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    German language DOC

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    Jeremiah Seth Breitenbach

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    German language DOC

    Uploaded by

    Jeremiah Seth Breitenbach
    3 views8 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    3 views8 pages

    German language DOC

    Uploaded by

    Jeremiah Seth Breitenbach

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    German language

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    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


    Not to be confused with Germanic languages, High German languages, or Standard
    German.

    German

    Deutsch

    Pronunciati [dɔʏtʃ] ⓘ

    on

    Native to  Germany
     Austria
     Switzerland
     Liechtenstein
     Luxembourg
     Belgium
     Namibia
     South Tyrol
     Alsace

    Speakers L1: 95 million[1]


    L2: 80–85 million (2014)[2]

    Language Indo-European
    family
     Germanic
     West Germanic
     Elbe
    Germanic
     High
    Ger
    man

    G

    Early forms Old High German


     Middle High German
     Early New High
    German

    Standard  Standard
    forms German (German, Swiss
    , Austrian)

    Writing  Since Old High


    system German: Latin
    script (German
    alphabet)
     German Braille
     Until the mid-20th
    century: Hebrew
    alphabet[3][4][5][6][7]

    Signed Signed German


    forms

    Official status

    Official  Germany
    language in  Austria
     Belgium
     Liechtenstein
     Luxembourg
     Switzerland
     Namibia
     South Tyrol
     Various international
    institutions

    Recognised show
    minority
    8 countries
    language in

    Language codes

    ISO 639-1 de

    ISO 639-2 ger (B)


    deu (T)

    ISO 639-3 Variously:


    deu – German
    gmh – Middle High German
    goh – Old High German
    gct – Colonia Tovar German
    bar – Bavarian
    cim – Cimbrian
    geh – Hutterite German
    ksh – Kölsch
    nds – Low German[note 1]
    sli – Lower Silesian
    ltz – Luxembourgish[note 2]
    vmf – Mainfränkisch
    mhn – Mòcheno
    pfl – Palatinate German
    pdc – Pennsylvania Dutch
    pdt – Plautdietsch[note 3]
    swg – Swabian German
    gsw – Swiss German
    uln – Unserdeutsch
    sxu – Upper Saxon
    wae – Walser German
    wep – Westphalian
    hrx – Riograndenser
    Hunsrückisch
    yec – Yenish
    yid – Yiddish

    Glottolog stan1295

    Linguaspher  52-ACB–dl (Standard


    e German)
     52-AC (Continental
    West Germanic)
     52-ACB (Deutsch &
    Dutch)
     52-ACB-d (Central
    German)
     52-ACB-e & -f
    (Upper and Swiss
    German)
     52-ACB-h (Émigré
    German varieties,
    including 52-ACB-hc
    (Hutterite German) &
    52-ACB-he
    (Pennsylvania Dutch))
     52-ACB-i (Yenish)
     Totalling 285 varieties:
    52-ACB-daa to 52-ACB-i

    Majority of German speakers in Central


    Europe
    Minority of German speakers in Central
    Europe

    Official language
    Co-official language
    National language
    Minority language

    This article contains IPA phonetic


    symbols. Without proper rendering support,
    you may see question marks, boxes, or other
    symbols instead of Unicode characters. For
    an introductory guide on IPA symbols,
    see Help:IPA.

    Map of the German diaspora by population:


    Germany
    ≥10,000,000
    ≥1,000,000
    ≥100,000
    ≥10,000
    Man speaking German
    German (German: Deutsch, pronounced [dɔʏtʃ] ⓘ)[10] is a West Germanic
    language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken
    in Western and Central Europe. It is the most spoken native language within
    the European Union. It is the most widely spoken and official (or co-official)
    language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian
    autonomous province of South Tyrol. It is also an official language
    of Luxembourg, Belgium and the Italian autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia,
    as well as a recognized national language in Namibia. There are also notable
    German-speaking communities in France (Alsace), the Czech Republic (North
    Bohemia), Poland (Upper Silesia), Slovakia (Košice Region, Spiš,
    and Hauerland), Denmark (North Schleswig), Romania and Hungary (Sopron).
    Overseas, sizeable communities of German-speakers are found
    in Brazil (Blumenau and Pomerode), South Africa (Kroondal), Namibia, among
    others, some communities have decidedly Austrian German or Swiss
    German characters (e.g. Pozuzo, Peru).
    German is one of the major languages of the world. German is the second-most
    widely spoken Germanic language, after English, both as a first and as a second
    language. German is also widely taught as a foreign language, especially
    in continental Europe (where it is the third most taught foreign language after
    English and French), and in the United States. Overall, German is the fourth most
    commonly learned second language, [11] and the third most commonly learned
    second language in the United States in K-12 education.[12] The language has been
    influential in the fields of philosophy, theology, science, and technology. It is the
    second most commonly used language in science[13] and the third most widely used
    language on websites.[13][14] The German-speaking countries are ranked fifth in terms
    of annual publication of new books, with one-tenth of all books (including e-books)
    in the world being published in German. [15]
    German is most closely related to other West Germanic languages,
    namely Afrikaans, Dutch, English, the Frisian languages, and Scots. It also contains
    close similarities in vocabulary to some languages in the North Germanic group,
    such as Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish. Modern German gradually developed
    from Old High German, which in turn developed from Proto-Germanic during
    the Early Middle Ages.
    German is an inflected language, with four cases for nouns, pronouns, and
    adjectives (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative); three genders (masculine,
    feminine, neuter) and two numbers (singular, plural). It has strong and weak verbs.
    The majority of its vocabulary derives from the ancient Germanic branch of the
    Indo-European language family, while a smaller share is partly derived
    from Latin and Greek, along with fewer words borrowed from French and Modern
    English. English, however, is the main source of more recent loanwords.
    German is a pluricentric language; the three standardized variants
    are German, Austrian, and Swiss Standard German. Standard German is sometimes
    called High German, which refers to its regional origin. German is also notable for its
    broad spectrum of dialects, with many varieties existing in Europe and other parts
    of the world. Some of these non-standard varieties have become recognized and
    protected by regional or national governments. [16]
    Since 2004, heads of state of the German-speaking countries have met every year,
    [17]
    and the Council for German Orthography has been the main international body
    regulating German orthography.

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