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THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING, MYSURU
DEPARTMENT of ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
EXPERENTIAL LEARNING REPORT

ON
PID temperature control
Submitted by:
Rakshita [4NI22EC074]
Shreya B Patil [4NI22EC099]
Shrinidhi S Gada [4NI22EC102]
Sinchana Ganapati Hegde [4NI22EC103]
5th Semester, B.E.,

Department of Electronics and
Communication engineeringThe National
Institute of Engineering
Mysuru-570008
Submitted to:
Dr. Vijay B T
Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru
1
INDEX
1. Abstract………………………………………….3
2. Introduction……………………………………….3
3. Detailed Explanation……………………………...4
4. Implementation……………………………………5
5. Block diagram explanation(Simulink model)…….6
6. Waveform analysis………………………………..7
7. Application………………………………………...8
8. Conclusion…………………………………………9
2
1. ABSTRACT:
A PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller is a widely used control
system in industrial applications, including temperature regulation. This project
focuses on designing and simulating a PID temperature controller using
Simulink. The objective is to maintain a desired temperature setpoint by
dynamically adjusting the control output based on system feedback.
The simulation employs a mathematical model of a thermal system, with the
PID controller parameters tuned to achieve optimal performance in terms of rise
time, settling time, and overshoot. By leveraging Simulink’s interactive
environment, various scenarios such as setpoint changes and disturbances are
analyzed. This study demonstrates the practical application of control theory in
thermal management and provides insights into tuning methods for real-world
implementations.
2. INTRODUCTION:
Temperature control is essential in many industrial and domestic applications to
ensure system efficiency and safety. PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative)
controllers are widely used for their simplicity and effectiveness in maintaining
desired setpoints. The PID controller adjusts the output by balancing
proportional, integral, and derivative actions to minimize error and respond to
changes in the system.
This project uses Simulink to simulate a PID temperature controller, modeling a
thermal system to evaluate performance under varying conditions. By tuning the
PID parameters, the study demonstrates how to achieve stability, accuracy, and
efficient control, highlighting its practical application in temperature regulation.
3
3. DETAILED EXPLANATION:
A PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller is a closed-loop control
system that continuously monitors the error between a desired setpoint (target
temperature) and the actual system output (current temperature). It adjusts the
control signal to bring the system closer to the setpoint. The working of the PID
controller can be understood by examining its three components:
1. Proportional Control (P):
The proportional term generates a control signal that is directly
proportional to the error (difference between the setpoint and actual
temperature). The proportional gain (Kp) determines the magnitude of
this response. A higher Kp results in a quicker response but may cause
overshoot and oscillations
where e(t) is the error at time ttt.

2. Integral Control (I):
The integral term focuses on eliminating the steady-state error by
considering the cumulative sum of past errors. It adjusts the control
output based on the total error over time. The integral gain (Ki)
influences how quickly the system eliminates the error.
3. Derivative Control (D):

The derivative term predicts future errors by analyzing the rate of change
of the error. It adds a damping effect to the control system, reducing
overshoot and oscillations. The derivative gain (KdK_dKd) controls the
weight of this response.
4
4. Combined PID Output:

The total control signal is the sum of the proportional, integral, and
derivative components:
This signal is sent to the actuator (e.g., a heater or cooler) to adjust the system
and bring it closer to the desired temperature.
4. IMPLEMENTATION:
5
5. Block Diagram Explanation (Simulink Model)
The block diagram is a simulation model of a PID Controller for controlling

temperature using feedback.
Components:
• Set Point (Input):The block labeled 40 (degC) provides the desired
temperature set point.This is the reference input to the system.
• Summing Block (-):It computes the error signal

e(t) = r(t) - y(t)
e(t)= error signal
r(t)= set point (reference input)
y(t) = actual temperature (feedback)
• PID Controller Block (PID or PID(z)):This block represents the

Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller.The PID controller
minimizes the error over time by adjusting its three terms:
P (Proportional): Reacts to the current error magnitude.
I (Integral): Accumulates past errors for correction.
D (Derivative): Predicts future errors based on the rate of error change.
• Temperature Control Lab Block (Heater & Temperature):This block

simulates the physical system where:The heater applies the required
control input (power) as output from the PID.The temperature output is
measured and sent back as feedback.
6
6. Waveform Analysis
The waveform (right panel in the second image) shows the response of the
system under PID control.
Observations:
• Set Point Line (Yellow):This is the desired temperature (40°C).
• System Response (Blue Line):Initially, the temperature starts at a low
value and gradually rises.The system shows an overshoot where the
temperature exceeds the set point before settling.After some oscillations,
the temperature starts to stabilize.
• Error Correction (Red Line):The error signal decreases as the PID
controller compensates for the deviation.
Key Features:
• Overshoot: A common effect of PID controllers due to the initial large
proportional gain.
• Settling Time: The time it takes for the temperature to stabilize around the
set point.
• Oscillations: Reduced over time as the PID controller adjusts the control
input.
In the Simulink model:

➢ The proportional term provides immediate reaction.
➢ The integral term ensures zero steady-state error.
➢ The derivative term anticipates changes to reduce overshoot.
7
The Simulink model demonstrates PID control for temperature

regulation. The waveform reveals:
➢ Initial rise with overshoot.
➢ Oscillations that settle as the PID controller minimizes the error.
➢ Feedback helps maintain the temperature close to the set point.
➢ The PID tuning parameters () significantly impact the performance in
terms of stability, response time, and accuracy.
7. APPLICATIONS
1.Industrial Processes:
Maintaining precise temperatures in processes like chemical reactions,
manufacturing, and food processing.
2. HVAC Systems:
Regulating heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems for energy-
efficient and comfortable environments.
3. Laboratory Equipment:
Controlling temperature in incubators, ovens, and other scientific instruments.
4. Automotive:
Managing engine cooling systems and battery temperature in electric vehicles.
5. Home Appliances:
Temperature control in devices like ovens, refrigerators, and water heaters.
8
8. CONCLUSION
A PID temperature controller in Simulink effectively ensures precise
temperature regulation by minimizing the error between the setpoint and actual
value. It combines proportional, integral, and derivative actions to achieve fast
response, stability, and minimal steady-state error. Simulink offers a user-
friendly platform for design, simulation, and tuning, making it ideal for
optimizing controller performance. This approach is widely applicable in
industries, HVAC systems, and other temperature-sensitive processes.

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THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING, MYSURU

DEPARTMENT of ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

EXPERENTIAL LEARNING REPORT

PID temperature control

5th Semester, B.E.,

5. Block diagram explanation(Simulink model)…….6

where e(t) is the error at time ttt.

3. Derivative Control (D):

4. Combined PID Output:

5. Block Diagram Explanation (Simulink Model)

The block diagram is a simulation model of a PID Controller for controlling

• Summing Block (-):It computes the error signal

• PID Controller Block (PID or PID(z)):This block represents the

• Temperature Control Lab Block (Heater & Temperature):This block

In the Simulink model:

The Simulink model demonstrates PID control for temperature

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