DDC

1. What is the quantity of mannitol present in 60ml of 20% mannitol?

ANS: 20% is 20g in 100ml

or 100ml – 20000 mg
60ml – Ymg
Y=60x20000/100 = 12000mg

or 12g
Hence, 12g of Mannitol is present in 60ml of a 20% mannitol soln.

2. How many mcg of adrenaline is present in a 30ml vial of 2% xylocaine with

adrenaline? Adrenaline available as 1:200000

ANS: 1:200000 = 1g of Adrenaline 200000ml i.e., 0.005mg/ml

or 5mcg/ml
30ml = ?
30X5 = 150mcg adrenaline in 30mI vial of 2% xylocaine

3. How many mmol of sod. Bicarbonate are there in 100ml of an 8.4% solution?
ANS: 8.4% = 8.4gm/100ml
1mol = 84g/1000ml or 1mmol=84mg/mI i.e., 1ml of solution contains 1 mmol
of sodium bicarbonate
So, 100 ml of solution contains 100 mmol of sodium bicarbonate

4. A person with 50kg body weight is to be given IV Thiopentone sodium in a

dose of 3mg/kg body weight. The strength of the solution is 2.5%. What is
the volume of the drug used?

ANS: Body weight X required dose

Concn of drug in mg/ml
2.5% = 2.5g in 100ml
2500mg in 100ml
25mg in 1ml
50X3/25 = 6ml

5. A 30y old man weighing 50kg develops hypotension after myocardial

infarction. He was prescribed Inj. Dopamine 8mcg/min/kg. Calculate the rate
of infusion in drops per minute if strength of dopamine ampoule (1ml) =
200mg.
 ANS: Dopamine concentration in mg/ml = 200 mg of Dopamine in 500 ml of
Normal Saline
= 200/500
= 0.4 mg/ml

= 8 x 50/0.4 x 1,000 = 400/400 = 1 ml/minute

We know that, 1 ml = 20 drops
= 1 X 20 drops/minute = 20 drops/minute

6. For a 6month old infant with moderate dehydration, 150ml of Ringer lactate
IV for 2h followed by 150ml sodium chloride IV for 3h is to be given. The IV
set yields 20drops/ml.

ANS:

Drip rate of Ringer lactate = 150 X 20/2X60 = 150/6 = 25 drops/minute

Drip rate of Sodium chloride = 150 X 20/3X60 = 3000/180 or 150/9
= 16.6 drops/minute

7. A 22y old lady with advanced pregnancy with anaemic, with a haemoglobin
(Hb) of 7gm%. Calculate the parenteral iron dosage for this patient. Body
weight of the patient is 50kg.

ANS: Iron in mg = 4.4 X body weight(kg) X Hemoglobin deficit(g/dl)

= 4.4 X 50 X 6 = 1320 mg
Injection FERRIC CARBOXYMALTOSE is available as 50 mg/ml in 2ml ampoule
or 10 ml vial.
So, it can be given as 500 mg/10 ml in 100ml saline slow IV infusion for 15
minutes weekly for 3 weeks.

8. Calculate the paediatric dose of INH and Rifampicin for a 10y old child using
Dilling’s formula. Adult dose of INH – 300mg OD and Rifampicin – 600mg OD.

ANS:

Dose of INH = 15 X 300/20 = 15 X 15 = 225 mg

Dose of Rifampicin = 15 X 600/20 = 15 X 30 = 450 mg
9. Using Young’s formula calculate the dose of Paracetamol and Metronidazole
for a 3y old child. Adult dose of Paracetamol is 500mg TID and Metronidazole
is 400mg TID.

ANS: YOUNG's FORMULA:

Child dose of Paracetamol = 3/3+12 X 500 = 100mg

= 100mg TID
Child dose of Metronidazole = 3/3+12 X 400 = 80mg
= 80mg TID
Dose of paracetamol for a 3 year old child is 100mg TID and dose of
metronidazole for a 3 year old child is 80mg TID.

10.The adult dose of Gentamicin is 80mg/BD. How much Gentamicin should a 1

year old child weighing 12kg receive?

ANS: HAMBURGER'S RULE:

Child dose of Gentamicin = 12/70X80 = 13.71

15mg BD
1year old child weighing 12kgs should receive 15mg of Gentamicin twice daily.

11.A 35-yr old male diagnosed to have acute maniac episode & was put on tab.
Lithium 600mg/day. On day 7, the symptoms still persisted and the plasma
concentration of lithium was found to be 0.6 mEq/L. Calculate the revised
dosage regimen for this patient. Desired plasma concentration is 1.0 mEq/L.

ANS:

= 600/0.6 X 1.0 = 1000mg/day

Patient should receive 1000mg/day of Lithium as a revised dose.

12.Calculate the Creatinine Clearance with the following data; Age: 60 years,
Weight: 54 Kg, Normal serum creatinine= 0.6-1.2 mg/dL

ANS: Given:
 Age - 60 years
Weight - 54 kg
Normal serum creatinine= 0.6-1.2 mg/dL

Formula:
Cockcroft-Gault formula
Men= (140 - age) X Wt (Kg) / 72 X Serum creatinine

Substituting the values in the formula:

Men = (140 - 60) X 54 kg / 72 x 1
Men = 80 X 54 kg / 72 x 1
= 4320/72
Men = 60 ml/min
Women = 60 X 0.85 = 51 ml/min

13. Calculate the clearance of drug whose IV dose is 240 mg and plasma conc. Is
6mg/It, t½ of drug is 4 hrs
ANS: Given:
IV dose - 240 mg
Cp - 6 mg/lt
t½ - 4 hrs
Clearance of drug =?

Formula: clearance of drug = K X aVd

K (Elimination Rate Constant) = 0.693/t ½

aVd (apparent volume of distribution)
= total amount of drug administered/plasma conc.

Substituting the values in the above formula

CL = O.693/4 X 240/6 = 0.173 x 40

CL = 6.92 L/hr or 6.92X1000/60 = 115ml/min

14. A 40YR old male patient (body wt. 70 kgs) has a serum creatinine of 4 mg/dl.
He has proteus mirabilis induced UTI, sensitive to gentamicin. Calculate the
gentamicin dose which should be administered to this patient. Gentamycin dose
in a patient with normal renal function is 5 mg/kg once a day. Renal clearance of
gentamycin is 78 ml /min in a normal renal function patient according to
literature.
ANS: Given:
age - 40 yrs
 Sex – male
Weight - 70 kgs
Dose - 5 mg/kg = 5 x 70 = 350 mg
Formula:
Clearance in men= (140 - age) X Wt (Kg) / 72 X Serum creatinine
Corrected dose = Normal dose x patients creatinine clearance / Normal
creatinine clearance (100 ml/min)

Substituting values in above formula:

Clearance in men = (140-40) X 70 / 72 X 4
= (100 X 70) / 288 = 7000/288
= 24.3 ml/min
Corrected dose = 350 X (24.3 ml/min) / (100 ml/min) = 85.05 mg

15. XY is a 60-yr old, 85 kg male with ventricular fibrillation who requires

therapy with IV lidocaine. He has liver cirrhosis (child Pugh score — 11). The Vd
of lidocaine is 51 L. Suggest an initial IV lidocaine dosage regimen to achieve
steady state lidocaine conc. Equal to 4 mcg/ml.

ANS: Given:
Age - 85 yrs
Weight - 85 kg
Gender – male
Vd - 51 L
Cp - 4 mcg/ml = 4 mg/ L
FORMULA:
Loading dose = desired plasma conc. (mg/L) X aVd (L/kg)

Substituting the values in above formula:

Loading dose = 4 X 51
= 204 mg
Lidocaine is mainly metabolized in liver but as here we are giving the drug IV
directly into systemic circulation drug will not undergo hepatic metabolism.

16. A male child of 11years old weighing 30kg develops anaphylactic shock due
to Penicillin-G administration. Calculate the amount of adrenaline to be given.
Adrenaline is available as 1mg/ml (1:1000) solution. What is route of
administration of adrenaline?
The usual dose of adrenaline for anaphylactic shock- 0.001ml/kg
So, adrenaline given to 30kg child- 30 x 0.001= 0.3mg
 Adrenaline available= 0.3ml (1:1000) solution.
So, we need to give around 0.3ml of adrenaline.
The route of administration is Intramuscular into thigh muscle.

17. It has been prescribed to infuse 1 liter of normal saline (sodium chloride
0.9%) over 8hours using macro drip set. Calculate the rate of infusion i.e. no of
drops per minute.
Let us assume we are using macro set with a drop factor of 20drops/ml
Time of infusion=8hrs=8 x 60= 480mins
Rate of infusion = total volume (L) to be infused/ time in hrs.
= 1L/8Hrs
= 1000ml/8Hrs
= 125ml/ hr

60mins-125ml
1min - X
X= 125 x 1/ 60
X= 2.0833ml
No of drops per min= 2.083 x 20= 40 drops /min

18. It has been prescribed to infuse quinine 10mg/kg in an adult weight 60kg
over 4 hours in 5% dextrose. Prepare infusion in 200ml solution. Quinine is
available as 600mg/ml ampoule. Calculate the rate of infusion i.e. no of drops
per minute.
Total required dose of Quinine =10mg/kg x 60kg = 600mg
Quinine is available as 600mg/ml
Volume of Quinine solution = total dose/ conc. Of Quinine solution
= 600mg/600ml = 1ml

Now we need to prepare the infusion of 200ml solution, we need to add 1ml of
Quinine solution to 199ml od 5% dextrose solution
Time of infusion =4hrs=240mins
So, dose of infusion= 200/240= 0.833ml/min
No of drops per min= 0.833 x 20= 16 drops/min