WH 9 Midterm SG Answer Key.docx

WH 9 Midterm SG
1. About what percentage of France’s population belonged to the Third Estate? 97%
2. What happened on July 14, Bastille Day? A mob stormed the prison for weapons (beginning of the French
Revolution
3. What goals were stated in the “slogan of the Revolution”? Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
4. What document stated that “men are born and remain free and equal in rights”? Declaration of the Rights of Man
5. Who was safe from the guillotine during the Reign of Terror? Nobody
6. What was Napoleon able to accomplish for France during peacetime? Government provided education, fair tax
code, comprehensive law system
7. How did Admiral Nelson win the Battle of Trafalgar? By dividing the French fleet
8. Why did Napoleon attack Portugal? To enforce the terms of the Continental System
9. What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna? To establish a balance of power in Europe
10. Who was the most influential leader at the Congress of Vienna? Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria
11. The heliocentric, or sun-centered, theory was proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus.
12. What was Sir Isaac Newton’s major discovery? Law of Universal Gravitation
13. The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson
14. The Bill of Rights was influenced by Voltaire, John Locke, Jean Jaques Rousseau
15. What was the French third of Hispaniola called? Haiti
16. Who were the Enlightened Despots? Frederick the Great, Catherine the Great, Joseph II of Austria, Maria
Theresa
17. What concept was the belief in “divine right” used to support? Absolute rule
18. Who did the Glorious Revolution bring to England’s throne? William and Mary
19. What king became France’s most powerful ruler and boasted “I am the state”? Louis XIV
20. After the Dutch gained their freedom from Spain, what type of government did the Netherlands establish?
Republic
21. Who took over England as a military dictator after the English Civil War? Oliver Cromwell
22. Who Conquered the Aztec empire? Hernan Cortes
23. Why did Europeans see Africans as a better source of labor than Native Americans? Immunity to disease
24. What was the purpose of most joint-stock companies in the 1500 and 1600s? Funding colonies in the Americas
25. What prompted a wave of new businesses and trade practices in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries? New
wealth from the Americas and growth of overseas trade
26. Which European country was the first to import enslaved Africans to the Americas? Spain
27. What travelled across the Atlantic as part of the Columbian Exchange? Old World to New World: Livestock,
slaves, disease, wheat. New World to Old World: Potatoes, Tomatoes, Corn, Tobacco
28. Where did the Dutch trade empire establish colonies? The Indies, New Netherland (Modern New York)
29. What helped to increase the slave trade in Africa during the seventh century? Spread of Islam to Africa
30. How did the Spanish conquer the Aztecs? Disease helped by weakening the Aztec empire
31. Why did the English want to take control of New Netherland? It separated the English colonies
32. What was one result of the loss of native lives to disease? Shortage of labor in the colonies
33. How was African slavery different from slavery in the Americas? Slavery in the Americas was based on race
34. What was one effect in Europe of the financial success of American colonies? Price and supply of goods
increased
35. According to Mercantilism how could a nation increase its wealth? Selling more goods than it buys
36. How was Africa affected by the Atlantic slave trade? Many cultures lost their fittest members
37. Who claimed Brazil for Portugal? Pedro Alvares Cabral
38. Who created the first settlement in Canada? Jaques Cartier
39. Which European country was the leader in developing and applying 15th century sailing technology? Portugal
40. Why was the caravel an important development in navigation? It could sail in shallow water
41. Who captained the first ship to sail around the tip of Africa? Bartolomeu Dias
42. What type of poetry represents images rather than expresses an idea? Haiku
43. Why was Zheng He important? He led seven overseas voyages for China
44. What were China’s main reasons for rejecting British offers of trade? China believed it was self-sufficient
45. What European nation dominated East Indies trade in the 1700s? The Netherlands
46. Who founded the Ming Dynasty? Hongwu
47. What language was an example of cultural blending in the Mughal Empire? Urdu
48. What was the first full book printed by the Guttenberg printing press? The Bible
49. Martin Luther protested the practice of selling indulgences. What was that practice? The church sold pardons for
sins
50. Who declared himself the head of the English Church? Henry VIII

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