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    Chemical Reaction and Equation 1

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    Chemical Reaction and Equation 1

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    Chemical Reaction and Equation 1

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    Kartikey academy

    Chemical reaction and equations


    Chemical reactions are the processes in which new substances with new properties are formed.

    For ex ; magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide


    OBSERVATON
    2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
    • Dazzling flame
    • White powder
    Reactants Products

    Substances which take part in chemical reaction. New substances produced as a result of chemical
    reaction
    QUES Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air? To remove protective
    layer of basic magnesium carbonate from the surface of magnesium ribbon. It is cleaned by
    using sand paper. So that it burns properly.

    CHARACTERISTICS OF CHEMICAL REACTION EVOLUTION OF GAS

    1 Evolution of gas 3 Change in temperature Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2


    2 Change in state 4 Change in colour
    (SULPHURIC ACID)

    CHEMICAL EQUATION

    The method of representing a chemical reaction with the help of symbols and formulae of the
    substances involved in it is known as chemical equation.

    TYPES OF EQUATION
    Balanced Unbalanced / skeletal

    It has an equal number of atoms of different It has an unequal number of atoms of different
    elements on the both sides. elements on the both sides.
    Need for balancing - As per law of conservation of mass.

    To make equations more informative

    Write physical states like (s) (l) (g) (aq) aq = aqueous solution = water + solution

    Write necessary conditions like temperature, light

    TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTION

    1. Combination reaction

    Such a reaction in which a single product is formed from two or more reactants is called combination
    reaction. For ex CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2

    Calcium oxide calcium hydroxide

    Quick lime slaked lime

    White washing

    When slaked lime put on walls

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    Ca(OH)2 + H2O → CaCO3 + H2O
    Calcium carbonate
    White shiny surface
    Exothermic reaction Endothermic reaction

    Those reactions in which heat is released are called Those reactions in which heat is absorbed are
    exothermic reaction. called endothermic reaction.
    All combustion and combination reaction are All decomposition reactions are endothermic
    exothermic reaction. For ex reaction. For ex
    Burning of natural gas Photosynthesis
    CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O Electrolysis of water
    (Methane) CaCO3 + heat → CaO + O2
    Respiration (breaking down of glucose)
    C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6O2 + 6H2O + energy
    Glucose
    Decompose of vegetable matter into compost.

    2. Decomposition reaction (opposite of combination reaction)


    Such a reaction in which a single reactant breaks down to give simpler products.
    CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
    Thermal decomposition Electrical decomposition Photo decomposition
    When a decomposition reaction When a decomposition reaction When a decomposition reaction
    is carried out by heating is called is carried out by electricity is is carried out by sunlight is
    thermal decomposition reaction. called electrical decomposition called photo decomposition
    2FeSO4 → Fe2O3+ SO2 +SO3 reaction. reaction.
    ferrous (ferric oxide) (sulphur (sulphur 2H2O → 2H2 + O2 2AgCl → 2Ag + Cl2
    sulphate (brown ) dioxide) trioxide) Cathode (-) hydrogen 2AgBr → 2Ag +Br2
    (green) (gas smell odour) Anode(+) oxygen These reactions are used in
    black and white photography.
    2Pb(NO3)2 → 2PbO +4NO2 +O2 Electrolysis of water shows that
    water is a compound made up AgCl is kept in black coloured
    lead nitrate lead oxide nitrogen of two parts of hydrogen and bottles to prevent it from
    colourless yellow dioxide one part of oxygen by their decompose. Because it exposes
    brown fumes volume. that’ s why the gas in sunlight.
    CaCO3→ CaO + CO2 collected at electrode in the
    2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2 ratio of 2:1 by their volume.
    (potassium
    Chlorate)

    3. Displacement reaction
    Those reaction in which highly reactive element displace less reactive element is called
    displacement reaction. FOR EX-

    • CuSO 4 + Fe → FeSO4 + Cu (Fe turn red


    brown)
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    ( Copper sulphate ( Ferrous sulphate
    Blue ) greenish )

    • CuSO4 + Zn → ZnSO4 + Cu
    Blue colourless

    • CuCl2 + Pb → PbCl2 + Cu
    Green colourless

    • 2AgNO3 + Cu → Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag


    Colourless blue
    4. Double displacement reaction
    Those reaction in which exchange of ion take place is called double displacement reaction.

    • Any reaction in which insoluble substance (percipitate) is formed is called


    precipitation reaction.
    Examples-
    • AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
    White ppt.

    • BaCl2 + Na2SO4 → BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)


    White ppt.

    • Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI → PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)


    Yellow ppt.

    • CuSO4 + H2S → CuS(s) + H2SO4(aq)


    Black ppt.
    Oxidation Reduction
    Addition of oxygen to a substance and removal of Addition of hydrogen to a substance and removal
    hydrogen from a substance is called oxidation. of hydrogen from a substance is called reduction.
    2Cu + O2 → 2CuO
    Black Addition of metallic element and removal of non -
    metallic element is called reduction.
    Addition of non - metallic element and removal of
    metallic element is called oxidation.
    When oxidation and reduction take place together is called REDOX REACTION.

    Substance which gets oxidised is the Substance which gets reduced is the OXIDISING AGENT.
    REDUCING AGENT.

    EXAMPLES ARE GIVEN BELOW-

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    CuO + H2 → Cu + H2 ZnO + C → Zn + CO 4Na + O2 → 2Na2O MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + Cl2 +H2O

    SO - H2 SO - C SO - Na SO - HCl SUBSTANCE OXIDISED


    SR - CuO SR - ZnO SR - O2 SR - MnO2 SUBSTANCE REDUCED
    OA - CuO OA - ZnO OA - O2 OA - MnO2 OXIDISING AGENT
    RA - H2 RA - C RA - Na RA - HCl REDUCING AGENT

    CORROSION
    When a metal is attacked by substances around it such as moisture, acids etc. it is said to
    be corrode and this process is called corrosion.
    Black coating silver
    Rusting of iron is the most common form of corrosion.
    Green coating copper
    4Fe + 3O2 + 2xH2O → 2Fe2O3.xH2O
    Reddish brown coating iron
    Hydrated iron (iii) oxide rust
    Corrosion causes damage to car bodies, bridges and to all objects made of metals.

    RANCIDITY
    It is the process in which oil and fat containing food items get oxidised and give
    unpleasant smell and taste is called rancidity.
    Food can be prevented (retarded) from rancidity by

    • By keeping food in refrigerator.


    • By keeping food in air tight container.
    • By storing food away from light.
    • By packing fat and oil containing foods in nitrogen gas.

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