Ans: The columns of the periodic table are called groups. All the elements in a group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.
Q2: Write down the group number of Calcium, Aluminium, Nitrogen and Radon? Ans: Calcium = 2 Aluminium = 3 Nitrogen = 5 and Radon = 1
Q3: Write down the names of the elements having these symbols : Ba, Sn, Ag, Sb, At Ans: Ba = Barium Sn = Tin Ag = Silver Sb = Antimony At = Astititine Q4: a) How many electrons do these elements have in their outer shell : Helium, fluorine and magnesium. Ans: I) Helium (He) - 2 valence electrons ii) Fluorine (F) - 7 valence electrons iii) Magnesium (Mg) - 2 valence electrons
b) Explain how you got your answer.
Ans: The number of valence electrons for elements in the periodic table can be determined by looking at their group number.
Q5: What do the elements in these groups have in common?
a) Alkali metals: Ans: Alkali metals have the following common properties: They are found in Group 1 of the periodic table, are highly reactive, have one valence electron, and are typically soft and have low melting points. b) Halogens: Ans: Halogens share these common characteristics: They are in Group 17 of the periodic table, are highly reactive nonmetals, and have seven valence electrons. c) Noble Gases: Ans: Noble gases have the following similarities: They are located in Group 18 of the periodic table, are chemically inert (uncreative), and have full valence electron shells.
Q6: Suggest how the properties of elements change as you move from left to right along period 2 of the periodic table. Ans: As you move from left to right across period 2 of the periodic table, the properties of elements change in the following ways: 1. Atomic number increases 2. Atomic radius decreases 3. Electronegativity increases 4. Ionization energy increases 5. Metallic character decreases
Test Yourself # 3 (Page# 83)
Q1: List five properties of metals.
Ans: Properties of Metals. 1. Conductivity: Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. 2. Malleability: Metals can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets without breaking. 3. Ductility: Metals can be stretched into thin wires without breaking. 4. Lustre: Metals often have a shiny or metallic lustre. 5. High melting and boiling points: Metals generally have high melting and boiling points compared to non-metals.
Q2: A metal is described as malleable and ductile.
a) What does the malleable mean? Ans:Mellable means they can be shaped by hammering.
b) What does ductile mean?
Ans: Ductile mean means they can be shaped by pulling them into wires.
Q3: List Five properties of non-metals.
Ans: Properties of Non-Metals. 1. Poor conductors of heat and electricity: Non-metals do not conduct heat and electricity well. 2. Brittle: Non-metals are often brittle and tend to break or shatter when subjected to stress. 3. Low melting and boiling points: Non-metals generally have lower melting and boiling points compared to metals. 4. Lack of lustre: Non-metals usually do not have a metallic shine; they appear dull. 5. Varied physical states: Non-metals can exist as solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature, depending on the element.
Q4: Explain why carbon is difficult to classify as metal or non-metal.
Ans: Carbon exists in two forms,graphite and diamond.Both grapite and diamond have very high melting points and are shiny when polished.Graphite is also good conductor of electricity,one of the properties of all metals.However like other non-metals,graphite is brittle. So it is difficult to classify carbon as metal or non-metal.
Q5: Suggest why non-metals could be described as the ‘ basis for life on earth’. Ans: Non-metals could be described as the "basis for life on Earth" because they are essential components of living organisms. Elements such as carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus, which are non-metals, are fundamental building blocks for organic molecules like DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates. These molecules form the basis of life processes, including cell structure, metabolism, and genetic information.
