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dictionaryt in python

Uploaded by

MGK ART'S madhukumar gk
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Yogesh Tyagi

@ytyagi782

Dictionary
in Python
ehensive Guide
A Compr
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Dictionaries in Python: A
Comprehensive Guide

Learn how to efficiently store, access, and


manipulate key-value pairs using Python
dictionaries.
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

What is a Dictionary in
Python?
A dictionary is a collection data type in Python that
stores data in key-value pairs.

Ordered: Unique identifiers that must be immutable (e.g.,


strings, numbers, tuples).

Values: Data associated with keys, which can be of any


data type.

Example

Dictionaries are They are


Key unordered (until mutable, allowing Fast lookups
Python 3.7; now modification of
Features they maintain keys and values.
using keys.
insertion order).
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Creating a Dictionary

Using Curly Braces ({})

Using the dict() Constructor

Creating an Empty Dictionary

From a List of Tuples


Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Accessing Dictionary
Values
Access dictionary values using their keys
with square brackets or the get() method.

Examples

Key Notes

Using a nonexistent key with square brackets raises a KeyError.


The get() method allows specifying a default value if the key doesn’t exist
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Adding and Modifying


Elements
Dictionaries are mutable, so you can
add or update key-value pairs.

Examples
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Removing Elements
from a Dictionary
Python provides multiple ways to remove
elements from a dictionary.

Removes a key and


Using pop() returns its value.

Deletes a key-
Using del value pair.

Removes the last


Using inserted key-value
popitem() pair (from Python
3.7+).

Removes all
Using clear() elements from
the dictionary.
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Checking for Keys in a


Dictionary
Use the in operator to check if a key exists in a
dictionary.

Examples

Key Notes:
The in operator checks for keys, not values.
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Iterating Through a
Dictionary
Dictionaries can be iterated to access keys,
values, or both.

Iterate over keys

Iterate over values

Iterate over key-value pairs


Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Dictionary Methods

Dictionaries can be iterated to


access keys, values, or both.

Method Description Example

Returns all keys in the


keys() dictionary.
person.keys() → dict_keys(['name', 'age'])

values() Returns all values in the person.values() → dict_values(['Alice', 30])


dictionary.

Returns all key-value person.items() → dict_items([('name', 'Alice'),


items() pairs as tuples. ('age', 30)])

Updates dictionary with


update() another dictionary.
person.update({"city": "New York"})

Returns a shallow copy of


update() the dictionary.
new_person = person.copy()
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Dictionary
Comprehension
Dictionary comprehensions provide a concise
way to create dictionaries.

Syntax

Examples

1. Create a dictionary of squares:

2. Filter a dictionary:
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Nested Dictionaries

Dictionaries can contain other dictionaries,


allowing hierarchical data representation.

Examples

1. Create a dictionary of squares:

Use Cases: Representing structured data like


JSON.
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Merging Dictionaries

From Python 3.9+, use the | operator to merge


dictionaries.

Example

For earlier versions, use update().


Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Common Errors with


Dictionaries
Tuples are iterable, allowing you to use loops to
access their elements.
KeyError:
Accessing a nonexistent key.

TypeError:
Using mutable types as keys.

ValueError:
Misusing methods like update().

Best Practices

Use .get() to avoid KeyError.


Ensure keys are immutable.
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Use Cases for


Dictionaries
Tuples are iterable, allowing you to use loops to
access their elements.

1. Storing Data with Unique Identifiers:

Example: A phone book with names as keys and numbers as values.

2. Counting Occurrences:

Example: Counting word frequency in a string.

3. Mapping Relationships:

Example: Representing graph nodes and edges.


Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Wrap-Up

"Master Dictionaries for Efficient Data


Management in Python"

Dictionaries are a versatile and powerful data structure for


managing key-value pairs. With features like nested
dictionaries, comprehension, and fast lookups, they are
essential for Python programming. Practice using dictionaries
in real-world scenarios for better understanding!
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

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