physics-IV: T 4 25 75

404(S3) Many Particle Systems
M.Sc. (Physics) First Semesters
PHY-101
Mathematical Physics
Credit-04
Unit-I Matrix Analysis
Definition of matrix, conjugate of a matrix, algebraic operation on matrices, rank of matrices,

types of matrices, Hermitian and anti-Hermitian matrices, determinant of a square-matrix,
inverse of a matrix, solution of linear equation, transformation matrices, diagonalization of
matrix.
Unit-II Complex Variables
Definition of complex number, analyticity of complex function, Cauchy-Riemann condition,

Cauchy’s Integral theorem and formula, Zeroes, poles and singular points. Residue Theorem,
Contour Integration.
Unit-III Tensors
Tensors, definition of a tensor in three dimensions and four dimensional space, rank of tensor
addition, multiplication, contraction of tensors, Covariant and contra variant tensors. Pseudo
tensors. Symmetry and anti-symmetric properties of tensor,.
Unit-IV Fourier Transformation & Polynomials
Fourier Transformation: Definition, Fourier series, FS for arbitrary period, Fourier Sine
and Cosine transform, Application of Fourier-Transform.
Polynomials: Bessel and Legendre functions and polynomials, Rodrigue’s formula for
Legendre polynomial Orthonormality and other properties of Legendre, Associated Legendre,
Hermit, Laguerre and Associated Laguerre polynomial.
Text and Reference Books:
1. Mathematical methods for Physicist: G. Artken

2. Mathematical Physics: Harper
3. Advanced Engineering Mathematics: Kreyazig
4. Elements of Complex variable: Churchill
5. Mathematical methods for Physicist and Engineers: K F Reilly, M P Hobsen
M.Sc. (Physics) First Semesters
PHY-102
Classical Mechanics
Credit-04
Unit – I
Mechanics of a system of particles, Generalized Co-ordinates, D Alembert’s principle. The

Lagrangian formulation and equations of motion (with full derivation). The Hamiltonian
formulation and equations of motion (with full derivation).
Unit – II
Calculus of variations and its application–Hamilton’s principle. The modified

Hamilton’s principle and principle of least action, the rigid body motion–Euler angles,
Motion of symmetrical top.
Unit – III
Canonical transformations, Poisson brackets, Equations of motion and infinitesimal canonical

transformations in the Poisson bracket formulation, Liouville’s theorem.
Unit – IV
Hamilton – Jacobi equations, Action angle variables, the connection between Hamilton-
Jacobi theory and geometrical optics, Theory of small oscillations – Free vibrations of linear
tri- atomic molecule.
1. Classical Mechanics: N C Rana & P S Joag, TMH 1991

2. Classical Mechanics: H Goldstein, Addison Wasley, 1980
3. Mechanics: A Sommerfield, Academic Press, 1952
4. Introduction to Dynamics: I Perceival & D Richards, Cambridge Univ Press, 1982
M.Sc. (Physics) First Semester
PHY-103
Electromagnetic Theory
Credit-04
Unit – I
Maxwell’s Equations in vacuum and matter, Maxwell’s correction to Ampere’s law for
non-steady currents and concept of Displacement current, Boundary conditions, Poynting’s
theorem, Conservation of Energy and momentum for a system of charged particles and
electromagnetic field.
Unit – II
Vector and scalar potentials, Maxwell’s Equations in terms of Electromagnetic Potentials,

Electromagnetic wave equation, Non-uniqueness of Electromagnetic Potentials and Concept of
Gauge. Gauge Transformations: Coulomb and Lorentz Gauge; Green’s Function for the Wave
Equation, Transformation Properties of Electromagnetic Fields and Sources under Rotation,
Spatial Reflection and Time-Reversal.
Unit – III
Propagation of Electromagnetic Plane Waves in Vacuum, Non-conducting Medium,

Conducting Medium and Plasma; Reflection, Refraction and Polarization of Electromagnetic
Waves, Stokes Parameters; Frequency Dispersion Characteristics of Dielectrics and
Conductors; Normal and Anomalous Dispersion, Spreading of Pulse in Dispersive Media,
Kramer-Kronig Relations.
Unit – IV
Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Rectangular Waveguides, TE and TM Modes, Cut

off frequency, Energy Flow and Attenuation. Modal Analysis of guided modes in a
cylindrical waveguide. Field and Radiation due to an Oscillating Electric Dipole. Magnetic
dipole and electric quadrupole fields.
1. Electromagnetic Theory by Julius Adams Stratt

2. Electromagnetic Theory: A Critical Examination of Fundamentals (formerly titled:
Electromagnetics) (1938) by Alfred O'Rahilly
3. Electromagnetic Field Theory by V.A.Bakshi, A.V.Bakshi
M.Sc. (Physics) First Semester
PHY-104
Quantum Mechanics
Credit-04
Unit-I Fundamentals
Uncertainty principle and applications, Schrödinger wave equation, normalization,

probability current density, expectation values, Ehrenfest theorem, energy eigen function and
eigen values, hermitian operators and their properties, Orthonormality, free particle solution.
One dimensional step potential (finite and infinite) particle in one dimensional square
potential well (finite and infinite), linear harmonic oscillator, zero point energy, rectangular
potential barrier.
Unit-II Three Dimensional System
Particle in three dimensional box, Dirac delta functions, orbital angular momentum,
commutation relations, central force problems, solution of Schrödinger equation for spherical
symmetric potentials, Hydrogen atom- reduced mass, wave function, energy levels,
degeneracy, Energy Eigen function and Eigen values of three dimensional harmonic
oscillator, and rigid rotator.
Unit-III Matrix Theory
Matrix, formulation of quantum theory, linear vector space, vector and operators and their
matrix representation, bra and ket notations, projection operator, unitary transformation,
matrix theory of linear harmonic oscillator, raising and lowering operators eigen values and
eigen functions of L2 and Lx, spin, Pauli spin matrices, and their algebra, matrices for J2 and
Jx, addition of two angular momenta, (elementary discussion).
Unit-IV Approximation Methods
Time independent perturbation theory for non degenerate case, formulation upto second
order, perturbation of linear harmonic oscillator- (i) estimation of correction up to second
order for perturbation term depending on x and x2 (ii) first order correction to energy by x3
and x4 type terms, Ground state of Helium atom, Stark effect of a plane rigid rotator.
1. Quantum Mechanics: L I Schiff, TMH

2. Quantum Mechanics: S gasioriwiez, Wiley
3. Quantum Mechanics: J D Powell, Addision Wiley
4. Quantum Mechanics: Mathews and Ventesan
5. Modern Quantum Mechanics: J J sakurai
M.Sc. (Physics) Second Semester
PHY-201
Advanced Quantum Mechanics
Credit-04
Unit-I
Variational method, Wentzel Kramer Brillouin (WKB) approximation, Time-dependent

perturbation theory, Harmonic perturbation, Fermi’s golden rule, Adiabatic and sudden
approximation.
Unit-II
Collision in 3-D and scattering, Laboratory and CM reference frames, scattering amplitude,
differential scattering cross section and total scattering cross section, scattering by spherically
symmetric potentials, partial waves and Phase shifts, scattering by perfectly rigid sphere and
by square well potential and absorption. Born approximation for scattering. Scattering by
coulomb potential.
Unit-III
Identical particles, symmetric and antisymmetric wave functions, Collision of identical

particles, Spin angular momentum, Spin function for a many electron system.
Unit-IV
Semi classical theory of radiation, Quantum Theory of radiation, Relativistic theory, The
Klein-garden equation, The Dirac equation, covariance of Dirac equation, energy level of
hydrogen atoms, hole theory and positrons.
1. L I Schiff, Quantum Mechanics (Mc Graw Hill)

2. S Gasiorowiez, Quantum Physics (Wiley)
3. B Craseman and J D Powell, Quantum Mechanics (Addison Western)
4. A P messiah, Quantum Mechanics
5. J J Sakurai, Modern Quantum Mechanics
6. Mathews and Venktesan, Quantum Mechanics
PHY-202
CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
Credit-04
Unit-I Crystal Physics
Crystalline solids, unit cell and direct lattice, Miller indices of planes and axes, two and three
dimensional Bravais lattices, closed packed structures, Braggs law, experimental diffraction
techniques, construction of reciprocal lattice, reciprocal lattice vector, Brillouin zone and
atomic factor.
Unit-II Point Defect and Imperfection
Point defect, line defect and planer stacking fault, the role of dislocation in plastic
deformation and crystal growth, the observation of imperfection in crystal, X-ray and electron
microscopic techniques.
Unit-III Electronic Energy Bands
Electrons in periodic lattice, Bloch theorem, Band theory, classification of solids, effective
mass, tight binding, cellular and pseudo potential method.
Unit-IV Superconductivity
Superconductivity: Critical temperature, persistent current, Meissner effect, type I and type II
superconductors, heat capacity, energy gap, isotopic effect, London’s equation, coherent
length.
1. Verma and Shrivastava: Crystallography for Solid State physics

2. Aschroff and Mermin: Solid State physics
3. Kittel: Solid State physics
4. Chaikin and Lubensky: Principles of Condensed Matter Physics
5. Dekker: Solid State physics
PHY-203
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
Credit-04
Unit-I Atomic Physics
Quantum states of one-electron atoms, atomic orbital, hydrogen spectrum, Pauli’s principle,
spectra of alkali elements, spin orbit interaction and fine structure in alkali spectra-
equivalent, non-equivalent electrons.
Unit-II Atomic Spectra
Normal and anomalous Zeeman effect, Paschen Back effect, stark effect, two electron
system, interaction energy in LS and JJ coupling, hyperfine structure (qualitative).
Unit-III Diatomic-Molecular Spectra
Rotational spectra of diatomic molecules as a rigid rotator, Energy levels and spectra of non-
rigid rotator, Intensity of spectral lines.
Unit-IV Energy of Molecules
Vibrational energy of diatomic molecules, diatomic molecules as a simple harmonic

oscillator, Energy level and spectrum, Mores potential energy curve, Molecules as vibrating
rotator, vibrational spectrum of diatomic molecules, PQR branches.
1. Introduction to atomic spectra, H E White (T)

2. Fundamental of molecular spectroscopy, C W Banwell (T)
3. Spectroscopy Vol I II III, Walker and Straughen
4. Introduction to molecular spectroscopy, G M Barrow
5. Spectra of diatomic molecules, Herzberg
PHY-204
Electrodynamics and Plasma Physics
Credit-04
Unit-I Retarded Potentials
Retarded potential and Lienard-Wiechert potential, electric and magnetic fields due to a
uniformly moving charge and an accelerated charge, Linear and circular acceleration and
angular distribution of power radiated Bremsstrahlung, synchrotron radiation and cherenkov
radiation, reaction force of radiation.
Unit-II Motion of Charged Particles
Motion of charged particles in electromagnetic field: Uniform E and B fields, non- uniform
magnetic fields, diffusion across magnetic field, time varying E and B fields, adiabatic
invariants: first, second and third adiabatic invariants.
Unit-III Basics of Plasma
Elementary concepts: Derivation of moment equations from Boltzmann equation, plasma

oscillations, Debye shielding, plasma parameters, magnetoplasma, plasma confinement,
hydro dynamical description of plasma, fundamental equations, hydromagnetic waves,
magnetosonic and Alfven waves.
Unit-IV Wave Propagation
Wave phenomena in magnetoplasma: Polarization, phase velocity, group velocity, cutoffs,

resonance for electromagnetic wave propagating parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic
field, Appleton-Hartree formula.
1. Panofsky & Phillips: Classical electricity and magnetism

2. Bittencourt: Plasma Physics
3. Chen: Plasma Physics
4. Jackson: Classical electrodynamics
M.Sc. (Physics) Third Semester
PHY-301
Lasers and Opto-Electronics
Credit-04
Unit-I
Laser theory, Einstein Coefficients, Light Amplification, threshold condition, Laser Rate
Equations-two, three and four level systems.
Unit-II
Laser power around threshold, optimum output coupling, Line Broadening Mechanisms –
Natural, Collision and Doppler, Optical Resonators – Modes of a rectangular cavity and open
planar resonator, Modes of a Confocal resonator system, General Spherical resonator, Higher
order modes.
Unit-III
Essential criterion to observe non linear optical effects. First experimental

demonstration of non-linear phenomena. Classical theory of non-linear response in one
dimension. Generalization to 3 dimensions.
Unit-IV
Non-linear coupling of 3 waves to produce sum and difference frequencies. Manley Rowe
relations and their significance. Sum and difference frequency generation when both input
frequencies are lasers. Parametric conversion and amplification.
1. Svelto: Lasers
2. Yariv: Optical Electronics
3. Demtroder: Laser Spectroscopy
4. Latekhov: Non linear Spectroscopy
5. Robert Boylested and Louis Nashdsky: Electronic devices and circuit theory, PHI, New
Delhi
6. Ramakanth A Gayakwad: OP amps & linear integrated circuits, PHI second addition, 1991
7. Jacob Millman: Microelectronics, Mc-Hill international book co, New Delhi, 1990
8. Alien Chappa
PHY-302
Nuclear Physics
Credit-04
Unit – I
Basic facts about nuclei, Mass and binding energy, Semi-empirical mass formula, Nuclear
size determination using mu-mesic X-rays and scattering of fast electrons, Nuclear spin and
magnetic moment of nuclei, Molecular beam resonance method, Nuclear resonance
absorption and induction method, Electric quadrupole moment
Unit – II
Alpha decay, Experimental results on alpha decay-Alpha spectra and Geiger-Nutall relation,
Theory of alpha decay. Beta-spectra, Fermi’s theory of beta decay, Sergeant’s law, Kurie
Plot, Allowed and forbidden transitions, Parity violation in beta-decay, Detection of neutrino.
Unit III
Gamma emission, Multipolarity of gamma rays, Selection rules, Theoretical prediction of

decay constants, Estimation of Transition probabilities, Internal conversion, Angular
correlation, Nuclear isomerism, Mossbauer Effect.
Unit – IV
Nuclear reactions, Conservation laws, The Q-equation and deduction of nuclear energy
levels, Compound nucleus, Bohr hypothesis, Resonance phenomena, Breit- Wigner one level
formula, Optical model, Simple discussion of direct reactions, Nuclear fission, Bohr-Wheeler
theory of nuclear fission, Controlled chain reaction, Nuclear reactors.
1. Ghosal: Atomic and Nuclear physics, vol 2

2. D Griffiths: Introduction to elementary particles, Harper and Row, New York, 1987
3. H A Enge: Introduction to nuclear physics, Addison Wesley, 1975
4. S de Benedeti: Nuclear interaction, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1955
5. M K Pal: Theory of nuclear structure affiliated East- West, Madras, 1982.
PHY-303 (S1)
Electronics-I
(Electronics Devices and Circuits)
Credit-04
Unit-I Linear Wave Shaping
High Pass and Low Pass RC Networks, Response to Sinusoidal, Step, Pulse, Square wave,
Exponential and Ramp Inputs. High pass RC circuit as a differentiator, Criterion for good
differentiation, Double Differentiation, Low Pass RC circuit as an Integrator. Laplace
Transforms and their application to circuit elements.
Unit-II Amplifiers
Difference Amplifiers, Broadband Amplifiers, Methods for achieving Broadbanding, Emitter

Follower at High Frequencies, Operational Amplifiers and its Applications, IC 741, Active
Filters.
Unit-III Power Supplies
Electronically Regulated Power Supplies, Converters and Inverters, High and Low Voltage
Supplies, Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS).
Unit-IV Integrated Circuit Fabrication Technology
Basic Monolithic Integrated Circuits, Steps involved in the Manufacture of Monolithic ICs:
Epitaxy, Masking, Etching, Diffusion, Metallization, Bonding, Assembling, Package types.
Introduction to VLSI techniques.
1. Robert Boylested and Louis Nashdsky: Electronic devices and circuit theory, PHI, New Delhi
2. Ramakanth A Gayakwad: OP amps & linear integrated circuits, PHI second addition, 1991
3. Jacob Millman: Microelectronics, Mc-Hill international book co, New Delhi, 1990
4. Alien Chappal: Optoelectronics- theory and practice, Mc-Hill international book co, New York
M.Sc. (Physics) Third Semesters
PHY-304 (S1)
Electronics-II
(Digital Electronics)
Credit-04
Unit-I Logic Hardware
Transistor as a Switch, Switching times: Definition and Derivation, Storage Time, Delay
Time, Turn On Time, Turn Off Time, Charge Control Analysis. Logic Specifications: Fan In,
Fan Out, Noise Immunity, Noise Margin, Propagation Delay, Power Dissipation. Logic
Families: DTL, DCTL, I2L, ECL, TTL, CMOSL, CML, HTL.
Unit-II Number Systems and Boolean Algebra
Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal Number Systems. Binary Arithmetic. Arithmetic Circuits.
Binary Codes: Gray, 8421, 2421, 5211. Boolean Variables and Operations, Simplification of
Boolean Expressions. Karnaugh Maps.
Unit-III Multivibrators
Astable, Monostable and Bistable Multivibrators. Schmitt Trigger. 555 Timer. SR, JK, T and
D, J Master Slave Flip flops, Race problem and Edge Trigger JK Flip flop, Preset and Clear
Functions.
Unit-IV Counters and Registers
Binary Counters:. Modulus of Counters: Asynchronous and Synchronous Counter Reset

Method, Logic Gating Method. Ring Counter. Shift Registers: SISO, PIPO, SIPO, PISO.
Universal Shift Register. Tristate Switches, Tristate Registers.
1. Barrey B Brey: The internal microprocessors 8086/8088, 80186, 80286, 80386, 80486
pentium and Pentium processors architecture, programming interfacing, IVth edn. 1999.
2. Douglas V Hall: Microprocessors and interfacing, programming and hardware, IInd edn.
Mc-Graw Hill, 1992.
3. M A Maxidi and J G Mazidi: The 80x86 IBM PC and compatible comp. (Vol. I & II),
IInd edn. Prentiee-Hall international, 1998.
M.Sc. (Physics) Third Semesters
PHY-303 (S2)
Biophysics-I
(Cells and Genetic Information)
Credits: 04
Unit-I DNA
Double helical structure of DNA, Watson-Crick model of DNA, Conformational parameters of

nucleic acids and their constituents, Nucleosides and nucleotides, primary, secondary and
tertiary structure of DNA, backbone conformation, sugar puckering, B, A and Z types of DNA,
DNA super coiling.
Unit-II RNA
Structure of RNA, different forms of RNA and their biological functions.
Unit-III Cells
Introduction to the cells, cell organelles, cell types and cell functions, structures and functions of
neurons, neurotransmitters.
Unit-IV Transfer of genetic information

Replication, transcription, reverse transcription and protein synthesis, DNA replication, RNA
transcription and protein biosynthesis, reverse transcription, mutation and regulation of genes,
genetic code.
1. P. Narayanan “Essentials of Biophysics” New Age International, 2000.

2. P. Nelson “Biological Physics; Energy, Information, Life” W.H. Freeman, 2003.
3. Meyer B Jackson “Molecular and Cellular Biophysics” Cambridge University Press,
2006.
4. P K Banerjee “Introduction to Biophysics” S Chand Publishing, 2010.
5. W. Saenger “Principles of Nucleic Acid Structure” Springer Verlag, New York 1983.
6. V. Pattabhi & N. Gauttam “Biophysics” Narosa Publishing House, 2002.
PHY-304 (S2)
Biophysics-II
(Macromolecules)
Credits: 04
Unit-I Proteins
Amino acids, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins, properties of
amino acids, protein-folding, protein conformation, torsion and dihedral angles, Ramachandran
map, structure of heamoglobin and myoglobin.
Unit-II Sugars
Sugars, structures of sugars, role of sugars in biological systems, ATP and ADP, energetics,
photosynthesis.
Unit-IV Carbohydrates and Lipids
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides, Glycoproteins, classification and structures

of lipids, Membranes, Membrane structures, Membrane fluidity and membrane proteins.
Unit-III Enzymes
Enzymes, mechanism of enzyme action, enzyme kinetics, effects of temperature and pH, Lock
and Key model, Induced-fit model, Conformations.

3. Meyer B. Jackson “Molecular and Cellular Biophysics” Cambridge University Press, 2006.
4. P. K. Banerjee “Introduction to Biophysics” S Chand Publishing, 2010.
5. W. Saenger “Principles of Nucleic Acid Structure” Springer Verlag, New York 1983.
PHY-303 (S3)
Solid State Physics -I
(Crystallography and Imperfection In Crystals)
Credits: 04
Unit-I
Miller indices, Diffraction of X-rays by crystals, Scattered wave amplitude-Fourier Analysis,

Reciprocal Lattice Vectors, Diffraction Condition , Laue Equation, Brillouin Interpritation.
Principal of powder diffractometer, Interpretation of powder-photographs. Analytical indexing:
Ito’s method. Application of powder method.
Unit-II
Interpretation of oscillation photograph, X-ray method of orienting crystals about a

crystallographic direction. Bernal chart, Indexing of reflection. Fourier representation of electron
density, the phase problem, Patterson function.
Unit-III
Mechanism of plastic deformation in solids, stress and strain fields of screw and edge
dislocations, elastic energy of dislocation, forces between dislocations, stress needed to operate
Frank-Read source. Partial dislocations and stacking faults in close-packed structures.
UNIT-IV
Basic features of Piezo, Pyro and Ferro Electric Material, order-disorder and displacive type
ferro electric materials, Occurrence of Ferro electricity due to polarization catastrophe and lattice
modes , Devonshire Theory of ferroelectric phase transition.
1. Crystallography for Solid State Physics: Verma and Srivastava

2. X-ray Crystallography: Leonid V. Azaroff.
3. Elementary Dislocation Theory: Weertman andWeertman
4. Crystal Structure Analysis: R. Buerge.
5. Electron Microscopy of Thin Crystals: Peter B. Hirsh
PHY-304 (S3)
Solid State Physics -II
(Characterization of Solids)
Credits: 04
Unit-I
Linearised Boltzmann transport Equation , Electrical Conductivity, Relaxation time, Impurity

scattering, Ideal resistance, Carrier mobility, General transport coefficient, Thermal
Conductivity, Themoelectric effects, Lattice Conduction. Phonon Drag, Hall effect and
Magnetoresistance.
Unit-II
Elementary Concepts of Scanning and Scanning Tunneling Microscopic Techniques (SEM,

STM) X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS/ESCA) for chemical analysis. RBS (Rutherford
Back Scattering) and SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy). Defect related electronic states
characterization by C-V characteristics of electronic junction devices,
Temperature stimulated current and capacitance (TSC/TSCAP), Deep Level Transient
Spectroscopy (DLTS), Electronic Beam Induced Current (EBIC) and Light Beam Induced
Current (LBIC).
Unit-III
Double Beam IR Spectrometers, Basic Concepts of Raman Spectroscopy in Solids, Sensitive

Detectors such as CCD Camera, Concept of Space Group and Point Group, Identification and
Analysis of Optic and Acoustic Modes in Solids. Electronic Absorption Study for Band Gap
Determination.
Unit-IV
General theory of magnetic resonance and Bloch equation, Electron paramagnetic resonance,
Structure of Resonance lines and their uses, Nuclear magnetic resonance: Salient theory and
method of observation, structure of resonance lines and their uses.
1. Analytical Techniques for Thin Film-Treatise on Material Science and Technology, Vol. 27:
K.N. Tu and R. Rosenberg (ed.).
2. Electron Microprobe Analysis: S.J. B. Reed.
3. Topics in Applied Physics, Vol. 4: R. Gomer (ed.).
4. Principle of Magnetic Resonance : C.P Slicher
M.Sc. (Physics) Fourth Semesters
PHY-401
Statistical Mechanics
Credit-04
Unit-I Basics of Statistical Mechanics
Foundation of statistical mechanics, specification of states of a system, contact between

statistics and thermodynamics, classical ideal gas, entropy of mixing and Gibb’s paradox,
phase space, trajectories and density of states, Liouville’s theorem.
Unit-II Ensemble Theory
Micro-canonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles, partition functions, calculation of

statistical quantities.
Unit-III Statistics
Density matrix, statistics of ensembles, statistics of indistinguishable particles, Maxwell

Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac and Bose Einstein statistics, properties of ideal Bose and Fermi
gases, Bose-Einstein condensation.
Unit-IV Ising Model
Cluster expansion for a classical gas, virial equation of state, ising model, mean field theories
of ising model in one, two and three dimensions, exact solution in one dimension.
1. F Rief: Statistical and Thermal physics

2. K Huang: Statistical mechanics
3. R K Patharia: Statistical mechanics
4. R Kubo: Statistical mechanics
5. Landau and Lifshitz: Statistical mechanics
M.Sc. (Physics) Fourth Semester
PHY-402
High Energy Physics
Credit-04
Unit-I
Nuclear two-body problem, Simple theory of deuteron, Spin dependence and noncentral
feature of nuclear forces, Partial wave analysis, Low energy n-p scattering, Scattering length
and effective range theory, Low energy p-p scattering, Charge symmetry and charge
independence of nuclear forces, Meson theory of nuclear forces.
Unit-II
Nuclear models, Evidence of shell structure, magic numbers and spin-orbit coupling, extreme
single particle model. Predictions of spin, parity and electromagnetic moments, Collective
model-Vibrational and rotational spectra.
Unit-III
Classification of elementary particles, Exact conservation laws, Approximate conservation

laws: isospin and isospin wave functions for pion-nucleon system,strangeness, parity, time
reversal and charge conjugation, CP violation.
Unit-IV
Eight fold way, Quarks, Quark-Quark interaction, SU (3) quark model, Magnetic dipole
moment of baryons, Masses of hadrons, Basic ideas about the standard model.
PHY-403 (S1)
Advanced and Digital Electronics-I
(Analog and Digital Communication)
Credit-04
Unit-I Amplitude Modulator
Amplitude Modulation, Spectrum of the modulated signal, Square law Modulator, Balanced
Modulator, DSBSC, SSB and vestigial sideband modulation. Limitations of Amplitude
Modulation. AM Receiver.
Unit-II Frequency Modulator
Analysis and frequency Spectrum, Generation and Detection of FM. Comparison of AM and
FM. Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis. Reactance Modulator. Capture Effect. Varactor
Modulator. Amplitude Limiter. FM Receiver. Foster Seely Discriminator. Ratio Detector.
Unit-III Radar & Television
Radar: Principle of radar, Elements of radar system, Peratind characteristics and maximum
range of radar set, Duplexer, Radar beacons.
Television: General principle of image transmission scanning sequence and synchronization,
Television camera tubes, elements of color television.
Unit-IV Microwave and Digital Communication
Microwave Generator: High frequency generation problems, Klystron amplifier and

oscillators, Gunn oscillator and microwave components.
Digital Communication: Sampling theorem, Pulse Modulation: Pulse Code, Pulse
Amplitude, Pulse Position Pulse Width Modulation. Differential PCM, Delta Modulation.
Digital Communication System. Digital Carrier System. Frequency Shift Keying. Phase Shift
Keying. Differential Phase Shift Keying. Division Multiplexing.
1. Wayne Tomasi: Advanced electronics communications systems, Phi. Edn.

2. Taub and Schilling: Principles of communication systems, second edition TMH, 1990
3. Simon Haykin: Communication systems, third edition, John Wiley and sons, Inc., 1994
M.Sc. (Physics) Fourth Semesters
PHY-404 (S1)
Advanced Electronics-II
(Logic Circuits, Memories, Converters, Microprocessors)
Credit-04
Unit-I Combinational Logic Circuits
Pin out Diagrams, Truth Table and Working. Decoders: 1-of-4 IC 74AS139, 1-of-16 IC
74154 BCD to Decimal Decoder IC 7445, BCD to Seven Segment Decoder Driver: IC
7447A, 7448.Encoders: Decimal Priority Encoder IC 74147 Multiplexers, Implementation of
Boolean Function using multiplexer, Demultiplexers: Demultiplexeral Decoder.
Unit-II Memories
Memory Devices: Read Only Memories, Masked Memory, ROM, Programmable ROM,
EPROM. Random Access Memory: Static and Dynamic, Bipolar Ram Cell, Static RAM cell.
Unit-III A/D and D/A Converters
Binary weighted Resistor D/A Converter, Ladder Network D/A Converter. D/A Converter
Specifications: Resolution, Accuracy, Linearity, Settling Time, Temperature Sensitivity.
Flash A/D Converter, Ramp A/D Converter, Successive Approximation A/D Converter.
Unit-IV Microprocessors and Displays
LED Displays: Common Anode Display FND 507, FND 567.Common Cathode Display
FND 500, FND 560. Flat Panel Displays (LCD, Plasmas etc.) and their addressing
techniques. Smart Windows. Intel Microprocessors: Historical Perspective. Architecture of
Microprocessor 8085: Addressing modes and Instruction Set of 8085. Programming
examples.
1. Barrey B Brey: The internal microprocessors 8086/8088, 80186, 80286, 80386, 80486 pentium and
Pentium processors architecture, programming interfacing, IVth edn. 1999.
2. Douglas V Hall: Microprocessors and interfacing, programming and hardware, IInd edn. Mc-Graw
Hill, 1992.
3. M A Maxidi and J G Mazidi: The 80x86 IBM PC and compatible comp. (Vol. I & II), IInd edn.
Prentiee-Hall international, 1998.
PHY-403 (S2)
Biophysics-III
(Methods and Techniques To Study Biological Systems)
Credits: 04
Unit-I Spectroscopic Techniques
Elementary idea about UV/VIS, Absorption, Raman, Fluorescence and NMR spectroscopic
techniques, study of biological Systems using spectroscopic techniques.
Unit-II Imaging and Diffraction Techniques
Imaging techniques, Ultrasonography (USG), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Computed

tomography (CT) scan and Positron emission tomography. Elementary Idea of Production and
Characteristics of X-ray, Applications of X-ray Diffraction, Neutron Diffraction and Electron
Diffraction to Biological Systems.
Unit-III Diffusion and Electro-analytical Techniques
Diffusion, Chromatography and Gel Electrophoresis, pH Measurement
Unit-IV Bulk and Surface Techniques
Polarimetry, Optical Rotary Dispersion (ORD), Circular Dichroism (CD), Light Scattering and
Size of Aggregates, Applications of Electron Microscopy to Biological Systems.

4. B. Nolting “Methods in Modern Biophysics” Springer, 2005.
5. K. Wilson and J. Walker “Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry” 5th
Edition, Cambridge University Press, 2000.
PHY-404 (S2)
Biophysics-IV
(Theoretical Modeling Of Biological Systems)
Credits: 04
Unit-I Quantum Chemical Methods and Related Concepts
Born-Oppenheimer approximation, Concept of molecular orbitals, Hartree-Fock theory, semi-

empirical and ab-initio methods, density functional theory, tautomers, intermolecular
interactions, potential energy surfaces, molecular recognition, electron density distribution,
electrostatic potential, solvent effect, stacking interactions, molecular mechanics.
Unit-II Chemical Kinetics
Chemical reaction, transition state theory, rate constants.
Unit-IV Statistics of Biopolymers
Elements of statistical mechanics, molecular weight averages, end-to-end distance, radius of

gyration, interaction among polymer segments & solvent molecules and its effect on the end-to-
end distance, lattice model of polymers and its application to coil-globule transition in
polymers, protein folding and DNA melting.
Unit-V Mechanics of Biopolymers
Structural and elastic properties of DNA and proteins, Force-induced transitions in biopolymers
and their modeling.
Computer Simulation
Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations, Algorithms and simple applications.
1. I.N. Levine “Quantum Chemistry” Prentice-Hall, 1994.

2. W.J. Hehre, L.Radom, P.V.R. Schleyer, J.A. Pople “Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Theory”
John Wiley, 1986.
3. R. McWeeny “Coulsons’s Valence” Oxford University Press 1980.
4. D. Frenkel and B. Smit “Understanding Molecular Simulation” Academic Press 2002.
PHY-403 (S3)
Solid State Physics -III
(Special Solids, Surfaces & Properties)
Credits: 04
Unit-I
Structure and symmetries of liquids, liquid crystals and amorphous solids. Liquid Crystals:
Definition, Classification, Characteristic features: Thermotropic and Lyotropic Liquid Crystals,
FLCs, Basic Principle of LCDs.
Unit-II
Difference of behavior of thin films from bulk. Boltzmann Transport equation for a thin film.
Determination of distributing function for thin films and qualitative estimates of electrical
conductivity. Scanning tunneling and Atomic Force Microscopy.
Unit-III
Weins theory of ferromagnetism, Molecular field theory. Heisenberg explanation of internal
magnetic field, Landau theory of Domain, Spin-wave theory, Magnon excitation and Bloch T3/2
law, Antiferromagnetism, Ferrimagnetism, Neels Two sub-lattice model.
Unit-IV
Polymers: Structure, Properties and Method of Polymerization, Degration of Polymers,
Viscoelectric State, Glass transition temperature.
Nano-Materials: Definition , Types and characteristic features, Quantum size effect, density of
states, Synthesis and characterization of Nanocomposites .
1. Liquid Crystals: S Chandrashekhar

2. An Introduction to Polymer Physics: I. I. Perepechko
3. Physics of Thin Films: K.L. Chopra
4. Nanotechnology: Principle and Practices: S K Kulkarni
PHY-404 (S3)
Solid State Physics-IV
(Many Particle Systems)
Credits: 04
Unit-I
Basic features of Superconductors: Zero resistance, Meissner Effect, Penetration Depth, Critical
Field, Heat capacity and Isotopic shift. Soft and Hard superconductors, Thermodynamics of
superconducting transitions, London equation, Coherent length, Particle tunneling and
Josephson effect.
Unit-II
Interaction of Electron with Acoustic and Optical Phonons, Cooper Pairing due to Phonon, BCS
Theory of Superconductivity, Ginzberg-Landau Theory of Superconductivity and Application to
type II superconductors, Vortices and Abrikosov Phase. Charge transfer model of Cuprates.
Unit-III
Interactions of Electrons and Phonons with Photons, Elementary ideas on Direct and Indirect
Transitions, Polaritons. Electron Localiztion in Disordered System: Electron Localization,
Density of States, Mobility Edge, Anderson Localization, Hopping Conductivity.
Unit-IV
Difficulties in observing resonance fluorescence of nuclear system, Recoil energy, Natural and
dipole broadening , Classical and Quantum theories of Mossbauer effect, Experimental method
and principle uses of Mossbauer effects.
1. Principle of theory of solid: J M Ziman

2. Theoretical Solid State Physics: W. Jones and N H March
3. Principle of Magnetic Resonance: C.P Slicher
4. Mossbauer Effect and its Application: V. G. Bhinde
M.Sc. Physics, Semesters VII &VIII Practical
(List of Experiments)
Electronics Group Practicals
1. Hysteresis Curve (a) by Ballistic method

(b) by Oscillograph
2. FET/MOSFET Characteristics
3. Ultrasonic Diffraction
4. Michelson Interferometer
5. Elastic constant by Newton’s Ring
6. Hall Effect
7. Use of constant deviation spectrograph
8. Q of coil
9. Planck’s constant
10. Richardson Equation
11. GM Counter
12. Energy band gap of semiconductor
13. Fourier analysis by CRO
14. Experiment on Laser
15. Transistor Characteristics
Biophysics group Practicals
1. Optimization of structures of N9H and N7H tautomers of guanine. Comparison of total

energies.
2. Optimization of normal structure of lysine in gas phase and zwitterionic structure in
aqueous media.
3. Optimization of geometries of cis- and trans-conformers of 2′-deoxyadenine.
4. Study of infrared spectrum of adenine experimentally and theoretically.
5. Determination of surface tension of a given biopolymer (agarose).
6. Molecular geometry optimization of cystein and cystine.
7. Study of Ramachandran diagrams of mono and dipeptides.
8. Absorption and fluorescence spectra of tryptophan.
9. Separation of DNA and estimation of the size of DNA molecules by Agarose gel
electrophoresis.
10. Determination of different constants/exponents associated with biopolymers.
Solid State Physics Group Practicals
1. Measurement of lattice parameter and indexing of powder photograph

2. Identification of unknown sample using powder diffraction method.
3. To study the ferroelectric transition in TGS crystal and measurement of Curie temperature
4. To measure the superconductivity transition temperature and transition width of a high
temperature superconductor
5. Rotation / oscillation photograph and their interpretation
M.Sc. Physics, Semesters IX & X Practical
(List of Experiments)
Electronics Group Practicals
1. Study of RC Coupled Amplifier

2. Negative Feedback Amplifier
3. Study of Multivibrator
4. Study of Oscillators
5. Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation
6. NAND and NOR gate as universal gate.
7. D/A and A/D Convertor
8. Characteristics of Operational Amplifier
9. Operational Amplifier as inverting, non-inverting, D-summing Amplifier
10. Study of time 555
11. Series regulated power Supply
12. Multiplex & Demultiplexs,
13. Study Incoders and decoders and BCD to saving segment.
14. Microprocessor
15. Verification of AND, OR, and NAND logic Gates.
Biophysics group Practicals
1. Computer simulation of Coil-Globule transition in biopolymers.

2. Computer simulation of thermal denaturation of DNA.
3. Electronic spectra (UV absorption and fluorescence) of adenine.
4. Electronic spectra (UV absorption and fluorescence) of guanine.
5. Extraction of urease from Cajanus indicus and determination of its activity.
6. Separation of Protein and estimation of the size by Agarose gel electrophoresis..
7. Spectroscopic study of chlorophyll extracted from natural sources.
8. Theoretical study of electronic spectra of adenine and guanine.
9. Electronic spectra (UV absorption and fluorescence) of phenylalanine.
10. Electronic spectra (UV absorption and fluorescence) of tyrosine.
Solid State Physics group Practicals
1. To study the modulus of rigidity and internal friction in a metal as a functioning temperature.
2. To measure the Cleavage step height of a crystal by multiple Fizeau Fringes.
3. To determine magnetoresistance of a Bismrith crystal as a function of magnetic field.
4. Synthesis/ Fabrication of Carbon Nanotubes by spray paralysis method and its verification
through X-ray diffraction.
5. To build crystal structures and to calculate its powder diffraction pattern using material Studio
software and to analyze structures and diffraction patterns.
PHY-205 (S1)
Elective Paper (Basic Solid State Physics)
Credits: 04
Unit-I
Basis and lattice, Unit Cell, Bravais Lattice in two dimension, Cubic Crystals: SC, BCC and
FCC, Coordination Number, Miller Indices, Spacing between lattice planes, Nacl and dimond
crystal structures.
Unit-II
Braggs Law, Experimental diffraction methods-Rotating Crystal method and powder method,
Reciprocal Lattice vector and their properties, Reciprocal lattice of simple cubic, base center
cubic and face center cubic lattice.
Unit-III
Ionic Crystals, Madelung energy, evaluation of Madelung Constant, Free electron theory, Fermi
energy, Hall Effect in Metal, Origin of Band Theory, Effective Mass of Electron.
UNIT-IV
Superconductivity, Properties of Superconductor, Meissner Effect, Type I and Type II

Superconductor, Isotope Effect, London Equation, Penetration Depth, Coherence Length.
1. Crystallography for Solid State Physics: Verma and Srivastava

2. Solid State Physics: Kittel.
3. Crystal Structure Analysis: R. Buerge.
PHY-205 (S2)
Elective Paper (Basic Electronics)
Credits: 04
Unit-I
Semiconductor, Intrinsic Semiconductor, Extrinsic Semiconductors, Working of p-n junction in

unbiased forward and reverse bias, Formation of depletion layer, Biasing of p-n junction, V-I
characteristics of p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.
Unit-II
Avalanche and Zener breakdown, Static and Dynamic resistance of a diode, Zener Diode, Zener
diode as voltage regulator, Light emitting diode, Photo Diode, Tunnel Diode.
Unit-III
Half wave rectifier, Full wave rectifier, Bridge Rectifier, Series Inductor Filter, Shunt Capacitor
Filter, L-section Filter, Pie-section Filter, Power Supply.
Unit-IV
Transistor Terminals, Working of p-n-p and n-p-n transistors, Characteristics of transistor in

common Base and Common Emitter configuration, Current amplification factors and relation
between them, current gain, voltage gain and power gain.
1. B .G. Streetman: Solid state Electronic Devices.

3. W. D. Stanley: Electronic Devices Circuits and Application.
4. J. D .Ryder: Electronics Fundamentals and Applications.
PHY-205 (S3)
Elective Paper (Atomic and Molecular Physics)
Credits: 04
Unit I
Bohr Theory and Spectra of hydrogen, Space quantization and electron spin hypothesis, Stern
Gerlach Experiment, Various quantum numbers of an electron relating to Vector Model of
Atom, Spin- Orbit interaction Energy.
Unit-II
Spectral terms for Alkali Atoms, Doublet fine structure, Singlet and Triplet fine structure in
Alkaline earth Spectra, LS and JJ couplings, Determination of spectral terms for both coupling
Schemes Selection Rule.
Unit-III
Continuous X-rays Spectrum, Duane and Hunts Law, Characteristics X-rays, Moseley Law,
Doublet structure of X-rays Spectra, X-rays Absorption Spectra.
Unit-IV
Vibration, Rotational and rotational–vibration Spectra of Molecules, Dissociation Limit for

ground and other electronic states, Stokes and Anti-Stokes Line, Raman Effect.
1. H. E. White: Introduction to Atomic Spectra

2. C. N. Banwell & E.M.McCash: Fundamental of Molecular Spectroscopy
3. Hertzberg: Molecular Spectra
Pre-Ph.D. Course Work Syllabus Physics
M G K V P UNIVERSITY
VARANASI
Pre-Ph.D. Course Work Syllabus
Paper - I
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Unit- I
Definition of research, research hypothesis, objective & basic principles of research,

motivation in research, meaning of research methodology, difference(s) between methods of
research & research methodology. Research approaches and related tools, Types of research,
significance of research, qualities of researcher, components of research problem, various steps
in scientific research, research purposes, research design, overview of research, literature
survey, research process in flow chart, conditions and criteria for good research. Importance of
communication skill in research-development of power of expression in both speaking and
writing, presentation techniques. Progress-report writing on the research topic(s). The
dilemmas and the decision–makings the reality.
Unit- II
Fundamentals of computers Computer fundamentals, hardware and software, different

operating systems, application programmes, Computer application for research, Word
Processing, Excel, Power Point, Data Processing, Use of Web-2 tools for research, use of
Graphical Software, Use of Multimedia Tools, Structure and Components of Research Report,
Report writing, Seminar, Presentation. Types of Report: research papers, thesis. Research
Project Reports, Pictures and Graphs, citation styles.
Unit- III
Working in a Linux environment, basic Linux commands, writing scientific documents with
Latex, graphic and visualization, gnu plot; introduction to other useful software tools e.g.
Mathematica computer programming. Difference between TEX and LATEX, basics of using
latex, latex input files, input file structures, layout of the document, titles, chapter and sections,
cross references, foot note, environments, typesetting, building blocks of a mathematical
formula, matrices, tables, including encapsulated postscript graphics, bibliography,
downloading and installing LATEX packages. Introduction to origin, basics of importing and
exporting data, working with Microsoft excel, graphing, statistics in origin, basic linear
regression and curve fitting, Method of least square fit to linear equation, Non-linear curve
fitting, background correction, mathematical manipulation in data using origin.
Unit IV
Nature and Scope of Ethics, Challenges and Importance of Ethics, Ethics in Research, Ethics
and Academic Honesty, Ethics in Writing, Academic Integrity, Research
Misconduct/Fabrication/Unethical Practices Academic/Research: Falsification, Manipulation
or Tempering of Data Literature. Review and Proper Use of E-Resources, Using Design
thinking Methods to Avoid Plagiarism. Writing Quality Academic Publications, Scientific
Reading, Cite and Write, Plagiarism Policies, Penalties and Consequences.
1. Kumar Ranjit, Research Methodology: A Step by Step Guide for Beginners, Sage
Publication, 2014.
2. Kothari C.R. : Research Methodology, New Age International, 2011.
3. Thanulingom N : Research Methodology, Himalaya Publishing
4. C. Rajendar Kumar : Research Methodology , APH Publishing.
5. Pradeep K.Sinha, Computer Fundamentals - 8th Edition, BPB Publications
6. Nicola L. C. Talbot, LaTeX for Complete Novices
7. Stefan Kottwitz, LaTeX Beginner’s Guide, Packt Publishing, 2011
8. Muhammad Arsalan, Origin Software: A complete Guide for new users.
9. John G D'Angelo, Ethics in Science, Ethical Misconduct in Scientific Research.
10. Partha Pratim Ray, A Guide to Research and Publication Ethics.
11. Sandra C. Greer, Elements of Ethics for Physical Scientists.
Paper - II
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICS
Unit – I
Quasielectrons, plasmons, The Dielectric constant of the electron gas, Ion-ion interactions;
Phonons; Spin-spin interactions; Magnons; Diamagnetism; Paramagnetism. Theory of NMR,
ESR techniques, Superconductivity, BCS Theory, Superfluidity.
Unit – II
Structural and Compositional Characterization, Basics of radiation matter interaction, Basics

of electron matter interaction, Basic properties of Fourier Transform, Elastic Scattering,
Diffraction of electrons, photons and neutrons. Basics of X – ray diffraction (XRD), grazing
incidence and powder XRD, Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX). Small Angle X-Ray
Scattering (SAXS).
Scanning Probe microscopy: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy
(AFM), Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM), Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM),
Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM): Basic principle, Brief idea of set up–details of
components, Different modes and its importance.
Unit – III
Physical basis, theory, instrumentation and applications of X-Ray. Fluorescence Spectroscopy;

LASER fluorimetry; Gamma-Gamma method; Neutron activation analysis and Neutron-
Neutron method. Gamma Ray Spectrometric Technique. Magnetic Neutron Scattering, Small
Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), Neutron reflectometry for thin film.
Unit – IV
X- Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Basic Components of Raman system, Spectrometer and

Detectors, Raman Spectroscopy of Solid and Liquids, Raman spectroscopy of Materials,
Instrumentation, Basic Components, IR sources. Spectrometer and Detectors, Infrared
absorption spectroscopy. FWHM of the vibrational modes, area etc. Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV- Vis. Spectroscopy.
1. Nadia Crawford, Nuclear Physics: Concepts and Techniques

2. Stefaan Tavernier, Experimental Techniques in Nuclear and Particle Physics.
3. Neil W. Ashcroft, N. David Mermin, Solid State Physics.
4. Charles Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics.
5. H. Ibach, Solid State Physics: An Introduction to Theory and Experiment.
6. James D. Patterson, Bernard C. Bailey, Solid-State Physics: Introduction to the Theory.
7. Hendrik Bluhm, Thomas Brckel, Markus Morgenstern, Gero Von Plessen, Advanced
Solid State Physics.
8. Thomas C. Weinacht, Brett J. Pearson, Time-Resolved Spectroscopy: An Experimental
Perspective.
9. M. I. Pergament, Methods of Experimental Physics
10. F. Reif: Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics.
11. R. Pathria: Statistical Mechanics.
12. Donald H. Perkins: Introduction to high energy physics
13. Mandl, Shaw: Quantum Field Theory.
14. Demtroeder W, Molecular Physics - Theoretical Principles and Experimental Methods
Paper - III
THEORETICAL METHODS IN PHYSICS Research
UNIT – I
Ion beam Technology, Ion beam irradiation and ion implantation in physics research especially
in materials science, nuclear physics and plasma physics. Basics of nuclear techniques for ion
beam analysis.
UNIT- II
Quantum confinement and surface effect, 2-D, 1-D and 0-D Nano systems, Quantum dots and
1-D nanostructures, Nanocomposites of inorganic and organic systems, Self-assembly
hierarchic structures and advanced functional materials for applications in energy harvesting,
catalysis, sensors etc.
UNIT III
The electron gas without interaction; Electrons in a periodic potential. The interacting electron
gas; Schrodinger Perturbation Theory, Scattering Theory, Partial Wave Analysis, Born
Approximation and Its validity. The Hartree-Fock approximation, Computational Techniques:
Basics of ab-initio calculations, basic principles of density functional theory (DFT), exchange
correlation energy functional, applications of DFT.
UNIT IV
Landau theory for phase transitions. Ising model: transfer matrix method; Onsager solution of
2-dimensional Ising model. Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics: Response function and
susceptibility; fluctuation-dissipation theorem; irreversibility and the master equation; Fokker
Planck and diffusion equations.
1. Nadia Crawford, Nuclear Physics: Concepts and Techniques

2. Stefaan Tavernier, Experimental Techniques in Nuclear and Particle Physics.
3. Neil W. Ashcroft, N. David Mermin, Solid State Physics.
4. Charles Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics.
5. H. Ibach, Solid State Physics: An Introduction to Theory and Experiment.
6. James D. Patterson, Bernard C. Bailey, Solid-State Physics: Introduction to the Theory.
7. Hendrik Bluhm, Thomas Brckel, Markus Morgenstern, Gero Von Plessen, Advanced
Solid State Physics.
8. Thomas C. Weinacht, Brett J. Pearson, Time-Resolved Spectroscopy: An Experimental
Perspective.
9. M. I. Pergament, Methods of Experimental Physics
10. F. Reif: Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics.
11. R. Pathria: Statistical Mechanics.
12. Donald H. Perkins: Introduction to high energy physics
13. Mandl, Shaw: Quantum Field Theory.
14. Demtroeder W, Molecular Physics - Theoretical Principles and Experimental Methods

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M.G.

KASHI VIDYAPITH, VARANASI

Course Code Course Title T/P

PHY-101 Core Mathematical Physics T 4 25 75

PHY-201 Core Advanced Quantum T 4 25 75

PHY-301 Core Lasers and Opto-electronics T 4 25 75

PHY-401 Core Statistical Mechanics T 4 25 75

PHY- Special Solid State Physics-IV: T 4 25 75

Unit-I Matrix Analysis

Definition of matrix, conjugate of a matrix, algebraic operation on matrices, rank of matrices,

Unit-II Complex Variables

Definition of complex number, analyticity of complex function, Cauchy-Riemann condition,

Unit-IV Fourier Transformation & Polynomials

Text and Reference Books:

1. Mathematical methods for Physicist: G. Artken

Mechanics of a system of particles, Generalized Co-ordinates, D Alembert’s principle. The

Calculus of variations and its application–Hamilton’s principle. The modified

Canonical transformations, Poisson brackets, Equations of motion and infinitesimal canonical

Text and Reference Books:

1. Classical Mechanics: N C Rana & P S Joag, TMH 1991

Vector and scalar potentials, Maxwell’s Equations in terms of Electromagnetic Potentials,

Propagation of Electromagnetic Plane Waves in Vacuum, Non-conducting Medium,

Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Rectangular Waveguides, TE and TM Modes, Cut

Text and Reference Books:

1. Electromagnetic Theory by Julius Adams Stratt

Uncertainty principle and applications, Schrödinger wave equation, normalization,

Unit-II Three Dimensional System

Unit-III Matrix Theory

Unit-IV Approximation Methods

Text and Reference Books:

1. Quantum Mechanics: L I Schiff, TMH

Variational method, Wentzel Kramer Brillouin (WKB) approximation, Time-dependent

Identical particles, symmetric and antisymmetric wave functions, Collision of identical

Text and Reference Books:

1. L I Schiff, Quantum Mechanics (Mc Graw Hill)

Unit-II Point Defect and Imperfection

Unit-III Electronic Energy Bands

Text and Reference Books:

1. Verma and Shrivastava: Crystallography for Solid State physics

Unit-II Atomic Spectra

Unit-III Diatomic-Molecular Spectra

Unit-IV Energy of Molecules

Vibrational energy of diatomic molecules, diatomic molecules as a simple harmonic

Text and Reference Books:

1. Introduction to atomic spectra, H E White (T)

Unit-II Motion of Charged Particles

Unit-III Basics of Plasma

Elementary concepts: Derivation of moment equations from Boltzmann equation, plasma

Unit-IV Wave Propagation

Wave phenomena in magnetoplasma: Polarization, phase velocity, group velocity, cutoffs,

Text and Reference Books:

1. Panofsky & Phillips: Classical electricity and magnetism

Essential criterion to observe non linear optical effects. First experimental

Text and Reference Books:

Gamma emission, Multipolarity of gamma rays, Selection rules, Theoretical prediction of

Text and Reference Books:

1. Ghosal: Atomic and Nuclear physics, vol 2

Difference Amplifiers, Broadband Amplifiers, Methods for achieving Broadbanding, Emitter

Unit-III Power Supplies

Unit-IV Integrated Circuit Fabrication Technology