CHAPTER 5 DRILLING MACHINE

Production Engineering (2) – Production Eng. & Design Dept.
Faculty of Engineering
Minia University- by Assoc. Prof. Helmi Abulila
CHAPTER 5: DRILLING MACHINE

5.1 INTRODUCTION
Drilling is an operation of making a circular hole by removing a volume of metal
from the job by cutting tool called drill. A drill is a rotary end-cutting tool with
one or more cutting lips and usually one or more flutes for the passage of chips
and the admission of cutting fluid.
5.2 CONSTRUCTION OF DRILLING MACHINE

Different parts of a drilling machine are shown in Fig. 5.1 and are discussed below:
1. The head containing electric motor, V-pulleys and V-belt which transmit
rotary motion to the drill spindle at a number of speeds.
2. Spindle is made up of alloy steel. It rotates as well as moves up and down
in a sleeve. Drill chuck is held at the end of the drill spindle and in turn it
holds the drill bit.
3. Adjustable work piece table is supported on the column of the drilling
machine. It can be moved both vertically and horizontally.
4. Base table is a heavy casting and it supports the drill press structure. The
base supports the column, which in turn, supports the table, head etc.
5. Column is a vertical round or box section which rests on the base and
supports the head and the table. This machine consists of following parts:
Fig. 5.1: Construction of drilling machine
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Production Engineering (2) – Production Eng. & Design Dept. Faculty of Engineering
5.3 TYPES OF DRILLING MACHINE

Drilling machines are classified on the basis of their constructional features, or the
type of work they can handle. The various types of drilling machines are:
Fig. 5.2 illustrates a radial drilling machine.
Fig. 5.2: Radial drilling machine
5.4 TYPES OF DRILLS

Broadly there are three types of drills:
1. Flat drill,
2. Straight-fluted drill, and
3. Twist drill
The various types of twist drills (parallel shank type and Morse taper shank type)
are shown in Fig. 5.3.
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Fig. 5.3: Types of twist drill
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The drill is generally removed by tapping a wedge shaped drift into the slot in the
drilling machine spindle as shown in Fig. 5.4.
Fig. 5.4: Removing a drill from drill machine
5.4.1 Twist Drill Geometry

Twist drill geometry and its nomenclature are shown in Fig. 5.5. A twist drill has
three principal parts:
(i) Drill point or dead center
(ii) Body
(iii) Shank.
5.5 OPERATIONS PERFORMED ON DRILLING MACHINE

A drill machine is versatile machine tool. A number of operations can be
performed on it. Some of the operations that can be performed on drilling
machines are:
1. Drilling 2. Reaming
3. Boring 4. Counter boring
5. Countersinking 6. Spot facing
7. Tapping 8. Lapping
9. Grinding 10. Trepanning.
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Fig. 5.5: The operations that can be performed on drilling machines
5.5.1 Drilling
This is the operation of making a circular hole by removing a volume of metal
from the job by a rotating cutting tool called drill as shown in Fig. 5.6. Drilling
removes solid metal from the job to produce a circular hole.
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Fig. 5.6: Geometry and nomenclature of twist drill
Fig. 5.7: Drilling operation
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5.5.2 Reaming
This is the operation of sizing and finishing a hole already made by a drill.
Reaming is performed by means of a cutting tool called reamer as shown in Fig.
5.8. Reaming operation serves to make the hole smooth, straight and accurate in
diameter. Reaming operation is performed by means of a multi-tooth tool called
reamer.
Fig. 5.8: Reaming operation

5.5.3 Boring
Fig. 5.9 shows the boring operation where enlarging a hole by means of adjustable
cutting tools with only one cutting edge is accomplished. A boring tool is employed
for this purpose.
Fig. 5.9: Boring operation

5.5.4 Counter-Boring
Counter boring operation is shown in Fig. 5.10. It is the operation of enlarging the
end of a hole cylindrically, as for the recess for a counter-sunk rivet. The tool used
is known as counter-bore.
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Fig. 5.10: Counter boring operation

5.5.5 Counter-Sinking
Counter-sinking operation is shown in Fig. 5.11. This is the operation of making a
cone shaped enlargement of the end of a hole, as for the recess for a flat head
screw.
Fig. 5.11: Counter sinking operation
5.5.6 Lapping
This is the operation of sizing and finishing a hole by removing very small amounts
of material by means of an abrasive.
5.5.7 Spot-Facing
This is the operation of removing enough material to provide a flat surface around
a hole to accommodate the head of a bolt or a nut. A spot-facing tool is very nearly
similar to the counter-bore as shown Fig.5.12.
Fig. 5.12: Spot-facing
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5.5.8 Tapping
It is the operation of cutting internal threads by using a tool called a tap. A tap is
similar to a bolt with accurate threads cut on it. To perform the tapping operation,
a tap is screwed into the hole by hand or by machine. The tap removes metal and
cuts internal threads, which will fit into external threads of the same size. For all
materials except cast iron, a little lubricate oil is applied to improve the action.
The tap is not turned continuously, but after every half turn, it should be reversed
slightly to clear the threads. Tapping operation is shown in Fig. 4.13.
Fig. 5.13: Tapping operation
5.5.9 Core drilling

Core drilling operation is shown in Fig. 5.14. It is a main operation, which is
performed on radial drilling machine for producing a circular hole, which is deep
in the solid metal by means of revolving tool called drill.
Fig. 5.14: Core drilling operation
5.5.10 Trepanning
Trepanning is the operation of producing a hole in sheet metal by removing metal

along the circumference of a hollow cutting tool. Trepanning operation is
performed for producing large holes. Fewer chips are removed and much of the
material is saved while the hole is produced. The tool may be operated at higher
speeds. The speed depends upon the diameter of the hole to be made. The tool
resembles a hollow tube having cutting edges at one end and a solid shank at the
other to fit into the drill spindle as shown in Fig. 5.15.
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Fig. 5.15: Trepanning
5.6 QUESTIONS
1. State the working principle of a drilling machine.
2. Explain principal parts of the drilling machine and sketch the mechanism
of a drilling machine.
3. Give the classification of drilling machines.
4. How will you specify a drilling machine?
5. What operations can be done on a drilling machine? Discuss them with
diagrams.
6. With the help of a line diagram, describe the construction of radial drilling
machine.
7. List the devices commonly used for holding the work on a drilling machine,
and describe any three.
8. Define cutting speed, feed and machining time for drilling.
9. Sketch a twist drill and name its different parts.
10. What is boring? Sketch a boring tool.
11. What is the function of flutes on a twist drill bit? Why are straight flute
drills used for nonferrous materials and metal?
12. Draw suitable figure for a drill bit showing:
(i) point
(ii) lip clearance
(iii) point angle
(iv) flute
(v) margin and
(vi) body clearance
13. 13 Write short notes on following:
(i) Drilling
(ii) Boring,
(iii) Reaming
(iv) Tapping
(v) Counter boring
(vi) Counter sinking
14. Explain various types of operations performed on a drilling machine by
neat sketches.
15. Define the following terms used in drilling operation.
(i) Cutting speed
(ii) Feed.
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Production Engineering (2) – Production Eng. & Design Dept.

CHAPTER 5: DRILLING MACHINE

5.2 CONSTRUCTION OF DRILLING MACHINE

Fig. 5.1: Construction of drilling machine

5.3 TYPES OF DRILLING MACHINE

Fig. 5.2: Radial drilling machine

5.4 TYPES OF DRILLS

Fig. 5.3: Types of twist drill

Fig. 5.4: Removing a drill from drill machine

5.4.1 Twist Drill Geometry

5.5 OPERATIONS PERFORMED ON DRILLING MACHINE

Fig. 5.5: The operations that can be performed on drilling machines

Fig. 5.6: Geometry and nomenclature of twist drill

Fig. 5.7: Drilling operation

Fig. 5.8: Reaming operation

Fig. 5.9: Boring operation

Fig. 5.10: Counter boring operation

Fig. 5.11: Counter sinking operation

Fig. 5.12: Spot-facing

Fig. 5.13: Tapping operation

5.5.9 Core drilling

Fig. 5.14: Core drilling operation

Trepanning is the operation of producing a hole in sheet metal by removing metal

Fig. 5.15: Trepanning

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