1.

Title: TRAHEDYA NG ISANG BIRHEN

Author: Genevieve Asenjo

Background: Genevieve Asenjo was born in the Philippines and became known for her impactful writing that often
dealt with the struggles of individuals within the context of Philippine society. Her works typically explored themes
such as the role of women in Filipino culture, class struggles, and personal identity, often questioning traditional
norms and expectations.

"Trahedya ng Isang Birhen" was first performed in the late 20th century, a period when Filipino theater was evolving
rapidly, incorporating more modern and experimental themes. The play is a critical reflection on the Filipino cultural
and social environment, particularly focusing on the experiences of women.

Summary:

No blood
flowed from my thighs
on the first night
of his assault.

The echo rang

together with his descent—
my screams and groans:
pain, ache, swelling
but drowned by his doubts,
the sanctity of my innocence
was swallowed up.
Like Othello, he became the judge
of my womanhood:
virgin or whore?

No blood
flowed from
my thighs.
It came from my mouth
and joined the drying
sweat and tears.

2. Title: praevalet illicita

Author: Karen Pioquinto
Background: Karen Pioquinto is a writer and dramatist known for addressing social, political, and ethical
issues in her works. She uses theater and drama as mediums to explore and critique contemporary Filipino
society, often confronting uncomfortable truths and providing a platform for marginalized voices. Her
works are recognized for their intellectual depth, rich characterization, and thought-provoking narratives
that question the intersection of individual actions and societal expectations.
"Praevalet Illicita" reflects Pioquinto's concern with the ways in which society and legal systems interact,
especially when it comes to the concept of justice and legality. In this play, the theme of illegality is not just
about breaking laws but about exploring the moral implications of actions that challenge societal and legal
norms.

SUMMARY:
 perhaps, it now comes to me,
that was the attraction of it.
the off-kiltered sense of predestiny
that circled this chipped idea
made whole by cups of adventure
we offered each other those few fleeting times.
it is likely that the keenness
was heightened by favors filched
from trusted confidants
and by the lightheadedness
that comes from defiance.

the likelihood made me cringe--

now, only pinpricks remain.
what is no longer forbidden
quickly loses its charm.

3. Title: MORE MATH POEMS

Author: Eileen Tupaz
Background: Eileen Tupaz's "More Math Poems" is a collection that blends the abstract world of
mathematics with the expressive form of poetry. It is a follow-up to her earlier collection "Math Poems,"
which explored the connection between mathematical concepts and the poetic process. In "More Math
Poems," Tupaz continues her exploration of the parallels between the structured, logical nature of
mathematics and the free-flowing, often irrational nature of poetry.
The collection reflects Tupaz’s interdisciplinary approach, combining the precision and logic of math with
the emotional and creative freedom of poetry. In doing so, Tupaz invites readers to experience mathematics
in a new and unexpected way, while also offering poetry that is grounded in intellectual curiosity. The
poems in "More Math Poems" are not simply about numbers, equations, or formulas; instead, they use math
as a metaphor, a framework, or a source of inspiration for deeper themes of relationships, life, and human
experiences.

Summary:
it's a game to me
to make metaphors
out of numbers;
to substitute
one simple
abstraction
for another;
because math
[like life]
should never be taken
so seriously
and there are more
to figures
than ever meets
the eye

no solution
 my mind is a matrix
that has been reduced
into row echelon form
and proven to be
- inconsistent

4. Title: CANTA PARA KANMO

Author: Danny Sillada
Background: "Canta Para Kanmo" (translated roughly as "A Song for You") is one of Sillada’s significant
works, reflecting the depth of emotion and cultural context of Filipino life. The title itself, Canta Para
Kanmo, suggests a song, a poetic form meant for someone special, possibly an expression of love, longing,
or emotional connection. The title implies that the work may be deeply personal and intimate, almost like a
serenade or a lyrical message directed towards someone or something dear.
Sillada’s writing is often marked by his ability to blend traditional Filipino values with modern sensibilities,
which makes his works resonate deeply with a wide audience. He uses poetry as a medium to explore the
human experience, addressing the complexities of Filipino culture, personal relationships, social issues, and
historical identity.
In "Canta Para Kanmo", Sillada likely draws from personal experiences or observations of Filipino life to
express emotions of love, desire, nostalgia, or even grief. Given the title, it is possible that the work can be
interpreted as a poetic offering—a piece of writing that speaks to the heart, often using lyrical language to
convey deep feelings.

Summary: Please listen to my song

in this evening of my serenade,
my heart will not be ashamed
whoever listens to its melody?

However deep is your deep slumber,

I will traverse onto the clouds,
glide among the winds,
and sneak in to your thoughts.

Because the serenade of my love

will cradle your dreams;
my sweet, gentle melody
will embrace you when you wake up.

The moon may ascend or descend

but my music will never end
from morning till evening,
my heart will keep on singing…

5. Title: MGA HAGAS NI ALIWAGWAG

Author: Danny Castillones Sillada
Background: "Mga Hagas ni Aliwagwag" (translated roughly as "The Struggles of Aliwagwag") is a
poignant and reflective poem by Danny Castillones Sillada that addresses themes of struggle, identity, and
resilience. The title "Aliwagwag" is a reference to the Aliwagwag Falls, one of the largest waterfalls in the
Philippines, located in Cateel, Davao Oriental. The falls are known not only for their breathtaking natural
beauty but also for their cultural significance to the people of the region.
In the context of Sillada's poem, the image of the falls and the struggles associated with it likely serve as a
metaphor for larger, more universal themes of personal and collective challenges faced by the Filipino
 people. The hagas (or struggles) described in the poem may refer to the hardships and trials that individuals
or communities must face to achieve personal or collective growth. The poem’s use of the Aliwagwag Falls
symbolically suggests the power of nature and resilience in the face of adversity, while also providing a
local and cultural grounding for the narrative.

Summary: I heard your gentle murmur

echoing from a verdant mountain:
I follow your call through a tortuous trail
just to witness your mystical presence.

From heaven, you constantly descend on a stairway,

the regal princess of the forests:
the refuge of my tired soul
from a long exhaustive journey.

Your whispers in the wind

embrace the anxious beatings of my heart:
“‘Come,” you said,
“Swim with the sound of my laughter!”

Onto your soft breasts I gently rest,

listening to your songs on the gushing waters;
your transcendent beauty is incomparable –
a goddess from heaven.

But my heart is lamenting that one day

I couldn’t glimpse on your majestic beauty anymore;
from the cruel hands you would vanish
and become just like a dream to be cherished!

6. Title: "Ang Kwentong si Dagohoy"

Author: Domingo G. Landicho.
Background: "Ang Kwento ni Dagohoy" narrates the story of Francisco Dagohoy, a native of Bohol who
led the longest revolt against Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. The rebellion, which lasted for over
80 years (from 1744 to 1829), is often cited as one of the longest insurrections in Philippine history.
The revolt began when a local priest, Fray Francisco de Haro, refused to give his brother a proper Christian
burial, which led to the tragic death of his brother and sparked Dagohoy’s personal vendetta. This event
became the catalyst for a wider and sustained resistance against the Spanish authorities.
The story is significant because it highlights themes of bravery, resilience, and independence, reflecting the
Filipino people's resistance to foreign domination. The narrative of Dagohoy’s rebellion is celebrated as
part of Filipino national history, especially in Bohol, where the revolt took place.
Summary: The story begins with Francisco Dagohoy, a young man from the province of Bohol. He was a
peaceful and devout person, but his life took a dramatic turn after the death of his brother. His brother had
died due to a snakebite, and when Dagohoy went to a Spanish priest to request that his brother be given a
Christian burial, the priest refused, stating that his brother had not received the proper Christian rites before
his death.
This refusal sparked a deep sense of injustice and anger in Dagohoy. He felt that the Spanish authorities
were treating the native Filipinos unfairly, not just spiritually but also emotionally. In his grief and
frustration, he took it upon himself to rise against the injustice, and this marked the beginning of his
rebellion.
Dagohoy, with a group of loyal followers, took to the mountains and led an armed revolt against the
Spanish authorities. His leadership and tactical skill made him a symbol of resistance for the local people of
 Bohol. The revolt, known as the Dagohoy Rebellion, lasted for over 80 years (1744–1829), making it the
longest-running revolt in Philippine history. Despite the long duration of the revolt, the rebellion did not
end with a decisive victory for Dagohoy and his forces.
Throughout the uprising, Dagohoy and his followers faced numerous challenges from Spanish forces, who
attempted to crush the rebellion with military force. However, Dagohoy's forces were difficult to defeat, as
they knew the terrain of Bohol well and were determined to fight for their freedom.
Eventually, after many years of fighting, Dagohoy died, but the rebellion persisted long after his death. His
story remained a symbol of Filipino resistance and courage. Although the revolt ended without achieving
its original goal of fully liberating the region, Dagohoy's legacy as a hero of freedom and justice endured.

7. Title: "Ang Kalipay sa Kabukiran"

Author: Asuncion P. David.
Background: "Ang Kalipay sa Kabukiran" (translated as The Joy in the Countryside) is a story that reflects
the simple yet profound pleasures of rural life in the Philippines. The work celebrates the beauty, values,
and experiences found in the countryside, while also highlighting the strong connection between the
Filipino people and the land they live on.
In many of her works, Asuncion P. David portrays the realities of life in the rural areas, emphasizing themes
of family, community, and the richness of Filipino cultural traditions.
Summary: The story revolves around a young girl named Maria, who lives in the countryside with her
family. They are simple folk, dependent on farming and agriculture for their livelihood. The family, though
not wealthy, is content and at peace with their way of life. They live close to nature and enjoy the beauty of
the surroundings, from the fertile rice fields to the cool breeze and fresh air.
Maria often spends her days helping her family with various tasks on the farm, such as planting rice,
harvesting vegetables, and taking care of the animals. Despite the hard work, she feels a deep sense of
happiness and fulfillment because of the bond she shares with her family and the peaceful environment
they live in.
One day, Maria’s relative, who lives in the city, visits them. The city relative expresses surprise at how
content Maria is with her life, especially given the simplicity of rural existence compared to the busy,
modern life in the city. Maria’s relative speaks about the conveniences of city living—better amenities,
modern comforts, and social opportunities—but Maria responds that the joy she finds in the countryside, in
nature, and in her close-knit family, far outweighs any material possessions.
Through Maria’s perspective, the story contrasts the superficial allure of urban life with the deeper, more
meaningful joys of rural life. The happiness in the countryside is not found in material wealth but in the
simple, everyday experiences: the joy of working alongside family, the sense of community, and the peace
that comes with being in harmony with nature.
8. Title: "Ang Paghigugma sa Usa ka Mangingisda"
Author: Sergio B. Ortiz.
Background: "Ang Paghigugma sa Usa ka Mangingisda" is a short story that explores themes of love,
sacrifice, and social class. It revolves around the relationship between a woman and a fisherman,
highlighting the contrasts between their lives and the challenges they face in their relationship. The story
examines the purity of love despite difficult circumstances and the class differences that sometimes create
barriers between people.
Summary: The story is set in a small coastal village, where a young woman from a well-off family falls in
love with a humble fisherman. The fisherman, though poor, is hardworking and sincere. The woman, who
comes from a more privileged background, is drawn to his simplicity, honesty, and the genuine love he
offers her. Despite their differences in social status, they form a deep emotional connection.
However, the woman’s family disapproves of her relationship with the fisherman. They consider him
unworthy due to his low social standing, and they try to persuade her to marry someone of higher status.
The woman is caught in a difficult situation, torn between her love for the fisherman and her loyalty to her
family’s wishes.
 As the story unfolds, the woman faces a moral and emotional dilemma. She must choose between
following her heart and continuing her relationship with the fisherman, or conforming to societal
expectations and her family's demands.
The fisherman, aware of the challenges their love faces, decides to make a great sacrifice for her sake. He
expresses his love for her and urges her to live her life according to her own happiness, even if that means
leaving him behind. He realizes that love does not always mean staying together, but sometimes it means
letting go so the other person can pursue their own path.
In the end, the woman is forced to make a choice. She understands that true love requires sacrifice, and she
must decide whether to follow the conventions of her family and social class or follow her heart.
9. Title: "Ang Alamat ng Tinago Falls"
Author: Zaide D. Dizon.
Background: The Tinago Falls is located in the province of Iligan in Mindanao, Philippines. The name
"Tinago" means "hidden" in Filipino, referring to how the falls are tucked away in a deep ravine, making it
somewhat hidden from plain sight. The story behind Tinago Falls often involves themes of love, nature, and
mystery, which are common elements in Filipino legends.
In general, legends like "Ang Alamat ng Tinago Falls" explain the origins of natural landmarks in a way
that blends history with myth, making the falls not just a geographical feature but a part of cultural and
spiritual heritage. Legends such as these are important in Filipino storytelling tradition, as they provide
insight into how communities explain the world around them through narratives.
Summary: In many versions of "Ang Alamat ng Tinago Falls", the story typically involves a love story
between a mortal and a divine being or spirit of nature, which leads to the creation of the falls. The falls are
often said to have been hidden away by a goddess or magical creature to protect a secret or preserve a
sacred space.
In some retellings, a young woman or goddess falls in love with a mortal, but their love is challenged by
circumstances or divine forces. In some versions, the falls are created as a symbol of their love, or as a way
to preserve their memory, hidden from the eyes of those who might exploit or disturb the natural beauty of
the area.
Each region or storyteller may have a different version of the legend, but the themes of hidden beauty and
mystery surrounding the falls remain central. The falls are often seen as a symbol of nature's power and the
enduring strength of love.

10. Title: "Si Malakas at si Maganda"

Author: Dr. José Rizal
Background: The myth of "Si Malakas at si Maganda" is typically told to explain the creation of humanity
and the origins of the first man and woman. Although it is considered part of Philippine mythology, its
various versions vary across different regions of the Philippines. The most widely recognized version of the
myth is often attributed to Filipino national hero Dr. José Rizal, who retold the story to help instill a sense
of national pride and identity among Filipinos during the Spanish colonial period.
However, the myth itself was passed down through oral traditions long before Rizal's version. Different
Filipino ethnic groups, including the Tagalog, Visayan, and others, have their own variations of the story.
While the details can vary, the core elements—Malakas (the strong man) and Maganda (the beautiful
woman)—remain constant.
Summary: In the beginning, the world was in darkness, with no light or form. The gods decided to create
humans. From a bamboo stalk that grew in the earth, Malakas (meaning "strong") and Maganda (meaning
"beautiful") emerged. Malakas represented strength and resilience, while Maganda symbolized beauty and
grace.
The story portrays the belief that both strength and beauty are essential for the survival and well-being of
humankind. Together, Malakas and Maganda are the first humans, and their unity represents the
complementary qualities that balance and support each other. These two qualities are necessary for
humanity to thrive.
Although the story has different versions across the Philippines, the central themes of strength, beauty, and
unity remain consistent. The myth is also a way for Filipinos to reflect on their cultural identity, with
Malakas and Maganda embodying the values of the Filipino people.
In addition to its cultural significance, the myth was popularized by José Rizal as part of his effort to inspire
national pride and unity during the Spanish colonial period. It became a symbol of Filipino resilience and
nationalism, reminding Filipinos of their roots and the strength they derive from their heritage.