University of Gondar

College of Natural and Computational Sciences

Department of Mathematics
Basic Mathematics for Natural Sciences (Math1011N) Worksheet I
on Logic and Set Theory
Attempt all the Questions.

1. Let p : Some cats have eas and q : All lawyers are dishonest. Then write the following in words.
(a) p ∧ q (b) ¬q =⇒ p (c) ¬p ⇐⇒ q (d) ¬p ∨ q
2. Translate the following statements into symbolic form.
(a) I will not pass this class unless I go to class every day and do all of the homework exercises.
(b) I lock the doors and close the windows whenever I leave to go to work.
(c) Getting up on time and getting ready quickly is sucient for arriving at work on time.
(d) Practicing an hour a day and getting private lessons twice a week is necessary for playing in
the wind ensemble.
(e) Something that is white is not always milk, whereas all milks are white.
(f) Every number is either negative or has a square root.
(g) Some numbers are not real.
(h) Not every graph is connected.
3. Give the converse, inverse and contra-positive of the following statements.
(a) If two sets are equal, then they have same number of elements.
(b) She passes the exam if she studied hard.
(c) You take your umbrella is the necessary condition for it is raining.
(d) The sun comes out tomorrow is the sucient condition for the roses will open.
4. Determine whether the following propositions are tautology, or contradiction, or neither.
(a) (p ∨ ¬q) ∨ (¬p ∧ q) (e) [¬p ∧ (q ∨ ¬r)] =⇒ (¬q ⇐⇒ p)
(b) (p ∧ ¬q) ∨ ¬p (f) [(p =⇒ q) ∧ (r ∨ ¬q) ∧ ¬r] =⇒ ¬p
(c) q ∨ ¬(¬p ∧ q) (g) (q ∧ ¬p) ⇐⇒ (p ∨ ¬q)
(d) (q =⇒ ¬p) ∧ (p ∧ q) (h) [p ∧ (q ∨ ¬r)¬] =⇒ (¬q ⇐⇒ p)

5. Determine whether the following propositions are equivalent or not.

(a) ¬p ⇐⇒ q and [(r ∨ ¬q) ∧ (¬p ⇐⇒ q)] (d) (q =⇒ ¬p)∧¬(¬p∨¬q) and (q =⇒ ¬q)∧(p∧q)
(b) ¬(p ∧ ¬q) and ¬q =⇒ ¬p
(c) ¬(¬q ⇐⇒ p) and ¬q ⇐⇒ ¬p (e) ¬(p ∨ q) =⇒ p and ¬(¬p ∧ ¬q)
6. (a) If p, q, r are simple propositions with truth values T, F, T respectively then the truth value of
(¬p ∨ q) ∧ ¬r =⇒ p is
(b) If (p ∧ ¬r) =⇒ (q ∨ r) is false and q and r are both false, then the truth value of p is
(c) If p =⇒ (q ∨ r) is false, the truth values of p, q, r are
(d) If p =⇒ (¬p ∨ q) is false, the truth values of p and q are

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 7. Find the truth values of the following statements.
(a) (∃x ∈ R)(x2 − 2x < 0) (c) (∀x ∈ R)(x > 2 =⇒ x2 > 4) (e) (∃x∀y)(xy = y)
(b) (∀x ∈ R)((x − 1)2 > 0) (d) (∀x∃y)(x > y) (f) (∃y∀x)(x + y = y)

8. Write the negation of the following propositions.

(a) Today is Monday and it isn't raining. (d) All of the businesses are closed.
(b) I'am careful or I make mistakes. (e) Some pilots are pirates.
(c) I walk or I chew gum. (f) No triangles are quadrilaterals.

9. Translate each statement using universal or extensional quantiers. Then determine whether the
statement is true or false.
(a) Every real number is either rational or irrational.
(b) There is a real number in the interval [0, 1] which is a root of the equation x3 + x − 1 = 0.
(c) Every real number is smaller than another real number.
(d) For every real number, there is a smaller real number.
(e) For each integer x, there exist an integer y such that x + y = 0.
(f) There exist an integer x such that x + y = y for every integer y.
(g) For all integers x and y, xy = yx.
(h) There are integers x and y such that x + y = 4.
10. Decide whether the argument is valid or invalid.
(a) p =⇒ q, ¬p ⊢ ¬q (c) p =⇒ q, r ∨ ¬q, ¬r ⊢ ¬p
(b) p =⇒ q, p ∨ r, ¬q ⊢ r

(d) If I'am hungry, then I will eat. T'am not hungry. Therefore, I will not eat.
(e) If my computer crashes, then I will loss all of my documents. I have not loss all my documents.
Therefore, my computer has not crashed.
11. Use the complete listing or partial listing method to describe the sets given below.
(a) A = {x : x ∈ R, x2 + x − 6 = 0 ∧ x2 − 4 = 0}
(b) B = {x : x ∈ Z, x ≤ −3 =⇒ x2 = 9}
√
(c) C = {x ∈ Z : −3 < x < 3 ∧ x2 − 1 < 0 ∧ x = x}
12. The gure shows the number of elements in each
region. Find the following, if n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 1 U
A B
x+1
x+2 3x-1
(a) n(B ∪ C) c x-2
2x+1 2x
(b) n(C − A) x-1
C
x
(c) n(U)

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13. Let A = {x : x ∈ R, (x2 + x)(x3 − 4x) = 0},
(a) nd the number of proper subsets of A
(b) list the subsets of A that contain three elements
(c) determine P(A) and n(P(A))
14. Find all possible values of x and y, if {x + y, y − 2x} = {−3, 3}
15. (a) Let A = {−1, {0}, 1} nd A − {0}
(b) Let A and B be two sets such that A ∩ B = ∅ and A ∪ B = U. If B = {1, 2, 3}, nd Ac − B c .
(c) Let U = {x : x ∈ N, x ≤ 10} and A ∪ B = {2, 4, 6, 8}. Find Ac ∩ B c , if A ∩ B = ∅.
(d) Let A ∩ B = {2, 4} and A ∩ B c = {0, 1}. Find B − A, if U = A ∪ B = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
(e) If A ⊆ B and Ac ∩ B = {0, 2, 5}, what is the least possible number of elements of set B.
(f) Let A ∪ B = U = {x : x is a prime number less than 20}. Find B − A, if (A△B)c = {2} and
A − B = {x : x ∈ U, x > 10}.
(g) Let A = {−1, 0, 1} and B = {y : y = x2 − 1, x ∈ A}. Find A × B.
(h) Let A = {0, 1}, B = {1, 2, 3} and C = {1, 3, 5}. Find (A × B) − (A × C).
(i) Let n(A − B) = 12, n(A ∩ B) = 8, n(B − A) = 14, and n(Ac ∩ B c ) = 16. Find n(A ∪ B) and
n(Ac ∪ B c ).
(j) If n(A) = 5, n(B) = 3 and n(A ∪ B) = 6. Find n(B△A).
16. (a) From a total of 50 students, 40 are younger than 21 years and 45 are older than 19 years. Find
the number of students whose ages are between 19 and 21 years.
(b) In a group of 50 students, 26 take economics while 12 take both economics and psychology. If
there are 10 students who take neither economics nor psychology, how many students in the
group take only psychology?
(c) In a meeting of 42 persons, 6 supported both Mr. X and Mr. Y while no one opposed either
Mr. X or Mr. Y. How many persons voted for Mr. Y, if the number of persons supported Mr.
X is twice of that of Mr. Y?
(d) In a survey of 1000 families, it was found that 710 drink tea with breakfast while 230 drink
coee. The families who drink both tea and coee are half in number compared with those
who drink neither tea nor coee. Find the number of families who drink both tea and coee for
breakfast.
(e) A survey was conducted by a company which makes products A, B, and C. It was found that.
46 likes product A, 50 likes product B , 57 likes product C , 28 likes product A and B , 20 likes
product B and C , 25 likes product A and C , 11 likes all three products, and 9 do not like any
of these three. How many people
i. like product A but not the others? iv. like exactly one product?
ii. like at least one product? v. were surveyed?
iii. like exactly two products? vi. do not like product B ?
(f) 50 cars belong to an enterprise that has three departments, A, B, and C . 6 cars are available
for the use of all three departments, while 2 cars give service to neither of the departments.
24 cars are administered by department B, although 16 of them are also used by the other
departments. There are twice as many cars in department A as there are in department C. If
equal number of cars are allocated when used by any two departments, nd the number of cars
administered by each department.

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17. Fill the correct answers in the blanks.
(a) Given two non empty sets A and B, if A ∩ B = A ∪ B, then A and B are sets.
(b) Let A = {{1, 2, 3}} and B = {1, 2, 3}, then A ∩ B = .
(c) Given two sets A and B, (A ∩ B ) − (A ∪ B) =
c c c
.
(d) If A ∩ B = ∅, then Ac − B c = and B c − Ac = .
(e) If n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B), then A and B are sets.
(f) If n(A) = n(B) and A ⊊ B, then A and B are sets.
(g) Given two sets A and B, A × B = B × A, if and only if .
(h) n[(A − B) ∩ (B − A)] = for any two nite sets A and B.
(i) Let A and B be two sets such that A ⊇ B, then (A − B) ∪ B = .
(j) If A ∩ B = ∅ and A ∪ B = U, then (A − B)c = .
(k) For any given set A, (A − ∅) − A = and (Ac ∪ ∅) ∪ A = .
(l) Let n(A ∪ B) = x and n(Ac ∩ B c ) = y, then n(U) = .