wWRvBb Ae ÷ªvKPvi-1 (22 cÖweavb)

SOS AwZ msw¶ß cÖ‡kœvËi t

** 1| KswµU Kx? wm‡g›U KswµU ˆZwi‡Z wm‡g›Ui KvR Kx?
*** 2| Kswµ‡U IqvUvi wm‡g›U †iwkI Gi KvR Kx?
*** 3| wbw®Œq c~iK (Aggregates) c`v_© ej‡Z Kx eySvq? Kswµ‡U c~iK c`v‡_©i KvR Kx?
*** 4| wcÖ-‡÷ªmW KswµU ej‡Z Kx eySvq? wcÖ-‡÷ªmW Kswµ‡Ui e¨envi †jL|
*** 5| gWzjvi †iwkI Kx?
*** 6| gWzjvi Ae Bjvw÷wmwU ev w¯’wZ¯’vcK ¸Yv¼ ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
*** 7| Kswµ‡Ui wbivc` ev Aby‡gvw`Z cxob ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
** 8| KswµU wg· wWRvB‡bi b~¨bZg k~b¨Zv c×wZ Kx?
** 9| wm‡g‡›Ui mvDÛ‡bj cixÿv D‡Ïk¨ Kx?
*** 10| Kswµ‡Ui Pvckw³ cixÿvi D‡Ïk¨ Kx?
** 11| Kswµ‡Ui Pvckw³ cixÿvi Quv‡Pi cwigvY †`LvI|
*** 12| wmwjÛvi †÷ªs_ ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
*** 13| ¯øvg †U÷ †Kb Kiv nq?
** 14| wiKUvi ‡¯‹‡ji e¨envi †jL|
*** 15| wWRvBb †KvW ej‡Z Kx eySvq? wWRvBb †Kv‡Wi e¨envi †jL|
* 16| wWRvBb †jvW KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
* 17| KvVv‡gvi †WW †jvW ¸‡jv Kx Kx?
*** 18| KvVv‡gvi wbivcËv ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
** 19| cvwicvwk^K fvi ev Environmental Load ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
* 20| f‚wgK¤ú‡bi †K›`ª Ges Dc‡K›`ª ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
21| c~Y©iƒc Bs‡iwR‡Z ‡jL t ACI, ASTM, AASHO, BNBC, BCI

**22| wewfbœ cÖKvi wiBb‡dvwm©s w÷‡ji bvg †jL|

** 23| wiBb‡dvm©‡g›U wnmv‡e e¨eüZ w÷‡ji †MÖW ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
*** 24| evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb †Kvb †MÖ‡Wi w÷j e¨envi Kiv nq? 60 ‡MÖ‡Wi iW ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
*** 25| wcÖ-‡÷ªwms w÷j KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
** 26| we‡jU w÷j Kx? we‡jU I ¯Œ¨vc i‡Wi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †jL|
** 27| I‡q‡ìW Iq¨vi †dweªK Kx Ges †Kv_vq e¨envi Kiv nq?
** 28| wWdg©W evi Kv‡K e‡j?

*** 29| iƒcvšÍwiZ †mKkb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? UªvÝdigW †mKkb †Kb e¨eüZ nq?
** 30| weg Z`šÍ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? weg Z`šÍ †K‡bv Kiv nq?
*** 31| wjfvi Avg© ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
*** 32| Ux-we‡gi wbi‡cÿ A‡ÿi Ae¯’vb wbiƒc‡bi kZ©¸‡jv †jL|
*** 33| mylg ev e¨v‡jÝW weg Kv‡K e‡j? mylg weg Kxfv‡e e¨_© n‡Z cv‡i?
*** 34| AvÛvi wiBb‡dvm©W weg ej‡Z Kx eySvq? AvÛvi wiBb‡dvm©W weg e¨env‡i myweav Kx?
35| RCC weg Kqfv‡e e¨_© n‡Z cv‡i?
*** 36| Ifvi wiBb‡dvm©W weg ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

*** 37| wkqvi cxob ej‡Z eySvq?

*** 38| Wvqv‡Mvbvj (†KvbvKzwb) †Ubkb ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
39| Wvqv‡Mvbvj †Ubkb ÷ªvKPv‡ii Kx ai‡bi ÿwZ Ki‡Z cv‡i?
** 40| Stirrup KLb e¨envi Kiv nq?
** 41| ACI ‡KvW Abyhvqx Kswµ‡Ui Aby‡gv`b‡hvM¨ wkqvi cxo‡bi gvb¸‡jv †jL|

1
42| mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ we‡gi ‡ÿ‡Î †bv‡Ukbmn wµwUK¨vj wkqvi‡dv‡m©i m~ÎwU †jL| we‡g wµwUK¨vj wkqvi †dvm© †Kv_vq Drcbœ nq?

*** 43| I‡qf wiBb‡dvm©‡g›U ej‡Z Kx eySvq? I‡qe wiBb‡dvm©‡g‡›Ui KvR Kx?
** 44| we‡g w÷iv‡ci e¨eavb wbY©‡qi m~ÎwU †bv‡Ukbmn †jL| we‡g w÷ivc KLb e¨envi Kiv nq?
*** 45| 𝐀𝐂𝐈 †KvW Abyhvqx w÷iv‡ci m‡e©v”P e¨eavb wbY©‡qi m~θ‡jv †jL|
46| we‡g hZ`~i ch©šÍ I‡qe wiBb‡dvm©‡g›U e¨envi Kiv n‡e, Zvi m~ÎwU †bv‡Ukbmn †jL|

*** 47| eÛ cxob ej‡Z Kx eySvq? eÛ cxo‡bi m~ÎwU †bv‡Ukbmn †jL|

* 48| Aby‡gvw`Z eÛ cxo‡bi m~Î †jL|
* 49| USD c×wZ‡Z Aby‡gvw`b eÛ cxob wbY©‡q m~θ‡jv †jL|
*** 50| A¨vsK‡iR ev Gg&‡e‡WW ‰`N©¨ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? A¨vsK‡iR ˆ`N©¨ wbY©‡qi m~Î †jL|
*** 51| eÛ cxob Kxfv‡e Kgv‡bv hvq?
*** 52| ÷¨vÛW© ûK ev Av`k© ûK ej‡Z Kx eySvq? Ô

** 53| AvqZvKvi Aviwmwm we‡gi Kvh©Kix MfxiZv ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

** 54| we‡gi gy³ ¯ú¨vb Ges Kvh©Kix ¯ú¨vb Kv‡K e‡j?
** 55| †KvW Abyhvqx we‡gi Kvh©Kix ¯ú¨vb Kxfv‡e wbY©q Kiv nq?
*** 56| RCC we‡g e¨eüZ wiBb‡dvm©‡g‡›Ui b~¨bZg e¨eavb †jL|
*** 57| AvqZvKvi we‡gi AvbygvwbK cÖ¯’‡”Q` Kxfv‡e wbY©q Kiv nq?
** 58| we‡gi e¨eüZ wiBb‡dvm©‡g‡›Ui b~¨bZg †ÿÎdj KZ?
*** 59| wjfvi Avg© ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
* 60| †bv‡Ukbmn k- Gi wWRvBb m~ÎwU †jL|
𝟏
* 61| 𝑴𝑪 = 𝟐 𝒇𝑪 𝒋𝒌𝒃𝒅𝟐 m~ÎwU †bv‡Ukbmn eY©bv Ki|

*** 62| ‡jv‡Wi Kvi‡Y RCC weg Kxfv‡e e¨_© n‡Z cv‡i?
*** 63| USD c×wZ‡Z †jvW d¨v±i Kx? USD c×wZ‡Z wewfbœ cÖKvi †jv‡Wi Rb¨ e¨eüZ Load factor ¸‡jv †jL|
* 64| Avwë‡gU †jvW wbiƒc‡bi m~ÎwU †bv‡Ukbmn eY©bv Ki|
*** 65| w÷j †iwkI (𝝆) ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
** 66| USD c×wZ‡Z †÷ªs_ wiWvKkb d¨v±i ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
*** 67| ‡÷ªs_ wiWvKkb d¨v±i¸‡jvi gvb D‡jøL Ki| USD c×wZ‡Z Shear I ‡gv‡g›URwbZ wiWvKkb d¨v±i KZ?
* 68| mvwf©m †jvW¸‡jvi bvg †jL|
*** 69| Avwë‡gU †jv‡Wi Kvi‡Y cÖK…Z I mgZzj¨ AvqZvKvi cxob wPÎ †`LvI|

*** 70| K¨vw›Uwjfvi weg ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

** 71| K¨vw›Uwjfvi we‡gi cÖavb wiBb‡dvm©‡g›U wbi‡cÿ A‡ÿi Ici e¨env‡ii KviY wPÎmn ‡jL|
*** 72| K¨vw›Uwjfvi we‡gi iW KZ©b ej‡Z Kx eySvq? K¨vw›Uwifvi we‡g wiBb‡dvm©‡g›U KZ©b Kiv †Kb?
*** 73| K¨vw›Uwjfvi ev SzjšÍ we‡gi gy³cÖv‡šÍi MfxiZv µgk miæ nq †Kb?
74| SzjšÍ weg ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
75| wec¾bK †mKkb ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

*** 76| Ux weg ej‡Z Kx eySvq? Ux-we‡gi KqwU Ask I Kx Kx?

* 77| Ux-we‡gi †d¬Ä I I‡qe Kv‡K e‡j? Ux-we‡gi †d¬‡Äi we¯Ívi Kx Kx wel‡qi Dci wbf©i K‡i?
*** 78| T-we‡gi I‡q‡ei cÖ¯’ Ges MfxiZvi gv‡S m¤úK© Kx?
*** 79| mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ Ux-we‡gi cÖ¯’ I MfxiZv wkqv‡ii wfwˇZ wbiƒc‡bi KviY Kx?
* 80| Ux-we‡gi Kvh©Kix MfxiZv ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
*** 81| Ux-weg‡K KLb AvqZvKvi weg wnmv‡e wWRvBb Kiv nq?
* 82| mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ Ux-weg wWRvB‡b Kswµ‡Ui Pvc cxob wbixÿvi m~ÎwU †bv‡Ukbmn †jL|
*** 83| AvqZvKvi weg A‡cÿv Ux-we‡gi myweav¸‡jv †jL|

2
*** 1| Wvej wiBb‡dvm©W weg Kv‡K e‡j? Wvewj wiBb‡dvm©W weg (Double Reinforced Beam) KLb e¨envi Kiv nq?
* 3| Wvewj wiBb‡dvm©W we‡gi myweavmg~n †jL|
*** 4| Wvewj wiBb‡dvmW© we‡g K‡¤úªwmf w÷‡ji KvR Kx?
*** 5| Double Reinforced Beam kbv³KiY ev †Pbvi Dcvq Kx?
*** 6| Wvej wiBb‡dvmW© we‡gi AwZwi³ †gv‡g›U 𝑴𝟐 wbY©‡qi m~ÎwU †bv‡Ukbmn †jL|
** 7| Wvej wiBb‡dvm©W we‡gi ga¨ As‡k w÷iv‡ci e¨eavb KZ n‡e?
* 8| Wvej wiBb‡dvm©W we‡g w÷iv‡ci KvR Kx?
** 9| wj‡›Uj ej‡Z Kx eySvq? wj‡›Uj †Kv_vq Ges †Kb e¨envi Kiv nq?
*** 10| wj‡›Uj e¨env‡ii D‡Ïk¨ Kx?
*** 12| wj‡›U‡ji wWRvBb †jvW wbiƒc‡Y Kx Kx welq we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq?

SOS msw¶ß cÖ‡kœvËi t

1| evBwÛs g¨v‡Uwiqvj ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

*** 2| KvVv‡gvi wbivcËvi/‡mdwUi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Kx? KvVv‡gvi wbivcËvi Rb¨ Kx Kx welq we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
3| †cøBb Kswµ‡Ui e¨envi myweav I Amyweav¸‡jv †jL|
** 4| †cøBb Kswµ‡Ui Zzjbvq Aviwmwm e¨env‡ii myweav¸‡jv †jL|
5| wKDe †U‡÷i Zzjbvq wmwjÛvi †U÷ †ewk wbf©ikxj †Kb?
*** 6| WSD Ges USD c×wZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? WSD Ges USD Gi gv‡S cv_©K¨ †jL|
7| f‚wgK‡¤úi KviY¸‡jv †jL|

8| RCC ‡Z wiBb‡dvm©‡g›U wnmv‡e gvBì w÷j e¨envi Kiv nq †Kb

*** 9| Aviwm‡m‡Z wWdg©W evi Ges UzB‡÷W evi e¨env‡ii myweavmg~n †jL|

*** 10| wPÎmn iƒcvšÍwiZ †mKkb Z‡Ë¡i e¨vL¨v `vI|

𝒃𝒙𝟐
*** 11| iƒcvšÍwiZ †mKk‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖgvY Ki †h, 𝟐 = 𝒏𝑨𝑺 (𝒅 − 𝒙)
12| Aviwmwm we‡gi †ÿ‡Î AvÛvi wiBb‡dvm©‡g›U Ges Ifvi wiBb‡dvm©‡g‡›Ui cÖfve wPÎmn eY©bv Ki|
*** 13| AvÛvi wiBb‡dvm©W Ges Ifvi wiBb‡dvm©W we‡gi cv_©K¨ †jL|
14| AvÛvi wiBb‡dvm©W weg I Ifvi wiBb‡dvm©W we‡gi myweav-Amyweav wjL|

** 15| wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ Wvqv‡Mvbvj †Ubkbb e¨vL¨v Ki|

** 16| we‡g Wvqv‡Mvbvj †Ubkb m„wói KviY D‡jøL Ki Ges wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ Gi Ae¯’vb ‡`LvI|
𝑽
*** 17| we‡gi wkqvi cxob (𝒗 = 𝒃𝒅) wbY©‡qi m~ÎwU wbiƒcb Ki|

𝐀 𝐯 𝒇𝐯
*** 18| w÷iv‡ci e¨eavb wbY©‡qi m~ÎwU (𝐒 = ) cÖgvY Ki|
𝐯′𝐛
𝐋 𝐯′
19| cÖ‡qvRbxq wPÎ I †bv‡Uk‡bi e¨vL¨vmn cÖgvY Ki ‡h, 𝐚 = (𝟐 − 𝐝) 𝐯 .

20| eÛ cxob e¨_©Zv wbim‡Y Kx e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv nq|

21| ACI †KvW Abyhvqx wewfbœ cÖKvi i‡Wi Av`k© û‡Ki cwigvY †jL|
22| cÖ‡qvRbxq ˆ`‡N©¨i iW bv cvIqv †M‡j RCC we‡gi j¨vwcs †Kvb Ae¯’vq †`Iqv DwPZ|

** 23| AvqZvKvi RCC weg wWRvB‡bi avcmg~n †jL|

* 24| we‡g Kfvwis e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Kx?

3
25| Aviwmwm weg wWRvB‡b †d¬KPvi m~Î wbiƒc‡Y †gŠwjK aviYvmg~n †jL|

*** 26| USD c×wZ‡Z AvqZvKvi weg wWRvB‡bi avcmg~n ms‡ÿ‡c wee„Z Ki|
27| USD c×wZ‡Z Aviwmwm we‡gi †d¬·ivj m~Î wbiƒc‡Y †gŠwjK aviYvmg~n †jL|

** 28| mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ Ux-weg wWRvB‡bi avcmg~n †jL|

** 29| GKwU Ux-we‡gi cÖv¯’‡”Q` AsKb K‡i wewfbœ Ask †`LvI|
*** 30| Ux-we‡gi †d¬‡Äi we¯’vi wbY©‡qi c×wZ †jL|
*** 31| AvqZvKvi weg I Ux-we‡gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †jL|

** 32| Wvewj wiBb‡dvm©W weg wWRvB‡bi avcmg~n †jL|

*** 33| Wvewj wiBb‡dvm©W weg I wm‡½wj wiBb‡dvm©W we‡gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †jL|
34| RCC wj‡›Uj wWRvB‡bi avc¸‡jv †jL|
*** 35| wj‡›U‡ji Dci Av‡ivwcZ †jvW Kxfv‡e wnmve Kiv nq?
*** 36| wj‡›U‡ji b~¨bZg weqvwis I MfxiZv wbY©‡qi kZ©¸‡jv †jL|

SOS iPbvg~jK cÖ‡kœvËi t

*** 1| wiBb‡dvm©W Kswµ‡Ui myweav I Amyweav¸‡jv †jL|

*** 2| wcÖ-‡÷ªmW Kswµ‡Ui myewav I Amyweav¸‡jv †jL|
*** 3| Kswµ‡Ui Pvckw³ cixÿv eY©bv Ki|

𝑽
*** 4| cÖgvb Ki †h eÛ cxob, 𝑼 = ∑ †bv‡Ukb ¸‡jv cÖPwjZ A_© enb K‡i|
𝟎 𝒋𝒅
𝒇𝒔 𝑫
*** 5| cÖgvY Ki †h, A¨vsK‡iR ‰`N©¨, 𝑳 = , †hLv‡b Aÿi¸‡jv cÖPwjZ A_© enb K‡i|
𝟒 𝑼𝒂𝒍𝒍

𝒏
*** 6| AvqZvKvi Aviwmwm we‡gi †ÿ‡Î cÖgvY Ki †h, 𝒌 = 𝒇 [ms‡KZ¸‡jv cÖPwjZ A_© enb K‡i|
𝒏+ 𝑺
𝒇𝑪

𝝆𝒇𝒚
7| USD c×wZ‡Z we‡gi †d¬·ivj m~ÎwU [𝑴𝒏 = 𝝆𝒇𝒚 𝒃𝒅𝟐 (𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟓𝟗 )] ‡bv‡Ukbmn cÖgvY Ki|
𝒇′𝒄

SOS MvwYwZK mgm¨vewj t

1| cÖwZ NbwgUvi Kswµ‡Ui IRb 𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟎 ‡KwR Ges m‡e©v”P Pvc cxob 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 n‡j, w¯’wZ¯’vcK ¸Yv¼ wbY©q Ki|
2| GKwU Kswµ‡Ui bgybvi m‡e©v”P Pvckw³ 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 Ges GKK IRb 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒎𝟑| w÷‡ji gWzjvm Ae Bjvw÷wmwU, 𝑬𝑺 =
𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 n‡j gWzivi †iwkI wbY©q Ki|
3| Kswµ‡Ui GKK IRb 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝒍𝒃/𝒇𝒕𝟑 Ges m‡e©v”P cxob 𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒑𝒔𝒊 n‡j Kswµ‡Ui Bqs gWzjvm KZ?
4| GKwU Av`©k KswµU wKDe bgybv BDwbfvm©vj †Uw÷s †gwkb cixÿv Kivi mgq 𝟓𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵 ‡jv‡W P‚Y© Kiv n‡jv, Kswµ‡Ui 𝒇′𝒄 Gi gvb
wbY©q Ki|

4
5| GKwU AvqZvKvi Aviwmwm we‡gi cÖ¯’ 25 cm Ges Kvh©Kix MfxiZv 50 cm n‡j gm„Y I Agm„Y Dfq †ÿ‡Î wiBb‡dvm©‡g‡›Ui b~¨bZg
†ÿÎdj wb©Y©q Ki|

6| wb‡Pi Z_¨vw`i mvnv‡h¨ AvqZvKvi RCC wegwUi wbi‡cÿ A‡ÿi Ae¯’vi wbY©q Ki|
Z_¨vw` t 𝒃 = 𝟐𝟓 𝒄𝒎, 𝒅 = 𝟒𝟎 𝒄𝒎, 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎 Ges 𝑨𝑺 = 𝟒 wU 𝟏𝟔 𝒎𝒎 e¨v‡mi iW|
7| GKwU AvqZvKvi we‡gi cÖ¯’ 𝟐𝟓 𝒄𝒎 Ges Kvh©Kix MfxiZv 𝟓𝟎 𝒄𝒎| G‡Z 𝟓 wU 𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝒎 e¨v‡mi iW cÖavb evi wnmv‡e e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q|
hw` 𝒏=𝟗 Ges Av‡ivwcZ †evwÛs †gv‡g‡›Ui gvb 𝟕𝟎𝟕𝟏𝟒𝟑 𝒌𝒈−𝒄𝒎 nq, Z‡e Gi wbi‡cÿ A‡ÿi Ae¯’vb wbY©q Ki|
8| GKwU mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ Ux-we‡gi ¯ú¨vb 𝟔 wgUvi| †d¬‡Äi cÖ¯’ 𝟏𝟓𝟎 ‡mwg, cyiæZ¡ 𝟏𝟓 𝒄𝒎 Ges I‡q‡ei cÖ¯’ 𝟐𝟓 ‡mwg| hw` wegwU‡Z
cÖavb wiBb‡dvm©‡g›U wnmv‡e 𝟒 − 𝟐𝟓 wgwj e¨v‡mi iW GK mvwo‡Z ¯’vwcZ Ges we‡gi Kvh©Kix MfxiZv 𝟓𝟎 ‡mwg nq, Z‡e weg cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i
wbi‡cÿ A‡ÿi Ae¯’vb wbY©q Ki| 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎
9| GKwU AvqZvKvi we‡gi cÖ¯’ 𝟑𝟎 𝒄𝒎 Ges Kvh©Kix MfxiZv 𝟓𝟎 𝒄𝒎 wegwU‡Z 𝟓 wU 𝟏𝟗 𝒎𝒎 e¨v‡mi iW cÖavb wiBb‡dvm©‡g›U wnmv‡e
e¨eüZ Av‡Q| wegwUi m‡e©v”P †ewÛs ‡gv‡g›U 𝟏𝟑, 𝟖𝟎𝟎 ‡KwR-wgUvi Ges 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎 nq, Z‡e 𝒇𝒄 Ges 𝒇𝑺 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| hw` KswµU
Ges w÷j Gi Aby‡gv`b‡hvM¨ cxob h_vµ‡g 𝟗𝟓 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 Ges 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 nq, Z‡e wgewU wbivc‡` _vK‡e Kx?
10| GKwU 𝟓 𝒎 ¯ú¨vb wewkó we‡gi cÖ¯’ 𝟐𝟎 𝒄𝒎, †gvU MfxiZv 𝟒𝟎 𝒄𝒎, wegwU‡Z 𝟒 − 𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝒎 iW e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| Gi cÖwZ wgUvi
ˆ`‡N©¨ 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 ‡jvW Av‡ivwcZ Av‡Q Ges 𝒏 = 𝟗. Kswµ‡Ui Aby‡gv`b‡hvM¨ cxob, 𝒇𝒄 = 𝟗𝟒. 𝟓 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 w÷‡ji Aby‡gv`b‡hvM¨
cxob, 𝒇𝒔 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 n‡j wegwU wbivc` wKbv †`LvI|

11| GKwU mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ AvqZvKvi we‡gi Kvh©Kix MfxiZv 𝟓𝟎 ‡mwg Ges cÖ¯’ 𝟐𝟓 ‡mwg| wegwUi ˆ`N©¨ 𝟔. 𝟓 wgUvi Ges G‡Z
cÖwZwgUvi ˆ`‡N©¨ wbR¯^ IRbmn 𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟎 ‡KwR mgwe¯Í…Z †jvW enb K‡i| hw` 𝒗𝑪 = 𝟔 ‡KwR/eM© †mwg nq, Z‡e wegwU‡Z w÷ivc e¨env‡ii
cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q wK? 𝑾𝑺𝑫 c×wZ‡Z mgvavb Ki|
12| GKwU mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ we‡gi cÖ¯’ 𝟐𝟓 𝒄𝒎,Kvh©Kix MfxiZv 𝟒𝟓 𝒄𝒎 Ges ¯ú¨vb ‰`N©¨ 𝟔. 𝟓 𝒎 wegwU‡Z wbR¯^ IRbmn †gvU
𝟏𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 ‡jvW enb Ki‡Q| hw` Kswµ‡Ui m‡e©v”P cxob 𝟐𝟏𝟏 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 nq, Z‡e wegwU‡Z I‡qe wiBb‡dvm©‡g‡›Ui cÖ‡qvRb n‡e
Kx?
13| GKwU mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ AvqZvKvi we‡gi cÖ¯’ 𝟏𝟐" Kvh©Kix MfxiZv 𝟐𝟎" Ges ¯ú¨vb 𝟐𝟓 𝒇𝒕 wegwUi wbR¯^ IRbmn †gvU 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃
‡jvW Av‡ivwcZ Av‡Q| hw` Kswµ‡Ui m‡e©v”P cxob 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒑𝒔𝒊 nq Z‡e wegwU‡Z I‡qe wiBb‡dvm©‡g›U jvM‡e wK bv?
14| 𝟓 𝒎 ¯ú¨vb wewkó mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ GKwU RCC AvqZvKvi we‡gi cÖwZwgUvi ‰`‡N©¨ wbR¯^ IRbmn 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 ‡WW †jvW Ges
𝟏𝟕𝟎𝟎 ‡KwR jvBf †jvW Av‡ivwcZ| wegwUi cÖ¯’ 𝟐𝟓 𝒄𝒎, ‡gvU MfxiZv 𝟓𝟎 𝒄𝒎 Ges †gvU Kfvwis 𝟓 𝒄𝒎 n‡j USD c×wZ‡Z Drcbœ
wkqvi cxo‡bi gvb wbY©q Ki Ges m‡e©v”P wkqvi cxob 𝟐𝟏𝟏 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 nq Z‡e w÷ivc jvM‡e wK bv?

15| GKwU mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ we‡gi Kvh©Kix MfxiZv 𝟓𝟎 †mwg Ges cÖ¯’ 𝟑𝟎 †mwg| wegwUi ˆ`N©¨ 𝟔 wgUvi Ges G‡Z cÖwZ wgUvi ˆ`‡N©¨
wbR¯^ IRbmn 𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟎 †KwR mgwe¯Í…Z fi enb K‡i| hw` 𝐯𝐜 = 𝟒. 𝟐𝟎 ‡KwR/eM©‡mwg, 𝒇𝐯 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 ‡KwR/eM©‡mwg nq, Z‡e wegwUi
w÷ivc jvM‡e wK? jvM‡j wWRvBb K‡i †`LvI|
16| GKwU m¤ú~Y© Awew”Qbœ Aviwmwm AvqZvKvi we‡gi Span 𝟔 𝐦, cÖ¯’ 𝟐𝟓 𝐜𝐦, Kvh©Kix MfxiZv 𝟓𝟎 𝐜𝐦 Ges Kfvwis 𝟓 𝐜𝐦. wegwUi
Dci cÖwZwgUvi ‰`‡N©¨ wbR¯^ IRbmn 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐤𝐠 †jvW mgfv‡e we¯Í…Z Av‡Q| hw` 𝒇𝐯 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝐤𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟐 Ges 𝐕𝐜 = 𝟒. 𝟓 𝐤𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟐
nq Z‡e wegwU‡Z 𝐒𝐭𝐢𝐫𝐫𝐮𝐩 𝐖𝐒𝐃 c×wZ‡Z wWRvBb K‡i ‡`LvI|
17| GKwU avivevwnK we‡gi cÖvšÍ ¯ú¨vb 𝟔 wgUvi| GwUi Dci wbR¯^ IRbmn 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 †KwR †jvW mgfv‡e we¯Í…Z| wegwU‡Z Stirrup
jvM‡e wK? Z_¨vw` t 𝒇𝐬 = 𝟏𝟒𝟏𝟎 𝐤𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟐 , 𝒇′ 𝐜 = 𝟐𝟏𝟏 𝐤𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟐 , 𝒇𝐯 = 𝟏𝟐𝟖𝟎 𝐤𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟐 , 𝐧 = 𝟏𝟎
18| GKwU we‡gi cÖ¯’ 𝟐𝟓 𝐜𝐦, MfxiZv 𝟓𝟎 𝐜𝐦 I ˆ`N©¨ 𝟓. 𝟓 𝐦. wegwU mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ I wbR¯^ IRbmn we‡g 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝐤𝐠/𝐦
wbðj fi Ges 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐤𝐠/𝐦 mPj fi Av‡Q| 𝒇𝐜 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎 𝐤𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟐 Ges 𝒇𝐲 = 𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝐤𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟐 n‡j we‡g I‡qe wiBb‡dvm©‡g›U
jvM‡e wK bv? jvM‡j 𝐔𝐒𝐃 c×wZ‡Z wWRvBb Ki|

19| GKwU K¨vw›Uwjfvi we‡g 𝟒 wU 𝟏𝟗𝒎𝒎 e¨v‡mi iW e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` 𝒇𝒔 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 Ges 𝒇′𝒄 =
𝟐𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 nq, Z‡e iWwUi A¨vsK‡iR ˆ`N¨© wbY©q Ki|

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20| GKwU mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ we‡gi ˆ`N©¨ 𝟓. 𝟓𝒎, cÖ¯’ 𝟑𝟎 cm, Ges Kvh©Kix MfxiZv 50 cm| wegwU‡Z wbR¯^ IRbmn cÖwZ wgUv‡i
3200 kg ‡jvW mgfv‡e we¯Í…Z Av‡Q| wegwU‡Z 3 wU 25 mm e¨v‡mi iW e¨envi Ki‡Z wegwU eÛ cxo‡b wbivc` wKbv †`LvI| Z_¨vw` t
𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒇𝒔 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎,

21| GKwU m¤ú~Y© Awew”Qb/cy‡ivcywi Awew”Qb/Awew”Qbœ AvqZvKvi we‡gi ga¨eZ©x ¯ú¨vb ˆ`N©¨ 𝟔. 𝟓𝟎𝒎 wegwUi Ici wbR¯^ IRbmn cÖwZ
wgUv‡i 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 ‡jvW we`¨gvb _vK‡j wb‡Pi Z_¨vw`i wfwˇZ wegwUi AvKvi I cÖavb †jvnvi cwigvc wbY©q Ki|
Z_¨vw` t 𝒇𝑺 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒇𝑪 = 𝟐𝟏𝟏𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎.
22| GKwU AvqZvKvi we‡gi cÖ¯’ 𝟑𝟎𝒄𝒎 I Kvh©Kix MfxiZv 𝟓𝟓𝒄𝒎| wegwU‡Z 5wU 𝟏𝟗𝒎𝒎 e¨v‡mi cÖavb iW Av‡Q| Kswµ‡Ui 24
w`‡bi m‡e©v”P cxob 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 w÷‡ji Aby‡gv`b‡hvM¨ cxob 𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 Ges 𝒏 = 𝟗 n‡j cÖwZ‡ivax †gv‡g›U wbY©q Ki|
23| GKwU mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ AvqZvKvi RCC beam Gi MÖnY‡hvM¨ cÖwZ‡ivax †gv‡g›U Ges wbR¯^ IRb Qvov cÖwZ wgUvi ˆ`N©¨ we¯Í…Z
†jv‡Wi cwigvY wbiƒcb Ki| Z_¨vw` t, ¯ú¨vb 𝑳 = 𝟔𝒎, 𝒃 = 𝟐𝟓 𝒄𝒎, 𝒅 = 𝟓𝟎𝒄𝒎, 𝑨𝑺 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟒𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒇𝑪 = 𝟕𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 ,
𝒇𝑺 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒏 = 𝟗
24| GKwU mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ AvqZvKvi we‡gi ˆ`N©¨ 𝟔𝒎 Ges wbR¯^ IRb ev‡` cÖwZwgUv‡i 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 †KwR †jvW mgfv‡e we¯Í…Z Av‡Q| wb‡¤œi
Z_¨vewji mvnv‡h¨ AvqZvKvi wegwUi AvKvi I †jvnvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
Z_¨vw` t 𝒇𝑺 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒇𝑪 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎.
25| wP‡Î †`Lv‡bv RCC we‡gi (Cantilever) cÖ¯’ 𝟐𝟎𝒄𝒎. ‡jvnvi I Kswµ‡Ui Aby‡gvw`Z cxob h_vµ‡g 𝟏𝟒𝟎 𝑵/𝒎𝒎𝟐 Ges
𝟏𝟎 𝑵/𝒎𝒎𝟐 Ges gWzjvi †iwkI 𝟏𝟓 n‡j e¨vjvÝW †mKk‡bi Rb¨ Kvh©Kix MfxiZv I †jvnvi cwigvY †ei Ki| [wbR¯^ IRbmn]
26| GKwU mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ AvqZvKvi we‡gi ˆ`N©¨ 𝟔 wgUvi| wegwUi Dci cÖwZ wgUvi ˆ`‡N©¨ 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟎 †KwR †jvW mgfv‡e we¯Í…Z _vK‡j
wb‡¤œi Z_¨vw`i mvnv‡h¨ AvqZvKvi wegwU wWRvBb Ki|
Z_¨vw` t 𝒇′𝑪 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒇𝑪 = 𝟗𝟒. 𝟓 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒇𝑺 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐
𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎, 𝑽 = 𝟏𝟒 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝑼 = 𝟏𝟓 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝑽𝑪 = 𝟒 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐
27| GKwU †mwg Kw›UwbDqvm we‡gi ¯ú¨vb 𝟓 wgUvi| Gi Ici cÖwZ wgUv‡i 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 †KwR †jvW Av‡ivwcZ n‡j wb‡Pi Z_¨vw`i mvnv‡h¨
AvqZvKvi wegwUi cÖvšÍ ¯ú¨v‡b w÷iv‡ci cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q Kx? hw` _v‡K, Z‡e wWRvBb K‡i †`LvI|
Z_¨vw` t 𝒇𝑺 = 𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒇𝑪 = 𝟗𝟒. 𝟓 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎
𝑽𝑪 = 𝟒. 𝟐 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝑽 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟖 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒖 = 𝟐𝟔 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐

28| GKwU mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ we‡gi ¯ú¨vb 𝟔. 𝟓 wgUvi| wegwUi cÖwZ wgUvi ˆ`‡N©¨ 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎 †KwR wbðj fvi Ges 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 †KwR mPj fvi
Av‡ivwcZ| 𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟐𝟏𝟏 𝐤𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟐 , 𝒇𝒚 = 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝐤𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟐 n‡j we‡gi AvKvi I cÖavb †jvnvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
29| GKwU mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ AvqZvKvi we‡gi Kvh©Kix ¯ú¨v‡bi ˆ`N©¨ 𝟔 wgUvi| wegwU wbR¯^ IRbmn cÖwZ wgUv‡i †WW †jvW 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎
†KwR I jvBf †jvW 𝟐𝟗𝟓𝟎 †KwR| hw` 𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟐𝟖𝟏 ‡KwR/eM© ‡mwg, 𝐧 = 𝟏𝟎, 𝒇𝒚 = 𝟒𝟐𝟎𝟎 ‡KwR/eM©‡mwg nq, Z‡e wegwUi MfxiZv
I †jvnvi cwigvY 𝐔𝐒𝐃 c×wZ‡Z wbY©q Ki| Z_¨vw`, 𝛃𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓, 𝛟 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎
30| GKwU AvqZvKvi we‡gi cÖ¯’ 𝟐𝟓 †mwg Ges Kvh©Kix MfxiZv 𝟓𝟎 †mwg| G‡Z 𝟑 wU 𝟐𝟓 wgwg e¨v‡mi iW e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| 𝒇′𝒄 =
𝟐𝟏𝟎 ‡KwR/eM© ‡mwg Ges 𝒇𝒚 = 𝟐𝟖𝟏𝟎 ‡KwR/eM© †mwg n‡j we‡gi Avwë‡gU †gv‡g›U ÿgZv wbiƒcY Ki|
31| GKwU Awew”Qbœ AvqZvKvi 𝐑𝐂𝐂 we‡gi ¯ú¨vb 𝟔 wgUvi| wegwUi Ici wbR¯^ IRbmn cÖwZ wgUvi ˆ`‡N©¨ 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 †KwR wbðj fvi Ges
𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 †KwR mPj fvi Av‡Q| wb‡Pi Z_¨vw`i mvnv‡h¨ 𝐔𝐒𝐃 c×wZ‡Z wegwUi µm †mKkb I cÖavb †jvnvi cwigvY †ei Ki|
Z_¨vw` t 𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎 𝐤𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟐 , 𝒇𝒚 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝐤𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟐 , 𝜷𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓, 𝛟 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎
32| GKwU AvswkK Awew”Qbœ we‡gi ¯ú¨vb ˆ`N©¨ 𝟔 wgUvi| wegwU‡Z cÖwZ wgUvi ˆ`N©¨ wbR¯^ IRbmn 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 †KwR wbðj fvi Ges 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎
†KwR mPj fvi Av‡ivwcZ| 𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟐𝟏𝟏 𝐤𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟐 , 𝒇𝒚 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐤𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟐 n‡j 𝐔𝐒𝐃 c×wZ‡Z we‡gi AvKvi I cÖavb †jvnvi
cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
33| mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ GKwU AvqZvKvi we‡gi ¯ú¨vb 6 wgUvi| wegwUi cÖwZ wgUvi ˆ`‡N¨© 1800 ‡KwR wbðj fi Ges 2000 ‡KwR mPj
fi Av‡ivwcZ| wb‡¤œi Z_¨vw`i mvnv‡h¨ USD c×wZ‡Z wegwU wWRvBb Ki| Z_¨vw` t 𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎 ‡KwR/eM© †mwg, 𝒇𝒚 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎
‡KwR/eM© ‡mwg, 𝑽𝒄𝒖 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟑 𝝓 √𝒇′𝒄′ , 𝑼𝒂𝒍𝒍 = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟗 √𝒇′𝒄 A_ev 56.2 ‡KwR/eM© †mwg A‡cÿv †ewk bq|

34| 𝟐𝟓 𝒄𝒎×𝟒𝟓 𝒄𝒎 AvKv‡ii GKwU K¨vw›Uwjfvi we‡gi ˆ`N©¨ 𝟐.𝟐𝟓 𝒎| wbR¯^ IRb Qvov cÖwZ wgUv‡i 𝟖𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝒈 ‡jvW enb Ki‡j
wb¤œwjwLZ Z_¨vw`i wfwˇZ m‡e©v”P wkqvi †dvm© I †gv‡g›U wbY©q Ki|

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35| 𝟑 wgUvi ¯ú¨vb wewkó GKwU AvqZvKvi K¨vw›Uwjfvi we‡gi wbR¯^ IRb Qvov cÖwZ wgUv‡i 𝟕𝟎𝟎 ‡KwR †jvW mgfv‡e we¯Í…Z Av‡Q|
wb‡¤œi Z_¨vw`i mvnv‡h¨ wegwU wWRvBb Ki|
36| GKwU AvqZvKvi we‡gi mv‡cvU© ؇qi ga¨eZ©x `~iZ¡ 𝟔 wgUvi Ges Dnvi Wvb w`‡K 𝟏. 𝟓 wgUvi SzjšÍ Ae¯’vq Av‡Q| wegwUi Dci Gi
wbR¯^ IRb Qvov cÖwZwgUvi ˆ`‡N©¨ 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 ‡KwR IRb mgfv‡e we¯Í…Z| wb‡¤œi Z_¨vw`i mvnv‡h¨ AvqZvKvi wegwU wWRvBb Ki|
Z_¨vw` t 𝒇𝒔 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎

37| GKwU we‡gi ¯ú¨vb ‰`N©¨ 6 wgUvi, ¯ø¨v‡ei cyiæZ¡ 15 cm, I‡q‡ei cÖ¯’ 30, we‡gi †K›`ª n‡Z †K›`ª ch©šÍ `~iZ¡ 3 wgUvi| we‡gi †d¬‡Äi
we¯’vi wbY©q Ki|
38| 5 wgUvi j¤^v mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ GKwU T-we‡gi †jvnvi msL¨v I AvKvi wbY©q Ki| †`Iqv Av‡Q ¯ø¨v‡ei MfxiZv = 12 cm, cvkvcvwk
we‡gi `~iZ¡ = 3 m, fs = 1450 kg/cm2, fc = 210 kg/cm2, n = 9
39| 6 m × 𝟓 m cwigv‡ci GKwU K‡ÿ 5 m eivei Ux-exg wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡j wb¤œwjwLZ Z_¨vw`i mvnv‡h¨ wU wU-wegwUi AvKvi I †jvnvi
cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
Z_¨vw` t Rce Qv‡`i cyiæZ¡ 15 cm RjQv‡`i cyiæZ¡ = 7.5 cm jvBf †jvW = 490 kg/n2, fS = 1350 kg/cm2, fC = 902 kg/cm2,
V = 15 kg/cm2, VC = 4.2 kg/cm2, u = 12 kg/cm2, n = 10,
40| GKwU m¤ú~Y© wew”Qbœfv‡e ¯’vwcZ Aviwmwm Ux-we‡gi ¯ú¨vb 5 wgUvi| ¯ø¨v‡ei cyiæZ¡ 12 ‡mwg, hvi Dciw¯’Z jvBf †jvW 500 ‡KwR/eM©
wgUvi| cvkvcvwk weg¸‡jvi †K›`ª n‡Z †K›`ª `~iZ¡ 4 wgUvi| wb‡¤œi Z_¨vw`i mvnv‡h¨ wegwU wWRvBb Ki|
Z_¨vw` t 𝒇`𝒄 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒇𝒔 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒗 = 𝟏𝟕 𝒌𝒈/𝒎𝟐, 𝒖 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟖 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒏 = 𝟗, 𝒗𝒄 =
𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟐 √𝒇`𝒄 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , Kswµ‡Ui GKK IRb = 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒎𝟑

41| 𝟔𝒎 Kvh©Kix ¯ú¨vb wewkó GKwU mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ we‡gi mxwgZ cÖ¯’‡”Q` 𝟑𝟎𝒄𝒎 × 𝟓𝟎𝒄𝒎 we‡gi wbR¯^ IRb e¨ZxZ cÖwZwgUvi
ˆ`‡N©¨ 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈 Av‡ivwcZ _vK‡j cÖavb †jvnvi cwigvc wWRvBb Ki|
Z_¨vw` t 𝒇𝒄 = 𝟗𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒇𝒔 = 𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒅′ = 𝟓𝒄𝒎, 𝒏 = 𝟓
42| GKwU mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ AvqZvKvi we‡gi ˆ`N©¨ 𝟔𝒎 Ges Dnvi Dci we‡gi wbR¯^ IRb Qvov cÖwZ wgUvi ˆ`‡N©¨ 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈 IRb
c‡o| hw` wegwUi µg †mKkb 𝟑𝟎𝒄𝒎 × 𝟓𝟎𝒄𝒎 G mxwgZ ivLv nq, Z‡e wb‡¤œi Z_¨vw`i mvnv‡h¨ wegwUi †UbmvBj I K‡¤úªwmf w÷‡ji
cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
Z_¨vw` t 𝒇𝒔 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎, Kfvwis 𝟓𝒄𝒎.
Z_¨vw` t 𝒇𝒔 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒇𝒄 = 𝟗𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒏 = 𝟗, 𝑽𝒄 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐, 𝒇𝒗 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , mPj fvi
(𝑳. 𝑳) = 𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒎, Kfvwis 𝟓𝒄𝒎.
43| mvaviYfv‡e ¯’vwcZ GKwU RCC we‡gi ¯ú¨vb 𝟕. 𝟎𝒎 Ges we‡gi AvKvi 𝟐𝟓𝒄𝒎 × 𝟓𝟎𝒄𝒎 Gi g‡a¨ mxgv× ivL‡Z n‡e| Z‡e wb‡Pi
A_¨vw`i mvnv‡h¨ wegwU wWRvBb Ki| Z_¨vw` t 𝒇𝒔 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 𝑳𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 = 𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 ,
𝒏=𝟗
44| GKwU AvswkK Awew”Qbœ cÖv‡šÍ we‡gi ¯ú¨vb ˆ`N©¨ 𝟔. 𝟎 wgUvi| wegwUi 𝟐𝟓 †mwg Ges MfxiZv 𝟓𝟎 †mwg G mxgveÏ ivL‡Z n‡e| wbR¯^
IRb Qvov wegwUi Ici cÖwZ wgUv‡i 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 †KwR †jvW mgfv‡e we¯Í…Z Av‡Q| wb‡Pi Z_¨vw`i mvnv‡h¨ wegwUi †jvnvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
Z_¨vw` t 𝒇𝒔 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒇′𝒄 − 𝟏𝟕𝟓𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐, 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎
45| m¤ú~Y© Awew”Qbœ we‡gi ˆ`N©¨ 𝟓. 𝟓 wg. cÖ¯’ 𝟐𝟓 †mwg, †gvU MfxiZv 𝟓𝟎 †mwg. wbR¯^ IRbmn cÖwZ wgUv‡i 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈 ej Qov‡bv Av‡Q|
wb‡Pi Z_¨vw`i mvnv‡h¨ Wvej wiBb‡dvm©W wegwU wWRvBb Ki|
Z_¨vw` t 𝒇𝒔 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐𝟓 , 𝒇𝒄 = 𝟗𝟓𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒏 = 𝟗.
Z_¨vw` t 𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒇𝒄 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒏 = 𝟗, 𝑽𝒄 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝑽 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟐𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒅′ =
𝟓𝒄𝒎.
46| 𝟐𝟓 †mwg cyiæ B‡Ui †`Iqvjwewkó GKwU K‡ÿi Rvbvjvi PIov 𝟐. 𝟏𝟓 wgUvi| Rvbvjvi Dci †`Iqv‡ji D”PZv I wgUvi n‡j wb¤œwjwLZ
Z_¨vw`i mvnv‡h¨ wj‡›UjwU wWRvBb Kiv| evKvwk‡ev- 2007, 19Õcwi, 20, 21Õcwi
47| 𝟐𝟓𝒄𝒎 cyiæ B‡Ui †`qv‡ji GKwU K‡ÿi Rvbvjvi †Lvjv cwim‡ii gvc 𝟐. 𝟎 wgUvi| wj‡›U‡ji Dci¯’ †`qv‡ji D”PZv 𝟏. 𝟓 wgUvi|
Ges 𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒇𝒔 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎, 𝑽𝒄 = 𝟒. 𝟐𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 n‡j Rvbvjvi Dc‡i wbwg©Z Aviwmwm
wj‡›UjwU wWRvBb Ki|