ijemr_April_2023_Final

Volume 13 Issue 4
International Journal of Exclusive

Management Research
ISSN: 2249 – 8672
Published by
Archers & Elevators Publishing House,
131, AGB Layout, 6th cross,
Hesharagatta Main road,
Bangalore – 560 090, Karnataka, India.
Mobile: 91643 62263.
E-mail: contactijemr@gmail.com
www.aeph.in
Editorial & Review Board Members
Prof. Dr. Jose Antonio Filipe, Lisbon - Portugal.

Prof. Dr. ShivakumarDeene, Karnataka, India.
Prof. Dr. Hafedh Ibrahim, University of Tunis, Tunisia.
Prof. Dr. V. Vijay Durga Prasad, Andhra Pradesh, India
Prof. Dr. Clifford ObiyoOfurum, Nigeria.
Prof. Dr. Veena Tewari Nandi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Prof. Kakul Agha, Sultanate of Oman
Dr. Anukrati Sharma, Jaipur, Rajasthan.
Prof. Dr. R. K. Uppal, Punjab, India.
Dr. Muhammad Tariq Khan, Pakistan
Executive Board Members
Dr. B. Karthikeyan, Chidambaram, India
Dr. M. Ganesh Babu, Bangalore, India
Dr. G. Vani, Bangalore, India
DISCLAIMER
•All rights reserved. No part of the publication can be used in any form or by any means, without prior
permission in writing.
• The opinions and views expressed in the journal are based on personal judgment of the author(s);
they do not represent the views of this journal and associated organization.
• We believe that the papers/ articles given by the author(s) are original and have not published in any
publication in part or full, are found so; this journal shall not be responsible.
•While every effort is made to avoid mistake/error in the journal, Archers & Elevators shall not be
responsible for any error caused due to oversight nor shall it own any responsibility for the loss or
damage caused to any individual/organization due to such omission or error.
•The views expressed in the articles in IJEMR do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the publishers.
Contents
S.No Title of the Paper Page No
1. AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON YOUTH’S PERCEPTION TOWARDS

ORGANICAGRO PRODUCTS IN BENGALURU
1
Ms. Namitha. C, Prof. Dr. Anitha G.H
2. A STUDY ON “IMPACT OF TALENT ACQUISITION STRATEGIES
ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN IT SECTOR”
4
Ms. Neha. M, Dr. Anitha G.H
3. A STUDY ON “WORK LIFE BALANCE STRATEGIES OF FEMALE
EMPLOYEES IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY” WITH REFERENCE TO
FORTIS 8
Ms. R. Lisha, Prof. Anitha G.H
4. A COMPARITIVE STUDY ON ORGANOZED GROCERY RETAIL SECTOR
AND UNORGANIZED GROCERY RETAIL SECTOR
12
Ms. Surabhi G, Prof. Anitha G H
5. PURCHASE INTENTION OF GREEN PRODUCTS IN CONSUMERS
Mr. Rahul. A, Dr S Gokula Krishnan 15
6. STUDY OF CUSTOMER STISFACTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING

Mr.Shoaib Pasha M, Dr S Gokula Krishnan 18
7. STUDY ON INFLUENCE OF ADVERTISING ON E-TAILING

Mr. Tejas.SM, Dr S Gokula Krishnan 22
8. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON DIGITAL

PAYMENTS SYSTEM
25
Mr. Ujwal R, Dr S Gokula Krishnan
9. A STUDY ON GOOGLE SEM VS PAID SOCIAL MEDIA IN B2B SECTOR
Prashanth B C, Dr.Madeswaran.A 28
10. A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE PERCEPTION TOWARDS EMOTIONAL

INTELLIGENCE AND MANAGERIALEFFECTIVENESS IN AN
ORGANIZATION 31
Sumanth V, Dr. Madeswaran A

11. A STUDY ON CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF NUTRITIONAL READY TO
EAT/COOK PRODUCTS WITH REFERENCE TO IPAKKA FOODS
37
Tejas B T, Dr. Madeswaran A
12. A STUDY ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS ORGANIC FOOD
PRODUCTION IN INDIA
40
Ujjwal S B, Madeswaran A
13. A STUDY ON IMAPACT OF TRAINING AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT ON
PERFORMANCE LEVEL
44
Ms. Pragathi SR, Dr. Shilpi Kulshrestha
14. A STUDY ON STRESS RELATED FACTORS AND ITS IMPACT ON
EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COLLEGE
LECTURES IN BANAGLORE CITY 51
Ms. Rachana S, Dr. Shilpi Kulshrestha

15. A STUDY ON IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION ON EMOLYEE
PERFORMANCE
55
Ms. Sneha.P, Dr. Shilpi Kulshrestha
16. A STUDY ON IMPACT OF EMPLOYEES MOTIVATION ON JOB
SATISFACTION LEVEL- AT TCS”, BENGALURE 59
Mr. Swaroop Ganesh K.R, Dr. Shilpi Kulshrestha
17. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MUTUAL FUNDS ON SELECTED
BANKING SECTOR - AN ANALYTICAL STUDY
63
Ms. Lavanya S, Dr. Shreelatha H R
18. WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON FIRM’S
PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED CEMENT COMPANIES - A COMPARATIVE
ANALYSIS 66
Mr. Manoj Gowda L, Dr.Shreelatha H R
19. A STUDY ON IMPACT OF FIIs ON INDIAN STOCK MARKET
Mr. Nikhil M R, Dr. Shreelatha H R 72
20. A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF RUSSIAN & UKRAINE WAR ON RETURNS

OF INDIAN BANKING STOCKS
76
Mr. Pavan Kalyan G, Dr. Shreelatha H R
21. AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON DIVERSIFIED LARGE CAPITAL MUTUAL
FUNDS SCHEMES AND IT’S PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
80
Ms. Likitha shree. S, Dr. Sriyank Levi
22. IMPACT OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS AND COVID-19 ON
THE PROFITABILITY OF AUTOMOBILE SECTOR
87
Mr. Manu M, Prof. Sriyank Levi
23. RELATION BETWEEN THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND THE
PERFORMANCE OF THE SELECTED MANUFACTURING COMPANY
94
Mr. Nikhil Raj B, Dr Sriyank Levi
24. THE ROLE OF CASH FLOW IN EXPLAINING THE CHANGE IN COMPANY
LIQUIDITY WITH REFERENCE TO INDIAN TELECOM COMPANY
97
Mr. Pramodh L, Prof. Sriyanklevi
25. A STUDY ON COMPARISON BETWEEN INVESTMENT IN EQUITY AND
MUTUAL FUND
100
Ms. Kavya J, Dr. Chandrasekhar Rao V
26. THE STUDY OF WOKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON WIPRO LTD
Mr. Mahesh C, Prof. Chandrashekar Rao 105
27. COMPARATIVE STUDY ON RISK AND RETURN OF SELECTED SMALL

&MID CAP COMPANIES SHARES
111
Mr .Naveena N, Dr Chandrasekhar Rao V
28. A STUDY ON CREDIT RATING AGENCIES AND ITS IMPACT ON
INVESTMENT DECISIONS
114
Ms. Rakshitha N, Prof. V Chandrasekar Rao
29. A CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON UNDERSTANDING THE SIGNIFICANT
IMPACT OF COLOUR PSYCHOLOGY IN MARKETING AND BRANDING
118
Mr. Nandan. V, Dr. Neena Prasad
30. THE AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA
MARKETING ON ONLINE SHOPPING CART
122
Mr. Prajwal M, Prof. Neenaprasad
31. THE ROLE OF INFLUENCER MARKETING ON THE CONSUMER BUYING
BEHAVIOUR – A PERSPECTIVE ON D2C BRANDS
125
Somashekar N, Dr. Neena Prasad
32. A STUDY ON ROLE OF COMMUNICATION ON EMPLOYEE PERCEPTION
TO ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE
128
Mr. Vaishnavi BN, Dr.Neena Prasad
33. A STUDY ON IMPACT OF FINANCIAL LEVERAGE ON FIRM
PROFITABILITY
134
Mr. Madhusudhan, Prof. Sarah Merlyn
34. A STUDY ON IMPACT OF MACRO ECONOMIC VARIABLES ON
COMMODITYMARKET
140
Ms. Monica V G, Prof. Sarah Merlyn
35. STUDY ON COMPARITIVE ANALSYSIS OF DIRECT EQUITY INVESTMENT
AND MUTUAL FUND INVESTMENT
144
Ms. Nisarga M, Prof. Sarah Merlyn
36. A STUDY ON FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED EQUITY
STOCKS WITH MEDIA INDUSTRY
149
Ms. Reshma A, Prof. Sarah Merlyn
37. A STUDY ON CROSS-SECTIONAL EXAMINATION PERFORMANCE OF
EQUITY MUTUAL FUND SCHEMES
154
Mr. Madhusudhan Yadav, Prof. Venkatesh Kumar N
38. JAPANESE CANDLESTICK: A GAME CHANGER FOR INVESTMENT
DECISION
161
Ms. Namratha G, Prof. Venkatesh Kumar N
39. FUND MOBILIZATION FOR START-UPS: CROWDFUNDING A WAY
FORWARD
166
Ms. Nisha N, Prof. Venkatesh Kumar N
40. THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON
MANUFACTURINGSECTOR WITH REFERENCE TO SELECTED
COMPANIES 173
Mr. Nithish BM, Prof. V Chandrasekhar Rao
IJEMR – April 2023 - Vol 13 Issue 4 - Online - ISSN 2249–2585 Print - ISSN 2249-8672
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON YOUTH’S PERCEPTION TOWARDS ORGANIC AGRO PRODUCTS IN

BENGALURU
Ms. NAMITHA. C, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy
of Technology, Bengaluru – 560 098
Prof. Dr. ANITHA G.H, Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global
Academy of Technology, Bengaluru – 560 098
ABSTRACT
This research focuses on the public's impression of organic agro products, mainly focusing on today’s
youth. The study focused on awareness about the product & its authenticity & quality of usage among
the young generations. According to the findings, organic food customers are fully aware of the benefits
of organic food due to its manufacturing methods. Although the results of certified and non-certified
organic food are identical, many distinct themes are explored, includes subcategories of health
incentives, various levels of trust, the role of the salesman, inelastic pricing, the role of organic food
cues, misleading marketing, and so on. Several kinds of organic food consumers are also identified
based on their consumption objectives. The study has added to the literature by providing a consumer
choice map that highlights critical elements that influence the purchasing of non-certified organic
products.
Key words: Organic farming, Youth, Organic products, Perception.
INTRODUCTION
Organic farming prioritizes healthy habitats, nutritious food, healthy plants, and healthy soils in
addition to crop production. Utilizing biological fertilizers and management techniques like crop
rotation and cover cropping, organic farmers improve soil quality and organic soil matter. Organic
farmers add more organic matter to the soil, which makes it better at absorbing water and lessens
the effects of drought and flooding. In addition, increasing the organic matter in the soil aids in the
absorption and storage of carbon and other nutrients, which are necessary for cultivating healthy
crops that are more resistant to diseases and insects. Organic farming practices do not employ
synthetic fertilizers, genetically modified (GM) seed, or pesticides. Oil seeds, fiber, sugar cane, cereals
and millets, cotton, pulses, aromatic and medicinal plants, fruits, spices, dry fruits, vegetables,
processed foods, and so on are all examples of organic foods. The edible sector is not the only area of
production; Other products produced include functional food products, organic cotton fiber, and
others.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Bai, V. Experimental study on total coliform violations in the complied NH2CL, O3, and UV
treated municipal water supply system. The European Physical Journal Plus, 137(6), 689 - The
organic food market in India is predicted to grow at a CAGR of over 25% between 2014 and 2019,
according to the report "India Organic Food Market Forecast and Opportunities, 2019". The country's
organic food industry receives its most astounding financial benefits from the western region, which
is followed by the southern region. Since many years, many people are especially aware that organic
food is considerably more important from the perspective of prosperity than is inorganic food.
Chandrashekar, H. M. (2014). Consumer’s perception towards organic products-A study in
Mysore city. International Journal of Research in Business Studies and Management, 1(1),
52-67. -- There is no universal definition of "organic," despite the fact that various nations have their
own requirements for items to be recognized as such. Natural components, preservatives, and
irradiation are absent from organic agricultural products, which are little treated to preserve the
food's purity. The word "natural" refers to a framework for creation that supports biological
control. What promotes biodiversity, natural cycles, and the organic movement of soil.
Mrs.D.Mythili, M. D. (2020, March). A study on consumer perception towards organics
products with reference to Coimbatore JETIR March 2020, 78 – The study revealed that Food
that was grown without the use of chemicals is referred to as organic food. All of the chemicals that
are frequently used to grow crops, such as herbicides, insecticides, and fertilizers, which are bad for
the environment and the human body, are not present in organic products.
1
www.ijemr.in
Poojary May 30, 2021- The study revealed that This new organic agricultural venture is altering
our eating habits and providing farmers with increased money. You are what you eat, they say. This
well-known adage sums up healthy eating, and there has been a surge in the use of organic and
chemical-free foods. The need for such products has fueled businesses' interest in growing organic
food. Nimble Growth Organics, with its headquarters in Bengaluru, is one such instance. The firm,
which was established in 2017 by Rahul Saria and Nagendra Kalkuli, grows a variety of organic
produce, including fruits, vegetables, exotics, and greens.
Eyinade, G. A., Mushunje, A., & Yusuf, S. F. G. (2021). The willingness to consume organic
food: A review. Food and agricultural immunology, 32(1), 78-104 – The study revealed that
Readiness to purchase and consume organic food numerous studies have compared various aspects of
organic and conventionally grown foods in connection to consumer attitudes, perceptions, and
preference for organic foods in light of the growing interest in naturally grown foods. This study
examines consumer desire to eat organic food, the characteristics of consumer knowledge and
awareness of organic food, and consumer attitudes and preferences toward foods farmed organically.
To create this work, articles from various peer-reviewed journals were utilized. The results of this
study demonstrate that factors impacting consumers' propensity to buy organic foods include
human health, food safety, attitudes and views, and willingness to pay a price.
Parmar, S., & Sahrawat Dr, S. (2019). A Consumer Awareness Study towards Purchasing of
Organic Products in Hisar City, In the eyes of consumers, organic products are becoming more and
more popular. Everyone relies on products that are cultivated, stored, and processed without the use
of chemical residues or artificial fertilizers because they are concerned about their health. The two
primary objectives of this empirical study are to ascertain the significance of the relationship
between the reasons consumers choose organic products and the benefits of using them, as well as
the relationship between the types of organic products they purchase and the benefits of using them.
Customers believed that consumers preferred organic goods over non-organic goods for health
reasons, followed by preferences for flavor, texture, and quality of the product.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To describe the various components of Organic Agro Products.
2. To explore the awareness level of youth towards Organic Agro Products.
3. To analyse youths‘ perception towards organic Agro Products
HYPOTHESIS
H0: Customers' monthly income and gender do not significantly correlate.
H1: Customers' monthly income and gender are significantly correlated.
H0: Age does not significantly correlate with awareness of organic products.
H1: There is a strong correlation between age and interest in organic products.
DATA AND METHODOLOGY
Empirical research
In today's world, empirical research is important because most people believe in what they see, hear,
or feel. Additionally, it expands human knowledge and continues to advance in a variety of fields.
Therefore, we prefer to select empirical research for this study.
Any study in which the findings are solely based on empirical evidence is considered empirical
research, and as a result, it constitutes verifiable evidence.
SAMPLING SIZE
The total number of samples chosen for the study from the sampling population is referred to as
sample size.
The study's sample size was set to 120 people.
TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION
The main techniques used in this study for data collection were Questionnaire and secondary source
analysis.
2
www.ijemr.in
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS -- ANALYSIS 1:

Utilized statistical tool: non-parametric chi-square test for attribute independence
Variable 1: Gender (Nominal scale)
Variable 2: Monthly income (Nominal scale)
H0: Customers' monthly income and gender do not significantly correlate.
H1: Customers' monthly income and gender are significantly correlated.
Chi square test for the association between gender and monthly Income of customers
GENDER MONTHLY INCOME CHI SQUARE P VALUE
Less than Up to Up to Above VALUE
10000 20000 30000 40000
Male 23 22 13 4 0.005
Female 29 8 9 13 12.65
Interpretation: Since H0 is rejected at the 5% level of significance because the P value is less than
.05, we conclude that there is no significant relationship between the gender of customers and their
monthly income for organic products
FINDINGS
 By the analysis it is recognized that 51.2% of the responses are from male consumer of the
organic product.
 The age group between18-25 are more respondents that can be said through 52.1%.
 For the analysis most of the responses that is 40.5% are from degree qualified people.
 53.7% customers who are students responded towards the study.
 Less than 10000 salaried people are the customers who are known towards the product that
can be through the percentage of 43%.
 65.3% of the respondents are aware of the organic products.
 Most of people are aware of organic agro products, which are available in local market that can
be said by 71.9%.
CONCLUSION
From the study we can conclude that the immunity of the people is reducing everyday due to
consumption of unhealthy food. People are facing many health issues such as hyper tension, thyroid,
and diabetes mainly due to consumption of food that are grown by using heavy pesticides. Shifting to
organic foods will increase the lifespan, promote healthy growth and save the environment too.
Though the study identifies that majority are neutral towards agro organic products, it is mostly
likely to increase in the near future. The organic products which are easily available in local stores
can be easily promoted by various media such as pop-up ads, social media, word of mouth,
campaigns and food tasting points. The agro products are sourced directly from the farmers which
increase the income of the farmers. Many of the general public has recently started to switch to agro
products for the health benefits it offers and quality of the products. The future of agro products is
plush in the country with variety of opportunities available for the producers.
REFERENCES
Chandrashekar, H. M. (2014). Consumer‘s perception towards organic products-A study in Mysore
city. International Journal of Research in Business Studies and Management, 1(1), 52-67.
Eyinade, G. A., Mushunje, A., & Yusuf, S. F. G. (2021). The willingness to consume organic food: A
review. Food and agricultural immunology, 32(1), 78-104.
Shafie, F. A., & Rennie, D. (2012). Consumer perceptions towards organic food. Procardia-Social
and Behavioural Sciences, 49, 360-367.
Shireesha, M., & Rao, S. C. (2018). A Study on Urban Consumers Perception towards Organic Food
Products. Journal of Business and Management, 20(6), 18-23.
Mrs.D.Mythili, M. D. (2020, March). A study on consumer perception towards organic products with
reference to Coimbatore city, JETIR, March,2020.
3
www.ijemr.in
A STUDY ON ―IMPACT OF TALENT ACQUISITION STRATEGIES ON EMPLOYEE

RETENTION IN IT SECTOR‖
Ms. NEHA. M, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy
Dr. ANITHA G.H, Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy
of Technology, Bengaluru
ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine whether talent acquisition strategies have an impact on employee
retention in IT sector. For this purpose, data is collected from the people who are between the age
group from 20 years to above 40 years in Bengaluru.
The study's objective is to discover how employee retention was impacted by talent acquisition.
Organizations need to identify knowledge gaps and keep developing strong performers for
potential jobs, according to research. I would also recommend mentorship programmes as well as
on-boarding and orientation processes. Employees should receive benefits and perks. Staff
members should also continuously receive performance comments. It is possible to observe
employees looking for recognition and rewards for their efforts. Employee development and career
advancement are usually wise investments because they represent an organization's most valuable
resource. It's important to acknowledge employees' contributions. It's also essential to give the
pursuit of work-life balance high importance.
INTRODUCTION
The function of human resources in a company is to discover, evaluate, hire, and train job
candidates. Talent acquisition is the process of identifying and hiring talented people and
individuals to satisfy a company's operating needs. To achieve the best results, companies must
have a people management strategy in place that was created specifically for their company.
Unfortunately, far too many companies hire the incorrect personnel. A flexible strategy for
developing an effective talent management strategy makes the most of the company's human
resources through innovative hiring and performance management techniques.
Key words: Acquisition strategies, Employee retention, Talent acquisition, hiring talented
candidates, effective talent management, performance management techniques.
SAMMY KAHARI Kigo, H Gachunga Strategic Journal of Business & Change
Management3 (2), 977-1004, 2016.
The study found that organizations used subsidized loan programmes as a talent attraction
technique, which suggests that the strategy would. It generates positive results and draws in more
talented people. According to the study‘s findings, the firm runs background checks on its
employees, indicating that it makes sure to hire or bring on board employees who are fully qualified
to uphold the standard and who are able to perform. The study found that the business had effective
on boarding programmes for new hires. This suggests that each new employee. They feel at peace
knowing that the on boarding Programme will prepare them for their upcoming responsibilities and
ensure a smooth integration into the company. Additionally, the Programme enables new hires to
serve as assistants' go-to people when necessary, giving them the opportunity to eventually.
Strategies for talent management: A study of select organizations in the UAE
Abhilasha Singh, Jyoti Sharma International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 2019
The retention of skilled people in the UAE is one of the biggest issues in a highly competitive
economy, to sum up. The UAE firms who want to keep their personnel should put more of their
attention into designing of long-term initiatives, which are more appealing to employees, and which
include implementing employee value propositions, which are lacking in the United Arab Emirates.
Companies typically deploy blunt tools like wage raises and incentive rewards in an effort to keep
valuable personnel.
A substantial price that can go above and above the direct costs of finding, hiring, and training each
new employee is voluntary turnover.
4
www.ijemr.in
However, more effective methods and improved talent management strategies. It is necessary to
establish leadership capabilities and succession planning in order to support personal progress.
Furthermore, the current study shares the same limitations as all other academic research.
Margaret Deery, Leo Jago International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality
Management, 2015
The issues identified in earlier literature as being the fundamental drivers of staff retention
remain essential, according to a review of more current research in the fields of talent management
and employee retention. The significance of managing WLB, however, has been found to be
crucial for keeping employees, particularly the more brilliant ones, in later literature. Although
WLB was noted as a problem in the earlier study, it was not acknowledged as a significant factor in
worker turnover or retention.
Syed Mansoor Pasha, Badiuddin Ahmed International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology 4 (4), 1384-1387, 2017
Both the service and information technology industries are highly people-driven, necessitating
effective staff management. To ensure that the organization has the correct personnel, talent
management is a crucial discipline. On an organization's and its employees' production and
productivity, talent management methods have a notable impact. To survive in the competitive
climate for an extended period of time, talent management methods that are properly aligned
with company goals and that foster a culture that values employees' contributions are essential.
1. To evaluate different talent acquisition strategies and their effect on worker retention.
2. To evaluate numerous elements and their influence on staff retention.
3. To discover different strategies for keeping employees on board that lower
employee turnover.
4. To investigate the impact of employee retention techniques on the IT industry.
HYPOTHESIS
H0: There is no significant relationship between the age and believe in transfer, demotion,
suspension and dismissal based on performance appraisal.
H1: There is a significant relationship between the age and believe in transfer, demotion, suspension
and dismissal based on performance appraisal.
H0: There is no significant relationship between the gender and the external source
for recruitment.
H1: There is a significant relationship between the gender and the external source for
recruitment.
Simple Random technique
A subset of a population is chosen at random in a basic random sampling. Each person in the
population has an exact equal probability of getting chosen using this sampling technique.
Of all the probability sampling techniques, this one is the easiest to understand because it only
needs one random selection and little prior population knowledge. Any research conducted with
this sample should have high internal and external validity and be less likely to be biased by factors
like sampling bias and selection bias because randomization is used.
SAMPLING SIZE
The sample size chosen for the study is 200.
analysis.
5
www.ijemr.in
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

ANALYSIS
1:
Statistical Tool: Chi square (non-parametric test)
Variable A: Age
Variable B: Do you think a performance review should be a factor in decisions like promotion,
demotion, suspension, and termination.
H0: There is no significant relationship between the age and believe in transfer, demotion,
H1: There is a significant relationship between the age and believe in transfer, demotion,
Output:
Age Do you think that performance reviews are used to determine promotions, Chi P
demotions, suspensions, and terminations. Square Value
Value
STRONGLY SOMEWHAT NEUTRAL STRONGLY SOMEWHAT
AGREE AGREE DISAGREE DISAGREE
20 - 25 31.0 47.0 30.0 18.0 1.0 8.3570 0.757
26 - 30 11.0 12.0 14.0 8.0 2.0
30 - 35 4.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 0.0
Above 40 4.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 00
Years
Interpretation: We find that there is a substantial correlation between age and the level of
significance (5% in this case), and that transfer, demotion, suspension, and dismissal are all
based on performance evaluation because P value is more than 0.5, H0 is accepted, and H1 is
rejected.
Findings:
This study is being done to find out what people think should be done about how talent acquisition
techniques affect employee retention in the IT industry. Data has been gathered for this purpose
from 200 respondents who are older than 20. The following reports are based on the analysis that
was completed:
 According to the data, the majority of responders are between the ages of 20 and 25. Nearly equal
numbers of men and women responded.
 According to the analysis, the majority of respondents occasionally concur that implementing the
three R's (Recognition, Reward, and Respect) will improve employee retention.
 The vast majority of respondents agreed that both internal and external sources of hiring should
be used. External recruiters assert that campus selection is the best choice. And in response to
internal hiring, respondents thought that prioritising the present workforce was the greatest
approach to attract talent and keep employees.
 According to the analysis, the vast majority of respondents slightly concur to continuously hire
top-tier personnel.
 According to the analysis, money attracts the majority of potential employees rather than career
advancement and development.
 It has been noted that strategies are frequently chosen in accordance with the state of the market.
Conclusion:
Finding and hiring the best potential applicants, who are a significant source and benefit to the
organization's growth and development, is a vital task for talent acquisition in businesses. Investing
in talent gives you a competitive edge. The main goal is to make the hiring process more strategic
and appropriate for the objectives of the firm. Through the study, it was found that staff retention
rates are significantly impacted by talent acquisition techniques. Salary, among other factors, has a
significant impact in retaining and luring employees. High-caliber hires would be extremely
productive and contribute to the organization's superior growth and development. Some prospective
employees are more drawn to large salaries than professional advancement and development.
6
www.ijemr.in
Employers spend a lot of money on recruiting and educating new employees. Therefore, employee
turnover is a potential loss for every business. Successful retention strategies are used by HR
managers to try and lower attrition.
References:
Kigo, S. K., & Gachunga, H. (2016). Effect of talent management strategies on employee retention
in the insurance industry. Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 3(2), 977-1004.
Deery, M., & Jago, L. (2015). Revisiting talent management, work-life balance and retention
strategies. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Pasha, S. M., & Ahmed, B. (2017). A study on talent management strategies in IT
industry. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(4), 1384-1387.
Singh, A., & Sharma, J. (2015). Strategies for talent management: A study of select organizations in
the UAE. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 23(3), 337-347.
7
www.ijemr.in
A STUDY ON ―WORK LIFE BALANCE STRATEGIES OF FEMALE EMPLOYEES IN HOSPITALITY

INDUSTRY‖ WITH REFERENCE TO FORTIS.
Ms. R. LISHA, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Technology, Bengaluru – 560 098
Prof. ANITHA G.H, Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
ABSTRACT
This study explores the work-life balance strategies employed by female employees in the hospitality
industry, with a specific focus on Fortis. The study reviews existing literature and presents survey
results from female Fortis employees. Findings indicate that flexible work schedules, telecommuting,
and support from family and colleagues are among the strategies used to manage work-life balance.
The study highlights the importance of organizational support in facilitating work-life balance, and
concludes by emphasizing the need for more attention and support for work-life balance strategies in
the hospitality industry, particularly for female employees.
I. INTRODUCTION
Today, finding a work-life balance is the most difficult problem that both individuals and companies
must deal with. Maintaining a healthy work-life balance is getting harder because of this pressure,
especially for female professionals in the hospitality industry. Yet, working in the hospitality industry
would put additional strain on women because they must complete their tasks on time or risk having
problems with their profession. As a female doctor and nurse, you must exercise extreme
responsibility because even a small error can have a serious negative impact on your life and
reputation. Being really responsible and engaged at work is crucial. In order to reduce errors or
blunders, one needs be able to manage stress. Being self-conscious would naturally cut down on
errors. Also, they are able to maintain a healthy work-life balance without becoming more stressed.
Keywords: Work life balance, Personal Life, Professional Life, Work pressures, Social support.
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
DR.C. KATHARIVAN (2022) has concluded that Through SEM examinations, various pointers were
used to quantify work-life equalisation, something that hasn't been done in the observational
evaluation of this field of study. It might have more solid credibility if the scale used in the current
study could be created for use in further research. Furthermore, it's possible that unobserved factors
had an impact on the links the current study was looking at. Future research looking at diverse
determinants of the relationships between the perception of workplace practices and representative
success could expand and clarify the model used in this study.
ABDULLAH MOHAMMED (2020) has said that the Studies have shown that prejudices in the
workplace and situations that may have an impact on their family lives are realities for female
healthcare workers. Reduced work hours, flexible scheduling, and part-time employment are some
ways that might support women in the workplace, which improves and encourages gender equality
in healthcare companies.
TING LIU, JIE GAO, (2021) Human resources are taken as the core and primary sources of
productivity. Hospitality organizations are keen to understand the status of the employees and to
subsequently design effective strategies. In particular, the term ―work-life balance‖ is often employed
in HR strategies for women (Fan, 2011). Accordingly, the present paper addresses the importance of
work-life balance in women‘s organizational commitment and investigates the effect of
sociodemographic factors on their work-life balance and organizational commitment. The results of
this study provide the following three implications, both theoretical and practical.
HONORATA RATNAWATI DWI PUTRANTI (2019) says Job satisfaction is positively and
significantly impacted by work-life balance. Because it is meant to lessen the stress between work
and life for employees, particularly female nurses, the life balance of a person should evenly balance
leisure time, family, religion, and job including career and ambition. By developing family-friendly
benefit packages that support nurse welfare, hospitals will assist female nurses in balancing their
lives and work so that they do not have to neglect their obligations.
8
www.ijemr.in
SANA SHABIR AND ABDUL GANI (2019) Despite needing further HR interventions to improve their
WLB, it was discovered that the women health care professionals in the study were content with the
level of WLB. The most crucial element for reaching a higher degree of WLB, according to women
employees, was effectiveness at work, which was then followed by work-life interference, WPS, and
SWLB. The findings also showed that women employees are committed to their organizations, but
that this kind of commitment was mostly connected with the OC's continuation component,
indicating a lack of prospects in the context of the health-care business.
However, they did not feel strongly obligated to stay with their respective organizations because
working in any healthcare institution gave them the same levels of satisfaction, considering the well-
being of others as the primary work motive. Women employees also reported feeling emotionally
attached to their employers. Many employees, however, did not believe they were required to respond
to an organization's requirements, especially if competing organizations offered better working
circumstances.
OBJECTIVES
1. To ascertain the impact of stress and other factors on women's professionals and personal life and
to devise the strategies to overcome them.
2. To ascertain whether there is a significant correlation between demographic factors and work life
balance strategies of women employees at Forties.
3. To assess the variables/factors affecting the work life balance and their impact on employee‘s
performance.
HYPOTHESIS
H0: There is no significance difference between professional and personal life regarding to stress.
H1: There is a significance difference between professional and personal life regarding to stress.
H0: There is a no significant correlation between demographic factors and work life balance
strategies of women employees.
H1: There is a significant correlation between demographic factors and work life balance strategies of
women employees.
H0: There is no impact on average time spent on family and in company.
H1: There is impact on average time spent on family and in company.
RESEARCH DESIGN
To accomplish the goals, an empirical investigation was carried out. Analyzing the effects of work-life
balance on the personal and professional lives of female employees. The research design is causal
and descriptive in character. Since the goal is to investigate and characterize the current state of
work-life balance among working women at Fortis Hospital from the perspective of the employees, as
well as to show the impact of work-life balance on both personal and professional life by using
parametric statistics (correlation and chi square). In the Fortis hospital, this study explores the
causal connections between work-life balance, personal life, and professional life.
SAMPLING SIZE
Sample size constituted of 200 employees of Fortis hospital industry. Employees of Fortis hospital
were randomly selected.
analysis.
TECHNIQUES FOR DATA ANALYSIS
The information of all the questionnaires was coded and entered in the computer by using MS-Excel
and Jamovi Software. Descriptive Analysis, Correlation and Regression techniques was used to
analyse data in the study.
9
www.ijemr.in
IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

ANALYSIS: 1
Statistical tool: Correlation.
H0: There is no impact on average time spent on family and in company.
H1: There is impact on average time spent on family and in company.
Output:
Showing the result of Correlation.
Correlations How long have you Do you believe you
been with the spend enough time
company? to your family?
How long have you been with
Pearson 1 .089
the company? correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) .208
N 200 200
Do you believe you spend Pearson .089 1
enough time to your Correlation
family? Sig. (2-tailed) .208
N 200 200
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
From the above table it is observed that the significant value which is equal to 0.208 is greater
than 0.05 and H0 is accepted at 5% of significance. Hence, it is concluded that there is a
significant relationship between how long have you been with company and believe you spend
enough time to your family.
FINDINGS
 The employees in the organisation are agreed to some extend for the initiatives to manage
work life balance regarding job sharing option, allow work from home, help with child care,
provided with healthcare benefit‘s and social policies.
 Employees have been satisfied towards the impact of workplace variables regarding the king
working hours, Team consuming formalities in work, lack of communication, traveling distance
from home to work, and relationship with peers.
 Most of employees are enjoying the benefits which is provided in the organisation regarding
the policy for employees of job security improvement, reducing the stress level, overtime
management control.
 The organization's employees having agreed that the work-life balance policy should be
adjusted to meet their specific needs.
 According to a survey, employees of an organization agree that striking a healthy work- life
balance will increase a business' effectiveness and success.
 The organization's employees having agreed that the work-life balance policy should be adjusted
to meet their specific needs.
 According to a survey, employees of an organization agree that striking a healthy work life balance
will increase a business' effectiveness and success
CONCLUSION
To get a whole picture of a person's work and family life, researchers who study work-family roles
should consider a range of factors, such as job stress, quality of life, mental health, and work
expectations. It is also crucial to look into many waves of data collecting over a longer period of time
in order to properly understand how work family responsibilities have changed over time.
Investigating the impacts of life stages (such as marriage, parenthood, and child rearing) on issues
related to work and family requires doing longitudinal research. The current research indicates that
married women employees experience WFC when juggling work and family responsibilities.
REFERENCES
Ayesha Masood, (2017) ―A doctor in the house: Balancing work and care in the life of women doctors
in Pakistan, Arizona state university‖ May 2017.
10
www.ijemr.in
Ashley C. Weitzman, MD (2014) ―Barriers to success for female physicians in academic medicine,
journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives‖ 4:3, 24665, DOI: 10.3402/jchimp.
V4.24665.
Chandran, K. S., & Abukhalifeh, A. N. (2021). Systematic literature review of research on work-life
balance in hospitality industry since millennium. Review of Integrative Business and Economics
Research, 10(1)
Christopher Bagley (2018). Personality, work life balance, hardiness, and vocation: A typology of
nurses and nursing values in a special sample of English hospitalnurses.Sci.2018, (4),79
G. Delina, DR. Prabhakar Raya (2013) ―A study on work life balance in working women‖. ISSN: 2319-
2828 Vol. 2, N0. 5
Hooper Smith, M. (2022). Valuing Moments of Connection: The experiences of hospital midwives in
maternity units in Aotearoa/New Zealand (Doctoral dissertation, Open Access Te Herenga Waka-
Victoria University of Wellington).
Himalia Lakhera, (2019) ―A study on impact of work life balance among the female employees of
hospitality sector in India. JETIR May 2019, volume 6, Issue 5. www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)
Honorata Ratnawati Dwi Putranti (2018), ―Organizational commitment of hospital nurses: Empirical
study on work life balance and burnout management‖. ISSN 2219-8229 E-ISSN 2224-0136 2018,
9(3):235-248.
Inderjeet Yadav, K. (2020). Women‘s Work-life balance in Hospitality. Annals of the Romanian Society
for Cell Biology
Jyoti Peshave, DR. Kirti Gupta. ―Challenges in the career progression of women in hospitality
industry-a review of literature‖ (2017). International journal of commerce and management research,
ISSN:2455-1627, Impact factor: RJIF 5.22. www.mangaejournal.com. Volume 3, Issue 2.
Kandel, A., & Chhetri, B. T. (2021). Work-Life Balance among Nurses Working in Tertiary Level
Hospital. Nepal Medical Journal, 4(1)
Samuel, E. M. (2022). An Exploratory Study on the Work Life Balance of Married Indian Working
Women in Bahrain. Arab Economic and Business Journal, 14(2)
Shabir, S., & Gani, A. (2020). Impact of work–life balance on organizational commitment of women
health-care workers: Structural modelling approach. International Journal of Organizational
Analysis, 28(4)
11
www.ijemr.in
A COMPARITIVE STUDY ON ORGANOZED GROCERY RETAIL SECTOR AND UNORGANIZED

GROCERY RETAIL SECTOR
Ms. Surabhi G, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Prof. Anitha G H,Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
ABSTRACT
The business activity of selling goods and services to customers for their own use is known as
retailing. It includes everything from clothing, food, furniture, and household goods to automobiles,
medicines, clothing, movie tickets, stationery, and all kinds of services, including banking and
insurance. Therefore, retailing is the final stage of the distribution chain during which products and
services are sold to end users. This study looks at the various areas of the organized retail industry
on which they need to concentrate in order to expand their market and the important factors that
have already been implemented. According to the respondents, the study reveals that organized lacks
fast service, home delivery, location, and relationship factors, as well as poor meat quality.
Discounted prices, offers, variety, one-stop service, ambience, and parking are strong factors for the
organized sector. These factors are attracting customers and giving them a lot of preference. The
cleanliness of the store is excellent, the regular prices are excellent, and the quality of the product,
bakery products, and milk products are also of very high quality.
INTRODUCTION
The history of retail markets and shops dates back a very long way. Retailing is the business of
making a profit by selling consumer goods or services to customers through multiple distribution
channels. A supply chain identifies retailers that meet demand. Retailing is done by any business
that sells to end users, whether it is a manufacturer, wholesaler, or retailer. It doesn't matter where
the goods or services are sold—in a store, on the street, or in the home of the customer—or how they
are sold—by person, mail, telephone, vending machine, or online. As a result, a retailer provides
services to consumers, manufacturers, and wholesalers as well as value-creating functions like
offering a variety of goods and services to customers, breaking bulk, and holding inventory.
Keywords: - Organized retail sector, unorganized retail sector, retailers, wholesalers and
manufacturer.
S Atulkar, Bikrant Kesari (2019) After reading numerous articles, it has been found that customers
have a wide range of options from contemporary retail establishments because of changing
demographics, urbanisation, and awareness owing to electronic media, notably the internet. The
majority of clients visit organised formats because they offer diversity, ease of availability,
cleanliness, as well as the option of kid-friendly entertainment, nearby restaurant and parking
space, etc.
Rajesh K Yadav, Manoj Verma (2018) According to the report, organised retail stores are becoming
more popular among young, high-income consumers who previously preferred to buy at
neighbourhood Kirana stores for their groceries. Customers are more satisfied because they feel they
are getting more for their money when they acquire items at lower prices. Get more deals, variety,
and service at a well-organized retail location. According to the current survey, those who want to
shop and be entertained should go to malls and hyper/supermarkets because they offer amenities
like food courts, multiplexes, and background music.
KC Mittal, Mahesh Arora, Anupama Parashar (2020) The development of entrepreneurship and the
creation of job opportunities are essential for the efficient use of resources and capital. The Kolhapur
district's rice mills experience issues with sourcing raw materials, using unscientific production
techniques, failing to properly train employees, obtaining financing, marketing issues, etc.
Urvashi Gupta, Virender Kumar Tandon (2019) The goal of the current study was to better
understand the shifts in consumer perceptions toward conventional retailers and innovative retail
models. It was noted that customers have a variety of options to pick from, including modern retail
outlets and neighbourhood businesses, due to changing demographics, an increase in DINKS
families, urbanisation, and awareness thanks to electronic media, notably the internet.
12
www.ijemr.in
Paromita Goswami, Mridula S Mishra (2020) Both kiranas and organised merchants have certain
positive and negative characteristics that can entice or repel customers. The study's key findings are
that organised retailers are favoured for their cleanliness, offers, and unique store brands are
favoured over kiranas due to their location and potential for MS. The value a consumer places on any
of the aforementioned qualities of the store will primarily determine how often they visit. The data
also reveals that organised merchants outperform kiranas, which indicates that customers are
seeking out superior qualities in terms of offers, cleanliness, and shop brands.
OBJECTIVES
• To understand how unorganised retailers see organised retailers.
• To research what makes consumers choose to buy from organised retailers versus those who don't.
• To research how the retail industry, both organised and disorganised, affects consumers.
HYPOTHESIS
H0: There is no significance relation between gender and the people visiting organised retail outlets
frequently.
H1: There is a significance relation between gender and the people visiting organized retail outlets
frequently.
H0: There is no significance relation between education and their preference to visit organized retail
sector.
H1: There is a significance relation between education and their preference to visit organized retail
sector.

RESEARCH DESIGN: - A research design is only the structural framework for the many study
procedures and approaches that a researcher employs. With the help of a research strategy and a
methodical approach, a researcher can continue their journey into the unknown.
SOURCE OF THE DATA: - Data, which is an accumulation of measurements and facts, can be used
by an individual or organisation to investigate and reach a sound conclusion. Data is information
that supports it, including both theoretical understanding and exact numerical facts. The initial
phase in statistical research is data collection, and primary or secondary sources might be used.
Primary source: - By interviewing the respondents to a questionnaire, primary data have been
gathered.
TYPES OF RESEARCH: -
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH: - Descriptive research refers to the study's design, data analysis, and
research questions that were used to investigate the topic. We call it an observational research
method as none of the study variables are impacted in any manner.
SAMPLE SIZE: - Sample size chosen for the study is 100.
INSTRUMENTAL DESIGN: - Questionnaire
ANALYSIS: - 1
Statistical tool: - Chi-square
Variables: - Independent- Gender
Dependent- Visiting organised retail outlets frequently
H0: There is no significance relation between gender and the people visiting organised retail outlets
frequently.
H1: There is a significance relation between gender and the people visiting organized retail outlets
frequently.
13
www.ijemr.in
How often do you shop at organised retail Pearson

establishments? chi square
Less 4-8 8-12 1 year
than 3 months months
months P value
Gender male 31 6 2. 1
female 38 19 3 0. 7.654 .034
Total 69 25 5 1
INTERPRETATION: -
A p-value of 0.032 H0 is acceptable at a 5% level of significance, as the previous table demonstrates.
Therefore, it can be said that there is no connection between gender and the number of times people
frequent organised retail outlets.
FINDINGS
 The majority of respondents were found to be between the ages of 20 and 25. It was found that
women responded the most.
 It was found that most of them are postgraduate courses. The majority of respondents were
found to be single; it was discovered.
 The findings indicate that the most of respondents are under the age of 35000.
 It was discovered that the most of respondents chose quality.
 It was found that the most of respondents prefer the superior service.
CONCLUSION
This study examines the important factors that have already been implemented as well as the
various areas of the organized retail industry on which they need to focus in order to expand their
market. The study reveals that organized lacks fast service, home delivery, location, relationships,
and poor meat quality, according to respondents. The organized sector thrives on special deals,
discounts, variety, one-stop service, ambiance, and parking. Customers are choosing your business
over others because of these factors. The store is spotless, the prices are reasonable, and the bakery
and milk products, as well as the products themselves, are of exceptionally high quality.
REFERENCES
• Atulkar, S., & Kesari, B. (2019). A review on art of creating values in retail for improving business
performance. Journal of Business Administration Research, 7(1), 22-26.
• Mittal, K. C., Arora, M., & Parashar, A. (2020). An Empirical Study on factors affecting consumer
preferences of shopping at organized retail stores in Punjab. KAIM journal of management and research,
3(2), 38-40.
• Gupta, U., & Tandon, V. K. (2019). Changing consumer preferences from unorganized retailing towards
organized retailing: A study in Jammu. Journal of emerging knowledge on emerging markets, 4(1), 10.
• Goswami, P., & Mishra, M. S. (2020). Would Indian consumers move from Kirana stores to organized
retailers when shopping for groceries? Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 21(1), 127-143.
• Hussain, M. F., & Mohideen, R. K. (2019). an Empirical Study on Organized Retail Outlet and
Consumer Perception towards Retail Stores in Tiruchirappalli City. City, 7(2), 489-496.
• Kiran, R., & Jhamb, D. (2021). A strategic framework for consumer preferences towards emerging retail
formats. Journal of emerging knowledge on emerging markets, 3(1), 25.
• Jain, D. S. (2021). A Critical Study of Consumer Preferences Towards Organized Retail in Jaipur.
IJRCM, Issue, 10.
• Sangvikar, B., Kolte, A., & Pawar, A. (2019). Competitive strategies for unorganised retail business:
understanding structure, operations, and profitability of small mom and pop stores in India. Sangvikar,
B., Kolte, A. and Pawar, A. (2019). Competitive Strategies for Unorganised Retail Business: Understanding
Structure, Operations, and Profitability of Small Mom and Pop Stores in India. International Journal on
Emerging Technologies, 10(3), 253-259.
14
www.ijemr.in
―PURCHASE INTENTION OF GREEN PRODUCTS IN CONSUMERS‖

Mr. Rahul. A, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies,
Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru – 560 098
Dr S Gokula Krishnan, Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies,
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to examine the variables influencing consumers' inclination to buy
green products. Green products are sold separately from conventional goods on the market, so it's
interesting to learn what society actually thinks of them and what influences their desire and
intention to buy green goods. This study offers an analysis of what green products are, how they
benefit the environment, and factors influencing customers' decision to purchase them. There are
two main goals for this study: to analyse the association between demographic parameters and
the intention to buy environmentally friendly products, and to evaluate the variables influencing
this intention. Annova, a correlation test, and linear step regression analysis are among the
approaches employed in this study.
Keywords: Green Products, Demography, Perceived Value of Product, Green Packaging, Green
Branding, Green Marketing
INTRODUCTION
Green marketing is a broader concept than just promoting or advertising products with
environmental advantages. It covers a wide range of activities, such as product modification, changes
to the manufacturing process, better packaging, and advertising modifications. Green products are
defined by the OECD as goods that can prevent and reduce harm to the environment, and many
supermarkets and department stores are investing in biodegradable plastic bags and packaging.
Environmental marketing is any activity designed to generate and support any exchanges intended
to satisfy human needs or desires while causing the least amount of environmental harm.
N.R. NARESH Because many businesses have failed miserably utilizing this strategy, green
marketing cannot be generalized as a success recipe for all marketers. It is obvious that effective
green marketing may help business units achieve their goals, but every marketer struggles with how
to implement such campaigns and which methods to apply.
Clare D’Souza1, Mehdi Taghian2, Peter Lamb and Roman Peretiatko1 To determine whether
Australian green consumers are satisfied with environmental labelling, this study looked at their
demographic profiles. It looked at customers' perceptions of labelling and conducted an empirical
investigation into the relationship between respondents' demographic profiles and their responses to
labels. The potential for Type III third party labelling to lessen the degree of unhappiness with, and
the perception of inaccuracy of, green product labels has been considered.
Jayesh Patel 1 & Ashwin Modi2,3 & Justin Paul3, purchase of environmentally friendly products,
environmental awareness, to a collection of environmentally sound actions conducted in many
contexts. Prior research has not been successful in tying demographic factors to all the linked PEB
components, such as recycling or waste disposal (Diamantopoulos et al. 2003). This study adds to
the body of green literature by examining the fundamental characteristics and nature of PEB in
conjunction with demographics. It also provides a segmentation base. Therefore, testing a correlation
between socio-demographics and PEB enabling interaction is our primary goal.
Dr. Priyanka Chawla Dr. Ashok Jhawar The study's findings demonstrate that individuals
nowadays are more educated and read and have a high level of care for environmental preservation.
They firmly believe that using green marketing as a tool may help businesses expand
competitively and sustainably. It is important to educate those who do not use or do not choose to
buy green products about their usefulness, durability, and favourable effects on the environment and
consumer health. It is anticipated that all environmental stakeholders will adhere to Vasudev
Kutumbakam's theory, which holds that the earth is like a single family made up of ecosystems.
15
www.ijemr.in
Dr.mugeshwaran The necessity for additional research is highlighted by a few of this study's flaws.
Peer contact and ecological consciousness are the only two characteristics taken into consideration
in the current study. Other elements like composition, energy efficiency, packaging, brand,
marketing communication, material used to make, etc. can also be considered as impacting green
purchasing behaviour. This study was restricted to Punjab; future research may broaden its scope.
OBJECTIVES
1. To Categories eco-friendly products and feature them exclusively.
2. To use recycled material.
3. To utilize email service to target customers
HYPOTHESIS
H0: Green product purchase intentions are substantially influenced by perceived product value.
H1: The purchasing intent of a product is substantially influenced by green packaging and
branding.
4.1 Correlation Matrix
Correlation purchase perceived Green Green Green
Matrix intention value of branding packaging marketing
product
purchase Pearson's r
intention —
p-value —
perceived Pearson's r
value of 0.713 —
product
p-value < .001 —
Green Pearson's r 0.736 0.722 —
branding
p-value < .001 < .001 —
Green Pearson's r 0.536 0.558 0.589 —
packaging
p-value < .001 < .001 < .001 —
Green Pearson's r 0.609 0.636 0.658 0.576 —
marketing
p-value < .001 < .001 < .001 < .001 —
The perceived value of product p = is 0.001 which is < 0.05 hence it is not significant. Green
branding p value is 0.001 which is < 0.05 hence it is not significant. Green packaging p = is 0.001
which is < 0.05 hence it is significant. Green marketing p value is 0.001 < 0.05 hence it is
significant.
FINDINGS
 The study's findings demonstrated a substantial positive association between three
independent variables and the desire to make green purchases. The results of this study can help
various industries better and enhance their use of green marketing while also raising customer
interest in buying green goods.
 As we looked at consumer purchase intentions for green products, we looked at how
consumers assessed the value of the product in terms of its green packaging, branding, and
marketing.
 Given that the green branding value is less than 5%, the green packaging value is more than
40.20
 where age and gender are more than THE RESIDUALS in demography
 Hearing that purchase intent is 71% and green branding is 50% and green packaging is 57%
shows that purchasing should be prioritized over branding and packaging.
16
www.ijemr.in
CONCLUSION
The perceived worth of eco-friendly items in relation to other products and services on the market.
Through ongoing support from the government, producers should be pushed to adopt a sustainable
method, particularly in the packaging, branding, and manufacture of their goods. The ongoing
marketing effort and knowledge-sharing activities will help raise customer awareness, which will
encourage them to buy environmentally friendly goods. Despite all the advantages that can be gained
from using green products, households regrettably have a tendency to hesitate when faced with
higher costs. Green products should be priced similarly to conventional ones if long-term
environmental advantages outweigh the potential for profit, as this will promote use.
REFERENCES
1. *Dr.A.HEMA MALINI*N.R.NARESH
DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT OF GREEN MARKETING & CONSUMER PERCEPTION;
2. Clare D‘Souza1 , Mehdi Taghian2 , Peter Lamb3 and Roman Peretiatko
Green decisions: demographics and consumer understanding of environmental labels
3. Jayesh Patel 1 & Ashwin Modi2,3 & Justin Paul3,4
Pro-environmental behavior and socio-demographic factors in an emerging market
4. Dr. Ashok Jhawar Dr. Priyanka Chawla
GREEN PURCHASING AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF INDIAN CONSUMERS
Dr. Priyanka Chawla
5. Dr. Rajeev Prasher.
THE ADOPTION OF GREEN PRODUCTS: A STUDY BASED ON DEMOGRAPHIC
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS IN PUNJAB
Data Taken From: MENDELEY DATA
LINK: https: https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/vxj5n49s95
17
www.ijemr.in
STUDY OF CUSTOMER STISFACTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING

Mr.Shoaib Pasha M, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Acdemy of
Technology, Bengalaru-506698
ABSTRACT
Making purchases from merchants who have online stores is known as online shopping. Retailers
have been attempting to target consumers who spend a lot of time on the internet because of it. It's
now simpler than ever to shop from the convenience of your home. Consumers can easily purchase
things from online merchants and companies who sell their goods online. With an online store,
customers can purchase anything from toys and books to clothing and home appliances. Many
people shop online because it's so convenient to do so. The importance of customers in today's
market has been emphasised by an increasing number of academics and experts. The level of client
satisfaction is directly correlated with it.
INTRODUCTION
Online purchases are made directly from sellers in real-time over the internet, without the use of a
middleman service. Online shopping is the practice of buying goods and services from sellers, or
merchants, on the internet. Businesses have worked hard to promote their products to those who
use the World Wide Web to conduct their daily lives online ever since it first appeared. Consumers
can make purchases while lounging in their homes in front of laptops. Customers use online stores
to buy a variety of products. The popularity of online shopping is growing today. More and more
people are making purchases online for goods and services, as well as for product information or just
for pleasure. As a result, the connection between
A STUDY ON THE CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING IN CHENNAI CITY
(M. RAJESWARI)feb2015: The objective of this study, named "A Study on Consumer Happiness
towards Internet Shopping in Chennai City," is to pinpoint the factors that influence customer
happiness and that influence consumers' decisions to make purchases online. A descriptive research
design was chosen for this investigation. A well-structured questionnaire was made and distributed
in order to collect samples from various parts of Chennai. Because it required a variety of
respondents with prior experience of online purchasing, the judgement sampling method was used.
105 respondents were used as the sample size for the investigation.
CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND CONSUMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING(Dr.
Chandra Prakash Kulshreshtha, Dr. Ravindra Kumar Kate)December/2020: Online shopping is
one of the "most important" things in today's society. Consumers prefer it because it offers
substantial discounts and saves time. They may not realise it, but it's a gathering of consumers.
Success is significantly influenced by the degree of customer satisfaction produced. The degree to
which a product or service succeeds or fails in living up to a customer's expectations is known as
customer satisfaction. It is an important metric used to assess overall success in enterprises. In a
market where firms fight for clients on a constant basis, customer pride is apparent as a crucial
differentiator in contemporary advertising and has steadily developed into a key characteristic in
modern marketing-related business methods. Many facets of life have been profoundly impacted by
the contemporary era.
A Study On Customer Satisfaction Towards Online Shopping In Retail Industry (Dr.V.
Dhayalan,R.Chitraa,N.LakshmiNarasimhan,Dr.Maranmarimuthu, V.Manjula)April/2020: Online
shopping is the main factor in both client appeal and satisfaction. In today's technologically
advanced world, the majority of businesses rely on internet shopping to both attract new customers
and satisfy their current ones. This study is based on the idea that internet purchasing has a
positive impact on customer satisfaction in the retail sector. The primary goal of this research paper
has been to ascertain how the retail business has been impacted by online shopping. Together with
achieving this objective, the research paper also seeks to determine the degree of client satisfaction
with the products and services offered by retail establishments. The research study also aimed to
ascertain how the development of consumer behaviour has been impacted by internet purchase.
18
www.ijemr.in
A STUDY ON CONSUMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS ONLINE PURCHASING IN FLIPKART WITH

SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KURICHI IN TIRUNELVELI CITY(Dr. U. Jothimani, C. Jeya
Gowri)December/2020: "The behaviours that customers take when searching for something can be
used to identify consumer habits. buying, analysing, and dismissing items as well as concepts,
offerings, and services that they think will satisfy their needs. The study of consumer
behaviourtherefore concentrates on how individuals choose how to spend their money, time, and
effort on items related to consuming. It should be mentioned, though, that modern research on
consumer behaviour takes into account much more than just the "what, why, how, when, where,
and how frequently" components of consumer behaviour and also considers how customers use the
things they purchase.
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARD ONLINE SHOPPING IN DELHI NCR (Ms. Sujata)
September/2022: As businesses transition from traditional retail locations to online interfaces,
understanding the elements affecting customer happiness while making purchases online has
become increasingly important. The worth of consumers is increased via online sales. allows
businesses to more swiftly and efficiently serve customers. This makes it more crucial than ever to
have a thorough awareness of the elements influencing customer satisfaction while making online
transactions. This research aims to propose an updated SERVQUAL model to the context of online
shopping in order to characterise how customers evaluate the quality of online purchases. The
primary objective of this empirical study is to investigate the critical factors influencing online
consumer happiness.
OBJECTIVES
• To ascertain the degree of client satisfaction with online purchases.
• To comprehend the distinctive drivers of online buying.
• To determine how happy customers are with the convenience of internet shopping.
• Assists the organisation in remaining current with emerging trends and consumer requests.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Explanatory, exploratory, and descriptive research design strategies all exist in the field of research
design. Explanatory research design is a useful tool for discovering the root causes of research
issues. Finding and emphasizing important issues and relevant background information are made
easier using exploratory research design.
RESEARCH STRATEGY
a researcher's research strategy is an important aspect in gathering useful information about various
research techniques and projects. Interview, focus group, case study, interview, and survey are only
few of the methods employed in the research plan. Secondary data collecting may benefit from these
techniques. Direct information collecting is not used in this study at all. Secondary data analysis has
been used to acquire information on the population as a whole. Secondary data has been gathered
via the use of online library resources, academic publications, as well as websites and media reports.
TOOL FOR STATISTICS USED
Primary research data on the subject topic were gathered using the research questionnaire. As a
result, original data gained through surveys has also been collected and altered using MS Excel.
Nonetheless, qualitative information from the using MS Word.
QUESTIONNAIRES
1.What is your age group?
2.What is your gender?
3. Do you believe that Online purchasing has more advantages over traditional shopping than
conventional methods?
4. Have you ever made a purchase using an internet retailer?
5. Do you believe that purchasing online provides you with better access to product?
19
www.ijemr.in
6. Do you believe that internet shopping may assist the company in providing clients with a more
complete service?
7. Does internet buying seem safe and secure to you, or do you have any concerns?
8. Online shopping allows you to compare products from several firms, which, in your opinion, helps
in finding the greatest deal?
9. Why do you prefer purchasing online?
10. Do you believe that internet buying may help you build a relationship with a company?
RESULTS
Results are shown in chart form and each question has its own interpretation which summarize the
results of respondents, here the blue colour shows result of strongly agree, red colour moderately
thinking, orange neutral thinking and finally green not thinking.
FINDINGS
* The researcher asked the respondent how old they were. Respondents were given a choice of four
options. Ages 18 to 35, 36 to 49, and 50 and older were all on the table as options. According to the
data collected, a total of 51.9% of those surveyed were between the ages of 18 and 25. 34.6% of those
surveyed, a staggering number, were between the ages of 26 and 35. The remaining 2.9 percent of
respondents were over the age of 50, making up the remaining 10.6 percent of respondents who were
between the ages of 36 and 50.
* After identifying the age range of the chosen participants, the respondents wanted to know their
gender. The option of selecting a gender was given to both sexes. The survey was completed by 104
participants, and 59 of them, or 56.7%, were men. 43.3% of the sample's responders were female.
* Before asking respondents whether they thought online shopping may offer more benefits and
conveniences than traditional shopping, age and gender information was gathered. The reaction was
largely positive, with 63.5% of respondents believing that online shopping offered a number of
benefits over more conventional ways, such as efficiency. For 16.3% of those surveyed, online
shopping hasn't changed anything and they don't believe it has. The remaining 20.2% of respondents
choose not to respond to this specific question
CONCLUSION
Marketing professionals now face a new obstacle: determining what consumers desire from internet
purchases. Marketing professionals can gain a competitive edge over their rivals by learning about
consumer attitudes towards online shopping, improving the aspects that encourage customers to
shop online, and focusing on the variables that influence consumers to shop online.
In conclusion, online shopping has had, and will continue to have, a significant influence on our
culture. Many people may now live more easily because to the greater accessibility that
contemporary technology has made possible. As a result of its extensive selection, quick turnaround,
and affordable prices, online shopping has a significant impact on individuals all over the world. Yet,
the idea of internet shopping created the possibility for fraud and
REFERENCE
1) A Study on Customer Satisfaction towards Flipkart Online Service(Prof. Dhwani Bhavsar1 ,
Suraj Kumar Pal,)March 2022:
2) CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING WITH REFERENCE TO JALANDHAR
CITY(Dr. Pratima Merugu, Dr. Vaddadi Krishna Mohan)2020:
3) CONSUMER SATISFACTION LEVEL DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC FOR ONLINE SHOPPING: A
CASE STUDY OF GHUMARWIN BLOCK (HIMACHAL PRADESH)( Dr. Rajni Devi, Kumari Poonama,
Pooja Devi, Shilpa Katna, 5Arti Devi)April/2021
4) Customer‘s Satisfaction via Online Shopping Environment: The Case of China(Rezvan Torabi,
Mohammad Amin Mohammad)31st/august/2021:
5) A Study on the Customer Satisfaction towards Online Shopping in Pandalam
Locality(Parvathy.R.Nair)2019:
6) A STUDY ON THE CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING IN CHENNAI
CITY (M. RAJESWARI)feb2015
7) CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND CONSUMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING
(Dr. Chandra Prakash Kulshreshtha, Dr. Ravindra Kumar Kate)December/2020:
20
www.ijemr.in
8) A Study On Customer Satisfaction Towards Online Shopping In Retail Industry (Dr.V. Dhayalan,
R.Chitraa, N.Lakshmi Narasimhan, Dr.Maranmarimuthu, V.Manjula)April/2020:
9) A STUDY ON CONSUMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS ONLINE PURCHASING IN FLIPKART WITH
SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KURICHI IN TIRUNELVELI CITY(Dr. U. Jothimani, C. Jeya
Gowri)December/2020:
10) A Study of customer's Satisfaction Towards online Shopping in Gorakhpur(Anand
Sengupta,Rama Raman Pandey)august/2022:
11) CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARD ONLINE SHOPPING IN DELHI NCR
(Ms. Sujata)September/2022
12) A STUDY ON CUSTOMERS SATISFACTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING
(CHANDRASEKARAN,REBACCALA,BHUVANESHWARI.A):Online shopping behaviour NOVEMBER /
25 / 2020:
13) Determinants of Customer Satisfaction in Online Shopping (Rachna Jain, Shikha Sharma)2020:
Customer satisfaction towards online shopping (nahil abdullaha)July/2021:
14) The study on customer satisfaction level on online shopping in surat area(Patel Manthan
Bharatbhai, Sonal sanjiv Kaushik)08/august/2021:
15) Customer Satisfaction towards Online Shopping from Flipkart: With Special Reference to Raipur
City(Srishti Dixena , Suman Sahu)December/2018
16) CONFIRMATION OF EXPECTATION AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS ONLINE
SHOPPING:ATHEORETICALFRAMEWORK(Mohammed Nusari,AbhijitGhosh) 09/September/2019:
17) Customers Satisfaction towards Online Shopping With Special Reference to VIJAYAWADA
City(Dr.B.Veerraju)march/2019
18) Consumer Perception and Satisfaction towards Online Shopping
19) (Wu Baofu , Ch.Sai Ramnadh2 and Hye-jin Kim)2014
20) A Study of Buying Behaviour&Customer Satisfaction Towards Online Shopping in Nagaland
(Monjit Roy, Dr. Anuj Goel)2020
21) CUSTOMER‘S SATISFACTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING: A CASE STUDY AMONG
UNIVERSITY‘S STUDENTS (Khairil Aiman Faris, Salim, Ahmad Nur‘Alif Mohamad Nadzir, ,
Shamsunarnie Mohamed Zukri, Noor Zafarina Mohd Fauzi , Nur Safwati Ibrahim, & Nurul Bariyah
Ibrahim)27/October/2021
22) A STUDY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS E-SHOPPING (Umma Daura Sa‘id
GARBA,Ömür AKDEMİR)2018:
23) A Study on Customer Satisfaction Towards Online Shopping (Mrs. T. Shenbaga
Vadivu)June/2015:
24) A STUDY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO BANGALORE CITY, KARNATAKA INDIA(CHANDAN.A) January/2019
21
www.ijemr.in
STUDY ON INFLUENCE OF ADVERTISING ON E-TAILING

Mr. Tejas.SM, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
ABSTRACT
This study aims to examine the influence of advertising on e-tailing. Specifically, this research looks
into how different types of advertising, such as television and online ads, affect consumer behavior
when shopping online. The research also examines the impact of advertising on customer satisfaction
and loyalty. The research was conducted through a survey of consumers who had recently purchased
products from an e-tailer. The survey asked questions about the type of advertisement they saw, if
they remembered it, and what influenced their purchase decision. The results showed that
advertising does have an impact on consumer behavior in terms of increasing website visits and
purchases.This study provides insight into how advertising can be used effectively to drive sales for
online retailers.
Keywords: Consumer behaviour, Consumer opinion, E-Tailing, Influence of Media, Shopping online
factors, Purchase frequency.
1. INTRODUCTION
E-tailing is the process of selling goods and services online. It has become an increasingly popular
form of shopping as it allows customers to shop from the comfort of their own homes and access a
much larger selection of products than they can find in traditional stores. As e- tailing has grown,
so too has the influence of advertising on the e-tailing experience. This study examines how
advertising affects e-tailing, including its impact on customer behavior, brand loyalty, and purchase
decisions. The research also looks at how different types of advertising (e.g., online ads, television
commercials) affect customer perceptions and behaviors when shopping online. Finally, this study
will explore strategies for optimizing advertisements to maximize their effectiveness in driving sales
for e-tailers.
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Miralem Helmefalk,Adele Berndt-2018, To design numerous techniques in order to give customers a
thrilling in-store experience.Bindia Daroch, Gitika Nagrath and Ashutosh Gupta- 2020, To look into
how customers behave when buying online, which also looks at how different aspects affect how
consumers behave when shopping online.Vinita Singh,Ranjan Chaudhuri,Sanjeev Verma-2018, to
develop a measure to assess the psychological influences on young Indian internet buyers'
propensity to purchase clothing.Mahima Shukla,Vranda Jain,,Richa Misra-2021, "The study
investigates the motivational effects of online buying on young working women. The study
investigates the link between website aesthetics, purchase intention, and perceived benefit through
Internet self-efficacy (ISE).
Hsiao-Ting Tseng,Farid Shirazi,Nick Hajli,Pei-Tzu Tsai.-2022, This study constructs the impact of the
stimulus components of the live-streaming retail environment on consumers' psychological
circumstances based on the stimulus-organism-response theory. Francesca De Canio,Maria
Fuentes-Blasco,Elisa Martinelli.-2021. "to investigate the impact of many intrinsic reasons driving
customers' desire to purchase via a mobile app.Fazlul K. Rabbanee,Rajat Roy and Mark T. Spence-
2020. "Through investigate a chain of interactions that extends from self-congruence with a brand -
which can derive from the actual, ideal, or social self - to brand attachment, and then to consumer
involvement on social networking sites (SNS), especially like, sharing, and commenting."Dr. Asif Ali
Syed, Asma Khan-2017. "This article goes into great detail regarding the e-commerce landscape in
India as well as the worldwide industry.Nguyen Dong Phong,Nguyen Huu Khoi,Angelina Nhat-Hanh
Le- 2018."The outcomes of this study have proved the predictive power of TRA in studying customer
behaviour in the context of mobile purchase. Furthermore, both promotion and barrier variables have
a significant impact on mobile buying intention".
22
www.ijemr.in
Francesca De Canio,Maria Fuentes-Blasco,Elisa Martinelli.-2022. To conflicting extrinsic impulses

driving the mobile buying process of regular and infrequent customers. Ayesha Lian Bevan-Dye-
2020. "to investigate the impact of perceived information and entertainment value, perceived
trustworthiness, and perceived value on the frequency with which Generation Y consumers use
online consumer reviews."Rakhi Thakur,Mala Srivastava.-2014. "The goal of this study is to build
and experimentally evaluate a conceptual model that demonstrates how customer innovativeness
can be utilised as a variable to favourably affect online retailing adoption intention both directly
and indirectly by lowering consumer perceived risk" Linlin Zhu and He Li,Feng-Kwei Wang,Wu
He,Zejin Tian.-2020. "Previous study has looked into the link between internet reviews and
purchasing intent. Based on the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) paradigm, however, there was
limited research on the influence of information quality and the social presence of online reviews on
purchase intention.
3. DATA AND METHODOLOGY
3.1. Type of Research: Inferential analysis, predictive analysis.
Correlation:The intensity and/or direction of the link between two or more variables are reflected
in a correlation. When two variables fluctuate in the same direction, there is a positive correlation.
When there is a negative correlation, the variables move in the opposite direction.
Regression: A statistical method called regression links a dependent variable to one or more
independent (explanatory) variables. A regression model can demonstrate whether changes in one or
more of the explanatory variables are related to changes in the dependent variable.
3.2. Data collection: Secondary data: Secondary data is information that has already been
obtained from primary sources and made freely accessible for academics to use in their own
research.Data collected from Kaggle an online platform to collect secondary data.
3.3. Objective of the study:
To analyze whether there is influence of these marketing tools in the consumer perception.
To analyze buying pattern of the demographic factors.
To study the relationship between advertising and online shopping.
To study the impact of the media or modes of advertising that are used will make any changes in the
buying behavior of customer on-line platform.
4. DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
H0: There is no significant influence of advertising on E-Tailing. H1: There
is a significant influence of advertising on E-Tailing.
TABLE NO: 4.1
Influence of Shopping online Purchase
Media Factors Frequency
Influence of Media Pearson's r -
p-value -
Shopping online Factors Pearson's r 0.251 -
p-value < .001 -
Purchase Frequency Pearson's r 0.182 0.101 -
p-value < .001 0.034 -
Prefer Offline shopping Pearson's r 0.028 0.092 0.048
over Online Shopping
p-value 0.561 0.054 0.312
This table shows the correlation between the influence of media, shopping online factors, and
purchase frequency. The Pearson's r coefficient measures the strength of the correlation between
two variables, with values ranging from -1 to +1. A value of 0 indicates no correlation. The p-value is a
measure of statistical significance and shows how likely it is that the observed relationship could
have occurred by chance. From this table, it appears that there is a moderate positive correlation
between shopping online factors and purchase frequency (Pearson's r =0.251, p < .001). There is
also a weak positive correlation between shopping online factors and influence of media (Pearson's r
= 0.182, p < .001). However, there is significant correlation between prefer offline shopping over
online shopping and any other variable (Pearson's r = 0.028-0.092; p > .05).
23
www.ijemr.in
Table no: 4.2

Omnibus ANOVA Test Sum of df Mean F p
Squares Square
Influence of Media 0.338 1 0.338 0.0924 0.761
Shopping online Factors 13.416 1 13.416 3.6722 0.056
Purchase Frequency 5.704 1 5.704 1.5611 0.212
Residuals 1589.279 435 3.654
This table is an Omnibus ANOVA Test, which is a statistical test used to determine whether or not
there is a statistically significant difference between two or more means. The table shows the Sum
of Squares (SS), Degrees of Freedom (df), Mean Square (MS), F-value, and p-value for each factor
being tested. The factors being tested in this table are the Influence of Media, Shopping Online
Factors, and Purchase Frequency. The results indicate that there was statistically significant
difference between the means for the Influence of Media (F=0.0924; p=0.761) or Purchase
Frequency (F=1.5611; p=0.212). However, there was a statistically significant difference between
the means for Shopping Online Factors (F=3.6722; p=0.056).
5. CONCLUSION
Therefore, based on the results of the tests we did and our research, we can say that the impact of
advertising on online buying varies significantly. Taking into account that customer behaviour is
always changing as technology and digitalization advance.Customers are drawn to a brand by its
variety and distinctive manner of presenting itself, and they frequently base their purchases on
their opinions of its culture and way of life.
REFERENCES
Helmefalk, M., & Berndt, A. (2018). Shedding light on the use of single and multisensory cues and
their effect.
Daroch, B., Nagrath, G., & Gupta, A. (2021). A study on factors limiting online shopping behaviour
of consumers. Rajagiri Management Journal, 15(1), 39-52.Singh,
V., Chaudhuri, R., & Verma, S. (2018). Psychological antecedents of apparel-buying intention for
young Indian online shoppers: Scale development and validation. Journal of Modelling in
Management, 14(2), 286-311.
Shukla, M., Jain, V., & Misra, R. (2021). Factors influencing smartphone based online shopping: an
empirical study of young Women shoppers. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 34(5),
1060-1077.
Lin, S. C.,Tseng, H. T., Shirazi, F., Hajli, N., & Tsai, P. T. (2022). Exploring factors influencing impulse
buying in live streaming shopping: a stimulus-organism-response (SOR) perspective. Asia Pacific
Journal of Marketing and Logistics, (ahead-of-print).
De Canio, F., Fuentes-Blasco, M., & Martinelli, E. (2021). Engaging shoppers through mobile apps:
the role of gamification. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management.
Rabbanee, F. K., Roy, R., & Spence, M. T. (2020). Factors affecting consumer engagement on
online social networks: self-congruity, brand attachment, and self-extension tendency. European
Journal of Marketing, 54(6), 1407-1431.
Syed, A. A., & Khan, A. (2019). A study on E-tailing: Factors influencing the online consumer
behaviour of Indian Consumers. The Service Industries Journal, 30-32.
De Canio, F., Fuentes-Blasco, M., & Martinelli, E. (2022). Extrinsic motivations behind mobile
shopping: what drives regular and occasional shoppers?. International Journal of Retail &
Distribution Management, (ahead-of-print).
Bevan-Dye, A. L. (2020). Antecedents of generation Y consumers‘ usage frequency of online
consumer reviews. Spanish Journal of Marketing-ESIC, 24(2), 193-212.
Prasad, C. J., & Aryasri, A. R. (2009). Determinants of shopper behaviour in e-tailing: An empirical
analysis. Paradigm, 13(1), 73-83.
Zhu, L., Li, H., Wang, F. K., He, W., & Tian, Z. (2020). How online reviews affect purchase intention:
a new model based on the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) framework. Aslib Journal of
Information Management, 72(4), 463-488.
24
www.ijemr.in
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON DIGITAL PAYMENTS SYSTEM

Mr. Ujwal R, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global
Abstract
This research paper is all about the online payment application in India with reference to all Digital
payments. It entails the impact and importance of online payment applications on consumers with
respect to covid-19. This paper show casts advantages and disadvantages of Digital Payments.
Cashless transactions like transactions through e-wallets, have various benefits like reduction in black
money, reduction in crime rates, helps in improving economic growth of the country, helps in fighting
against terrorism, attract more foreign investors, but this also comes with various disadvantages like
the major issue at the moment is the security of the transactions and the services offered in these
online payment applications. This paper studies the impact of online payment applications on
consumers whether consumer aresatisfied using online payment application or not.
I.Introduction
In this study we will discuss about the Digital payments and its importance in today‘s trend where
the cash has become extinct and we will know about the impact of the pandemic on the most used
technology that is ELECTRONIC PAYMENT METHOD. As we see in today‘s trend the carrying of cash
has become an ancient method of carrying out the transaction. Day by day the technology is
improving in such a way that no one can just predict what can happen tomorrow. It is booming in
the world and has become an independent variable for each and every subject which we talk in our
day-to-day life. The same way the mode of transaction has changed to a different style. Past 15 years
back the only mode of the transaction was majorly done through cash. The technology was not
optimized to the extent of today. each and every individual had to carry cash to carry out his work. It
was difficult to carry immense amount while doing a activity. Then to ease the payments the
PLASTIC MONEY (digital cards) were introduced. The usage of card became successful and became
very popular that not only the business personnel but also an educated individual who can read &
write started to use the digital cards where only swiping was the work which needs to be done to
complete the activity. After this success the banks thought of introducing the credit cards where the
money was rendered in credit basis for the individuals
Objectives of the study:
 To identify the impact of pandemic of covid-19 over the digital payment sector.
 To identify the increase in the value of transactions over digital payments.
 To identify the volume of transactions increased over the pandemic period.
 To know the customer faith with respect to the online payment method
25
www.ijemr.in
II. LITERATURE REVIEW:

Sl no
Author name Journal name Brief
This article provides an original understanding of the e-
payment system, its characteristics, and the features of
the ideal electronic payment system. Applicability, ease
of use, security, reliability, trust, scalability,
convertibility, interoperability, efficiency, anonymity,
traceability, and authorisation type are the fundamental
characteristics of the e- payment system. Reversals,
immediate, compliant, final, freely accessible (non-
MERC discriminatory), anonymity, transparency, and
Global's transaction amount neutrality are characteristics of the
Internationa ideal electronic payment service. Every economy is
l Journal of supported by its financial system. E-payment can be
1 Dr. Atul Kumar Management defined as the collection of fees from customers by
merchants for the products and services being
purchased
online utilising electronic payment systems like PayPal.
objective of the study is to digitalize the entire banking
infrastructure. Regression is the tool used. The essay
makes an effort to outline the potential and difficulties
that have lately emerged in the rural banking industry,
with a focus on digitalization, and to assess the
Renu singh, Emerging significance of digital literacy in the current banking
Garima malik Economy environment. This study offers insights into the digital
2 Studies technologies and methods used by banks in rural India
and help us understand how these consumers'
perceptions and behaviours toward these services.
The booklet's primary goal was to provide relevant data
on the growth of digital payments so that policymakers
could track the progress of digital payments in the
Iconic country. Digital payments provide exceptional
Research opportunities. Global trends point to increased customer
and expectations for value-added services, increased
3 Ashwin kumar Engineering competition as a result of the emergence of Fin Techs,
Journals new technologies, and a constantly changing regulatory
landscape.
The study's goal is to explain the development of the e-
wallet industry, its problems, and how it can thrive by
streamlining the payment ecosystem and offering
customers hassle-free services. The statistical tool used
Dr.S.V.Ramana Business is regression. Despite their benefits, E-Wallets face
4 Rao Dynamics barriers to growth, such as the dependability and
speed of internet connections and the
maximum amount that can be deposited into mobile
wallets.
Internationa An Empirical Analysis of Payment Card Usage in India,
l Journal of The study's goal is to prevent money laundering and to
Engineering identify unusual business models and literacy levels.
Shilpa N.C. and According to the study, during the analysis period, the
and Management penetration of credit cards increased by three times
5 Dr.Amulya Research with an average growth of 15% YoY and that of debit
M (IJEMR) cards increased by more than three times with an
average growth of 19% YoY.
26
www.ijemr.in
III. Data and Methodology

Type of research is Comparative Analysis and Research Design used is Analytical in nature. As this
study describes past and current facts and figures provided in my source as well as the modes of
payment.
IV. Data analysis and findings
Hypothesis:
H0: there is no significant difference between pre pandemic and during pandemic value and volume
of digital transactions.
H1: there is a significant difference between pre pandemic and during pandemic value and volume
of digital transactions
Paired Samples T-Test:
95% Confidence Interval
Mean SE
statistic df p difference difference Lower Upper
Volume Volume Student
(Mn) (Mn) 'st -2.69 48.0 0.010 -454.45 168.634 -793.51 -115.38
202 202
1 2
Value (Cr) Value Student -1.42 42.0 0.162 -44509.29 31238.244 - 107550. 18532.04
(Cr) 'st
2021 2022 62
Month Month Student 4.53 48.0 < .001 2.61 0.576 1.45 3.77
2021 2022 'st
INTERPRETATION:
In the t-test table when we consider the p-value, the p-value of the value and volume of transactions
are >0.05 which means our null hypothesis(H0) is satisfied and considered. Degree of freedom of
volume and value are 48% and 42% respectively.
V. CONCLUSION:
When there is introduction of new technology, people will tend to use the new feature available in the
market and make best use of the given service this is how the customer‘s mind will run. The same is
applicable even to our research, covid cannot become the reason for the change where the people‘s
intention to use the application is more may be for the cashbacks which is given, coupons granted,
scratch cards, offers on the payments, gift cards are given. So for these strategies of the company the
customers attracted are more in number and the usage for these customers has give the rise to the
digital payment platform. Because digital payments lower the costs of providing financial services to
the poor, they have become an important tool in increasing financial inclusion. Using digital
payments improves the convenience and security of using insurance, payment, and savings
products.
References:
1) Kumar, A. (2019). A Study of Significant Characteristics of E-payment Regime in India. MERC
Global's International Journal of Management, 7, 168-174.
2) Singh, R., & Malik, G. (2019). Impact of digitalization on Indian rural banking customer:
with reference to payment systems. Emerging Economy Studies, 5(1), 31-41.
3) Kumar, A. (2019). Digital Payment and Its Effects in Indian Business. Iconic Research and
Engineering Journals, 2(12).
4) Shilpa, N. C., & Amulya, M. (2019). An Empirical Analysis of Payment Card Usage in India.
International Journal of Engineering and Management Research (IJEMR), 9(4),54-60
5) Rao, S. R. (2015). E-WALLET–A ‗PAY‘VOLUTION. Business Dynamics– A Paradigm Shift in Policies
for Sustainability, 1-12.
27
www.ijemr.in
A STUDY ON GOOGLE SEM VS PAID SOCIAL MEDIA IN B2B SECTOR.

PRASHANTH B C, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Dr.MADESWARAN.A, Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of Technology,
Bengaluru – 560 098
ABSTRACT
B2B Digital Marketing: Business-to-business digital marketing, as the name implies, is the marketing
of products or services to other businesses and organizations. Digital marketing hashelped B2B to
reach their goals by: Establishing their brand presence using Content marketing. Establishing
communication using multitude of channels like email, websites etc. Providing actionable, updated
insights and a large scope for measuring ROI. Increasing lead generation. Digital marketing helps us
reach a larger audience than we could through traditional methods, and target the prospects that
are most likely to buy our products or services. Additionally, it’s often more cost-effective than
traditional marketing, and enables us to measure success on a daily basis. Search Engine Marketing
(SEM) plays a vital role by allowing us to choose the most accurate and attractive keywords for our
webpage and also helps us to increase the essential traffic. Through the attractive website, we can
also earn by placing the advertisements on our websites which are relevant to our search engine
keyword contents. A Paid Social Media strategy leverages external marketing activities on social media
channelsthat include PPC advertising, display ads, branded or influencer- generated content. Major
PaidSocial Media platforms include Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn etc.
Key words: Digital Marketing, Social Media Marketing, SEO
I. INTRODUCTION
The practice of promoting goods and services via channels like social media, search engine
optimization, email, and mobile apps is known as digital marketing. Any form of marketing that
makes use of electronic devices is considered digital marketing. It can be done both online and
offline, and a comprehensive digital marketing strategy requires both. The term "Digital Marketing"
was first used in the 1990s. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) applications became a
significant factor in marketing technology with the introduction of server/client architecture and
the popularity of personal computers.
Customers began searching for products and making decisions about their needs online first,
rather than consulting a salesperson, in the 2000s, as the number of Internet users increased and
the iPhone was released, creating a new problem for a company's marketing department.
Furthermore, a survey conducted in the United Kingdom in 2000 discovered that the majority of
retailers had not registered their domain addresses. Marketing automation was created in 2007 in
response to the ever-changing marketing environment.
Marketing automation is the use of software to automate traditional marketing processes.
Marketing automation assisted businesses in segmenting customers, launching multichannel
marketing campaigns, and providing personalized information to customers based on their specific
activities. In this way, a user's activity (or lack thereof) triggers a personalised message in their
preferred platform. Despite the benefits of marketing automation, many businesses struggle to
properly adapt it to their day-to-day operations.
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Bhakat & Muruganantham,(2018):
The element of regret in a series of shopping activities, especially in the section on post- purchase
behaviour, is an element that should not happen to consumers. Shopping regret can directly make
consumers disloyal, which provides a fundamental change in behaviour in consumer purchasing
decisions. A previous study indicated that there is a tendency for consumers to feel regret over
shopping after making online purchases.
Alloway et al., 2016; Rajagopal,(2020):
In accordance with the theory of planned behaviour, today‘s consumer behaviour proceeds through
the cognitive or learning process and their affective process or the feeling process in which initiated
by e-marketing exposures, both directly or indirectly through various e- marketing tools. People
reacted to informational awareness and preference before the conviction or action. Thus, consumers
also reacted to informational awareness and preference affection that can be created through e-
marketing exposures before they decide to purchase the products. However, a strong cognitive or
28
www.ijemr.in
affective progress could create an impulsive behaviour due to certain factors, such as pressure from
time limits or limited benefits.
Shankar et al. (2017):
Customer marketing can unite with customers to improve items, make clear messages, recognize
advertisers, and fill in as a connection to in-store exercises, showing the significance of social media
inside a retailer's marketing plan. Headways inside social media locales have made shopper
communities that are defining new manners by which organizations and clients can associate with
each other to share data on brand items. For instance, virtual brand communities are making a PC-
produced space for consumers and retailers to associate with each other utilizing marketing.
Bagozzi (2019):
In this study concluded that the e-shopping behaviour of online buyers is a complicated process.
The consumer makes buying decisions as per family needs and their budget limits. Accordingly,
they are likely to minimize transaction costs and maximize compatibility with needs. Further, it was
found that e-shopping is influenced by social norms.
Berman & Katona (2020):
Search engines generally prefer the use of paid placements over organic SEO as search engines
claim that SEO sites may not present the highest quality, thus hurting consumer satisfaction and
decreasing the welfare of ―honest‖ sites. However, the article argues that search engines are biased
in the sense that they prefer 15 (45) to use PPC over search engine optimization due to the possible
loss of revenue on their side if too many businesses begin investing in SEO.
2.1 OBJECTIVE
 To study customer perception towards SEM and Paid Social Media.
 To identify the opportunities and challenges of marketing through SEM and Paid Social Media.
 To study the trends and shifts in the marketing practices from traditional marketing to online
marketing
2.2 HYPOTHESIS
H0: there is no significant difference between paid social media and SEM.
H1: there is a significant difference between paid social media and SEM.
This study is based on primary and secondary data. The primary data will be collected through
Questionnaire. Secondary data will be collected through books, journals, and Websites.
SAMPLING SIZE
Sample size constituted of 103 Respondents
The main techniques used in this study for data collection were Questionnaire and secondary
source analysis.
TECHNIQUES FOR DATA ANALYSIS
The information of all the questionnaires was coded and entered in the computer by using MS-
Excel and SPSS Software.
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ANALYSIS 1:
H0 there is no significant difference between paid social media and SEM. H1
there is a significant difference between paid social media and SEM.
COUNT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE P VALUE
PAID SOCIAL MEDIA 51 50%
SEM 37 36% 0.046
OTHERS 15 14%
TOTAL 103 100%
29
www.ijemr.in
The above table indicates that the calculated p value has a significant value <0.05 hence reject
h1 and accept h0 which states that there is no significant difference between paid social media and
SEM.
I. FINDINGS
 Majority of respondents are between age group of 31 – 40.
 Majority of respondents say that number of employees working for digital marketing are
between 26 – 50.
 Majority of respondents say that most of their sales/marketing leads are generated through
paid social.
 Majority of respondents say that they are experts in digital marketing.
 Majority of respondents say that they are highly-satisfied with company‘s overall paiddigital
marketing efforts.
CONCLUSION
By providing better media and publications services to users, they can achieve brand identity. In the
modern world where competition is at the top, it faces a major competition from many other
businesses in the market.
The satisfied customers are the key for the success of business but achieving the customer
satisfaction requires various things to be delivered to the target audience staring from the best
quality product. In conclusion, it can be said that Every company must use paid social media
against Google SEM to increase their market reach.
REFERENCES
 Digital Marketing An Essential tool in Building your Presence & your Brand! Published by
Amresh Bharti on Dec 2022.
 B2B Marketing Edition 1 Published by K Venkataraman on 2017.
 B2b sales and marketing plan for limecraft Published by Bhakat & Muruganantham
on,(2018).
 Digital marketing for B2B organizations: structured literature review and future research
directions Published by Alloway et al., 2016; Rajagopal on (2020).
 Beyond the banner: Teaching powerful creative techniques in digital marketing Published by
Girish Punj (2018).
30
www.ijemr.in
A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE PERCEPTION TOWARDS EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND

MANAGERIAL EFFECTIVENESS IN AN ORGANIZATION
Sumanth V, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academyof Technology,
Dr. Madeswaran A Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of Technology,
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the link between organisational leadership success and employee perceptions
of emotional intelligence (EI). Data were gathered from a sample of employees in various departments
of a mid-sized firm as part of the study's quantitative research methodology. Participants answered
questions about their managers perceived emotional intelligence (EI) and effectiveness in leading their
teams. The results point to a link between employee assessment of a manager's emotional intelligence
(EI) and management performance. Particularly, managers' capacity to effectively manage their teams
was regarded more favourably when they were thought to have higher levels of EI. The study also
discovered a favourable relationship between employees' degrees of emotional intelligence and how
competent managers were seen by them.
Key words: Organizational Leadership, EI, competitiveness, business environment
I. INTRODUCTION
The adage "People quit managers, not organizations" implies that leading others has always been
difficult. Due to the growing need for a lavish lifestyle and the quick pace of technology innovation,
people are more knowledgeable and desire to be treated with respect. This approach has also created a
situation where managers and leaders are at a bottleneck, forcing them to keep a close check on
their teams and employees to ensure task completion and deal with people in increasingly
complicated ways to maintain motivation and retain talent. The competitiveness in the business
environment has increased as a result of globalization. The businesses require a crew of managers
for daily operations. Teams must recognize their strengths and synergies in order to grow into
consistently high-performing units in the corporate climate of today. Commercial organizations have
developed into complex systems with frequent and infrequent clients and employees in the twenty-
first century. This has forced the management to carefully evaluate how to handle and deal with such
organisms as well as to change the current framework into one that is vibrant, supportive of one
another, participatory, and creative.
To gain and maintain a competitive advantage in the market and industry internally, businesses
must teach their staff how to adapt to and change in constantly changing environments (Prate,
Douglas, Ferris, Ammeter, & Buckley, 2003) There is a tonne of material linking emotional
intelligence to the quality of leadership effectiveness, but little of it directly addresses management
effectiveness. They put more of an emphasis on traditional management practices, such as finishing
the work on time, and are more focused on their work and their resources. These managers often keep
an eye on routine, continuous tasks and activities and keep tying job performance to incentives and
rewards. It is believed that transformational leaders are better able to handle and manage the
strategic issues facing the company while also building employee loyalty over time. Additionally,
these executives are more likely to have a larger vision and advance an organisation (Roseate & Ciar-
rochi,2005).
Literature Review
Robert Kerr, John Garvin (2005):- They implied that thinking and feeling, two separate mental
processes, are essentially interconnected. Their notion of emotional intelligence focuses on how much
emotions can be controlled intellectually and how much they can influence people's cognitive ability
(George, 2000). Since Salovey and Mayer's (1990) definition of EI, the area has seen an influx of
many tests that all claim to be useful indicators of a person's EI.
Bassem E. Mahamari (2017) : The researchers have developed a model that emphasises the
leadership style's mediating function in the relationship between leaders' emotional intelligence and
their followers' perceptions of the organisational climate. The study employs a quantitative
methodology. To gather data and test the suggested model statistically, a survey is created. The
study's weaknesses include the scant cross-check interviews.
31
www.ijemr.in
Because of the sample size restriction, the researchers were unable to compare the various economic
sub- sectors (referred to as the firm's type of work) in order to draw more thorough conclusions by
economic/business sector
Kwasi Darity Baha (2017): The goal of this study was to ascertain whether bank employees in
Ghana believe their managers are emotionally intelligent based on their management style. The study
used structured questionnaires to gather quantitative data and was cross-sectional in design. 234
questionnaires—115 men and 119 women—out of the 300 that were sent were returned. The study's
conclusions showed that transformational leadership and emotional intelligence (EI) leaders have a
good association.
Mehta Nikhil K2 (2010): The industry's emphasis on performance has undoubtedly contributed to
emotional disturbances among workers, which have a negative impact on their quality of working
life. An employee who has emotional intelligence will be more helpful in democratising and
humanising the workplace. In order to inform future research, this study aims to pinpoint the
intermediary factors that affect both emotional intelligence (EI) and quality of working life (QWL).
Quality of life at work is an organisational dimension, whereas emotional intelligence is an individual
parameter. Therefore, to understand the relationship between these two, it is important to examine
both the person and the environment at the same time.
Yasmine Nabi (June 2016): This essay's goal is to investigate how emotional intelligence affects a
leader's capacity for effective leadership. In fact, by applying the research findings to the setting of
developing countries, doing the study in developing nations will add to the body of knowledge already
known about how much those predictors will add to the academic implications. Additionally, it will
make a substantial contribution to the practical implications of using those predictors in various
organisations to improve their effectiveness and performance. A self-administered questionnaire will
be used in the field study, which will be conducted using a sample of 141 fully employed FMCG
workers in Egypt. The findings have ramifications for businesses looking to effectively and efficiently
raise the emotional intelligence of its executives.
Prof. Tripti Singh (July.2007): The relationship between organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB)
and followers' organisational citizenship behaviour (TL) and emotional intelligence (EI) is examined in
this publication. This study included a sample of 57 manager- supervisor pairs, totalling 114
respondents. The scales' reliabilities were 0.83 for OCB, 0.88 for TL, and 0.83 for EI (0.86).
Conscientiousness, civic virtue, and altruistic actions of followers were all substantially connected
with EI. The Barron and Kenny (1986) approach was utilised to examine the mediation of EI between
TL and OCB, but no significant results were obtained. The findings show that leaders' emotional
intelligence improves followers' OCB. However, the view of Toth successfully and efficiently may not
be solely based on the leader's E1.
Roy Smollan (2011): We present and explore a follower-centric model of how employees perceive the
emotional intelligence (EI) of change leaders. Qualitative investigations of EI are rare and have not
explored the field of organizational change leadership. Accordingly, we analyse qualitative data from
a series of interviews set within the context of organizational change. We examine follower
attributions about the abilities of their leaders to manage and express their own emotions and to
respond appropriately to the followers‘ emotions.
NEAL M. ASHKANASY (Jul.2002) : Hartley, Jacobson, Klingerman‘s, and Van Vuuren (1991) define
job insecurity as a discrepancy between the security employees would like their jobs to provide and
the level they perceive to exist. Although job insecurity is a common feature of organizational life in the
developed economies of the world (Feldman, 1995), its effect on individual employees and on
organizational outcomes continues to generate controversy (e.g., see Jalaja‘s & Bummer, 1999, and
Van Dyne & Ang, 1998). Some researchers (e.g., Gallup, Saunders, Nelson, & Carvery, 1997) have
reported that job insecurity results in increased work effort and work involvement, whereas others
(e.g., O'Driscoll & Cooper, 1996) have found that job insecurity produces stress and decreased
performance. In this article we aim to reconcile these discrepant findings by examining the effect of
emotional and dispositional variables not previously considered.
Law, Kenneth S (01/2008): This study focuses on the impact of emotional intelligence (EI) on job
performance among research and development professionals in China to illustrate the usefulness of
the EI construct in organisational investigations. We contend that, in addition to the impact of the
General Mental Ability (GMA) battery on performance, EI is a substantial predictor of job
performance. Results from a survey of research and development experts employed by a major
Chinese computer corporation provide evidence in favour of this predictive effect.
32
www.ijemr.in
Marcus Creed (2010): The aim of this study is to assess assertions that transformational and other
leadership behaviours are highly correlated with emotional intelligence. Results (based on 62
independent samples) showed that when ratings of both leadership traits and emotional intelligence
were provided by the same source, the validity estimate was.59 (self, subordinates, peers, or
superiors). However, the validity estimate was.12 when assessments of the components were gathered
from various sources. Transactional and laissez-faire leadership behaviours had lower validity values.
Separate assessments were carried out for every emotional intelligence score.
Jennifer M. George (2000): This essay contends that the leadership process is heavily influenced by
feelings (moods and emotions). It is explicitly suggested that emotional intelligence, or the capacity to
comprehend and control one's own and others' moods and emotions, has a role in effective
leadership in organisations. The four main components of emotional intelligence are: understanding
emotions; appraising and expressing emotions; using emotions to improve thinking and decision-
making; and managing emotions.
Ade Bukola Esther Adewunmi (2015): Undoubtedly, having a variety of talents is necessary for
effective leadership, and it might be challenging to pinpoint specific competencies that would boost
workers' productivity. In Nigeria's public healthcare system, this study examines the effect of leaders'
emotional intelligence on workers' performance and offers insight into the underlying context. It uses
the survey methodology and selects leaders and workers from the industry at random. The
performance of employees and the emotional intelligence of leaders are significantly correlated,
according to data analyses utilising the t-test and the analytical method of hierarchical regression.
Adil Tahir Pracha: In order to address potential issues related to employee performance that have
not yet been addressed in the Pakistani context, the current study set out to investigate the
relationship between organisational justices and employee performance in three Pakistani public
sector organisations, with emotional intelligence serving as a mediating factor. Utilizing a self-
administered questionnaire survey method, the study collected quantitative data from three public
sector institutions in Pakistan: the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), NADRA, and OGDCL. A sample of
342 questionnaires was used for the study. The study's findings indicated that organisational justice is
positively correlated with employee performance and that emotional intelligence plays a mediating role
in this relationship, demonstrating the urgent needto address this issue.
Indra Devi Subramanian (2014): This study looks at how organisational culture and leaders'
emotional intelligence relate to one another. This study employed a survey methodology. The
research tool was a well-designed questionnaire. 177 workers from Malaysian IT businesses made up
the responses. According to the study, emotionally intelligent leaders have a beneficial impact on each
of the five aspects of corporate culture: social cohesion, work challenge, communication, trust, and
innovation. The findings imply that leaders with high emotional quotients will influence employees'
favourable impressions of company culture. This study has the implication that human resource
professionals should give substantial consideration to raising leaders' emotional intelligence through
appropriate hiring and selection procedures as well as training initiatives that include emotional
intelligence components.
SUMAN RANI KHAKET: Understanding your own emotions as well as those of others and being able
to use this knowledge to promote their success and provide the greatest outcome for everyone involved
are all components of emotional intelligence (EI). Our capacity to manage these stakeholders well
counts more than our intellect because it promotes deeper relationships, the achievement of career
goals, and professional success. An individual with emotional self-control will be able to tolerate and
accept diversity, which are crucial for organisational development. Additionally, employees' emotions
must be managed skilfully in an era of shifting paradigms of global competitiveness to increase their
capabilities and success rate because emotions are essential in all aspects of our lives, including
decision-making.
Kanimozhi Narayanan: The purpose of this study is to ascertain how organisational citizenship
behaviour and emotional intelligence are related. 344 employees from manufacturing companies
served as the study's sample, and a descriptive and analytical design was used to conduct the
research. The findings show that the dimensions of organisational citizenship behaviour and self-
control, as well as self-awareness, understanding of emotion, the ability to sense and acknowledge
emotion, goal-setting and its achievement, belief in one's own competence, and self-motivation and
self-encouragement to try one's best, significantly differ from the attributes of emotional intelligence.
33
www.ijemr.in
Carlton Brown (2014): This study examines how leadership styles and emotional intelligence (EI)
affect sales effectiveness. The research entails a descriptive analysis of the literature on sales
performance, transformational/transactional leadership styles, and emotional intelligence. Based on
the literature study, a conceptual model of leadership style, emotional intelligence, and sales success
was developed. According to the results, both transactional and transformational leadership stances
are highly predictive of a leader's capacity to exert influence over a salesperson's performance.
Additionally, within the leadership styles domain, the interaction between emotional intelligence and
transactional and transformational leadership styles appears to be mutually beneficial.
Muhammad Munir (2019): Employee task and situation performance is strongly and favourably
influenced by emotional intelligence (EI). Previous research did not prove a true causal connection
because it used descriptive and/or cross-sectional research methodologies to explore this association.
Employees in the current study were trained to improve their emotional intelligence, which in turn
improved employee performance, using a longitudinal intervention-based pretest-posttest
experimental design.
Alan H Rosenstein (2015): Health treatment is a very intricate process. The advent of new and
inventive treatments and technologies has enabled medical improvements that have considerably
enhanced health care outcomes and expectations. It has also altered how we provide healthcare.
Strong multidisciplinary care team participation is essential for optimal patient outcomes because
patient management is becoming increasingly important and accountable across the board of care.
Many healthcare professionals who were accustomed to the once prevalent independent authoritative
style now need to learn how to work as a member of a healthcare team.
Mei Kin Tai & Omar Abdul Kareem (Jun 2018): The study's goal was to determine the association
between teacher attitudes toward change (TATC) and principal change leadership emotional
intelligence (PCLEI) in Malaysia's High Performing Secondary School (HPSS), Mediocre-Performing
Secondary School (MPSS), and Low Performing Secondary School (LPSS). 1,195 instructors in all
responded to the poll.
III. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
 To study the employee perception towards the emotional intelligence.
 To understand the underlaying factors that affects the managerial effectiveness and emotional
intelligence in the organization.
 To explore the solution.
IV. Research methodology
Type of Research: causal and empirical Research. Sample size: 102
Data type: PRIMARY SOURCE
V. DATA ANALYSIS: -
Age Age Income General Educational Emotional Emotional Emotional Emotional
(Months) Qualification intelligence on intelligence intelligence intelligence
organization's has plays a role makes a
leadership effectiveness in decision-leader more
on making effective in a
organization's team
leadership environment
Mean 2.24 2.40 1.45 2.60 2.29 2.87 2.47 1.77

Standard 0.08 0.09 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.09
Error
Median 2.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00
Mode 2.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 1.00
Standard 0.85 0.94 0.50 0.83 0.85 0.93 1.11 0.86
Deviation
Minimum 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00
Maximum 4.00 4.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 4.00 3.00
34
www.ijemr.in
Regression table: -
L.NO VARIBELS F SIG
1 Attrition level v/s Age 3.90 0.05
2 Attrition level v/s organisation leadership 8.22 0.01
3 Attrition level v/s team management 1.08 0.30
4 Attrition level v/s decision making 0.14 0.71
Interpretation The above table shows the difference between Attrition level as a Independent factor
and Age, Income, Training and Employees job satisfaction is a dependent factor. It is identified from
the above table then significance value for the age of the employees is 0.05 organisation 0.01, team
management 0.30, and the decision-making is at 0.71.
VI. Findings:
 As per the survey there are 54.6%of male employees and 44.6% are female employees.
 79% of the employee's educational background is postgraduate, whereas only 22% is
undergraduate, according to the survey.
 According to the survey, 50% of employees strongly agree that their contributions have an impact
on the organizational outcomes.
 According to a survey, 52.5% of employees thought that the leadership of your firm had high
emotional intelligence, while 48.5% thought it was average or poor.
 According to the survey, 43% of employees are unsure and 58% of employees feel that a leader's
emotional intelligence can be increased.
 According to the survey, 58% of the respondents agreed that having strong emotional intelligence
helps a leader score higher in a team setting. 43% of the workforce may not be, No
Conclusion:
The study concluded that employees' perceptions of managerial effectiveness in an organisation are
positively correlated with their perceptions of emotional intelligence. This emphasises how crucial
emotional intelligence is to good leadership and management techniques. To increase employee
satisfaction and overall organisational success, businesses may think about investing in the
emotional intelligence of their leaders and managers. The results of this study are based on
employees' perceptions, therefore it's critical to remember that additional research using a variety of
data sources and methodologies would be required to substantiate these conclusions
REFERENCES:
1. Robert Kerr. Etal, Title of the paper: Emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness, Name of
journal: School of Business Organisation and Management Volume: 27 Issue: 4 Page: 265-279 Year:
2005.
2. Bassem E. Etal (2017), ―Emotional intelligence, leadership style and organizational climate‖,
International Journal of Organizational Analysis, Vol. 25, Issue: 2, Pp 327-345, 2017.
3. Kwasi Dartey-Baaha. Etal, 2017 Title of the paper: Emotional Intelligence Does Leadership Style
Matter? Employees Perception in Ghana‘s Banking Sector Name of journal: International
Journal of Business Page: 42-54 Year:2017
4. Mehta Nikhil K Title of the paper: Importance of Emotional Intelligence for Enhancing
Employee's Perception on Quality of Working Life Name of journal: Volume: 08 Issue: 02 Page: 24-42
Year: 2010.
5. Yasmine Nabih Title of the paper: Emotional intelligence as a predictor of leadership effectiveness
Name of journal: Arab Academy for Science and Technology College of Management Volume:06
Issue: 5, Page: 133-142 Year:2016
6. Prof. Trupti Singh Title of the paper: Relationship of Emotional Intelligence with
Transformational Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Name of journal: Executive
Talent Engagement & Development, Page: 264, Year :2007
35
www.ijemr.in
7. NEAL M. ASHKANASY EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AS A MODERATOR OF EMOTIONAL

AND BEHAVIORAL REACTIONS TO JOB INSECURIT Name of journal: Academy of Management
Review Volume: 27 Issue: 3 Page: 361-372 Year: 2002
8. Law, Kenneth S: Title of the paper: The effects of emotional intelligence on job performance and
life satisfaction for the research and development scientists in China Name of journal: Asia Pacific
Journal of Management, Page: 51-69 Year: 2008.
9. Marcus Credé Title of the paper: Emotional Intelligence and Transformational and
Transactional Leadership Name of journal; Leadership & Organizational Studies Page: 51-69 Year:
2010
10. Jennifer M. George: Title of the paper: Emotions and leadership: The role of emotional
intelligence Name of journal; Leadership & Organizational Studies Volume: 53 Issue: 08 Page: 1027-
1055 Year: 2000
11. Jennifer M. George Title of the paper: Emotions and leadership: The role of emotional
intelligence Name of journal; Leadership & Organizational Studies Volume: 53 Issue: 08 Page: 1027-
1055 Year: 2000.
12. Jennifer M. George Title of the paper: Impact of Organizational Justice on Employee
Performance Name of journal: Journal of Managerial Sciences Volume: 11 Issue: 03 Page: 316-334
Year: 2020
13. Indra Devi Subramanian Title of the paper: Emotional intelligence of leaders and
organizational culture Name of journal: African Journal of Business Management Volume: 7 Issue:
11 Page: 882-889 Year: 2013
14. SUMAN RANI KHAKET Title of the paper: EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND EMPLOYEE
PERFORMANCE AND THEIR RELATION Name of journal: ZENITH
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Volume: 9, Issue:7 Page: 99-110 Year: 2019
15. Kanimozhi Narayanan Title of the paper: The effect of emotional intelligence on organizational
citizenship Behaviour Name of journal: ASIAN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Volume: 7
Issue:2 Page: 154-168 Year: 2016
16. Carlton Brown Title of the paper: The Effects of Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Leadership
Style on Sales Performance Name of journal: Greenwich School of Management, Volume: 3 Issue:3
Page: 1-13 Year: 2014.
17. Carlton Brown Title of the paper: Emotional Intelligence and Employee Performance: An
Intervention Based Experimental Study Name of journal: Journal of Business & Economics Volume:
9 Issue:7, Page: 1-19 Year: 2017.
18. Alan H Rosenstein Title of the paper: Using Emotional Intelligence to Improve Physician
Behaviours Name of journal: Journal of Psychology and Clinical Psychiatry Volume: 1 Issue:2 Page: 1-
19 Year: 2015.
19. Alan H Rosenstein: Title of the paper: The relationship between emotional intelligence of school
principals in managing change and teacher attitudes towards change Name of journal: International
Journal of Leadership in Education Volume: 22 Issue: 4 Page: 1-17 Year: 2018.
20. Sadaf Amjad Title of the paper: Emotional Intelligence, Organizational Commitment and Job
Performance Name of journal: Faculty of Management Sciences. Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Page: 56-69
Year: 2018
21. Q. N. HUY Title of the paper: EMOTIONAL CAPABILITY, EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, AND
RADICAL CHANGE Name of journal: Faculty of Management Sciences. Year: 1998
22. Q. N. HUY Title of the paper: The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence,
Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture Name of journal: Jocelyn Lee Ker Sin Year:
2013
36
www.ijemr.in
A STUDY ON CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF NUTRITIONAL READY TO EAT/COOK PRODUCTS

WITH REFERENCE TO IPAKKA FOODS
Tejas B T, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academyof
Dr. Madeswaran A, Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
ABSTRACT
Since the demand for ready-to-cook food is on the rise, the purpose of this study is to identify all of the
influential factors that encourage consumers to purchase ready-to-cook food. In this section, I will
attempt to identify the empirical variables that link consumer perception and rising demand for
Ready-To-Cook/convenience foods. It is widely consumed in the first-world nation, but it is also
becoming popular in countries like Bangladesh. It's not like the marketers only want people in higher
social classes to buy this ready-to-eat food; many middle-class people are also interested in it.
Therefore, I would like to pursue a degree in this field in order to determine the factors that influence
consumers' preference for convenience foods.
Key Words: ready-to-cook food, consumers' preference, food industry
I. INTRODUCTION
The vast majority of the food consumed by the world's population is supplied by the food industry,
a vast global network of various businesses. A wide range of commercial activities used to create,
provide, transform, prepare, preserve, transport, certify, and package food products are referred to
as the "food industries." Food is produced in a variety of ways today, including large, capital-
intensive, heavily mechanized industrial enterprises and traditional, small, family-run businesses
employing a large number of people.
Bhavya Dhir, Neerja Singla (2019), In their study, the convenience food industry is rapidly
expanding in India and adapting to the needs of the country. The need for quick meals has
constantly increased due to Indians' hectic lifestyles at both home and at work. Therefore, it is
necessary to inform them of the nutritional content of these items as well as how they affect their
nutritional and health state. Convenience food consumption has been identified as the primary
cause of the rise in non-communicable diseases worldwide.
Sushant Temgire, Anjan Borah, Sandip Kumthekar, Aniket Idate (2021), With so many fast-
food options accessible in the market, modern people have adjusted their lifestyles and behaviours
toward ready-to-eat and ready-to-cook products. They react to foods that are both fresh and simple
to prepare. In our review, we looked at the ready-to-eat food category, which included packaged
foods intended for immediate consumption in contrast to ready-to-cook foods, which require
relatively little further work to prepare. Fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes, meat, and fish make
up the bulk of the food required to prepare ready-to-eat and readyto-cook meals.
Yamunadevi Puraikalan (2018), The findings of the current study indicated that the nutritional
composition of the powder made from banana peels had improved. The approximate percentages of
protein, fat, and fiber in USA variety peels were calculated to be 9.4%, 6.7%, and 11.5%, while
India variety peels show respective percentages of 11.7, 3.6, and 14.4 for these three nutrients.
These peels contained 12 sizable amounts of tannin, flavonoids, and total phenols.
Deval Patel, Raju Rathod (2019), According to the research on food perception, preferences, and
brand selection for ready-to-eat foods, consumers choose brands mostly based on factors such as
trust and safety. These two factors foster enduring brand associations. Although there are other
criteria that consumers take into account when buying ready-to-eat meals, trust and safety have
emerged as the most important ones. Brand endorsements, brand ethical issues, and brand qualities
don't really affect consumers' intentions to buy.
G Garima, S Binod, B Vimal (2020), The ready-to-eat food sector has a good outlook and is one of
the food market segments that is expanding the fastest, both in industrialized and emerging
nations. This is a result of people's hectic and busy schedules making it difficult for them to cook.
The majority of consumers favour ready-to-eat food items since they are so convenient and simple
to utilize. It also saves a tone of time. Due to their concern for their health, the majority of people
only consume Ready-To-Food rarely.
37
www.ijemr.in
2.1 OBJECTIVES
1. To look at the increased demand for prepared foods and ingredients.
2. To understand the consumption and behaviour patterns
3. To identify the key aspects that influence the purchase.
4. To offer insightful conclusions and suggestions.
2.2 HYPOTHESIS
H0: There is no relation between gender and the basis for choosing to buy prepared foods.
H1: There is a relation between gender and the basis for choosing to buy prepared foods.
H0: There is no relation between occupation and understanding ready-to-cook meals.
H1: There is a relation between occupation and understanding ready-to-cook meals.
III. DATA AND METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN: - A research design is a systematic and logical approach for leading a
research investigation. It outlines the objectives of the study as well as the approaches and
techniques that will be employed to accomplish them. A research design is the blueprint that will
be used to carry out a study's approach. It outlines the steps involved in collecting,
measuring, and interpreting data. The investigation's focus will be on figuring out how people often
consume nutrient-dense ready-to-eat and prepare foods.
DATA SOURCES: Primary Data‘s: - It was gathered sing a questionnaire. The results of a
standardized questionnaire are the basis for the study.
Secondary Data: - It came from books, magazines, websites, newspapers, and other sources.
SAMPLE SIZE: - The studies of sampling method is convenience sampling, and the sample size is
100 respondents.
SOFTWARE USED: - The project's application software is M S Excel and IBM software.
IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ANALYSIS: - 1
Statistical tool: - Chi-square
H0: There is no relation between gender and the basis for choosing to buy prepared foods. H1:
There is a relation between gender and the basis for choosing to buy prepared foods.
GENDER * 19. What was the main factor in your decision to buy ready-to-cook products? Cross
tabulation
Count
19. What was the main factor in your Pearson
decision to buy Ready-to-cook products? Chi
Business use Family use Others Square P- value
Gender male 12 10 36
female 5 22 15
Total 17 32 51 7.674 .003
Interpretation: - The p value is greater than 0.05, as can be seen from the output table above. At
the 5% level of significance, H0 is ruled out. Therefore, it can be said that there is a
significant relationship between gender and the factors influencing the decision to buy prepared
foods.
FINDINGS
1: It turned out that men made up the majority of the respondents.
2: It was discovered that the majority of respondents were between the ages of 18 and 25. 3: It was
discovered that the majority of respondents are single.
4: The majority of respondents' families consist of three to five members.
38
www.ijemr.in
V. CONCLUSION
Ready-to-eat meals are one of the food market segments expanding at the fastest rate in both
developed and developing nations. Changes in consumer behaviour have led to an increase in the
demand for ready-to-eat meals over time. There are a variety of potential causes for these
alterations. An increase in the number of working women, consumer spending, personal disposable
income, and, most importantly, households with one or two members are the most significant of
these. Customers now have the opportunity to spend less time doing kitchen chores and more time
doing other work or leisure activities as a result of these shifts in socioeconomic trends. While the
amount of money spent on food purchases is rising, the amount of time spent preparing food is
decreasing.
REFERENCES
• Bhavya Dhir, Neerja Singla (2019) Consumption pattern and health implications of
convenience foods Curr. J. Appl. Sci. Technol 38, 1-9.
• Sushant Temgire, Anjan Borah, Sandip Kumthekar, Aniket Idate (2021) Recent trends in ready
to eat/cook food products The Pharma Innovation Journal 10 (5), 211-217.
• Yamunadevi Puraikalan (2018) Characterization of Proximate, Phytochemical and Antioxidant
Analysis of Banana (Musa Sapientum) Peels/Skins and Objective Evaluation of Ready to Eat /Cook
Product Made with Banana Peels. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 6 (2),
382-391.
• Deval Patel, Raju Rathod (2019) Ready-to-eat food perception, food preferences and food choice–
a theoretical discussion Worldwide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development 3 (8),
198-205.
• G Garima, S Binod, B Vimal (2020) A study on consumer perception towards ready-to-eat food
with special reference to Pune, Shodh Sarita 28, 72-7.
• Supriya Sasmal, Dakshata Ghodeswar (2019) Consumer Perception towards Ready-to-Eat Food
Products, Journal homepage: www. ijrpr. com ISSN 2582, 7421
• Suman Talukder, Sanjod Kumar Mendiratta, Rajiv Ranjan Kumar, Arvind Soni, Dwaipayan
Bardha (2020) Evaluation of meat consumption pattern and meat quality in North Indian cities,
Journal of Animal Research 10 (3), 365-373. 47
• Ashish Kr. Is her, Jyoti Kachori, Sudhakar Dwivedi, Anil Bhat, S.P. Singh and Sabbey Sharma
(2018) Consumer Behaviour and Consumption Pattern Towards Ready to Eat Food Products in
Jammu City, Advances in Social Research,
• Prashant Mathur, Rakesh Pillai (2019) Overnutrition: Current scenario & combat strategies, The
Indian journal of medical research 149 (6), 695.
• Saruna Ghimire, Naveen Shrestha, Karen Callahan (2018) Barriers to dietary salt reduction
among hypertensive patients, Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16 (2), 124-130,
• KD MinalKashyap, Dr Anil Sarda (2020) A study of growth of fast-food industry with reference
to shift in consumer‘s buying habits in Nagpur city International Journal of Application or
Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM).
• Charles Spence, Katsunori Okajima, Adrian David Cheok, Olivia Petit, Charles Michel (2019)
Eating with our eyes: From visual hunger to digital satiation Brain and cognition 110, 53-63.
• Sue Moore, Simon Murphy, Katy Tapper, Laurence Moore (2018) From policy to plate: barriers
to implementing healthy eating policies in primary schools in Wales, Health policy 94 (3), 239-245.
• Pei Wang, Jiazhang Huang, Junmao Sun, Rui Liu, Tong Jiang, Guiju Sun (2022) Evaluating the
Nutritional Properties of Food, Nutrients 14 (11), 2352.
• Ibrahim Mervate Kamal (2019) Some heavy metal residues in fast foods (ready to eat) collected
from Alexandria governorate, Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal 11 (2), 147- 161.
39
www.ijemr.in
A STUDY ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS ORGANIC FOOD PRODUCTION IN INDIA

UJJWAL S B, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Madeswaran A , Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of Technology,
Abstract
The use of contaminated food has led to a sharp rise in illness, according to data provided by the World
Health Organization on food safety. These foods are contaminated with dust, bacteria, parasites,
viruses, or chemicals that can cause cancer, diarrhea, and other illnesses. People are turning to eating
organic food in an effort to lessen the negative effects of eating polluted food on their health.India has
developed into a major market for numerous international goods. However, India also has a significant
market share for organic food items. Over the past ten years, demand for organic food products has
skyrocketed, not only in developed countries but also in many less developed and underdeveloped
ones. the primary driver of the increase in demand.
Keywords: organic food, organic food pattern, customer awareness
INTRODUCTION
The research article describes how consumer behavior has changed from a conventional to an
organic food pattern. Their concern for their health is the key factor driving their actions. Customers
like organic products since they are made with natural fertilizers and residues and don't contain
synthetic fertilizers or chemical residues. Although organic food is traditionally consumed in India,
there is not a particularly high demand for organic food products in the market. However, during
pandemics, there is a minor uptick in demand. This research article aims to investigate customer
awareness, pre-purchase appraisal, possible purchases, and purchasing intentions in relation to
organic food products. Through this research
The primary source of organic products is organic farming, where crops are grown using natural
fertilizers, such as cow dung, manures, plants, and animal waste, instead of utilizing hazardous
chemicals, pesticides, and other synthetic fertilizers. The synthetic food colors, additives, and
preservatives are absent from organic food products.
IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIC FOOD PRODUCTS IN INDIA:
India has a strong ability to produce a variety of organic foods and has historically and mostly
practiced organic farming. India is more amenable to the adoption of organic food items than other
nations because of its general appeal with its wide variety of traditional meals. This facilitates the
entry of new food-producing companies into the Indian market and international markets.
India is the country with the most agricultural acreage in the world and the country with the most
organic farmers overall, according to a research from 2022. 8,88,179.52 MT worth of organic food
products were exported.
India exports organic goods to the UK, USA, Israel, Korea, Australia, Vietnam, Switzerland, the
United Arab Emirates, Japan, New Zealand, Canada, and other countries.
Food goods that are grown organically contain a variety of items, but the primary ones include
sugarcane, cereals, oil seeds, millets, pulses, medicinal plants, coffee, tea, spices, vegetables, fruits,
and dry fruits.
India's consumption of organic food products has grown significantly over the past few years as a
result of factors including increased health and fitness awareness, Indian consumers' increased
purchasing power, standard of living, age-related factors, the quality and benefits of organic
products, market trends, etc. According to an Indian industry analysis, India's market for organic
food items will reach $820 million in 2020, up from roughly $200 million in 2018.
Additionally, a CAGR of 24% growth in market size is predicted for 2026. During the COVID 19
pandemic, even then, the Since organic products don't contain synthetic fertilizers or chemical
residues and are instead manufactured with natural fertilizers and residues, consumers prefer them.
Despite the fact that organic food is traditionally consumed in India, there isn't a huge market for
organic food products. However, there is a little increase in demand during pandemics. This study
intends to examine consumer awareness of, pre-purchase evaluation of, potential purchases of, and
intentions to purchase organic food products.
40
www.ijemr.in
An effort has been made in this study to examine and comprehend

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
After reading the aforementioned study papers and publications, it is clear that although there is a
movement in consumer demand for organic food items, it is not as strong as it could be for a number
of reasons. The research mentioned above contain a variety of data pertaining to various places,
although those conclusions might not be definitive. The pandemic significantly affects consumer
behavior trends. This study was conducted to determine the causes of the slower growth in demand
for organic food items, as well a offers a description of how consumers in Hassan, Karnataka, behave
when buying organic food products.
Objectives of the Study:
1. To research city residents' dietary preferences
2. To understand how consumers feel about and behave when buying organic food.
3. To determine their level of knowledge and awareness on the significance of organic food items.
4. To examine the variables influencing customer interest in organic goods.
Research methodology:
1. Selecting a sample from the overall population
2. Data gathering from the populace via questionnaire
3. Data editing and classification
4. Data interpretation and analysis.
Population of the research:
There are 50 responders from the Hassan city, Karnataka, sample population, which is included in
the population.
Primary Data:
The research study uses an appropriate questionnaire to collect data using a straightforward random
sample procedure. This form of data collection is easy to use, affordable, and straightforward. So,
this was chosen to gather data. Individuals from homes, neighborhood businesses, and temporary
storefronts are included in the samples.
Secondary data:
The secondary data was gathered through consulting a variety of journals, newspaper stories,
theses, published research papers, and websites; the sources are listed in the reference.
Limitations of the research:
1. Only Hassan City is included in the analysis.
2. Only 50 people who are familiar with the topic and the products are included in the sample.
3. the anlysis of the food which was utilized by the peoples and trhe population
ANALYSIS
Table 1
1.Preference of consumer:
Consumer Preference No of respondents Percentage
Highbreed farming 5 9.8%
Organic farming 45 90.2%
Total 50 100%
From the above table is clear from the aforementioned data and graph that, of the sample of 50
respondents, 45 choose organic farming and 5 favour highbred farming. Therefore, approximately
90% of people value organic farming and oppose farming that uses chemicals and pesticides, which
may produce a nice yield but harm consumers' health.
41
www.ijemr.in
Table 2
Consumer Preference No of Respondents Percentage Analysis
Organic food products 47 94%
Non organic food products 3 6%
Total 50 100%
According to the above diagram, 47 of the 50 respondents prefer to buy organic food goods, whereas
3 respondents prefer to buy non-organic food products. That means that more than 94% of people
prefer to buy organic food items because they are concerned about their health and wellbeing.
Table 3
Product usage on daily basis No. of respondents Percentage
Yes 20 39.2%
No 13 25.5%
May be 17 35.3%
Total 50 100%
According to the aforementioned table and graph, 20 out of 50 respondents regularly consume
organic foods like fruits, vegetables, dry fruits, honey, cereals, and pulses. 13 respondents, however,
report using organic food products rarely or not at all depending on their preferences. The other
respondents do not know whether they use frequently or infrequently. As a result, it is apparent that
opinions on using organic products in daily life are divided.
Table 4
Motivators No. of respondents Percentage
Family 19 37.3%
Friends 9 17.6%
Self decision 20 39.2%
TV advertisement 2 5.9%
Total 50 100%
The information above illustrates the factors that influence people to purchase organic products.
From the facts above, it is clear that our decision to consume or buy organic food products is
primarily influenced by our family and our personal beliefs and principles. Some people's friends can
also have an impact. Comparatively speaking, very few individuals are affected by television
advertisements, demonstrating that people are aware of the advantages of consuming organic food
items and do not place much weight in advertisements that can be incorrect or deceptive.
Findings:
 The sample of 50 respondents, 45 choose organic farming and 5 favour highbred farming.
 The 50 respondents prefer to buy organic food goods, whereas 3 respondents prefer to buy non-
organic food products.
 The factors that influence people to purchase organic products.
 20 out of 50 respondents regularly consume organic foods like fruits, vegetables, dry fruits,
honey, cereals, and pulses. 13 respondents, however, report using organic food products rarely or
not at all depending on their preferences.
 Only 63% of consumers prefer organic products due to health concerns.
 Nearly 34 of the sample population prefers that organic food products be priced affordably with
little markup, while 20% of the sample population prefers premium
 Sample population prefers to purchase goods from their local market since it is convenient.
 Out of 50 respondents, over 93% believed that organic products had fared well following the
pandemic scenario on the market, and 25% of them strongly agreed.
42
www.ijemr.in
Conclusion:
Consumers are switching from conventional food goods to organic food products because they are
generated from organic farming, which is free of chemical fertilizers, and there is a greater awareness
of health issues and expectations for living a healthy life. The market share of organic products is
progressively rising in India. Therefore, there is a change in customer behaviour toward those items
because they are produced naturally, are rich in nutrients, and are environmentally and healthfully
friendly. This has led to a rise in the market's desire for organic goods. However, the Indian market
continues to lag behind in terms of accessibility and marketing strategies. There is also a lack of
knowledge about the advantages of organic food among customers, farmers, and vendors. If these
problems are properly addressed.
Reference
1. B. Krishnakumare and S. Niranjan (2017), "Contumers Buying Behaviour towards Organic Food
Products in Tamil Nadu", Agricultural Economics Research Review, Volume 30, Issue 1, January-
June 2017, pp 133-138.
2. Brijesh S. (2015), "Factors affecting consumer preference towards organic food purchases, Indian
Journal of Science and Technology, Volume 8, Issue 33, pp 1
3. Esna B. Bugday, Seval G. and Nuri D (2016), "Examination of Consumers Consumption Patterns
of Organic Food Products‖ The International Journal of Business and Management, Volume 4, Issue 3,
2016, pp. 344-353
4. M. Sathis Kumar and Dr. E. Muthukumar (2016), "Effect of Influential Factors on Consumers
Attitude towards Organic Food Products", The International Journal of Business and Management,
Volume 4, Issue 3, 2016, pp. 193-197.
5. Sangeetha N. (2015). "Evaluation of the l'erception and Buying Behaviour of the Consumers
towards Organic Food in India", Journal of Exclusive Management Science, Volume 4, Issue 11, 2015,
pp. 1-12.
43
www.ijemr.in
A STUDY ON IMPACT OF TRAINING AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT ON PERFORMANCE LEVEL

Ms. Pragathi SR, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies,
Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru- 560 098
Dr. Shilpi Kulshrestha, Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies,
Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru- 560 098
ABSTRACT
This study set out to determine how training and employee involvement affected workers'
performance. The purpose of the current study is to investigate how training and employee
engagement affect an employee's level of performance. In this study, questionnaires were the main
tool utilised to gather data. SPSS was used to analyse the data. The findings of the regression
analysis show a substantial relationship between training and employee engagement and employee
performance. According to the findings of the correlation research, there is a strong correlation
between staff training and performance.
Keywords: Employee engagement, Training, Employee performance
INTRODUCTION
Training
Every successful business relies on its human resources. Employee training and development is a
necessary tool for achieving organisational goals. Quality of staff in any organisation leads to effective
progress and development of the organisation and the nation. Organizations can survive and thrive if
they achieve and maintain quality and efficiency.
An organization‘s management must view training as a long-term investment in its human resources
- it is the act of increasing the knowledge and skill of its employees for doing a particular job (Cascio,
1992; Monappa & Saiyadain, 2008).
Employee engagement
Employee engagement is a key predictor of many organisational outcomes, including employee
performance and commitment. This study demonstrates that employee engagement is favourably
linked with the emotional and normative components of organisational commitment, but not with
the continuation component. Officers in the deck and engine departments demonstrated similar
levels of interest and devotion.
Employee engagement must be prioritised in any business with a varied workforce and many
employees working for the same organisation. In today's globalisation and industrialization era,
when market rivalry is severe, the necessity for engaged personnel is important for organisational
survival and efficiency. Employee engagement is seen as a crucial business approach that is
extensively employed today, particularly in the service industry.
Types of Training programmes, which can be offered to employees.
1. On the job training
2. Off the job training
Advantages of Employee Engagement.
Every company strives to use its human resources as efficiently as possible in order to gain a
competitive advantage. Employees who care about their jobs have positive relationships with their
co-workers, which improves the working environment. High levels of engagement encourage
employee retention, develop customer loyalty, and improve organisational performance.
To improve organisational effectiveness, the company should focus on employee engagement.
Employee engagement can have a significant impact on staff retention, productivity, and loyalty.
There are numerous advantages to having engaged personnel. Employees who are engaged are
dedicated to their jobs and concerned about the organization's future.
Statement of problem.
Management development aims to prepare employees for future work in an organisation through
training. Acquiring skills and knowledge is required to perform various tasks and functions related to
44
www.ijemr.in
their future roles. The initial goal of this research is to better understand the impact of training and
employee engagement on their performance.
Objective of the study.
To study and analyse the significant relationship between training and performance of an employee.
To analyse the significant relationship between training and employee engagement on performance of
an employee.
Hypothesis of the study
1. H0: There is no significant relationship between training and performance of an employee
H1: There is a significant relationship between training and performance of an employee
2. H0: There is no significant impact of training and employee engagement on the performance of
an employee
H1: There is a significant impact of training and employee engagement on the performance of an
employee.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Ali H. Halawi (2018) Effect of training on employee performance.
Business today relies on talented employee with improved capability, skills, and knowledge.
However, it is unclear how Lebanese businesses attain this level of employee education and training.
This paper examines the impact of preparing on the exhibition of representatives from two Lebanon-
based organisations. An organization‘s investment in training demonstrate to employees that they
are valued. Employees can get training. They would not have thought of or looked for their own. As a
result, employees may be more satisfied with their jobs if training opportunities make them feel
valued and challenged. Employee behaviour on working abilities will be influenced by the training.
Li Sun (2019) Employee Engagement
In both theory and practice, employee engagement is a crucial topic. There are three categories of
factors that influence employee engagement: Organisational factors, task characteristics and
individual factors. It has been discovered that individual performance (such as organisational
commitment, positive behaviour, etc.) is positively correlated with employee engagement.
The International journal of Human Resource studies is typically using the term ―employee
engagement‖ to describe employees‘ physical, mental, and emotional involvement in their jobs. The
needs satisfaction framework says that employees‘ engagement in role performances is determined
by their sense of work‘s significance, job security, and access to personal resources.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research Design
The research design lays out a detailed plan for how the review's numerous exploration topics will be
addressed. In other words, it is the calculated system for completing an examination. It consists of a
data collection, dimensioning, breaking down, or inspection system.
Sample design
 The survey collected sample size of 165 respondents.
 Sample collected from private schools and college teachers.
Instrumental design
 Questionnaire
Statistical tools
 Correlation
 Regression
Limitation
 The data collecting method takes a long time.
 We do not speak with the responders in person.
 The survey might not be taken into consideration due to inaccurate data.
 Some responders are not correctly replaying
45
www.ijemr.in
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Table no:1
organization consider training as a part of organization strategy
Cumulative
Particular Frequency Percent Valid percent percent
Strongly agree 20 12.1 12.2 12.2
Agree 113 68.5 64.8 81.1
Neutral 29 17.6 17.7 98.8
Disagree 1 .6 .6 99.4
Strongly disagree 1 .6 .6 100.0
Total 164 99.4 100.0
System 1 .6
165 100.0
Analysis: From this survey out of 100 percent respondents there are 68.5% agrees to the survey,
17.6% respondents said its neutral, 12.2% strongly agrees on it and the percent of both who disagree
and strongly disagrre are same that is 0.6%.
Chart no:1
Interpretation: As per the survey most of the employee agrees that their organization consider
training as a part of organization strategy.
Table no 2
Do you feel proud to be part of the company.
Cumulative
Highly satisfied12 7.3 7.3 7.3
Satisfied 102 61.8 62.2 69.5
Neutral 46 27.9 28.0 97.6
Dissatisfied 4 2.4 2.4 100.0
Total 164 99.4 100.0
System 1 .6
165 100.0
Analysis: Based on the survey the least of the employee voted for dissatisfied its 2.4 in percent, the
most is 61.8% are satisfied, 27.9% is neutral and only 7.3% of employee are highly satisfied.
46
www.ijemr.in
Chart no: 2
Interpretation: As on survey most of the respondent is satisfied and they feel proud to be part of the
company.
Table no: 3 - Does training helps to increase the performance level of employee.
Cumulative
Agree 89 53.9 53.9 68.5
Neutral 50 30.3 30.3 98.8
Disagree 2 1.2 1.2 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Analysis: From this survey out of 100%, 53.9% of respondent says agree, 30.3% of respondent says
neutral, 14.5% of respondent says strongly agree and 1.2% of respondent says disagree.
Chart no:3
Interpretation: As per it is found that most of the respondent says agree that the training helps
them to increase the performance level of employee
Table no: 4 - Do you feel comfortable at contributing your ideas and opinion
in your workplace.
Cumulative
Agree 92 55.8 56.1 64.0
Neutral 52 31.5 31.7 95.7
Disagree 6 3.6 3.7 99.4
Strongly disagree 1 .6 .6 100.0
Total 164 99.4 100.0
System 1 .6
165 100.0
47
www.ijemr.in
Analysis: As the above table this survey says that the most of respondent voted for agree its 56.1 in
percentage, 31.7% voted for neutral, 7.9% strongly agrees, 3.7% of respondent disagree and 0.6% of
respondent are strongly disagree.
Chart no: 4
Interpretation: Based on the survey most of the respondent voted for agree that they are
comfortable in contributing ideas and opininons in their work place
INFERENTIAL ANALYSIS
A statistical method for data analysis and drawing conclusions about the given sample is called an
inferential analysis. It can be applied to test assumptions and projections. Based on the sampling
that is being studied, inferential analysis enables users to draw conclusions about the trends of a
larger population.
Analysis 1:
Statistical tool: correlation
Variable1: - Training
Variable: - Employees performance.
1. H0: There is no significant relationship between training and performance of an employee.
H1: There is a significant relationship between training and performance of an employee.
Particular T EP
T Pearson
1 .335**
Correlation
N 163 159
EP Pearson
.335** 1
Correlation
N 159 161
Interpretation
From the table we can observe that the p-value for the variables training and employee performance
is 0.00 in the above output table which is less than 0.05, indicating that H0 is rejected at a 5% level
of significance
Findings:
According to the first analysis of the correlation test, there is a significant relationship between
employee training and performance.
Analysis 2:
Statistical tool: Regression
48
www.ijemr.in
Variable1: - Training, Employee engagement

Variable: - Employees performance.
H0: There is no significant impact of training and employee engagement on the performance of an
employee
H1: There is a significant impact of training and employee engagement on the performance of an
employee.
Unstandardized Standardised
coefficient. coefficients.
B Std.error beta t Sig.
1 8.749 .932 9.384 .000
Does your organisation
consider training as a
.328 .254 .100 1.291 .199
part of organisation
strategy
Employee engagement
Do you feel proud to be .066 .263 .020 .252 .801
part of the company.
Does the training
method focus on
.730 .213 .269 3.432 .001
developing team work
and leadership skills?
Do you feel comfortable
contributing ideas and
.134 .208 .050 .643 .521
opinion in your
workplace
Interpretation
The p-value for the variables training, employee engagement, and employee performance is 0.01 in
the above output table which is less than 0.05, indicating that H0 is rejected at a 5% level of
significance. As a result, it is concluded that training and employee engagement have a significant
impact on an employee's performance.
Findings
 From this survey 68.5% respondents agree that their organisation consider training as a part of
organisation strategy
 Based on the survey there are 61.8% of respondent agree that they feel proud to be part of the
company
 From this survey 53.9% respondents agree that the training helps them to increase the
performance level of employee
 From this survey 55.8% respondents agree that they are comfortable in contributing ideas and
opininons in their work place
 From the analysis of the correlation test, we can conclude that there is a significant relationship
between employee training and performance.
 From the regression analysis the p-value for the variables training, employee engagement, and
employee performance is 0.01 in the above output table which is less than 0.05, indicating that H0 is
rejected at a 5% level of significance. As a result, it is concluded that training and employee
engagement have a significant impact on an employee's performance.
Suggestion
 Appreciate the work and contribution of an employee towards the organisation
 Provide continuous coaching and employee training
 Give your employees more responsibilities rather than just more tasks to complete.
 Recognise the work of an employee.
 Get regular feedback from employees.
49
www.ijemr.in
Conclusion
This study used data from the teaching staff to analyse the effects of training and employee
engagement on worker performance. This was done via a questionnaire poll of 165 private school and
college professors. The findings of the regression show that training and employee involvement have
a substantial influence on their performance. Additionally, the findings of the correlation study show
a favourable link between training and worker performance. Because of the significant positive
relationship between employee engagement and performance revealed by the research, organisations
should never create policies, procedures, or decisions without consulting their workforce because
doing so will compel them to dedicate themselves to achieving the objectives of the organisation.
Because it has been demonstrated that on-the-job training is more closely connected to employee
performance than off-the-job training, organisations should take it into consideration. As a result,
on-the-job training should be given priority if a firm wishes to teach its personnel.
REFERENCE
Ali H. Halawi (2018) Effect of training on employee performance. Arab Open University.
Sun, L., & Bunchapattanasakda, C. (2019). Employee engagement: A literature review. International
Journal of Human Resource Studies, 9(1), 63-80.
van Assen, M. F. (2021). Training, employee involvement and continuous improvement–the
moderating effect of a common improvement method. Production planning & control, 32(2), 132-144.
50
www.ijemr.in
A STUDY ON STRESS RELATED FACTORS AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE

WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COLLEGE LECTURES IN BANAGLORE CITY
Ms. Rachana S, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Dr. Shilpi Kulshrestha, Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy
ABSTRACT
A study on stress related factors and its impact on employee performance with special reference to
college lecturers in Bangalore city aimed to investigate the various stressors faced by college lecturers
and their impact on job performance. The study utilized a sample of college lecturers from institution
and collected data through questionnaire. The objectives of the study are to locate the causes of stress
in the college lecturers and impact of stress on employee performance. 68 random samples were
obtained for data analysis. To test the hypotheses chi-square test, regression and confirmatory factor
analysis were used. Age of the lecturer and stress levels does not have any relationship with each
other was revealed from the chi-square test.
Keywords: Stressors, employee performance, college lecturers, stress.
I. INTRODUCTION
Every aspect of life is impacted by stress. Each and every individual realizes and faces stress at every
point in their lives. Stress is a difficult concept to define correctly. Nevertheless, the dictionary
defines stress as pressure or anxiety brought on a person‘s life or by having too much to do. Not only
does stress affect our physical health, but also our mental health. While a opposite association with
stress and performance in a learning environment, the focus of this study is the connection between
stress and outcomes among college lectures.
Stress can be based on how long it will last, it may be brief, long-lasting, mild or severe. However,
major stress problems persist for an extended period of time. If stress is not responded it may
result in another trauma, It is yet another extreme version of stress. Working father, mother and
women in industries with a male superiority are particularly exposed to workplace stress. whatever
may be the cause, living through office stress can lead to burnout in many employees.
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
1. To locate the causes of stress in the college lecturers.
2. Impact of stress on employee performance.
3. To suggest possible solution to manage stress.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The proposed research looks into the elements that influence the effect of stress on performance of
lecturer‘s in the Bengaluru. The current study is limited to teaching staff in higher education
(undergraduate and postgraduate), however stress factors vary throughout lower education sectors
which could be considered. The study is limited to only faculty of global academy of technology.
Dr. Tripuraneni Jaggaiah, Dr. T. Balaji, Suganya S (2021) The study, which had been carried out in
Bangalore, is founded on both primary and secondary data collected from the natural world. The
major sources of the data were different college lecturers and faculty members in India. For the
purpose of this study, the effects of stress are recognised and categorised into two aspects. A number
of assertions about the impacts of stress are present in each dimension. In order to do this the
institution must put into action strategies including fostering a stress-free workplace, increasing
public awareness of the negative impacts of stress on people, families, and institutions, and offering
stress management programmes.
Khairunesa Isa & Sarala Thulasi Palpanadan (2020) The goal of this study was to identify the key
stressors and the level of stress among Malaysian professors. In addition, the link between stressors
and lecturers' stress was looked into. This study employed a survey methodology. A questionnaire
with four Likert Scales was utilised as the data gathering tool. There were 33 items total in the three
sections of the instrument. Six hundred nine respondents in total were picked at random from four
public universities in Malaysia. The data were analysed both descriptively and inferentially using
SPSS 24.0. Using frequencies and descriptive statistics, the data were analysed.
51
www.ijemr.in
Inferential statistics were applied to accept or reject the alternative hypothesis. In the event that
statistical analysis demonstrates that the significance level is the alternative hypothesis may be
accepted or the null hypothesis may be rejected depending on the cut-off value (such as 0.05 or
0.01).
Dr. S. David Amirtha Rajan, R. Meenakshi (2017) This article focuses on how teachers must relate
stress and performance at educational institutions, despite the fact that there is a negative
relationship between stress and performance.
This article's core framework focuses on stress in general, including its sources, effects, and various
ways that stress affects teacher effectiveness. This essay focuses on significant performance-related
stressors from the viewpoint of Bangalorean teachers. A survey was used as the primary research
method in the current study, which was primarily planned as a normative study. With a sample of
50 faculty members chosen at random, the survey was carried out directly in various educational
institutions in Bangalore City, and the stress variables related to those responses were developed.
Chi-Square test is used for the study's analysis.
The research method used in the study is descriptive research design. Primary sources of data
include college lectures and faculty at Global Academy of Technology and other colleges. 68 random
samples were obtained for data analysis and interpretation using the questionnaire method of data
collection. In this study, descriptive statistics were performed for data analysis There was a total of
four sections in the questionnaire. Questions relevant to the respondents' fundamental information
were asked in the first segment.
The objective of the second session is to understand the factors which contribute for lecturers'
stress. The purpose of the next section is to discover how much stress the respondents have
encountered. The final part discussed several stress-relieving techniques that can be used.
III. DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
Analysis 1
Hypothesis 1
Ho = There is no relationship between age of the lecturer and stress level.
H1 = There is a relationship between age of the lecturer and stress level.
Table 3 Relationship between Age and stress level
How would you rate the level of your

Age of job stress
Respondent 1 2 3 4 5 Total
1 2 5 14 1 3 25
2 0 3 8 1 2 14
3 0 2 6 1 4 13
4 1 1 8 2 3 15
Total 3 11 36 5 12 67
Table 4 𝒙𝟐 test
Value df p
𝑥2 6.47 12 0.891
N 67
Interpretation: From the above table, P = 0.891>0.05, Ho is accepted that is there is no relationship
between age of the respondent and stress level.
Analysis 2
Ho = There is no significant relationship between stress and its impact on lecturers work life balance.
H1 = There is significant relationship between stress and its impact on lecturers work life balance.
52
www.ijemr.in
Table 5 Regression Statistics

REGRESSION STATISTICS
Multiple R 0.09
R Square 0.01
Adjusted R Square -0.01
Standard Error 0.24
Observations 68.00
Table 6: ANOVA Table
Significance
df SS MS F F
Regression 1.00 0.03 0.03 0.56 0.46
Residual 66.00 3.73 0.06
Total 67.00 3.76
Table 7: coefficients table

Standard t P- Lower Upper Lower Upper
Coefficients Error Stat value 95% 95% 95.0% 95.0%
Intercept 0.98 0.10 9.46 0.00 0.78 1.19 0.78 1.19
Work life
balance 0.02 0.03 0.75 0.46 -0.03 0.08 -0.03 0.08
Interpretation: The above table shows the results of regression analysis aimed at understanding the
connection between work life balance and levels of stress experienced. The r square value is 0.01%
there is 1% of impact on work life balance and stress level, The ANOVA table shows that the
regression is not significant with the p value of 0.46 greater than 0.05, hence Ho is accepted at 5%
level of significance.
Analysis 3
Table 8:confirmatory factor analysis
Factor Indicator Estimate SE Z P
1 Do you agree that a stress-free work 0.821 0.1127 7.28 <0.01
environment prevents stress-related
problems and improves job satisfaction and
loyalty, resulting in better work quality?
2 Do you agree that ensuring employees 0.961 0.1064 9.03 <0.01
adhere to traditional working hours,
avoiding emails or calls after they have left
the office, are some ways to achieve a
healthy work-life balance?
3 Do you think paid vacation should be 0.687 0.1103 6.23 <0.01
considered as a stress-relieving option?
4 Do you think counselling sessions must be 0.517 0.1067 4.85 <0.01
added to relieve stress?
5 Do you believe that open communication 0.823 0.0927 8.47 <0.01
between superiors and employees can help
employees deal with interpersonal
stressors and challenges?
Table 4.5.3.3 Fit measures

RMSEA 90% CI
CFI TLI RMSEA Lower Upper AIC
0.926 0.895 0.04 0.112 0.304 807
53
www.ijemr.in
Interpretation: The above table depicts the results from CFI which was used to test whether the
suggestive measures are good to go. The above CFI value shows that the model is fit since the
comparative factor index (CFI) is 0.926 which is above 0.90 which shows that target model is fit and
the suggestive measures suggested can be adopted.
FINDINGS
1. Age of the lecturer and stress levels does not have any relationship with each other was revealed
from the chi-square test.
2. 44.1% of the response was given for the statement which stated as do you agree that a stress-
free working environment prevents stress-related problems and improves job satisfaction and loyalty,
resulting in better work quality.
3. From the study it was revealed that 52.9% of the respondents had preferred for having
counselling sessions to be added for relieving stress.
4. The confirmatory factor analysis concluded that the suggestive measures can be adopted by the
lecturers to reduce stress levels from analysis 3.
IV. CONCLUSION
A good amount of stress is required in every profession to achieve the desired goals and objectives or
even to complete the task assigned at right time. When the stress is not handled in a right way then
it would lead to some of serious health issues, job dissatisfaction, disturb work life balance. So,
identifying and taking necessary steps to help lecturers manage stress is very important. Some of the
stress causing factors among lecturers are increase in job responsibilities, stressful working
relationships between subordinates or superiors, unsatisfied training opportunities. Addressing the
causes of stress in work place can ensure that lecturers are able to provide the highest quality
education possible to their students and helps to maintain their mental and physical well-being.
Some of the suggestive measures suggested in this paper can be adapted by the institution to
manage stress among lecturers.
REFERENCES
1. Dr. S. David Amirtha Rajan and R. Meenakshi, A study on role of stress in performance among
teaching faculty in Bengaluru city, volume 5, issue 1, ISSN 2320-4188.
2. Isa, K., & Palpanadan, S. T. (2020). Prevalence Causes of Stress and Coping Strategies among
Malaysian University Lecturers. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(5), 312-321.
3. Jaggaiah, T. (2021). Impact of stress management among academicians with special reference to
Bangalore. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government Vol, 27(01).
4. Muthu vel, L (2018) Job Stress and its impact on job satisfaction among engineering college
teachers in Madurai district (Doctoral dissertation, Madurai Kamaraj university madurai).
5. Varadaraj, A., & Jabeen, B. F. stress management of college teachers with reference to Chennai
district.
54
www.ijemr.in
A STUDY ON IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION ON EMOLYEE PERFORMANCE

Ms. Sneha.P, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
ABSTRACT
Employee motivation is essential for organizations to achieve their goals To enjoy working hard, people
must be motivated. People nowadays want to understand why they are putting in so much effort.
Every employee in a company is motivated differently. When discussing employee motivation, the
term "a reflection of the level of enthusiasm, commitment, and creativity that a company's personnel
bring to their tasks" is used The objectives of this study are to identify the The impact of employee
motivation on employee performance To gather the data structured five- point Likert‘s scale
questionnaire was used. A survey was conducted with the sample size of 105 To test the hypotheses
correlation and regression statistical tests were applied. According to the findings there is association
between Employee motivation and Employee performance
Keywords: Employee motivation ,Employee performance ,Work life Balance
INTRODUCTION: Employee motivation is defined as the amount of energy, dedication, and
innovation that employees bring to their jobs in a company. The most effective way to inspire people
to work hard is to motivate them. People today need to understand why they work so hard. Each
person in an organization has their own set of motivations. Organizations should incorporate
motivational tools to promote programmer and employee contributions in order to improve efficiency
and quality of service delivery. Managers should encourage and motivate employees to do so.
Organizations in today's dynamic globalized world are constantly attempting to develop and motivate
their employees in order to achieve higher levels of performance through various Human Resource
applications and practices.
Reward management system assists organization in attracting, capturing, retaining, and motivating
high-potential employees, resulting in high levels of performance
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
 To study what organizational related factors motivates the employee at the work place.
 To study the impact of motivation on employee performance
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:
 The process of the data collection was time consuming

 We don‘t have direct contact with the survey respondents
 Because of misleading data, the survey may not be considered
REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
 The Effect of Discipline and Motivation on Employee Performance in PT Samsung
Elektronik Indonesia Ryani Dhian Parashakti (2020)
The purpose of this research is to test and analyse the impact of discipline and motivation on PT
Samsung Elektronik Indonesia. The information was gathered by distributing questionnaires to a
total of 92 respondents and employing a quantitative descriptive approach. Statistical analysis in the
form of multiple linear regression tests was used to analyse the data.
 The Effect of Competence and Compensation to Motivation of Employees and its Impact on
Employees Performance in the Personnel and Training Board of Karawang Regency Yanti Dwi
Indarti (2018)
In 2016, the Personnel and Training Board of Karawang Regency performed less than 100%. This is
thought to be influenced by a variety of factors including Competence, Compensation, and Work
Motivation. Because of the interest in the problem, the purpose of this study is to discover, analyse,
and explain the impact of Competence and Compensation on Work Motivation and its Impact on
Employee Performance at the Karawang Regency Personnel Staffing and Training.
55
www.ijemr.in
 The Influence of Internal Motivation and Work Environment on Employee Productivity Nov
12, 2018
Companies expect employees who are not only capable, adequate, and knowledgeable, but also willing
to work hard and strive for the best results. Their ability, capability, and skills are meaningless to
the companies unless they are willing to work hard to put them to use. Internal motivation is required
to stimulate the employee's desire to work hard and be enthusiastic in order to achieve greater
productivity.
RESEARCH DESIGN
A descriptive research design was used in the study's research methodology. It entails surveys as well
as various types of factual certification requirements. The primary goal of Descriptive Research
Design is to be visible. The main disadvantage of this method is that the researcher does not have
control over the variables. You can only report on what occurred. Primary data collection and
secondary data collection are the two types of data collection.
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
 No :4.1.1 Table and chart showing gender of the employees working in the organisation
SL NO Employees Female Male Total
parameters
1 Sample 52 53 105
respondents
2 Percentage 49% 51% 100%
 No:4.1.4 Table and chart showing the Educational Qualification of the Employees who are working
in the organization
SL NO Educational Respondents Percentage
qualification
1. Postgraduate 82 77.9%
2. Undergraduate 21 20.2%
3. Professional 2 1.9%
graduate
Total 105 100%
INFERENTIAL ANALYSIS Analysis 1:

Statistical tool: chi-square test
Independent variable: Age
Dependent variable: Employee motivation
Ho: There is no significant association between age and employee motivation level.
H1: There is significant association between age and employee motivation level
Table showing the association between age and employee motivation
Employee Age Total
Motivation 1 2 3
1 56 4 1 61
2 23 3 0 26
3 10 2 2 14
4 2 0 1 3
5 1 0 0 1
Total 92 9 4 105
χ² Tests
value Df p
χ² 14.8 8 0.063
105
56
www.ijemr.in
Interpretation: From the above analysis we can interpret that the P value is >0.05That is 0.063 so Ho
is accepted and H1is rejected therefore There is no significant association between age and employee
motivation, H1 is rejected at a 5% level of significance
Findings: Based on the analysis 1 of the chi-square test it is found that There is no significant
association between age and employee motivation
Analysis 2:
Statistical tool: Regression
Independent variable: Promotion opportunities
Dependent variable: Employee motivation
Ho: There is no significant impact of promotion opportunities on employee motivational level.
H1: There is a significant impact of promotion opportunities on employee motivation level.
Model Fit Measures
Model R R²
1 0.661 0.437
Omnibus ANOVA
Sum of df Mean F p
squares square
Employee 36.0 4 8.994 19.4 <.001
Motivation
Residuals 46.3 100 0.463
Model Employee Motivation

coefficients
Predictor Estimate SE t p
Intercept 1.096 0.0943 11.62
Promotion
opportunities
2-1 0.839 0.1544 5.44 <.001
3-1 1.257 0.1900 6.61 <.001
4-1 1.904 0.4902 3.88 <.001
5-1 1.904 0.4039 4.71 <.001
Interpretation: From the above linear regression analysis, we can interpret that the R=0.661and R²
=0.437 and P value is <0.05 That is 0.001so Ho is rejected and H1is accepted therefore There is
significant impact of promotional opportunities on employee motivational level. H0 is rejected at a
5% level of significance
Findings: Based on the analysis regression it is found that There is significant association
promotional activities and employee motivation
FINDINGS:
 Out of 105 responses 51% were Male and 49% were female respondents
 Out of 105 responses 87.5%respondents were of age group of 18-25
 Out of 105 responses 85.6% were unmarried and 14.4% were Married respondents
 Out of 105 77.9% of the employees were Postgraduate working in the organization
 Out of 105 responses 85.6% respondents have 0-3years of experience
 Out of 105 responses 58.7% of respondents strongly agree that fun activity occur regularly at
work place
SUGGESTIONS:
It is the responsibility of any organization to establish enticing motivational procedures that are
capable of working with and triggering powerful employee performance.
57
www.ijemr.in
We also discovered that the majority of respondents felt their salary did not meet their needs. It is
the management's job and responsibility to pay a reasonable wage for the amount of effort required to
complete the delegated tasks
 Most of the people in organization are saying that they are not aware about the career
opportunities which is available in the organization so the organization should focus on it in future
days
 Some of the people state that the company is not treating them fairly so the organization should
give equal importance for all the employees and should not be biased or should not do any kind of
favorism among the employees
CONCLUSION:
The manner in which employees are compensated and remunerated determines the success and
longevity of any organization. Employee responsibility and motivation are generally determined by the
monetary incentive system and motivational strategies. Nonetheless, for any organization to succeed in
this zealous society, employers must first understand what motivates employees to perform well and
then reward them accordingly. Furthermore, employees should be motivated through adequate
monetary motivation plans and reward systems, which will constantly urge employees to be actively
driven and have the right mentality to work, promoting organizational growth and productivity
REFERENCES:
 Abdi Mohamud, S., Ibrahim, A. A., & Hussein, J. M. (2017). The effect of motivation on
employee performance: Case study in Hormuud Company in Mogadishu Somalia.
International Journal of Development Research, 9(11), 17009-17016.
 Aima, H., Adam, R., & Ali, H. (2017). Model of Employee Performance: Competence Analysis
and Motivation (Case Study at PT. Bank Bukopin, Tbk Center). Leadership, 5(5).
 Andika, R., & Darmanto, S. (2020). The effect of employee empowerment and intrinsic
motivation on organizational commitment and employee performance. Jurnal Aplikasi
Manajemen, 18(2), 241-251
 Basit, A., & Hassan, Z. (2017). Impact of job stress on employee performance.
International Journal of Accounting and Business Management, 5(2), 13-33.
 Beltrán-Martín, I., & Bou-Llusar, J. C. (2018). Examining the intermediate role of employee
abilities, motivation and opportunities to participate in the relationship between HR bundles
and employee performance. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 21(2), 99-110.
58
www.ijemr.in
―A STUDY ON IMPACT OF EMPLOYEES MOTIVATION ON JOB

SATISFACTION LEVEL- AT TCS‖, BENGALURE
Mr. Swaroop Ganesh K.R, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global
ABSTRACT
Job satisfaction levels are greatly influenced by employee motivation. Motivated workers are more
likely to enjoy their work, be more productive, and have a better overall working environment.
Employees may feel unfulfilled, unhappy, and disengaged from their work if they are not driven, on
the other side
Keywords: job satisfaction, employees’ motivation, Employee’s performance
INTRODUCTION: An International Provider of IT Services and Consulting is Called Tata Consultancy
Services (TCS). Part of the Tata group, it works in 150 locations across 46 nations. A Study from July
2022 indicated that TCS employed more than 60,000 people globally. TCS is the second-largest
Indian company in terms of market value and one of the most valuable IT service brands
internationally. TCS was ranked 64th overall in 2015 Forbes list of the world's most innovative firms,
―making it one of the top IT service providers and notable Indian corporations. It ranks eleventh on
the fortune Indian 500 list for 2018. TCS became the first business to have a market value of $200
billion (about $620 per person in the US) in the US in September 2021.
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
1. To study the different factors which influence employees' motivation at TCS.
2. To study the impact of motivation on the performance of employees.
3. To study the relationship between an employee's motivation and job satisfaction level.
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
 Sample study in this work is less.
 The study is focused on only one IT industry, the findings cannot be generalized to other
industries.
 The employees were unready to discharge their accurate views on job satisfaction.
LITREATURE REVIEW
1. Nasser, Sandra (2022) The Impact of Work-life Balance on Millennial’s Performance
Mediated by Job Satisfaction
The aim of this research is to study the impact of work life balance on millennial employees'
performance with job satisfaction. millennial means a person born in 1980-2000. This study will give
a clear review of work life balance and how they affect millennial's satisfaction and performance. In
this case study the statistical software called SPSS has been used for analysis purposes. This
research gives a recommendation and support organizations by retaining their talent through
implementing successful work life balance.
2. Dimas H. Cahyo, Handrio E. Martono, Rifki Arif, Ahmad Mubarok (2022) ―Analysis of Work
Life Balance and Job Satisfaction Flight Instructor: A case study of the Indonesian Aviation
Academy Banyuwangi‖
This study aims to explore the effect of Work Life Balance (WLB) on Flight Instructor (FI) job
satisfaction. The research method uses an explanatory survey that begins with a review of the
literature related to WLB and the working context of FI. The data analysis technique used descriptive
analysis and linear regression analysis. The results of the study based on descriptive analysis
showed that the WLB and job satisfaction variables were in the good category. Based on regression
analysis, the WLB variable has a significant effect on job satisfaction with a magnitude of effect of
89.287%.
59
www.ijemr.in
3. Annisa Musthafa Heny (2021) ―The Effect of Work Motivation on Employee Productivity of
PT MNC Sky Vision KPP Padang employees‖
This study aims to prove empirically the effect of work motivation on work productivity. This study
used a sample of 66 employees of PT MNC Sky Vision KPP Padang with a proportionate stratified
random sampling technique. The data used is primary data obtained through distributing
questionnaires to selected employees. This study has two categories of variables. The first is the
independent variable, namely work motivation. The two dependent variables are work productivity.
The analytical method used is descriptive and quantitative analysis. The results of hypothesis testing
found that work motivation has a significant effect on the work productivity of the employees of PT
MNC Sky Vision KPP Padang.
Research methodology:
Type of Research: Empirical Research
Data source: Primary Data
Questionnaire method
(https://forms.gle/XwUVHzXKM6M5hwJx7)
Target employees: Employees of TCS company
Sample size: 112 sample
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:
Table 1: Gender of the respondents
Particulars Number of Percentage
employees
Male 77 68.8%
Female 35 31.3%
Total 112 100%
Table 2: Age group of employees

Particulars Number of Percentage
employees
Less than 25 31 27.7%
25-30 51 45.5%
30-35 24 21.4%
More than 35 6 5.4%
Total 112 100%
INFERENTIAL ANALYSIS
4.2.1Analysis 1:
H0: There is no Impact of motivation on performance of employees
H1: There is an Impact of motivation on performance of employees
Dependent variable: performance of employees
Independent variable: impact of motivation
60
www.ijemr.in
Interpretation: The table indicates that the p value is 0.01 less than the 5% level of significance, H0
is rejected and H1 is accepted, leading us to the conclusion that there is a relationship between
employees' motivation and performance.
4.2.2 Analysis 2:
H0: There is no significant relationship between employee‘s motivation and job satisfaction level
H1: There is a significant relationship between employee‘s motivation and job satisfaction level
Dependent variable: Job satisfaction
Independent variable: Employees motivation
Coefficients
Unstandardized Standardized
95.0% Confidence
Coefficients Coefficients Interval for B
Std. Lower Upper
Model B Error Beta t Sig. Bound Bound
1 (Constant) 7.93
1.611 .203 .000 1.208 2.013
3
I feel that
the job, do 3.43
.300 .087 .311 .001 .127 .473
gives me a 3
good status.
a. Dependent Variable: I am satisfied with the salary, I draw at present
Interpretation: we may infer from the table that there is a significant association between employees'
motivation and job satisfaction since P value=0.01 less than 0.05, H0 is rejected, and H1 is accepted
at the 5% level of significance.
Analysis 3:
H0: There is no significant difference between the impact of gender on motivation
H1: There is a significant difference between the impact of gender on motivation
Dependent variable: Motivation
Independent variable: Gender
61
www.ijemr.in
Interpretation: According to the table, the chi-square value is 0.101, the P value is 7.751, which is
more than 0.05, and at the 5% level of significance, the H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected. There is
no significant difference between the impact of gender on motivation.
FINDINGS:
 Most of the employees of TCS Company are male.
 Most of the employees of TCS Company are aged between 25-30.
 Most of the employees are qualified under post-graduation at TCS company.
 The work experience of employees at TCS company is 1-12 months.
Suggestion:
According to the analysis most of employees are motivated by increasing their salaries make sure
that the TCS company should not forget about this thing if they decrease the salary this leads to lack
of motivation among the employees then there will be downfall of the TCS. Employees are satisfied
with overall job working in TCS make sure that the company maintains this consistency for
betterment of their business in future days. Provide the meals according to the taste of the
employees in the company because most of the employees responded neutral and dissatisfied about
the meals and leaves company should give a concentration about this thing.
Conclusion:
The level of employee motivation significantly affects job satisfaction. Employees are more likely to be
involved in their work, feel a sense of purpose, and be satisfied with their jobs when they are
inspired. Additionally, more productive workers can produce better work outcomes and higher levels
of job satisfaction. In contrast, a lack of motivation can lead to a low level of job satisfaction, a
decline in engagement, and a decline in productivity. As a result, it is crucial for companies to
concentrate on motivating their staff in order to improve job satisfaction and overall performance
References:
1.Annisa Musthafa Heny (2021) ―The Effect of Work Motivation on Employee Productivity of PT MNC
Sky Vision KPP Padang employees‖
2.Ahmad Badawi Saluy , Cahyo Wibowo (2018) ―The Influence of Motivation and Competency to
Performance of Civil Servants and the Effect of Working Satisfaction in the Directorate Environment
of TNI Laws‖. (SJEBM) e-ISSN 2348-5302
3.Chandan A. Chavadi1, Monika Sirothiya and Vishwanath M R (2021) ―Mediating Role of Job
Satisfaction on Turnover Intentions and Job Mismatch Among Millennial Employees in Bengaluru
volume 10, issue 1
4.Catherine Tan Yee Wen, Rajendran Muthuveloo, Teoh Ai Ping (2018) ―Factors Influencing Job
Satisfaction: A Perspective of Millennials in Malaysia Multinational (MNC)Companies". An
International Journal Vol. 10, No. 1
62
www.ijemr.in
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MUTUAL FUNDS ON SELECTED BANKING SECTOR - AN

ANALYTICAL STUDY
Ms. Lavanya S, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Dr. Shreelatha H R, Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies,
Abstract
An investor can invest in stocks, debt or hybrid products using mutual funds as a vehicle. Asset
management companies have developed different types of funds with different levels of risk. Compared
to direct stocks, these investment solutions are much safer. Professional money managers manage
mutual funds, allocate assets and try to generate capital or income gains for the fund's investors. A
mutual fund portfolio is created and updated in accordance with the investment objectives specified in
the prospectus. Small or individual investors can access professionally managed portfolios of stocks,
bonds and other assets through mutual funds. As a result, each shareholder shares proportionately in
the profits or losses of the fund.
Key words: Mutual Fund, NAV, Asset Management Company, Portfolio Management
I. Introduction
Long-term equity investments provide much higher returns than debt-based instruments. It can be
the most practical investment option and has the potential to generate huge fortunes. In the short
term, stocks tend to show a lot of volatility, which is hard for most of us to deal with. While investing
in stocks one should do many studies and keep in touch with the market regularly. In order to buy
the best scripts, huge sums have to be spent. A way to avoid the risks of equity financing while
enjoying tremendous rewards by systematically investing in mutual funds. And the better the
financial markets are working right now, the better the experience. One of the main advantages of
investing in a mutual fund is that an expert or specialist has control over the fund. To ensure
informed funding, they often conduct extensive research at the regulatory, industry and economy
levels. If you don't have the necessary knowledge or are too busy with your work to invest in stocks
then cross budgeting offers you a tempting option. Another benefit of investing in a cross price range
is that even with smaller amounts, we can still benefit from diversification. In order for a man or
woman to have the desired versatility, a large amount of money may be required, which is no longer
possible for most of us. Due to a loss in a particular owner or quarter, diversification reduces the
overall impact on portfolio returns. Both SEBI and AMFI effectively regulate the segment of mutual
price range. Over the years, they have established rules that ensure the smooth and transparent
operation of the mutual balancing industry. As a result, cross-budget purchasing is much easier and
safer for buyers.
Objectives of the study
1. To analyse the risk and returns of mutual funds.
2. To evaluate the performance of mutual funds based on total risk.
3. To compare the performance of market return with indices.
63
www.ijemr.in
II. Review of Literature

Author and
Sl.no Summary
Journal name
In this study, the relative performance index, risk-return
analysis, Treynor's ratio, Sharp's ratio, Sharp's measure, Jensen's
Prof. Kalpesh P
measure, and Fama's measure are used to evaluate the
Prajapati, P. M.
performance of Indian mutual funds. NAVs from daily closings are
1. Journals of arts ,
the data used. Website is where the info came from of the Indian
science and
Association of Mutual Funds (AMFI)., and According to
commerce
performance measurements, the majority of mutual funds
provided positive returns between 2007 and 2011.
The mutual fund sector has experienced rapid expansion during
the past ten years. The assets under administration in this sector
currently total more than Rs 6.8 trillion, according to the most
Sahil Jain1, D. A.
recent data. More than a thousand n and the capital asset pricing
IOSR journal of
2. model were used in the analysis (CAPM). According to the analysis
business and
as a whole, HDFC and ICICI have been the top performers, UTI
management
has been averaging, and LIC has been the worst, providing
returns that were less than anticipated given the risk-return
connection
SHIVAJ, 1. S. The fastest expanding area of the Indian financial services d, from
International 2008–09 to 2012–13.As a result, the performance metrics of Beta,
Journal of Sharpe, and Treynor's Index have been used to rate funds. As a
3.
Economics, result, the best fund was determined to be the one that scored the
commerce and highest overall based on the aforementioned characteristics, and
research the same methodology was used.
In the current study, the one-day-ahead Value at Risk (VaR) of
Iranian mutual funds was measured using both the non-
parametric Monte Carlo Simulation method and the parametric
Reza Tehrani1, S. GARCH approach. The Kupiec back testing results demonstrated
M. that both techniques had a high level of accuracy, but that the
4.
International parametric approach's results were improved by Monte Carlo
business research simulation since it was based on a more complex assumption
about the return distribution function. The performance
assessment of the mutual funds was further investigated using
the adjusted Sharpe ratio and VAR
According to the study, all ten of the chosen dependence funds
are outperforming the benchmark. Return and managed by the
fund in an effective manner. There are funds ideal for all types of
Ayaluru, M.
investors, and they can select the fund based on factors such as
5. KIIT journal of
risk, returns, and other factors. This is hardly the end of the
management
research that has been done on topics linked to mutual funds.
There is room for additional research on the same subject, using
various combinations, time periods, etc.
III.Research Methodology
The study is both descriptive and analytical in nature. For the purpose the research, I would be
making a study on Performance evaluation of Mutual Funds in India and can also build the
conceptual framework on performance of schemes based on Risk-Return Relationship problem of
selection of investment alternative can be minimized. The study is on performance evaluation of
Mutual funds which involves collection of the data from the secondary sources.
64
www.ijemr.in
IV.Data Analysis and Interpretation

Table 1: comparative result of Sharpe, Treynor’s and Jensen’s measure
Mutual Standard Sharpe’s
Beta Treynor’s Index Jensen’s Index
Funds Deviation Index
SBI BlueChip -0.252718094
0.137617861 13.17676566 -24.19749212 0.078911185
Fund
Axis
BlueChip 0.088646367 13.14342451 -0.249153806 -36.94155048 -6.682967686
Fund
ICICI
Prudential
0.139993985 13.24385126 -0.249995548 -23.65032938 -3.408233444
Blue Chip
Fund
L&T India
0.478439975 9.519494463 -0.11440715 -7.43934777 -3.408233444
Value Fund
LIC MF Large
0.15274688 13.04837165 0.081922069 -23.79289694 -6.733517468
Cap Fund
Interpretation: ICICI Prudential Blue Chip Mutual Fund has a higher standard deviation
(13.24385126) compared to all the others which is considered for the study. As a result, ICICI
Prudential Blue Chip Fund has an aggressive role. Compared to other funds, L&T India Value Fund
has the lowest standard deviation (9.519494463).Sharpe scale of SBI Blue Chip FUND is higher at (-
0.252718094) when compared to other funds mentioned above. L&T India Value Fund Treynor ratio
is higher than other funds at (-7.43934777).Compared to other funds mentioned above, ICICI
Prudential Blue Chip and , L&T India Value Fund Jensen Scale of is higher at(-3.408233444).
V. Conclusion:
In the last Five years, the mutual business in India saw a full metamorphosis, displaying growth and
potential through assets managed. Although there are now a lot more programmes, they still need to
succeed in the retail sector.is destined to become a common item. Furthermore, the infrastructure
and knowledge required for mutual funds are still lacking in many rural and prospective areas. The
next step after establishing the plan is deciding how to invest. Direct plans and regular plans are the
two mutual fund investment alternatives. Direct plans have larger returns because AMC does not
charge distributor charges. Regular plans, on the other hand, are those where AMC charges the
distributor costs, resulting in a smaller return.
References:
1. Prof. Kalpesh P Prajapati, P. M. (2012). Comparative study on performance evaluation of mutual
funds schemes of Indian companies. Journals of art‘s, science and commerce, 3(3(3)), 13.
2. Sahil Jain1, D. A. (2012). Analysis of equity based mutual funds in India. IOSR journal of
business and management, 2(1), 56.
3. SHIVAJ, 1. S. (2013). A study on performance measurement and evaluation with special reference
to technology funds. International Journal of Economics, commerce and research, 3(5), 12.
4. Reza Tehrani1, S. M. (2014). Value at risk as a tool for mutual funds‘ performance evaluation.
International business research, 7, 6.
5. Ayaluru, M. (2016). Performance Analysis of mutual funds: selected reliance mutual fund
schemes. KIIT journal of management, 12(1), 11.
65
www.ijemr.in
WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON FIRM’S PERFORMANCE OF

SELECTED CEMENT COMPANIES - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Mr. Manoj Gowda L, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies,
Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru – 560098
Dr.Shreelatha H R, Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies,
Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru – 560098
ABSTRACT
Working capital management refers to the efficient management of a company's short-term assets and
liabilities, including cash, inventory, accounts receivable, and accounts payable. Effective working
capital management is critical to the success of any company, as it enables them to maintain sufficient
cash flow to meet their short-term financial obligations and to invest in growth opportunities.A
comparative analysis of the working capital management of selected cement companies can provide
valuable insights into the impact of these practices on a firm's performance.Effective working capital
management is particularly important because these companies require significant capital investments
to produce and sell their products. In addition, the cement industry is highly competitive, with
companies facing significant pressure to reduce costs and increase profitability.The selected five
cement companies use different strategies based on their working capital management and on their
working mechanism.
Keywords: Working capital, Management, Cement companies.
I. INTRODUCTION
Working capital management is the process of ensuring that a company‘s current assets and
liabilities are utilized to their maximum capacity in order to run efficiently. The primary goal of
working capital management is to monitor a company‘s assets and commitments in order to
maintain sufficient cash flow and achieve short- term business objective. Profitability is determined
by income and costs. Income is money earned through company operations. Cost is meaning spend
to set up the business.With more than 7% of the world‘s installed capacity, India ranks second in the
world for cement production. The cement industry is the industry where there is more competition
between the each company in the industry. The selected five cement companies use different
strategies based on their working capital management and on their working mechanism.The Indian
cement manufacturers are world greenest cement manufacturers.
Statement of Problem: Working capital is critical for income generation. It is a driving factor behind
revenue development and the preservation of solid financial performance. As a result, it is past time
to address the subject of analysing the influence of working capital management on corporate
profitability in the Indian cement sector. The research is based on ―working capital management and
its impact on firm‘s performance of selected cement companies.‖
Objective of study:
1. To analyze the changes in working capital of the selected cement companies.
2. To compare the changes in working capital management of selected cement companies.
66
www.ijemr.in

SLNO. Author and Journal Name Summary
The current study investigates the link between a firm's
Dr. Siva shanmugam C. working capital management practises and its
"Working Capital profitability. The current study's aims are to first
Management and Corporate examine the link between effective working capital
1.
Profitability: Empirical management and profitability of Indian cement
Evidences from Indian businesses over the study period. The current study
Cement Companies. looks on the relationship between a company's working
capital management practises and its profitability.
The goal of this study is to look at how well the firm
Kumar, D. B.
manages its working capital in order to help the weaker
―Working Capital
parts of the business. It also adds to the available
2. Management in cement
literature by looking into the impact of WCM on
industry‖.
profitability in the context of a developing capital
market like India
The goal of this research is to investigate the influence
Mondal of working capital management on corporate
―Impact of working capital profitability of selected cement businesses from 2009-
3. management on profitability 10 to 2018-19. The study's findings show that there is
of Indian cement industry : no obvious association between the selected cement
a evidence by BSE‖ businesses' Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) and
Current Ratio (CR).
The research evaluated the effects of working capital
Rahaman management (WCM) on the profitability of listed cement
―Impact of working Capital and tannery firms in Bangladesh. The research has
4. Management on profitability policy significance since developing corporate policies
a comparative study on and strategies to improve short-term asset and liability
cement industry‖ turnover would eventually increase the profitability of
enterprises in both industries.
Working capital management research examines the
efficiency and its components, which include inventory
Suryavanshi N
amounts, cash and bank balances, and different
―A study on working
current obligations. Working capital management is a
5. management and
critical component of the entire company strategy for
profitability of cement
increasing shareholder value. Working capital decisions
industry in India‖.
entail managing the link between a company's short-
term assets and obligations.
III. DATA AND METHODLOGY

The descriptive research approach was employed to perform the investigation. This research design
may use a variety of research approaches to investigate one or more variables. This research
approach assists us to study about the different sorts of working capital and its profitability of the
selected cement businesses in India. The Secondary data is being used for the investigation. The
information is taken from the money control website the data of five cement companies throughout a
five-year period (2017- 2022). The instruments used to analyze the data are working capital ratios.
Testing of Hypothesis:
H01: There is no significant change in working capital ratios of selected cement companies over a
period of 5 years.
67
www.ijemr.in

Table No 1.1 Working capital Ratios of Birla Company
for the year 2018-2022
Particulars 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
ROA 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.03
AR 15.2 15.91 13.96 16.34 17.09
INV -0.07 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.16
AP 57.3 24.4 22.1 16.1 18
CCC 72.4 40.3 36.11 32.43 35.25
CR 0.56 0.62 0.67 0.63 0.63
From the table it could be analysed that ROA, INV and CR is increasing annually. ROA has shown a
small decrease for the year 2022 where as INV has increase drastically for the same year. CR has
maintained the same value for the years 2021 and 2022. CCC values has shown more fluctuations
over the period of 5 years. The analysis also shows that AR has reduced in the year 2020 and for the
rest of the years value has increased. But the performance of AP is unsatisfactory as there is
continuous decline in the value over a period of five years.
Table No 1.2 Working Capital Ratios of JK Company
Particulars 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
ROA 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.11 0.09
AR 14.6 15 15.1 18.5 19.3
INV -0.03 -0.05 0 -0.29 0.55
AP 63.05 18.91 7.6 8.28 4.97
CCC -48.51 -3.96 7.51 9.94 14.86
CR 1.32 1.32 1.31 1.72 1.37
The ROA is increased in 4 years and decreased in last year compared from year to year. The AR has
increased for all 5 years compared from year to year. The INV for the first 4 years is not favorable. As
the value is either negative or zero. But it has picked up the pace during the 5 th year. It is observed
from the table that AP is having the highest value only in the year 2018, but for the rest of the year it
has reduced. The CCC for the first 2 years is not good but later it has picked up the momentum.
Little fluctuation could be found in CR. Though the values for the first two years is same, for the rest
of the years there is a bit increase.
Table No 1.3 working Capital Ratios of Indian
Cement Company for the year 2018-2022
Particulars 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
ROA 0.01 0.01 -0.01 0.03 0
AR 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2
INV -0.13 0 0.2 -0.26 0.07
AP 6.79 12.65 12.78 10.54 12.63
CCC -6.8 -12.52 -12.43 -10.68 -12.35
CR 0.93 0.88 0.77 0.65 0.89
It could be observed from the table above that various ratios of working capital has shown the
fluctuations. ROA, INV and CCC has got the negative values. Which shows the management of
working capital is not smooth over a period of five years. AP is showing a constant increase in its
value over a period of five years.
68
www.ijemr.in
Table No 1.4 working Capital Ratios of Ramco for the

year 2018-2022
Particulars 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
ROA 0.73 0.61 0.62 0.83 0.53
AR 6.99 6.65 5.34 6.22 6.76
INV -1.19 -1.23 -1.06 -1.17 0.55
AP 1.17 - - - -
CCC 4.63 5.42 4.28 5.05 7.31
CR 1.29 1.35 1.18 1.35 1.35
Ramco compnay‘s performance through working capital is good except INV because it has got the
negative value. In order to find the value of AP the corresponding values is not furnisned in the
company‘s balance sheet. Though ups and downs are found in the ratios over a period of 5 years the
previous year has shown the improvement in the ration and thus shows that the company‘s
performance is improving.
Table No 1.5 working Capital Ratios of Ultra Tech
Particulars 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
ROA 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.1 0.1
AR 20.7 21.9 16.9 19.6 19.9
INV -0.16 0 -0.04 -0.16 0.41
AP 2.88 1.88 1.44 2.26 2.17
CCC 17.64 20.02 15.37 17.13 18.1
CR 0.95 0.87 1.03 1.17 0.99
The ROA has reduced from the first year till the last year. The observations of AR and AP shows the
reduction in the value for the year 2022 when compared to 2018. But in between the variation in the
values could be found. INV‘s performance is not encouraging as it has negative values for all the
years except the last year. More fluctuation is found in CCC and CR.
It could be summarized from the interpretations of all the 5 companies‘ working capital ratios over a
period of 5 years that the stated null hypothesis does not hold. As the changes are seen for all the
selected companies.
H02: The changes in working capital management among the selected companies over a
period of 5 years is same.
Table No 2.1 Ratios for the year 2018
Particulars Birla JK Indian Ramco UT
ROA 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.73 0.06
AR 15.2 14.6 0.1 6.99 20.7
INV -0.07 -0.03 -0.13 -1.19 -0.16
AP 57.3 63.05 6.79 1.17 2.88
CCC 72.4 -48.51 -6.8 4.63 17.64
CR 0.56 1.32 0.93 1.29 0.95
The comparison of ROA among the selected companies shows that except Ramco the rest of the
company‘s ratio is very less. Indian Cement Company has got lease of AR followed by Ramco. The
rest of the company has got the double digit ratio. Similarity is found in the INV for the selected
companies as all of those have the negative value. AP of Birla and JK is in the same range and the
rest of the companies have the similar values.
69
www.ijemr.in
CCC of JK and Indian Cement have the negative values. Among the rest of the companies Birla has
got the highest value followed by Ultra tech and Ramco. CR for J K is highest followed by Ramco and
Ultra Tech. the least CR is there for Birla company.
Ultra
Particulars Birla JK Indian Ramco
Tech
ROA 0.02 0.07 0.01 0.61 0.05
AR 15.91 15 0.1 6.65 21.9
INV 0.01 -0.05 0 -1.23 0
AP 24.4 18.91 12.65 - 1.88
CCC 40.3 -3.96 -12.52 5.42 20.02
CR 0.62 1.32 0.88 1.35 0.87
The overall ratios performance for Birla is good as it does not have any negative values for the ratios
which is computed for the period. The rest of the companies do have lesser values and also the
negative values. Therefore it is summarized that during the period of 2019 though COVID was there
Birla cement was able to cope up with the situation.

Ultra
Particulars Birla JK Indian Ramco
Tech
ROA 0.05 0.08 -0.01 0.62 0.07
AR 13.96 15.1 0.1 5.34 16.9
INV 0.01 0 0.2 -1.06 -0.04
AP 22.1 7.6 12.78 - 1.44
CCC 36.11 7.51 -12.43 4.28 15.37
CR 0.67 1.31 0.77 1.18 1.03
During 2020 that is post COVID year the companies has started to recover. Therefore it could be
observed that the selected 5 companies‘ performance in case of working capital are not similar
though they are operating in the same industry.
ROA 0.05 0.11 0.03 0.83 0.1
AR 16.34 18.5 0.1 6.22 19.6
INV 0.02 -0.29 -0.26 -1.17 -0.16
AP 16.1 8.28 10.54 - 2.26
CCC 32.43 9.94 -10.68 5.05 17.13
CR 0.63 1.72 0.65 1.35 1.17
The observation of the comparative table shows that for majority of the ratios Birla Cement Company
will get the 1st rank and Indian Cement gets the last rank. Ultra Tech is not in the 1 st position for
many of the ratios except AR. This deviation in ratios for the selected cement companies clarifies that
the null hypothesis gets rejected.
ROA 0.03 0.09 0 0.53 0.1
AR 17.09 19.3 0.2 6.76 19.9
INV 0.16 0.55 0.07 0.55 0.41
AP 18 4.97 12.63 - 2.17
CCC 35.25 14.86 -12.35 7.31 18.1
CR 0.63 1.37 0.89 1.35 0.99
70
www.ijemr.in
Comparative analysis of working capital ratios for selected companies for the current previous year
shows the variation. In case of CR, the similarity is found for JK and Ramco. Similarity is also found
between JK and Ramco for INV ratio. If AR is considered JK and Ultra Tech has got the similar value.
Other than these ratios the rest of the ratios has shown variations in the values.
It could be summarized from the interpretations of all the 5 companies‘ working capital ratios over a
period of 5 years that the stated null hypothesis does not hold. As the changes are seen for all the
selected companies.
V. CONCLUSION
The study gives the brief explanation about the working capital of the five selected cement
companies. The intention of the study is to do comparative analysis between the selected companies
profitability and working capital management. The tools used are various types of ratios such as
ROA, AR, INV, AP, CCC, CR. Each ratios gives the specific knowledge about the participation in
running the company effectively and efficiently. The comparative analysis helps to compare five
different companies in the cement industry and it also gives brief idea about the utilization of the
working capital in the each and every companies. The findings gives idea about the good working
company based on its ratios calculations.
REFERENCE
Dr. Sivashanmugam C. (2016). "Working Capital Management and Corporate Profitability: Empirical
Evidences from Indian Cement Companies. Vii
Kumar, (2016). Working Capital Management in cement industry. ii
Mondal, (2020). Impact of working capital management on profitability of Indian cement industry: a
evidence by BSE. 9 (Vi).
Rahaman, S. K., & Ahmed, S. (2021). Impact of working capital management on profitability. 8(II).
Gondal, (2013). Impact of working capital management on profitability a case of the Pakistan
cement industry. V.
71
www.ijemr.in
A STUDY ON IMPACT OF FIIs ON INDIAN STOCK MARKET

Mr. Nikhil M R, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies,
Dr. Shreelatha H R, Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
ABSTRACT
This study provides evidence that Foreign Institutional Investors impact negatively for the growth of
Indian stock market. The increase in the investment by FIIs will lead to decrease in the points of NIFTY
50 and SENSEX for the period of 2013 – 2022. The study shows that the investment made by FIIs are
very volatile in nature. The growth trend analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis
methods were used to know how the FIIs impact on Indian stock market. The empirical research
methodology was used for study, the Independent variable is Foreign Institutional Investors and
Dependent variables are NIFTY50 and SENSEX.
Keywords: Foreign Institutional Investors, NIFTY50, SENSEX, Volatility, Indian stock market.
I. INTRODUCTION
Foreign Institutional Investors are an institution, individual or group entity attempt to invest in a
financial market outside of their formal home country. An FII is often an investor, investment fund,
or asset that makes investments outside of its place of residence or registration. FIIs have an
important role on the total amount of money entering an economy. In September 1992, FII‘s were
given the opportunity to invest in all the listed securities that are traded on the Indian stock market.
FII investments in India rely on the state of the market. Foreign institutions make short-term
investments in the financial markets of other nations. It comprises institutional portfolio managers,
university funds, endowments, and offshore pension funds. It has been one of the main drivers of the
Indian financial market as it grows and thrives, but at the same time, significant withdrawals would
have a negative impact on share prices and the value of the rupee.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
India attracts a large sum of Foreign Institutional Investments every year. These Foreign Investments
have a remarkable impact on Indian economy. The relationship of foreign exchange and Foreign
Institutional Investments with stock market is important because international reserves
accumulation has been the preferred policy recently adopted by developing economies to achieve
financial stability. Indian Stock Market, which being among one of the indicators of economies status,
is also affected by the foreign investments made. This portfolio flows by FIIs bring with them a great
advantage as they are engines of growth while lowering the cost of capital in the emerging market.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1. To examine the relationship of Foreign Institutional Investors on Indian Stock Market.
2. To know the change in NIFTY and SENSEX points by Foreign Institutional Investments.
Ⅱ. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Paramita Mukherjee, Sweta Tiwari (2022). This study investigates if prominent investor group foreign
institutional investors (FIIs) use these tactics in India. The research attempts to determine if FIIs are
engaging in PFT and herding, two common trading behaviors seen in both developed markets and
the majority of developing markets.
Chitraben Rajnikant Sheth, Dr. Sejal Christian (2021). This paper's primary goal is to demonstrate
the significant contributions and portion of FII investment in the current situation. This research
project's goal is to examine the nature and trends of FII investment in the Indian capital market.
Upadhyaya, Dr. Tanka Prasad (2020). This article attempts to analyze how FIIs' evolving position in
Indian capital markets has changed as a result of their growing market dominance. The study's goals
include learning about the increasing role of FIIs in the Indian capital market, comprehending FIIS
rules in India, and examining FII flows in the Indian stock market.
72
www.ijemr.in
Mr. Omer Fareed Mohammed, Dr. S C Behl (2020). According to this article, FIIs have a growing
influence over the performance of the Sensex and the Indian stocks market. As a result, we may infer
that foreign investment in the Indian securities market is vital to the country's economic growth and
development.
Meenakshi Sharma, Anil Kumar Mittal (2020). The causal relationship between foreign portfolio
investments and Indian Stock Market NSE index Nifty Return is examined in the current article. It is
determined that there was unidirectional causation during the research period for various foreign
portfolio investment variables, including FPIN, FPIP, and FPIS Ratio.
Prof. (Dr.) Anil Vashisht, Mr. Naresh Kedia (2020). The purpose of this study is to determine how FIIs
have affected the Bombay Stock Exchange (Sensex). The Augmented Dickey Fuller test and the
GARCH model were employed in the study to examine the stationarity of the time series and the effect
of FIIs on the volatility of the BSE-Sensex, respectively. The volatility data from the prior period has
no effect on the volatility of the Sensex.
Sadashiva Sai Siddartha Goud, Sohail Baba (2019). The study's goals are to determine if FIIs have
an influence on the securities market, determine whether they have an impact on the UN agency or
the securities market. This article offers a preliminary examination of FII inflows to Asian nations and
their effects on stock prices on the Indian stock market.
Mr. R. Kanagaraj, Dr. B. Kirubashini (2019). This study examines the influence that foreign
institutional investors have on the Indian stock market. In India, FIIs and SENSEX movements are
fairly tightly correlated, and FIIs have a major impact on market mood and price patterns. As FII
trading accounts for an increasing percentage of stock market turnover, FIIs are becoming more
significant on the margin.
Krishna Prasanna, Bharat Bansal (2014). This paper intends to analyses how foreign institutional
investments affect the liquidity of the Indian stock market. Institutional investments from outside
helped the Indian stock market to flourish. The market capitalization, volume, and value traded in the
Indian market all benefited significantly from FII inflows.
Bashir Ahmad Joo, Zahoor Ahmad Mir (2014). The current study makes a modest effort to
comprehend FII investment and its influence on stock market volatility in order to establish the
relationship between the two.
Ⅲ. DATA AND METHODOLOGY
The descriptive research method is used because it enables the description of how variation in the
independent variable affect the change in the dependent variable. The study period is for 10 years
commencing from 2013 and ending on 2022. The data used for analysis is the secondary source. To
analyze the data and to test the hypothesis the statistical tool such as regression, correlation is
used. Growth trend analysis also forms part of the analytical tool used for the present study.
Hypothesis of the study:
H0: There is no significant impact of foreign institutional investors on Indian stock market.
H1: There is a significant impact of foreign institutional investors on Indian stock market
Ⅳ. DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
Table 1: Growth Trend of FIIs for the period 2013 – 2022
NET PURCHASES/SALES
YEAR GROWTH RATE
2013 112381.6
2014 98177.9 -12.63881276
2015 -1,10,130.10 -212.1740229
2016 28173.36 -125.5818891
2017 166589.25 491.3006116
2018 88174.92 -47.07046223
2019 -25000.76 -128.3535953
2020 49880.89 -299.5174947
2021 15102.5 -69.72287383
2022 13055.57 -13.55358384
TOTAL 4,36,405.13 -417.312123
73
www.ijemr.in
Interpretation:
It is shown that foreign investors withdraw investments in the year 2015 and 2019 there is decline in
the Growth rate except 2017 because investors sold their shares rather than investment. Even
though Net purchase/Sales of foreign institutional investment are increasing growth rate is
decreasing compared to previous years.
CORRELATION ANALYSIS
Table 2: Correlation analysis of FII on NIFTY
NIFTY FII
NIFTY 1
FII -0.10253 1
Interpretation:
In the above table we found that FII has a low degree negative correlation on NIFTY which is -
0.10253. The negative value of correlation shows that when there is a decrease in FII, s the NIFTY
will increase.
Table 3: Correlation analysis of FII on SENSEX
SENSEX FII
SENSEX 1
FII -0.095709 1
Interpretation
In the above table FII has low degree negative correlation on SENSEX of -0.095709. The negative
value of correlation shows that when there is a decrease in FII, s the SENSEX will increase.
Table 4: Regression Analysis of FIIs on NIFTY and SENSEX
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.099119342
R Square 0.009836269
Adjusted R Square 0.001445056
Standard Error 7812.300185
Observations 120
ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 1 87420680.45 87420680.45 79195748.4 0.2817678
Residual 118 9345098312 79195748.4
Total 119 9432518993
Standard Lower Upper

Coefficients Error t Stat P-value 95% 95%
Intercept 23149.62 727.3993 32.01381 8.8E-60 21709.17 24590.1
FII -0.0418 0.039379 -1.08206 0.28177 -0.1198 0.03618
Interpretation:
The R-Square value in the table above is 0.0098, which means that FII explains 0.98% of the
volatility in NIFTY and SENSEX. This indicates that FII is affecting NIFTY and SENSEX by 0.98%.
For every unit movement in the FII, NIFTY and SENSEX are negatively impacted by 4.18%. If the FII
rises by 1 unit, the NIFTY and SENSEX will decrease by 4.18%. If FII falls by 1 unit, NIFTY will
increase by 4.18%. Since the p value is 0.28177 more than 0.05 accept H0 There is no significant
impact of foreign institutional investors on Indian stock market (NIFTY and SENSEX).
Findings:
 It was observed that FIIs are not a major factor in the economic performance of an emerging
market.
74
www.ijemr.in
 The total growth rate is in negative for the last 10 year from 2013 to 2022 but from last2 years it
can be seen that the growth rate of FII is increasing.
 There is an increase in NIFTY and SENSEX from last 10 years but there is only 1.05% and 0.9%
contribution by FII‘s for the increase of SENSEX and NIFTY respectively for the period of 2013 to
2022.
 NIFTY and SENSEX both has low degree negative correlation on FII‘s.
 There is no strong relationship between the FII and NIFTY and SENSEX.
 The Foreign Institutional Investors perform poor in Indian Stock Market their investment in the
market is very volatile.
 The study says that when there is an increase in foreign institutional investment the NIFTY and
SENSEX will starts falling.
 From the trend analysis it can be said that according to the country‘s economy and according to
the trend FII‘s make investment in a particular country.
Conclusion:
We found that there is a low degree negative relation between FII, NIFTY and SENSEX. Influence on
the variables is also less which is 0.98%. Average growth of FII in India‘s stock market is in negative
that we can see in growth trend analysis where the growth rate has felled down between the years
2013-2022. When Foreign Institutional Investor‘s saws an increase in the market then only they
purchase stocks from India and if the market is decreasing, they will make sales of those stocks. Also,
they are one of the factors for the movement of the stock market and it can be concluded that foreign
institutional investors impact the Indian stocks market. For the period of 2013 to 2022 FII‘s
negatively impacted on the stock market.
Reference:
Paramita Mukherjee, S. T., 2022. Trading Behaviour of Foreign Institutional Investors: Evidence from
Indian Stock Markets. Asia-Pacifc Financial Markets.
Chitraben Rajnikant Sheth, D. S. C., 2021. Impact of Foreign Institutional Investors on Indian Stock
Market. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF), 12(2).
Upadhyaya, D. T. P., 2022. A Study on Changing Role of Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) in
Indian Capital Market. Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(7).
Mr. Omer Fareed Mohammed, D. S. C. B., 2020. STUDY ON IMPACT OF FOREIGN INSTITUTIONAL
INVESTMENT ON INDIAN STOCK MARKETIN REFERENCE TO NIFTY AND SENSEX. The Genesis,
7(1).
Meenakshi Sharma, A. K. M., 2020. Role of Foreign Portfolio Investment in Dynamism of Indian
Capital Market: A Causality Study. RIJBR.
Prof. (Dr.) Anil Vashisht, M. N. K., 2020. An Empirical Study on the Impact of the Foreign
Institutional Investments (FIIs) on the Volatility of Bombay Stock Exchange (Sensex). European
Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine.
SADASHIVA SAI SIDDARTHA GOUD, S. B., 2019. THE ROLE OF FOREIGN INSTITUTIONAL
INVESTORS IN INDIAN MARKETS WITH REFERENCE TO KESORAM. INFOKARA RESEARCH, 8(9).
Mr. R. Kanagaraj, D. B. K., 2019. A STUDY ON FOREIGN INSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENTS IN INDIAN
STOCK MARKET. INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, 09(07).
Krishna Prasanna, B. B., 2014. Foreign Institutional Investments and Liquidity of Stock Markets:
Evidence from India. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(6).
Bashir Ahmad Joo, Z. A. M., 2014. Impact of FIIs Investment on Volatility of Indian Stock Market: An
Empirical. Journal of Business & Economic Policy, 01(02).
75
www.ijemr.in
A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF RUSSIAN & UKRAINE WAR ON RETURNS OF INDIAN BANKING
STOCKS
Mr. Pavan Kalyan G, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Dr. Shreelatha H R, Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of Technology,
ABSTRACT
The Russian-Ukrainian war has affected the Indian banking sector through various channels, including
investment, trade, and capital flows. Although India has limited trade with Ukraine and Russia, the
uncertainty created by the conflict has led to a decrease in foreign investment, negatively impacting
banks that rely heavily on foreign investment and capital flows. The sanctions imposed on Russia have
resulted in a decrease in the inflow of Russian capital into India, further impacting Indian banks.
Overall, the impact on the Indian banking sector has been negative, but the extent of the impact varies
between banks. To mitigate the impact of future conflicts, Indian banks should reduce their
dependence on foreign investment and capital flows by diversifying their sources of funding.
Key words: Russian-Ukrainian war, Indian banking sector, investment, sanctions, negative impact.
JEL codes: F21, F34, G01, G21, G32
I. INTRODUCTION
Banking is a crucial component of any economy, including India's, which experienced a crisis in
2008 resulting in bankruptcy. India attempted to address this problem by altering the banking
sector and continues to invest in other international banks to pursue monetary development.
However, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine had a negative impact on Indian banking stocks,
which is difficult to predict accurately. The impact would depend on various factors, including
economic ties between India and the warring countries, global economic conditions, and investor
sentiment. The conflict caused panic selling and anxiety among buyers, leading to a decline in stock
prices, trading volumes, and other market indicators. As a result, investors lost over 1,000 crores in
the Indian market, and the rupee's exchange rate depreciated significantly. Inflation and global
tightening of financial coverage due to inflation also affected the GDP negatively. The Securities
Exchanges Document offered exceptional banking and financial support to the financial sector, but
stock market returns were negatively impacted by the war, leading to fluctuations in inflation rates,
which further impacted the banking sector. Overall, the conflict had far-reaching implications for
society, the economy, and politics.
Sl No Particulars
1 (Rajesh Tiwari, Ravi Shekhar Tiwari, Sandeep Kumar 2022) in their publication ―Impact of
Russia Ukraine War on Returns of Banking Stocks in India‖ they have stated that how the
war between Russia and Ukraine impacted the performance of banking stocks and how the
banking industry, policymakers, and investors will all benefit from banking returns and
stocks. Their primary They have used the t test and the paired t-test to explain how the
stocks war flatulated, showing how that performance increased or decreased prior to the war
and after it. The primary objective of the study is to investigate how the war impacted the
performance of the banking system. The study found that the conflict between Russia and
Ukraine had a significant negative effect on the Nifty 50, the benchmark for the stock
market, for the first 75 trading days. The benchmark of the financial exchange addresses the
economy's general effect.
2 (Rajesh Tiwari1, Praveen Singh, Himanshu Kargeti, Khem Chand 2022) In their publication,
―Impact of Russia Ukraine war on exchange rate in India‖ they have argued that how was the
Indian rupee affected by war. The country's capacity to safeguard its currency and means of
subsistence was limited by its import dependence on essentials like food, energy, and
protective equipment. India must capitalize on its demographic advantage to strengthen its
currency and ensure self-sufficiency in energy, ammunition, and food. The study is to
investigate how the war affected the Indian economy and exchange rates. They used an Excel
tool to display the fluctuations and exchange rates and explain how they changed over time
and how they responded during the war. The study found that the war between Russia and
Ukraine has hurt the value of the Indian rupee.
76
www.ijemr.in
3 (Aashish Tank Seth, RL Sharia 2022) In their publication ―Economic Impact of Russia –
Ukraine War‖ They have argued that trade disruptions and the decline in Russia's GDP are
contributing factors. Overall, we anticipate that actions taken against Russia may slow the
rate of long-term potential growth of foreign direct investment, causing capital outflows.
Their primary objective is to determine what the conflict meant for Russia's economy and
how it affected interest and supply, so they used secondary data to clearly explain how the
economy had changed and weakened. that study found that how India's weakness in the
face of Chinese power might be reflected in the fact that sanctions against Russia could
delay transactions and prevent future deals from closing the investments
4 (Ming Deng Markus, Leippold Alexander F. Wagner Qian Wang 2022) In their publication
―Stock Prices and the Russia-Ukraine War: Sanctions, Energy and ESG‖ They have stated,
how were the effects of stock prices on transition risk particularly strong in the United
States? In Europe, the effects of stock prices on transition risk were less pronounced or even
negative. They have used the Jamovi tool to explain by flex plot package to clearly explain
the how the stock prices have been flattened. This may be because market participants
anticipate stronger policy responses supporting renewable energy sources in light of
Europe's pronounced dependence on Russian oil and gas, stocks with opportunities in the
low-carbon transition. The primary aim is to study about the to investigate how does the
war's impacted on the supply and demand of oil, gas, and energy sources.
5 (Jonathan Federle, Andre Meier, Gernot J. Muller, and Victor Sehn 2022) In their publication
―Proximity to War: The stock market response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine‖ how the
outbreak of a war puts businesses and nations in its vicinity at risk of military escalation.
Stock markets fall as a result of an increase in the likelihood of disaster. On the side of this
speculative theory, we observe a "nearness punishment" in the securities exchange's
response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The aim to Investigate the war's impact on
military escalation and the new policies adopted by stock markets, exchange rates, and how
they like to overcome that. where we notice a significant rise in option-implied tail risk
premia for Ukraine-adjacent nations. We demonstrate that defines stocks command a
significant proximity premium in nations close to Ukraine, which provides an instructive
counterpoint to our overall findings.

Objective:
1. To explore the effect of Russia-Ukraine conflict on India's banking sector.
2. To examine the effects of war between Russia and Ukraine on the stability and viability of the
Indian banking performance.
3. To analyse the impact of Ukraine and Russia war on performance of banking stocks in India
Hypothesis:
• H0: There is no significant difference in the performance of Indian banking stock pre and post
Russia Ukraine war
• H1: There is a significant difference in the performance of Indian banking stock pre and post
Russia Ukraine war
Research design
―In this study, quantitative methods were used with an empirical research design. The Nifty 50 and
Nifty Bank stock indices were the ones that were taken into consideration for the analysis. The study
looked at closing values 122 trading days before and 122 trading days after the Russia-Ukraine War
started‖. These stock indices are used to determine stock market fluctuations.
77
www.ijemr.in

Table 1: Showing paired T-test of stock prices of NIFTY 50
t-Test: Paired Two Sample for nifty 50 before nifty 50 after
Means prices Prices
Mean 17580.61107 16665.15984
Variance 165290.1999 490238.7336
Observations 122 122
Pearson Correlation 0.200641862
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
t Stat 13.7434703
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.00
t Critical two-tail 1.979763763
Source: https://in.investing.com/indices/s-p-cnx-nifty-historical-data
Inference (nifty 50)
P(t<=t) two tail value is 0.00 which is less than 0.05, it means that the result is statistically
significant and reject the null hypothesis (H0). In this case, hypothesis is that there is a significant
difference in the performance of Indian banking stock prior and after the Russia and Ukraine war
Table 2: Showing paired T-test of stock prices of NIFTY BANK
T-Test: Paired Two Sample for Nifty bank before Nifty bank after
Means Price Prices
Mean 37644.79959 35626.67951
Variance 1895930.533 2952476.723
Observations 122 122
Pearson Correlation 0.447829987
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
t Stat 13.49271093
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.00
t Critical two-tail 1.979763763
Source: https://in.investing.com/indices/bank-nifty-historical-data
Inference
P(t<=t) two tail value is 0.00 which is less than 0.05, it means that the result is statistically
significant and reject the null hypothesis (H0). In this case, hypothesis is that there is a significant
difference in the performance of Indian banking stock prior and after the Russia and Ukraine war
Table 3: Showing Descriptive statistics on NIFTY 50 stock prices
Nifty 50 before prices Nifty 50 after Prices
Mean 17580.61107 Mean 16665.15984
Standard Error 36.80812009 Standard Error 63.39045887
Median 17541.45 Median 16605.6
Mode 17213.6 Mode #N/A
Standard Deviation 406.5589747 Standard Deviation 700.1705033
Sample Variance 165290.1999 Sample Variance 490238.7336
Kurtosis -0.762667774 Kurtosis -1.023419648
Skewness 0.125122289 Skewness 0.090480947
Inference
The mean for "Nifty 50 before prices" is 17580.61, and the mean for "Nifty 50 after prices" is
16665.159, meaning that the average price of the Nifty 50 stock index dropped by about 915 points
after the breakout. Additionally, "Nifty 50 after prices" standard deviation is 700.17, which is higher
than the "Nifty 50 before prices" standard deviation of 406.55. which indicate more volatility in the
prices after the break out and skewness values shows that data was normally distributed in both
datasets
78
www.ijemr.in
Table 4: Showing Descriptive statistics on NIFTY BANK's stock prices

Nifty bank before Price Nifty bank after Prices
Mean 37644.79959 Mean 35626.68
Standard Error 124.6611977 Standard Error 155.5655
Median 37692.65 Median 35478.53
Mode #N/A Mode #N/A
Standard Deviation 1376.927933 Standard Deviation 1718.277
Sample Variance 1895930.533 Sample Variance 2952477
Kurtosis 0.118549443 Kurtosis -0.60434
Skewness 0.045999559 Skewness 0.322046
Inference
The mean for "Nifty 50 before prices" is 37644.79, and the mean for "Nifty 50 after prices" is
35626.68, meaning that the average price of the Nifty 50 stock index dropped by about 200 points
after the breakout. Additionally, ―Nifty 50 after prices" standard deviation is 1718.27, which is higher
than the "Nifty 50 before prices" standard deviation of 1376.92. which indicate more volatility in the
prices after the break out and skewness values shows that data was normally distributed in both
datasets.
V. CONCLUSION
The conflict between Russia and Ukraine had a negative impact on the Indian banking industry, with
significant falls in stock prices in the Nifty 50 and Nifty bank indices. Investors should conduct their
own research and consider potential risks before making investment decisions due to increased
market volatility and investment risk. The study's findings suggest that the conflict had a greater
impact on the return of Indian banking compared to other industries, highlighting the need for
investors to be aware of the potential effects of global conflicts and events on the banking sector and
stock market. Further research is required to understand the conflict's long-term effects and effective
methods for reducing risk and improving investment outcomes. The study's overall findings can
benefit investors, policymakers, and stakeholders in the Indian banking sector in developing
strategies for reducing risk and enhancing investment outcomes.
REFERENCES
1. Rajesh Tiwari, Ravi Shekhar Tiwari, Sandeep Kumar (2022) Impact of Russia Ukraine War on
Returns of Banking Stocks in India 21(11) ISSN: 0044-0477
2. Rajesh Tiwari1, Praveen Singh, Himanshu Kargeti, Khem Chand (2022) Impact of Russia Ukraine
war on exchange rate in India 21(10)
3. Aashish Tank Seth, RL Sharia (2022) Economic Impact of Russia –Ukraine War 11(4)
4. Ming Deng Markus, Leippold Alexander F. Wagner Qian Wang (2022) Stock Prices and the Russia-
Ukraine War: Sanctions, Energy and ESG
5. Jonathan Federle, Andre Meier, Gernot J. Muller, and Victor Sehn (2022) Proximity to War: The
stock market response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine
79
www.ijemr.in
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON DIVERSIFIED LARGE CAPITAL MUTUAL FUNDS SCHEMES AND IT’S
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
Ms. Likitha shree. S, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Dr. Sriyank Levi, Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Abstract:
The performance evaluation of mutual fund schemes is an important topic of interest for both individual
investors and institutional investors. This abstract presents an overview of a study that evaluates the
performance of mutual fund schemes in the Indian market. The study employs the Sharpe Ratio and
the Treynor Ratio to measure the risk-adjusted returns of the mutual fund schemes. The dataset is
Secondary data of mutual fund schemes for the period from 2017 to 2022. The study finds that the
majority of mutual fund schemes underperformed the market benchmark, but a few schemes
outperformed the benchmark. The study also finds that small-cap and mid-cap mutual fund schemes
outperformed large-cap schemes. Overall, the study provides insights into the performance of mutual
fund schemes and helps investors make informed investment decisions.
Introduction:
Mutual funds have emerged as a popular investment option for retail investors in India. The mutual
fund industry has witnessed a significant growth in recent years, with more than 45 mutual fund
houses and over 2,000 mutual fund schemes available to investors. As a result, investors face the
challenge of selecting the right mutual fund scheme to invest in, given the large number of options
available.
Performance evaluation of mutual fund schemes is a crucial aspect of the investment decision-
making process. It helps investors assess the historical performance of the scheme, its risk-return
trade-off, and its ability to generate alpha or outperform the benchmark index. The evaluation of
mutual fund performance is also influenced by various factors such as the market conditions,
economic policies, and investor sentiments.
The performance evaluation of mutual fund schemes is typically done using different measures, such
as absolute returns, relative returns, risk-adjusted returns, and fund manager skill. Among these
measures, risk-adjusted returns are the most widely used, as they help investors assess the
performance of the scheme relative to its risk exposure. Two popular measures of risk-adjusted
returns are the Sharpe Ratio and the Treynor Ratio.
This study aims to evaluate the performance of mutual fund schemes in the Indian market using the
Sharpe Ratio and the Treynor Ratio. The sample includes a mix of large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap
funds, as well as equity and debt-oriented funds. The study provides insights into the performance of
mutual fund schemes in India and helps investors make informed investment decisions.
Overall, the study aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of mutual fund performance in India,
taking into account various factors that affect the performance of the scheme. The findings of this
study would be useful for investors, financial advisors, fund managers, and policymakers in the
mutual fund industry.
Objectives:
 To develop practical understanding of how to apply Sharpe‘s, Treynor‘s and Jenson‘s ratio.
 To understand the relationship between funds and the index.
 To evaluate the performance of equity diversified mutual funds schemes of selected companies
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
People in today‘s developing world are more likely to investing their earnings in different investment
plans based on their potential future returns. The market value, which can provide a higher as well
as a lower value of risk and returns, depends on mutual fund; they appear to be the most advanced
prospective investment needs. From an investor‘s perspective, every little elements was explained
including how they perceived the growth and the risk- reward trade-offs involved and how they work,
on the guidance of the brokers, agents and other banking or online fund institutions, a mutual fund
investor may invest their money before investing in various mutual funds schemes people should
think carefully and need to do some comparison to determine which plan is best for them to invest.
80
www.ijemr.in
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
Methodology of the study is empirical in nature, during the study we gather Secondary data about
NAV were obtained from www.amfiindia.com, the data used was secondary information in general
(historical data), universe sampling all mutual funds schemes in India, sampling techniques is
convenience Analysing, Sample size is 5 Mutual funds in India (equity diversified growth) (2017 to
2022).
LITERATURE REVIEW
Shamitha Pani T.C, Sriyank Levi (14-December-2019) the study examines about the large cap
mutual funds schemes by evaluating the performance of various mutual fund schemes and
calculating risk and returns by using different statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation,
beta, Sharpe‘s ratio, Treynor‘s application & Prof. Kalpesh P Prajapati, Prof. Mahesh K Patel (July
2012) the different schemes in order to determine the growth and to examine the risk and
returns on the selected mutual funds schemes. Microsoft excel is used for calculations, which helps
the fund manager to make effective decisions in maintaining the portfolio of the investors & Dr. S.M.
Tariq Zafar, Dr. D.S. Chaubey Syed Imran Nawab Ali (July 2015) they talks about the Indian mutual
funds equity diversified growth scheme, To evaluate the Performance & rank/rate the funds based
on aforesaid ratios. Dr. Sarita Bahl, Meenakshi Rani (July 2012) to invest on the better performing
schemes by calculating the risk and return analysis, by using statistical tools can conclude that
which among the selected mutual fund schemes are outperforming in the market & M. Daniel
Rajkumar, Dr. S.S. Rau (October) to examined of the aggregate return while calculating the risk of
the mutual schemes of public and private sector & Dr. Nalini Prava Tripathy (July 2004) this paper
the objective is to find out the undervalued stocks by fund manager and manages to earn expected
return, which can recognize the certainty, advantage for investors and fund managers. The mutual
fund schemes are evaluated the performance by these methods such as Rate of Return Measures,
Treynor Measures, Sharpe Measures, Jensen Measures, Sharpe differential Measures, It shows that
the fund manager has not maintained balance between selectivity and diversification that concludes
with poor investment planning & Mr. Ashok Bantwa, Mr. Krunal Bhuva (December 2012),The higher
the risk investing on equity stocks results in the maximum investing in mutual funds to reduce the
burden of risk compared to the equity stocks by only selecting the best fund schemes where the fund
manager has to select the best schemes in order to receive the best return on investment & N.
Bhagyashree, Mrs. B. Kishori (April 2016), The performance is evaluated using statistical tools such
as Sharpe, Treynor‘s and Jensen‘s methods. From this study we able to determine the risk and
returns on the selected mutual fund schemes & P. Sathisha, K, Sakthi Srinivasan (May 2016), The
author calculates by those tools to know the risk and return of the selected mutual fund schemes to
manage the portfolio by fund managers & Dr Vikas Choudhary, Preeti Sehgal Chawla (Oct 2014) to
make better returns on investment & Dr Vinay Kandpal, Prof. P. C. Kavidayal (2014), To examine the
sensitivity of selected Equity Diversified Mutual fund schemes to the market fluctuations. The best
funds are well-diversified and provide higher returns for the same degree of risk & Dr.S.Vasantha ,
Uma Maheswari , K. Subashini (2013) To measure the risk -return relationship and market volatility
of the selected mutual funds To suggest strategies to invest in a profitable mutual fund & Shivam
Tripathi, Dr. Gurudutta P. (March 2020) Japee, To look at the arrival from the selected equity
mutual funds. To know whether the mutual funds can give reward to changeability and
unpredictability. & Duggimpudi, Rajesh R., Abdou, Hussein and Zaki, Mohamed (2010) in terms of
fund ranking, both Treynor and Jensen approaches have a pretty comparable ranking across the
research time. As a result, the best funds are well-diversified and provide higher returns for a given
amount of risk & R. Kumar Gandhi, Dr. R. Perumal (2016), To maintain consistent mutual fund
performance, investors should consider statistical factors such as alpha, beta, and standard
deviation in addition to NAV and TOTAL RETURN while investing in mutual funds. & Komal B.
Sharma (2020), The study discovers that three mutual funds performed well, and two funds did not
perform well throughout the study period, and that three mutual fund schemes performed well in the
high volatility market, with the exception of Axis corporate debt and HS BC fund. & S Rohitraj, Dr D
H Rao (2014), To examine the funds sensitivity to the market fluctuation in the terms of Beta, and to
appraise the performance of SBI & HDFC Fund schemes with regard to risk-return adjustment, the
model suggested by Sharpe, Treynor and Jensen. Alpha, Beta, Standard Deviation, Sharpe Ratio,
Treynor Ratio and Jensen‘ s Alpha for each of the fund & A. Vennila, Dr. R. Nandhagopal, April
(2012)
81
www.ijemr.in
This study talks about the performance evaluation of mutual fund pre- and post-recession period, to
capture the missed place in the market and in the verge of introducing innovative strategies to
overcome the issues being faced. To an array of diverse products such as gold funds, exchange
traded funds (ETF‘s), and capital protection-oriented funds and even thematic funds & Prem
Shankar Maurya, (2021
To study the concept & features of mutual funds to study the advantages and limitations associated
with mutual funds to offer suggestions regarding mutual funds selection to the investors & Dr. M.
Raja, Jagadeeswaran B, (2020) To identify the factors those are determining mutual fund schemes
investment. To examine the investors‘ perceptions towards mutual fund schemes investment to
study the level of satisfactions of the mutual fund schemes investors‘& Tanya, (2019) To find which
AMC has performed better and which has performed worse. To investigate the differences in
characteristics of assets held, portfolio diversification, and variable effects of diversification on
investment & K.P. Sowmya, Sandiya.C, Shanthini.C (2019) To know about the investor‘s preference
towards the mutual fund schemes. To understand about the growth and risk – return of the
investors. To know about the problems faced by the investors & Ms. Vimla Virparia, (2022) To
understand the performance of mutual schemes in terms of both risk as well as return. To examine
the performance of selected schemes by using performance evaluation models namely Sharpe,
Jensen, and Treynor‘s Model
& Dr. Shriprakash Soni, Prof. Dr. Deepali Bankapue, Mr. Mahesh Bhutada (2015) To analyse and
compare the performance of different mutual fund schemes offered by Kotak Mutual Fund and
HDFC Mutual Fund To compare the similar schemes of Kotak Mutual Fund with HDFC Mutual Fund
& Dr. Tanka Prasad Upadhyaya, (2022) To invest in order to achieve their various
financial goals. To select suitable fund for achieving their financial goals. To analyse investment
trends in financial services sector mutual fund schemes in India.
INSTRUMENTS:
The primary source of data for the research was the gathering of secondary NAV in AMFI and
historical BSE INDEX data. for the period of 2017-2022.
SOURCES: www.amfiindia.com
https://www.bseindia.com/
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
There were primarily six steps in the whole analysis and interpretation process, which have been
addressed in Part 1 And 2.
PART - 1:
 Calculation of mean and standard deviation of the return
1. Calculation of Returns
A proportion of the initial investment is used to express the income and capital gains. The cash flow
received and the price changes that occurred during the holding term of the stock or other asset are
used to evaluate the historical return or export returns.
RETURN = [P1 -P0] / P0 × 100
2. Calculation of Standard deviation
The standard deviation is a measurement of how significantly a group of values fluctuate or are
distributed. While a high standard deviation suggests that the values are dispersed over a wider
range, a low standard deviation suggests that the values tend to be close to the mean (also known as
the anticipated value) of the collection.
(𝝈 ) = √ (Σ (Dx) 2/n)
3. Calculation of Beta
Beta is a metric for evaluating a stock's variability to that of the entire market. An effective
comparison between a single stock and a market-tracking index fund is made possible by beta. The
movement of two securities in relation to one another is gauged by covariance.
82
www.ijemr.in
(β) = Covariance (ri * rm)

Variance (rm)
Risk free rate 6.39% p. a

PART - 2
 Calculation of Sharpe, Treynor and Jensen
SHARPE'S MEASURE is a measure of overall risk based on standard deviation. Sharpe's approach
involves ranking each portfolio according to the evaluation criteria. The numerator includes reward
as the risk premium. The denominator includes total risk as the standard deviation of return. We
will determine the overall risk and return variability of the portfolio in relation to the risk premium.
1. Calculation of Sharpe index
Sharpe index = portfolio average return – risk free rate of interest
Standard deviation of the portfolio return
Sp = (Rp – Rf) /σ p
Sp = Sharpe’s index
Rp = Portfolio return
Rf = Risk-free return percentage
σ = Return on standard deviation
2. Calculation of Treynor index
TREYNOR MEASURE employee's beta connected a portfolio's excess return to non-diversifiable or

systematic risk. The idea of the characteristic line, which is the risk measure of standard deviation,
served as the foundation for Treynor's formula. An investor needs to understand the idea of a
characteristics line. The characteristics line shows the association between a certain market return
and the fund return. Performance of the fund is evaluated in relation to market performance.
Treynor index = portfolio average return riskless rate of interest
Beta co-efficient of portfolio
Tp = (Rp-Rf) / β p
Tp = Treynor’s index
Rp = Portfolio return
Rf = Risk free return percentage
β p = Beta portfolio
1. Calculation of Jensen index
JENSEN‘S MEASURE is a set and against that the performance is measured, the standard is based
on the managers predictive ability; security price would enable the manager to earn higher returns
than the ordinary investment. Michael Jensen created the absolute risk-adjusted return metrics,
also referred to as Jensen's measures. Because a clear benchmark has been established and against
which performance is compared, it is regarded as a measure of absolute performance.
Rp = Rf + β (Rm – Rf)
Rp = Expected portfolio return

β p = Beta portfolio
Rm = Expected market return
83
www.ijemr.in
Comparison of performance and ranking of the fund

SCHEMES RETURN SD BETA SHARPE RANK TREYNOR RANK JENSEN RANK
LIC 0.01 3.71 0.947 -0.6460 2 -0.0969 4 0.4653 3
HDFC 0.07 1.01 0.265 -0.0822 4 -0.2749 3 4.7141 2
AXIS 0.05 0.85 0.246 -0.0437 5 -0,7426 2 4.8329 1
SBI 0.03 0.29 1.039 -0.9906 1 -0.0646 5 -0.1487 4
TATA 1.08 0.13 1.019 -0.2781 3 0.1230 1 -0.0685 5
Interpretation:
In the investigation we discovered that none of the funds could be categorically labelled as the best
or worst, but as per the study on five mutual fund schemes (2017-18 to 2021-22), In Sharpe
measures SBI is in highest ranking (0.9906) and AXIS is the lowest ranking (0.0437). In Treynor
measure TATA is the best (0.1230) compared to SBI (-0.0646). In Jensen measure AXIS is having the
highest ranking of (4.8329) and TATA is having (-0.0685). It indicates that this fund has produced
significant return with little risk incurred and has better risk- adjusted performance compared to
others.
FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
Findings:
According to the multiple performance indexes, a fund performs and is rated differently, as shown in
the ranking table.
Rank Sharpe Treynor Jensen
1 SBI AXIS AXIS
2 LIC HDFC HDFC
3 TATA TATA LIC
4 HDFC LIC SBI
5 AXIS SBI TATA
 The majority of mutual fund investors believe that the following elements relating to investor
service are crucial when making an investment decision.
 They are familiar with the risk and scheme characteristics in offer documents.
 Therefore, all of these couldn't be regarded to be the ultimate criterion for evaluating the
performance of mutual funds.
 The finest performance is being made by AXIS Mutual Fund, which offers fairly significant
returns. SBI is the least performing mutual fund, while HDFC Finance is second.
 Since many funds have returns that are lower despite their high-risk levels, the direct relationship
between risk and return is not always true.
 Both the AXIS Sensex Fund and LIC Sensex Plan are excellent schemes that have provided
comparable average returns over the past five years.
CONCLUSION:
When evaluating the performance of mutual fund schemes, there are several factors to consider.
Here are some key takeaways past performance is not a guarantee of future results. While past
performance is an important factor to consider, it should not be the sole criteria for evaluating a
mutual fund scheme.
Different metrics can be used to evaluate performance, including returns, volatility, and risk-
adjusted returns. The choice of metric should depend on the investor's objectives and risk tolerance.
Benchmarking can help to evaluate a mutual fund scheme's performance relative to a relevant
market index. This can help to identify whether the fund is generating alpha (outperformance) or
underperforming. A long-term perspective is important when evaluating mutual fund schemes.
Short-term fluctuations in performance may not be indicative of the fund's true potential over a
longer time horizon.
Lastly, it is important to evaluate the mutual fund scheme's performance in the context of its
investment objective, asset allocation, and investment strategy. A fund that is designed to be
defensive may underperform in a bull market, while an aggressive growth fund may outperform
during a market upswing but may also experience more volatility and risk.
84
www.ijemr.in
REFERENCE:
• Shamitha pani T.C & Sriyank levi, (2019), An empirical study on diversified large cap mutual fund
schemes and its performance evaluation, Think India journal. -22 0971-1260.
• Prof. Kalpesh P Prajapati & Prof. Mahesh K Patel, (2012). Comparative study on performance
evaluation of mutual fund schemes of Indian company. international refereed research journal. 3.
2229-4686
• Dr.S.M. Tariq Zafar, Dr. D.S. Chaubey & Syed Imran Nawab Ali. (2015).An empirical study on
Indian mutual fund equity diversified growth scheme and their performance evaluation. International
journal of research in it, management, and engineering – .1(7) 2249-1619
• Dr. Sarita bahl & Meenakshi Rani, (2012), A Comparative analysis of mutual funds schemes in
India. International journal of marketing, financial services, and management research. 1(2). 2277-
3622.
• M. Daniel Rajkumar & Dr. S.S. Rau, (2010), Performance evaluation on selecting of equity based
Indian mutual fund scheme, using the traditional performance tool, National Journal on Advances in
computing and management. 1(2).
• Dr. Naliniprava Tripathy, (2018) An Empirical Analysis on Performance Evaluation of mutual fund
in India: a study on Equity linked Savings scheme. ICFAI journal of applied Finance.
• Mr. Ashok Bantwa & Mr. Krunal Bhuva, (2020), Performance evaluation of selected Indian equity
diversified mutual fund schemes: An empirical study, GJRIM. 2(2).
• N. Bhagyasree & Mrs. B. Kishori (2016), A study on Performance evaluation of mutual funds
scheme in India, International journal for innovative research in science and technology. 2(11).
2349- 6010.
• P. Sathisha & K. Sakthi srinivasanb, (2016) Performance evaluation of selected open ended
mutual fund schemes in Indian: An empirical study, Sona global management review. 10(3).
• Dr. Vikas Choudhary & Preeti Sehgal chawla, (2014), Performance evaluation of mutual funds: A
study of selected diversified equity mutual funds in India, international conference on business, law,
and corporate social responsibility. 10(3).
• Dr. Vinay Kandpall & Prof.P.C. Kavidayal, (2014), A Comparative study of selected public and
private sector equity diversified mutual fund scheme in India, IOSR journal of business and
management.16,12319-7668.
• Dr. S. Vasantha, Uma Maheswari & K. Subashini, (2013), Evaluating the performance of some
selected open-ended equity diversified mutual fund in Indian mutual fund industry, international
journal of innovative research in science, engineering and technology, 2(9). 2319-8753.
• Shivam Tripathi & Dr. Gurudutta P. japee, (2020), Performance evaluations of selected equity
mutual funds in India, Grand academic portal research journals. III(I). 2581 – 5830
• Rajesh R. duggimpudi (UK), Hussein A. Abdou (UK) & Mohamed Zaki (UK), (2010), An evaluation
of equity diversified mutual funds: the case of the Indian market, Investment Management, and
financial innovations. 7(4).
• R. Kumar Gandhi & Dr. R. Perumal, (2016), Performance of selected bank mutual fund schemes
impact in investors decision making, international journal of advanced research, 5(3) 2278- 6236.
• B. Sharma, (2020), Performance analysis of mutual fund: A Comparative study of the selected
debt mutual fund scheme in India, Grand academic portal research journal, III (II). 2581-5628.
• S. Rohitraj & Dr.D. H Rao, (2015), Performance evaluation of open-ended large cap equity mutual
fund and mid and small cap equity mutual fund growth scheme with special reference to SBI mutual
fund and HDFC mutual fund, international journal of management. 6(1). 0976-6510.
• A. Vennila & Dr. R. Nandhagopal, (2012), study on performance evaluation of mutual fund
scheme in India during pre-recession, recession and post-recession period, international journal of
management. 3(1). 0976-6375.
• Prem Shankar Maury, (2021), A Study on features and limitations of mutual funds, Global journal
of commerce and management perspective research scholar. 10(4).
• Dr. M. Raja Jagadeeswaran & Jagadeeswaran.B, (2020), Investors‘ perceptions towards mutual
fund schemes investment- A study with special reference to Chennai city, international journal of
management, 11(5).
• Tanya, (2019), Performance evaluation of mutual fund schemes in India, Journal of advances and
scholarly research in allied education,16(4). 2230-7540.
• K.P. Sowmya, Sandiya.C & Shanthini.C (2019), Mutual funds- A Pragmatic Research on investors
perception towards risk- return pattern with special reference to Coimbatore city, international
journal of innovative technology and exploring engineering. 8(12S) 2278-3075. • Ms. Vimla Virparia,
(2022), Performance analysis of mutual funds in India, International journal of management, public
policy, and research international, peer reviewed journal. 1 (3). 2583-3014.
85
www.ijemr.in
• Dr. Shirprakash Soni, Prof. Dr. Deepali Bankapue & Mr. Mahesh Bhutada, (2015), Comparative
analysis of mutual fund schemes available at Kotak mutual fund and HDFC mutual fund,
international journal of research in finance and marketing. 1 (7). 2231-5985.
• Dr. Tanka Prasad Upadhyaya, (2022), A study of investment trends in financial service sector
mutual fund schemes in India, International advanced research journal in science, engineering and
technology ISO. 9(7). 2394-1588.
86
www.ijemr.in
IMPACT OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS AND COVID-19 ON THE PROFITABILITY OF

AUTOMOBILE SECTOR
Mr. Manu M, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global
Academy of Technology, Bangalore- 560098
Prof. Sriyank Levi, Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global
Academy of Technology, Bangalore- 560098
ABSTRACT
Since the beginning of the pandemic, there has been interest in how COVID-19 and financial
performance indicators will affect the profitability of the automotive sector. In addition to examining the
impact of the pandemic on the profitability of the automotive industry, this study aims to examine the
relationship between financial ratios like liquidity, solvency, and profitability. The pandemic has
disrupted the automotive industry's supply chain, decreased demand for cars, and reduced car
production. The study uses a data of 15 long years for the analysis. And the data of 2019 to 2021 for
analyzing covid-19 impact. The study's findings suggest that in order to ensure long-term profitability,
automakers must keep their liquidity and profitability at high levels while controlling their debt loads.
In addition, businesses must adjust to the pandemic's new realities and come up with creative ways to
manage their supply chains, reduce risks, and generate new revenue.
INTRODUCTION
Financial performance gauges how well a company can generate revenue using the resources from
its main operating strategy. The company's financial performance is also represented by it. Financial
performance is used by analysts and investors to evaluate similar companies in the same industry or
to contrast entire sectors or industries. The financial performance of a company should be of interest
to all of its stakeholders because it provides insight into its capacity to generate revenue, uphold its
financial stability, and fulfill its obligations. This information can be used by stakeholders to make
well-informed decisions about their investments or affiliation with the company.
The widespread illness known as COVID 19 included everything from minor illnesses like fleas to
more severe conditions like severe acute respiratory syndrome. In December 2019, the covid-19 was
found in Wuhan, China. People are generally cautious about conducting business in the 200
countries that are affected. In addition, the Indian government implemented a 55-day nationwide
lockdown to minimize the impact on the economy in March 2020. The COVID-19 had an effect on
each person's standard of living and income levels globally. The pandemic rocked the entire world
and tore apart the economies.
REVIEW LITERATURE
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN INDIA (Gaddipati Raama
Haneesh, Abhishek Venkteshwar) 2021
Customer perception is a key factor in determining the success or failure of a brand. Current,
Customer perceptions are changing rapidly, impacting every industry and should be taken into
account t important. The survey found that customers are focused on the current situation Save
more than spend.
SELECTION OF THE BARRIERS OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN INDIAN
MANUFACTURING SECTORS DUE TO COVID-19 IMPACTS (Tapas Kumar Biwa’s* , Manic
Chandra Das ) 2020
The corona virus (COVID-19) epidemic is clearly affecting nearly all firms' supply networks. The
supply chain has faced numerous challenges, whether it is frozen meals and supermarket products,
emergency items, or even services. It is vital for industrial industries with complicated supply chains
to create crisis management techniques. financial flow.
Impact of Covid 19 on Industrial Sector – A Study (Dr.B.V.Kapparashetty) 2020
The author examines the impact of the Covid-19 virus on the total industrial sector and its impact
on the economy in this research. The continuous lockdown has put a significant burden on the
manufacturing industry, which accounts for about 20% of GDP. 50% of this total The automobile
industry contributes.
87
www.ijemr.in
COVID-19 Impact on the Sharing Economy Post-Pandemic (Paul P. Vinod1 and Dipasha
Sharma) 2021
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was detected in December 2019, and within a month, it had
spread throughout the globe, affecting more than 180 countries. This outbreak caused in lockdowns
and massive preventative measures to contain the pandemic in several nations.
COVID-19: A nightmare for the Indian Economy (CA .Kamakshi Mehta, Mr Shiv SwaroopJha)
2020
Our study's goal is to perform and complete a retrospective examination of the macroeconomic
consequences of the numerous pandemics that have occurred to date. As well as forecasting the
impact of Covid -19 on the Indian economy Covid -19 is a highly contagious disease in the SARS
COV-2 family.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Consumers: Preparing for Digital Sales (—RAE YULE KIM) 2020
—COVID-19 has had an impact on everyone's day-to-day life. At least 316 million people in 42 states
have been instructed to stay at home in order to slow the spread of the virus. Pandemic. Businesses
have been prone to significant modifications in this regard. Many firms' workplace operations have
gone virtual.
The covid-19 in India- impacts on the economy and the automobile sector (MRS. LAVANYA P,
DR. SUBBA RAYUDU THUNGA, DR. N. Y. RAJU) 2021
This paper demonstrates the impact of the Indian economy's lockdown, particularly on the
automobile sector. The results show that, depending on the length of the lockdown, the Indian
economy is likely to lose between 10 and 31% of its GDP, with a daily output loss of Rs 2300 crore in
the automobile sector.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE INDIAN INSURANCE SECTOR (Dr. V. PARVATHI, DR.
C. LALITHA) 2021
The COVID-19 Pandemic has caused massive economic shocks around the world due to business
interruptions and shutdowns, leading to the worst financial crisis in history. India is one of the
countries badly impacted by the lethal new corona virus despite the fact that the insurance business
has been severely impacted by the Pandemic, the future appears bright.
COVID-19 Induced Supply Chain Disruptions and Automotive Industry: A Case Study of Maruti
Suzuki India Limited and Mitigation Strategies (Tapas Sudan*, RashiTaggar) 2022
The research examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic-induced supply chain disruptions
(SCDs) on the Indian automotive industry (IAI) through a case study of Maruti Suzuki India Limited
(MSIL), which accounts for almost half of the Indian automotive market, and provided mitigation
methods as well as a SCDs recovery model.
COVID-19 shatters global automotive industry; sales of metal powder take a nosedive amid
wavering demand (Nikhil Kaitwade) 2020
Environmental issues are being raised as a result of the rising use of conventional automobiles.
Governments and activists all around the world As a result, governments around the world have
been providing incentives for the use of electric vehicles.
Exports and Imports Stagnation in India during Covid-19- A Review (Dr. D. Paul Dhinakaran,
Dr. N. Kesavan) 2020
The current paper examines the stagnation of India's exports and imports during COVID-19. The
writers investigated India's exports and imports at a glance, changes in the industrial sector, India's
industry and infrastructure at a glance, economic inflation, foreign trade and national income
present scenario, inflation prognosis, Union budget 2020-21, and the COVID-19 dispute.
Covid-19 Pandemic Impact in India (Rahul Kumar)
India is a major auto exporter. This export is done in various nations across the world.. According to
a report by The Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), overall auto sales decreased
45% in March due to the spread of Covid-19. Every day, the automobile industry loses Rs. 2,300
crore owing to production shutdown during the Lockdown.
88
www.ijemr.in
The COVID-19 outbreak and stock market reactions: Evidence from Australia (MdLutfur
Rahman a, Abu Amin b,*, Mohammed Abdullah Al Mamun) 2021
We investigate how the Australian stock market responded to the COVID-19 pandemic's uncertainty
and if the government's stimulus programme helped restore market confidence..
The impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on the automotive sector in Central and Eastern European
Countries (Caroline Klein, Jens Høj, Gabriel Machlica) 2021
The purpose of this research is to look into the impact of the COVID-19 issue on the automotive
industry in Central and Eastern Europe. It describes the consequences of the epidemic and
accompanying lockdown measures on industry activities.
Impact of COVID - 19 on stock price of NSE in automobile sector (Dr. S. Rajamohan, A.
Sathish, Abdul Rahman) 2020
The mood in the world's stock markets is pessimistic. This is evident in the recurrent crashes in
stock markets around the world. India's financial markets are thriving. As a result of the
repercussions in global markets, there is currently high volatility
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the U.S. Economy: Evidence from the Stock Market
(Willem Thornback) 2020
The Coronavirus crisis has harmed the American economy. This research investigates its influence
using the stock returns of 125 sectors. It decomposes returns into sector-specific components.
A REVIEW OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE AUTOMOBILE
INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA ( Wong Sing Yun, ) 2022
The COVID-19 epidemic has had a devastating influence on numerous industrial sectors' production
and sales. A wealth of previous studies has provided light on the harmful consequences of the
pandemic crisis on these industries.
Impacts of COVID-19 on Global Supply Chains: Facts and Perspectives (ZHITAO XU, ADEL
ELOMR, LAOUCINE KERBACHE,)
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused considerable damage to various industries worldwide.
Availability and supply of a wide range of raw materials, intermediate goods, and finished products
have been seriously disrupted.
Understanding systemic disruption from the Covid-19-induced semiconductor shortage for the
auto industry (Vinay Ramania, Debabrata Ghoshb, ManMohan S. Sodhi)
We have been able to study systemic disruptions that affect entire industries thanks to Covid-19.
This article investigates how disruptions begin, spread, and persist over time by examining the
semiconductor chip scarcity experienced by the auto industry in the years following Covid-19 in
2020
THE IMPACT OF COVID 19 IN INDIAN ECONOMY – AN EMPIRICAL STUDY (Dr. Kishore Kumar
Das, ShaliniPatnaik) 2022-12-06
The current pandemic situation has had a significant negative impact on Indian business. The
domestic impact of the corona virus pandemic COVID-19 could result in Domestic demand is
slowing.
Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on EU industries (Jan Maarten DE VET, Daniel
NIGOHOSYAN, Jorge NÚÑEZ FERRER, Ann-Kristin GROSS, Silvia KUEHL, and Michael ) 2021
The COVID-19 crisis had a significant impact on the EU27 economy, prompting unprecedented
policy responses across the board. Europe and the world. With evidence on the effects on EU
industry manifesting until the beginning of 2021.
COVID-19 Impacts and Sustainability Strategies for Regional Recovery in Southeast Asia:
Challenges and Opportunities (Suparak Suriyankietkaew, Suthep Nimsai) 2021
The COVID-19 pandemic issue jeopardises our progress toward meeting the United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). There have been few studies of its effects on sustainable
development in emerging countries and fast-growing regional growth, such as Southeast Asia or the
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
89
www.ijemr.in
Impacts of COVID-19 on the electric vehicle industry: Evidence from China (W. Wen a, S. Yang
a, P. Zhou a,*, S.Z. Gao b) 2021
Electric vehicle development is critical for achieving long-term goals, while COVID-19 hits the market
and challenges the entire industry. China, one of the first regions to be afflicted by COVID19 and a
major player in the global electric vehicle market.
COVID-19 and Indian Economy: Impact on Growth, Manufacturing, Trade and MSME
Sector(Pravakar Sahoo and Ashwani 2020)
The study aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the Indian economy by analysing its impact on
growth, manufacturing, trade, and the micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) sector, and to
highlight key policy measures to mitigate the potential economic fallout.
IMPACT OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (FPIs) ON PROFITABILITY (*Dr. T. Muthu
Pandian and Mr. Narendran )
Most businesses utilise financial data to distribute resources to various departments. As a result,
examining financial data and financial performance indicators becomes critical for assessing an
organization's financial health..
Study Type : Descriptive Study
 Data : Indian automobile manufacturers, auto component manufacturers of india, annual reports
of Mahindra and Mahindra automobile and Tata motors
 Period of data : 2007 to 2021
 Tools and techniques used : Descriptive statistics , SD , SV, Regression
SUMMARY OUTPUT (tata)
R Square 0.338397663
Adjusted R Square 0.067051571
Observations 15
ANOVA
Regression 4 2.375830069 0.593957517 1.875433866 0.191407174
Residual 11 4.64499286 0.422272078
Total 15 7.020822929
Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95%

Intercept -1.142429201 1.952979168 -0.584967428 0.570373912 -5.440907365 3.156048963
liquidity ratio (tata) 4.923894526 2.942540371 1.673348164 0.122425843 -1.552593159 11.40038221
debt equity ratio (tata) 0.220322663 0.097406484 2.26188908 0.044942852 0.005932437 0.434712889
debt to asset ratio (tata) -16.72198151 7.096756523 -2.35628508 0.038062698 -32.34183729 -1.102125727
debt to net worth ratio (tata) 0 0 65535 0.02980527 0 0
The above table indicates that R-Square value is 0.3383 that is 33.83% which indicates that Debt to
net worth Ratio, debt equity ratio, liquidity ratio, debt to asset explains 33.83% variation in Return
on investment. This implies that Debt to net worth Ratio, debt equity ratio, liquidity ratio, debt to
asset is impacting the Return on investment to an extent of 33.83% and remaining 66.17% of the
impact is experienced by other independent variables which are not considered in this study
90
www.ijemr.in
SUMMARY OUTPUT (mahindra and mahindra )
R Square 0.234117544
Adjusted R Square -0.06566858
Observations 15
ANOVA
Regression 4 0.132268988 0.033067247 1.120839091 0.399772294
Residual 11 0.432699301 0.0393363
Total 15 0.564968289
Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% L

Intercept 0.392472567 0.887777392 0.442084435 0.666993859 -1.561512297 2.346457431
liquidity ratio ( mahindra and mahindra ltd)
0.098834988 0.757820174 0.130420106 0.898588567 -1.569115969 1.766785944
debt equity ratio ( mahindra and mahindra-0.030661715
ltd) 0.025319753 -1.210980041 0.251278502 -0.086390115 0.025066685
debt to asset ratio ( mahindra and mahindra
0.012088896
ltd) 0.737439668 0.016393064 0.987214371 -1.61100487 1.635182661
debt to net worth ratio ( m &m) 0 0 65535 0.687245112 0 0
The above table indicates that R-Square value is 0.23411 that is 23.41% which indicates that Debt
to net worth Ratio ,debt equity ratio, liquidity ratio, debt to asset explains 23.41% variation in
Return on investment. This implies that Debt to net worth Ratio ,debt equity ratio, liquidity ratio,
debt to asset is impacting the Return on investment to an extent of 23.41% and remaining 76.59% of
the impact is experienced by other independent variables which are not considered in this study
except Debt- Equity Ratio.
Post Pandemic Regression
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Multiple R 0.999982
R Square 0.999963
Adjusted R Square
-1.22222
Standard Error3.87359
Observations 1
ANOVA
Regression 11 3679651 334513.7 245233.2 0.9294381
Residual 9 135.0423 15.0047
Total 20 3679786
The above table indicates that R-Square value is 0.99982 that is 99.98% which indicates that Debt
to net worth Ratio ,debt equity ratio, liquidity ratio, debt to asset explains 99.98% variation in
Return on investment. This implies that Debt to net worth Ratio ,debt equity ratio, liquidity ratio,
debt to asset is impacting the Return on investment to an extent of 99.98% and remaining 0.02% of
the impact is experienced by other independent variables which are not considered in this study
except Debt- Equity Ratio
FINDINGS
By all this above analysis we can find out that none of the ratios have been increased with an
increase in the return on investment ratio.
Because financial performance indicator ratios and return on investment are inversely related to one
another, a rise in profitability will have an impact on the company's financial performance indicators,
and an excessive emphasis on the metrics will have a significant negative impact on the profitability
of the company.
But post pandemic the financial performance indicators have influenced the profitability of the firms
thereby giving a boost to the profit making ability to the firms
91
www.ijemr.in
CONCLUSION
As the COVID-19 crisis persists, many global industrial products companies are facing difficult
times, including production halts due to supply chain disruption, cost escalation, and workforce
dislocation. What long-term effects industrial product companies can expect, and what steps can be
taken to help keep them agile and risk-free in the future.
The profitability of the Indian automotive industry has been significantly impacted by Covid-19. The
closure of factories and dealerships as a result of the nationwide lockdown in India, which was put
in place to stop the virus' spread, reduced output and sales. Many businesses in the industry have
seen a decline in their financial performance as a result of consumer spending declines, supply chain
problems, and a decline in the demand for automobiles.
REFERENCE
1. Biswas, T. K. (2020). SELECTION OF THE BARRIERS OF SUPPLY CHAIN IN INDIAN
MANUFACTURING SECTOR DUE TO COVID 19 IMPACTS . Operational Research in Engineering
Sciences: , vol7,(2),23-49,
2. das, k. k., & shalini. (2021). THE IMPACT OF COVID 19 IN INDIAN. iaeme , 9.(7),20-42,
3. dinakaran, D., & DR.N.Kesavan. (2020). Exports and Imports Stagnation in India During Covid-
19. GIS Business , 20(2),88-102,
4. dr.B.V.Kapparshetty. (2020). impact of covid 19 on industrial sector. international journal of
research and analytical reviews , 8(3),14-24,
5. kaitwade, n. (2020). COVID-19 shatters global automotive industry; sales of metal powder take a
nosedive amid wavering demand. elsevier , 4(11),23-34,
6. kim, r. y. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Consumers: Preparing for Digital Sale. Montclair
State University, Montclair , 7(8),66-69,
7. klien, c., & hoj, j. (2021). impact of covid 19 on automobile sector in eastern european countries.
organisation for economic cooperation and development , 19(11),09-33,
8. kumar, r. (2021). Covid-19 Pandemic Impact in India. ssrn , 7(12),12-19,
9. lavanya.p, & thunga, s. (2021). The covid-19 in India- impacts on the economy and the
automobile sector. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government , 5(3),43-48,
10. marteen, j., kuewle, s., & flickenschild, m. (2021). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on EU
industries. Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies , 86(4),06-23,
11. mehta, K., & jha, s. s. (2020). COVID-19 : A nightmare for the Indian Economy. UGC Care
Journal , 15(4)50-59,
12. nunez, j., & kristin, a. (2022). covid 19 induced the semiconductor shortage of automobile
industry. elsevier , 17(11),8-16,
13. Parvathi, D. V., & DR.C.Lalitha. (2021). IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE INDIAN
INSURANCE SECTOR. Perspectives on Business Management & Economics , 6(9)76-83,
14. pramod, p. p., & sharma, d. (2021). "COVID-19 Impact on the Sharing economy post pandemic.
SCMHRD, Symbiosis International University , 14(6)64-83,
15. Rahaman, M. L., & Manmhun, M. A. (2021). The COVID-19 outbreak and stock market
reactions: Evidence from Australia. elsevier , 7(8),9-22,
16. rajamohan, & sathish. (2020). impact of covid 19 on stock price of NSE in automobile sector.
international journal of advanced multidisciplinary research , 6.,9(1),66-71,
17. rama, g., & venkateshwara, a. (2021). THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE AUTOMOTIVE
INDUSTRY IN INDIA. ACADEMIA , 9(11),6-11,
18. ramaani, v., & manmohan.s. (2022). Understanding systematic disruption from the covid 19
induced semiconductor shortsge . ELSEVER , 16(14)33-41,
19. sudan, t., & taggar, r. (2022). COVID-19 Induced Supply Chain Disruptions and Automotive
Industry: A Case Study of Maruti Suzuki India Limited and Mitigation Strategie. universal wiser
publishers , 18(01),07-15,
92
www.ijemr.in
20. suriyankietkaew, s., & nimasai, s. (2021). "COVID-19 Impacts and Sustainability Strategies for
Regional. mdpi , 28.,12(1),11-28,
21. thorbece, w. (2020). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the U.S. Economy: Evidence from
the Stock Market. Risk Financial Manag , 32(3),14-34,
22. W.Wen, S.Yang, & P.Zhou. (2021). impact of covid 19 on the ev industry ;evidence from china.
elsevier , 20(5),9-12,
23. Yun, W. S. (2022). A Review of the impact of the covid 19 pandemic on the automobile industry
in malaysia. journal of economics and sustainability , 12.(8),13-22,
24. Zhitao, & Elmori, A. (2020). Impacts of COVID-19 on Global Supply Chains: Facts and
Perspectives. IEEE ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT , 14.(5),11-18,
25. shalini, p. (2021). economic impact of covid on the automobile sector . kim rae,xu kerbache ,
17.(2),12-34,
93
www.ijemr.in
RELATION BETWEEN THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND THE PERFORMANCE OF THE

SELECTED MANUFACTURING COMPANY
Mr. Nikhil Raj B, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Dr Sriyank Levi, Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
ABSTRACT
The meaning of Capital structure can be described as the arrangement of capital by using different
sources of long term funds which consists of two broad types, equity and debt. The different types of
funds that are raised by a firm include preference shares, equity shares, retained earnings, long-
term loans etc. The ratio of debt to equity is referred to as the capital structure. The total amount
invested that was funded by debt and equity. In this case, the total profit of the company will be
impacted by the repayment of the loan or the interest paid on the increased amount of debt. These
two elements will have an impact on the company's profitability.
KEYWORDS:
INTRODUCTION: The different types of funds that are raised by a firm include preference shares,
equity shares, retained earnings, long-term loans etc. It will be measured by the ratio of the capital
structure that the collection of funds through the equity and debentures. This proportion of the
funds helps us to know the total value of any organisation, it primarily depends on how expenses
related to raising capital through stock and debentures were incurred by the organisation. A
company's value is greatly influenced by its capital structure, specifically the proportion of stock to
debt funding. The ratio of equity to debt affects risk and cash flow, which affects how much an
investor is ready to pay for the company or a share in it. In contrast, the quantity of returns you
provide to share holders and the dividend that is paid are important considerations in equity. These
two elements will have an impact on the company's profitability. Additionally, these studies typically
do not establish a distinct baseline for the performance of each firm that would be attained if agency
expenses were reduced.
OBJECTIVES:
1. to find out the relation between the capital structure and firms performance.
2. to examine the increase and decrease of the profit with proportion of capital structure.
3. to what extent does the capital structure has the impact on the firm‘s performance.
4. to check whether there is optimum capital structure or not.
5. to determine the relation between the choices of long term debt, short term debt, full debt, and
debt equity.
94
www.ijemr.in
Literature Review:
SL
NO AUTHOR'S NAME JOURNAL NAME BRIEF
Finding the ideal debt equity combination
has always been difficult. An abnormally
high total liability-to-total assets ratio was
found in the telecom industry sample
studied in the USA. Therefore, it is
European journal of motivated to research how the capital
accounting, auditing structure (CapSt) affects a firm's
1 Habibniya, H. and finance research profitability.
This study looks at how an organization's
size, growth, tangibility, liquidity, volatility,
uniqueness, assetutility, and non-debt tax
impact its profitability and capital
structure. Profitability is evident from the
result. Furthermore, the showed that size,
liquidity, asset utility, and non-debt tax
International journal of shield all had a positive effect on capital
Harry Patuan business and social structure.
2 Panjaitan science
This study employs several linear
regression analytic techniques and a
quantitative methodology. Additionally, it is
anticipated that this research will assist
shareholders and potential shareholders in
identifying possibilities to raise the value of
Journal of industrial their shares of manufacturing firms in the
engineering & food and beverage industry sector listed on
3 Lukman Anthony management research the IDX.
The writer employed secondary data from
manufacturing whose financial statements
were used to analyse and demonstrate the
effect of DR and DER simultaneously and
partially towards ROA and ROE as the
major goal of this study. Making money off
of a business's operations is the main
reason for starting one. Public
manufacturing enterprises are not an
exception to this rule. Nearly a quarter of
Amer scientific Indonesia's GDP is generated by the
publishers, 25650 industrial sector. Additionally, the
north lewis way, manufacturing industry continues to be the
4 Inda Martati stevenson ranch, usa main driver of economic growth.
The relationship between capital structure
and profitability and its effects have been
studied using regression analysis. The
study finds a significant correlation
between capital structure and profitability
as well as a significant impact of capital
Chandrika kiit journal of structure on the financial performance of
5 Prasad Das management sample companies.
DATA AND METHODOLOGY:

DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS: The research design which is used for this study is descriptive research
because it is based on secondary data. The period of study is 2021 by taking various companies
financial information.
95
www.ijemr.in
Hypothesis of the study:

Ho:- There is no significance relationship between the capital structure and the performance of the
organisation.
Ha:- There is significance relationship between the capital structure and the performance of the
organisation.
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS:
Regression
Statistics
Multiple R 0.30
R Square 0.09
Adjusted R
Square 0.03
Observations 18.00
ANOVA
Significance
df SS MS F F
Regression 1.00 188214.31 188214.31 1.61 0.22
Residual 16.00 1866711.01 116669.44
Total 17.00 2054925.32
Standard P- Upper
Coefficients Error t Stat value Lower 95% 95%
Intercept 404.06 139.34 2.90 0.01 108.67 699.46
X Variable 1 0.02 0.01 1.27 0.22 -0.01 0.05
INTERPRETATION: As we can see, the two variables, profit after tax and shareholder equity, have p
values of 0.01 and 0.222, respectively. Since the p value of profit after tax is 0.01, it has little effect
on the ROA, while the p value of shareholder equity is 0.13, it greatly affects the ROE.
CONCLUSION: With the reference of all above calculations we can conclude that the capital;
structure has no impact on the performance of the company it is just the decision which the firm has
to take that at what extent or at what ratio should be the debt and equity and what should be the
dividend paid to the shareholders . It is all about the cost that a firm incur while raising the fund it
may be through the debt or may be through the equity.
REFERENCES:
1. Habibniya, h. (2020). Impact of capital structure on profitability. European journal of accounting,
auditing and finance research ,3(2),61-78.
2. Panjaitan, h. P. (2022). Factors impacting profitability and capital structure in manufacturing
companies listed on the index. International journal of business and social science , 7(15),68-78.
3. Anthoni, l. (2019). Company value in terms of capital structure, ownership structure and
company profitability in manufacturing companies in the food and beverage industry sector listed on
the indonesia stock exchange. Journal of industrial engineering & management research ,2 (5),15-
75.
4. Martati, i. (2021). The effect of capital structure on profitability of manufacturing company.
Publisher: amer scientific publishers, 25650 north lewis way, stevenson ranch, usa, ca, 5(1),120-
125.
5. Prasad, c. (2018). Effects of capital structure, profitability and firm size towards earning
management in manufacturing companies. Pari kalpana - kiit journal of management, 16(9),165-
180.
96
www.ijemr.in
THE ROLE OF CASH FLOW IN EXPLAINING THE CHANGE IN COMPANY LIQUIDITY WITH
REFERENCE TO INDIAN TELECOM COMPANY
Mr. Pramodh L , PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Prof. Sriyanklevi, Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of Technology,
ABSTRACT
The purpose of study is to examines the A greater interest in assessing a company's liquidity and cash
flow has emerged in recent years as a result of the growth in corporate bankruptcy. The measurement
of current liquidity is frequently of interest to credit analysts and other consumers of accounting data
who are assessing a firm's financial status. The purpose of this study was to assist decision-makers,
particularly those who are concerned with factors impacting liquidity, by examining the accounting
information in the reports by listed businesses for telecom company and its cash flow and company
liquidity.
keywords: cash flow , company liquidity
I. INTRODUCTION
The surge in corporate bankruptcies in recent years has heightened interest in assessing a
company's liquidity. When assessing a company's financial state, credit analysts and other
consumers of accounting data are frequently concerned with accurately measuring present liquidity
as well as forecasting future liquidity. It is possible to assess liquidity using both historical and
present data when there are trends in a company's liquidity condition. These indicators are
frequently used to assess the company's financial health and assess its capacity to pay debts,
including the possibility of bankruptcy. Since liquidity is regarded as a key input for financial
choices, it is important to determine which method has a better ability to explain liquidity: cash
flows or earnings, which include accruals. International Accounting Standards (IAS) 7's cash flow
offers the ability to assess a company's liquidity and capacity to meet both short-term and long-term
obligations.
The majority of businesses have cash flow issues occasionally. One of the easiest methods to identify
these issues and find solutions is through a cash flow statement. There is no one approach that will
always work. Instead, the foundation for resolving cash flow issues is a combination of solutions.
Profitability is not adversely affected by the tactics adopted. Treatment of cash flows issues at the
expenses of profit is a temporary fix that could have negative long term consequences. Increasing
profitability Low profitability may be having the larger issue, of which cash flow issues are merely a
symptom where the company liquidity would be having the cash flow.
1. To understand a company's ability to anticipate and explain future performance, particularly with
regard to liquidity, using cash flow.
2. To understand the instruments used to measure liquidity and how they could reflect the
company's level of liquidity.
3. The step in conducting a cash flow analysis is to compare the total of outstanding purchases to
the total of sales that are due at the end of each month.
The Role of Earnings, Cash Flows and Accruals in Predicting of Future Cash Flow (Mwila Mulenga,
Meena Bhatia) March 2017 cash flow from operations, and profitability all play in forecasting future
cash flows, then outlining the technique employed. The research results from this literature
demonstrate that the conclusions contradict the claim. Instead, the majority of studies state that
operating cash flow is a stronger indicator of future cash flows, while some researchers disagree with
the statement.
97
www.ijemr.in
Investment and Cash Flow: New Evidence. Jonathan Lewellen and Katharina Lewellen 2016 the
investment-cash flow sensitivity of American companies between 1971 and 2009. studies add to the
body of knowledge in numerous significant ways and offer solid proof that cash flow accounts for
investment in ways other than their association to. Even after accounting for measurement error in ,
a dollar of current-year and prior-year cash flow corresponds to $0.32 of additional investment for
firms that are least likely to be confined and $0.63 of increased investment for firms that are most
likely to be constrained.
The Usefulness of Direct and Indirect Cash Flow Disclosures GREG CLINCH BALJIT SIDHU
SAMANTHA SIN 2022 the three key issues surrounding the value of direct and indirect cash flow
reports. First, are components of direct and indirect cash flow related to incremental yearly returns
Second, is there a relationship between the operational cash flow components' increased Thirdly, do
stated cash flow components linked to returns represent an improvement above estimates derived
from other financial statement disclosures.
Net working capital, cash flow and performance of UK SMEs Godfred Adjappong Afrifa (2016) The
findings show that there is a significant concave relationship between net working capital and
performance when cash flow is absent; however, this relationship shifts to a convex relationship
when cash flow is introduced. take into account flow. The findings also demonstrate that although
enterprises with cash flow above the sample median exhibit more working capital investment, those
with cash flow below the sample median exhibit lower investment in working capital.
Destination-Based Cash Flow Taxation Alan J. Auerbach Michael P. Devereux Michael Keen John
Vella 2017 Its objective is expository it outlines the DBCFT, how it might operate, what implications
it would have, and some of the difficulties it might encounter in implementation. The study begins by
outlining the fundamental workings of the DBCFT before assessing it in light of five factors which is
a well-known issue under the VAT but has received less attention under the DBCFT, is then
thoroughly examined in the article.
3.1 VARIABLE DEFINITION AND DATA: the variable are used in this are the dependent was
company cash flow and independent was the company liquidity to measures the company cash flow.
3.2 PERIOD OF THE STUDY: Daily profit of each company are collected was 5 years 2012 to 2016
of telecom company.
3.3 LIST OF SELECTED COMPANIES FOR THE ANALYSIS: Five companies are selected are
Vodafone idea (vi), airtel, reliance, tata teleservices, den networks
3.4 HYPOTHESIS TESTING
H0:there is no significant relation between cashflow and company liquidity.
H1: there is a significant relation between cashflow and company liquidity.
Table 4.1 Descriptive Statistics of telecom company
CFFO CR E QR WCFO
Mean 848.94 615.116 691.092 614.744 435.762
Median 0.35 0.29 0.23 0.36 0.91
Maximum 10632 10424 10186 9670 9344
Minimum -7562 -7271 -6461 -7188 -7171
Standard Deviation 6480.703 6317.465 5982.975 5992.411 5869.075
Skewness 0.520644 0.747809 0.95059 0.516992 0.54933
Kurtosis 2.038372 2.300321 2.482563 2.111454 2.161673
BERA 2898.259 2825.256 2675.668 2679.888 2624.73
probability 0 0 0 0 0
Sum 4244.7 3075.58 3455.46 3073.72 2178.81
sum deviation 7142.959 5900.836 6131.128 5753.608 4803.54
observation 5 5 5 5 5
98
www.ijemr.in
Table 4.2 Correlations Matrixs for telecom company

CFFO CR E QR WCFO
WCFO 1 0.353071 0.38895 0.316217 0.318008
QR 0.353071 1 0.999096 0.998018 0.999265
E 0.38895 0.999096 1 0.994747 0.99676
CR 0.316217 0.998018 0.994747 1 0.999182
CFFO 0.318008 0.999265 0.99676 0.999182 1
INTERPRETATION
Descriptive statistics for the major variables under inquiry. It shows that the median earnings,
working capital derived from operations, cash flow derived from operations, current ratio, and quick
ratio all exhibit positive trends. The mean operating cash flow is greater than earnings in both
volume and volatility. The higher standard deviation indicates that operating cash flow is more
irregular than earnings. Due to the volatility of cash flows, which the accruals technique partially
smooths out, earnings may prove to be a more accurate predictor of future performance and cash
generating capacity.
The correlation matrix for the study's components is shown. Earnings are highly positively correlated
with operating cash flow and working capital from operations. Operating cash flow is significantly
positively correlated with working capital from operations, changes in the current ratio, quick ratio,
and cash conversion cycle. The Quick Ratio and Cash Conversion Cycle, on the other hand, are
inversely related. The Pearson correlation coefficients must be used with caution, though, as they are
unable to provide a reliable indicator of linkage that takes into account additional explanatory
variables.
V. CONCLUSION
Cash flow from operations can significantly explain the variation in the current and quick ratios in
this study, but it is unable to do so for the variation in the cash conversion cycle. discovered that
changes in cash flow from operations can considerably account for fluctuations in the current ratio
and cash conversion cycle, but not for variations in the quick ratio. Additionally, it was found that
there was a poor correlation between the current ratio and cash flows from operations. According to
him, higher current ratios but lower operating cash flows are the outcome of larger current assets
(cash uses) and smaller current liabilities (cash uses). The results of the study show a positive
correlation between current ratio and cash flows from activities.
REFERENCES
1. Mulenga, M., & Bhatia, M. (2017). The review of literature on the role of earnings, cash flows and
accruals in predicting of future cash flows. Accounting and finance Research, 6(2), 59-70
2. Lewellen, J., & Lewellen, K. (2016). Investment and cash flow: New evidence. Journal of
Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 51(4), 1135-1164.
3. Clinch, G., Sidhu, B., & Sin, S. (2002). The usefulness of direct and indirect cash flow
disclosures. Review of Accounting Studies, 7(4), 383-404.
4. Afrifa, G. A. (2016). Net working capital, cash flow and performance of UK SMEs. Review of
Accounting and Finance, 15(1), 21-44.
5. Auerbach, A. J., Devereux, M. P., Keen, M., & Vella, J. (2017). Destination-based cash flow
taxation.
99
www.ijemr.in
―A STUDY ON COMPARISON BETWEEN INVESTMENT IN EQUITY AND MUTUAL FUND‖

MS. KAVYA J, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Dr. Chandrasekhar Rao V, Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
ABSTRACT
Exposure to powerful the current essay is based on a comparison and analysis of stock investing in
terms of risk and return. In addition, the article compares and analyses the risk and return
characteristics of the mutual fund schemes. Studying relationships is the primary goal of this
research project. mutual funds and equity shares' risk and return using statistical measures like
(returns, alpha, beta, standard deviation, Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio and Jensen ratio). The analysis is
based on secondary information that was gathered from the websites of Money Control and the BSE.
The monthly closing prices of the corporations for the 3 years used in the research study. The top ten
firms by market cap in equity as of 2021 are chosen daily, and ten mutual funds are chosen
according to large cap/Blue-chip funds and Benchmark BSE Sensex. Due to investors' uncertainty in
making the best investment decisions, a study is necessary. Because investments are risky, investors
must take a few things into account before purchasing equity shares or mutual funds. According to the
study's findings, state bank of India, HSBC Mutual Fund had the best performance among the chosen
equity shares, and CanaraRobeco Blue-chip Equity Fund and Axis Blue-chip Fund had the best
performance among all examined funds during the most recent financial year, which was from 2020 to
2022.
keywords: Sensex; Amfiindia (AMFI); Blue-chip; Benchmark
I. INTRODUCTION
A stock market is a marketplace where investors can transact in financial assets like shares,
bonds, and derivatives. A facilitator of this transaction is the stock market. Shares can be bought and
sold thanks to this. The main investing options are stock exchanges. In India, there are mainly two
stock exchanges: the Association of mutual funds in India and the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)
(AMFI). The monthly closing prices of the corporations for the 3 years used in the research study.
According to the study's findings, state bank of India, HSBC Mutual Fund had the best
performance among the chosen equity shares, and CanaraRobeco Blue-chip Equity Fund and Axis
Blue-chip Fund had the best performance among all examined funds during the most recent
financial year, which was from 2020 to 2022. This research set out to contrast the stock market
and mutual funds. Both the study design and the survey method used secondary data.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: The study's objectives include assessing the risk, return, and
liquidity of various assets in various equity and mutual fund schemes, as well as raising investor
knowledge of these products. As a result, the title "Investor Pathways and Awareness: A
Comparative Study of Mutual Funds and Equity" was chosen.
 To determine the benefits of direct equity investment over mutual funds.

 To differentiate between equity risk and return with mutual fund return & risk.
 To compare equity investment with Equity linked mutual funds.
100
www.ijemr.in

SI Author Journal name Brief
no name
01 Dr. Mayur A Study of investors‘ Examined to how equity and mutual fund
Rao, Perceptions Toward investors perceive their investments. This study
Krupal mutual funds and contributes to our understanding of investors'
Patel, Equity Shares (2022) attitudes toward equity shares and mutual
Sanjay funds. The analysis' findings will clarify
Patel investors' perceptions of mutual funds and
equity, levels of satisfaction with those products,
and investment
goals.
02 Dr. Hasina Investment pattern The purpose of this study is to determine whether
Sayed, Dr. among Indians with investors prefer equity shares and mutual funds
Ruchi Dubey reference to mutual for their investing needs. It also examines the
Chaturvedi, funds & equity shares causal connection between an investor's
Vatsal shah (2016) thinking, expectations, and stock market
investment behaviour.
03 Aditi ‗An analysis of There are numerous ways for investors to invest
Pandey investment avenues their money, but it is crucial to seize the chance
in India: A that can yield the highest returns. As discussed
comparative analysis in the current paper, equity funds offer higher
of government returns than government securities, but they
benchmark returns alsocarry a higher level of risk. Because of this,
and equity mutual all businesses are underperforming.
funds in India (2021)
04 Dr.K. ‗A study on factors Concluded that the expenditure and investment,
Ayappan Influencing saving and investment, information use in
Investment of mutual investment decision-making, priority on
fund Investment in investment, investment avenues, perception
Thanjavur District towards investment, factors motivated to invest,
(2019)‘ personal and social status of investor,
investment preferences, investor knowledge
level, and investor problems have all been
analysed in this study as factors that affected
mutual fund investors and the investment
appreciation demonstrated by a number of
factors is a result
of mutual fund investors' perception.
05 Vinay ‗Performance analysis analysis and data presented above lead to the
Kumar of select conclusion that mutual funds are the best
equity mutual funds investment options, but only if held for a longer
in India (2019)‘ period. While short-term investments produced
very low or even negative returns, those made
over a longer period showed positive and above
average returns for the five mutual fund
schemes we selected.

3.1 DATA USED /COLLECTION: The data research sources are taken from STOCK prices -
BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange) ―https://www.bseindia.com‖ website and Net asset value (NAV)
―https://www.amfiindia.com‖ website. The subject of the data collection are India's top 10
equities shares and top 10 mutual funds for the last three years, according to market
capitalization. The Secondary data is used for analysing the data.
3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN: It is used to investigate a problem that has not yet been clearly
identified and has not yet been clarified. to assess the performance of equity capital and mutual fund
schemes in terms of risk, return, and liquidity.
101
www.ijemr.in
3.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: This study's goal was to assess the performance of the market
over the study period compared to a set of equity shares and mutual fund schemes. To evaluate
these programmes with the objectives, a risk and return comparison with the market has been
made. Under the current study, a variety of statistical and monetary measures are employed to
assess the success of several equity share and mutual fund strategies.
3.4 SAMPLING METHOD:
 Relative population: the Indian mutual fund industry and 30 BSE sensitivity index
companies.
 Sample size: The top 10 businesses in 10 AMC mutual funds, which are open ended equity
diversified direct funds with no preference for any industry or subject, stocks are chosen for
inclusion in the equity portfolios based on market capitalization from multiple sectors.
 Sample Technique: Based on the Nonprobability Sampling Technique-Judgmental Sampling,

the samples are chosen, and equity shares and mutual funds are chosen based on market
capitalization.
3.5 INSTRUMENT DESIGN: Standard deviation, Alpha, Beta, Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, Jensen's
Alpha.
3.6 DATA ANALYSIS:
 Statistical tool: Microsoft Excel
3.7 HYPOTHESIS:
 H0= The risk and return from an equity investment and a mutual fund are not significantly
different.
 H1= The risk and return from an equity investment and a mutual fund are significantly different.
ANOVA
Source Of Variation SS DF MS F P-value F crit
Rows 0.016038 9 0.001782 0.588877 0.778839 3.178893
Columns 0.000524 1 0.000524 0.17326 0.686981 5.117355
Error 0.027235 9 0.003026
Total 0.043798 19
Inference: The P value, which is Greater Than 0.05. may be calculated from the above table as
being 0.778839. I am fine with the null hypothesis therefore. It demonstrates how drastically
different the performance of stocks and mutual funds is.
3.8 LIMITATIONS:
1. Only 100 investors can participate in the trial.
2. Bangalore is the only city included in the study.
3. This study is limited to a ‗three-years‘ time frame.
4. Only a few mutual funds and stock options are included in this analysis.
102
www.ijemr.in

Table 4.1 Showing based on market value, the top ten businesses' equity risk-return
matrices for the year 2020-2022
Sl. Security name Return Sd Beta Sharpe Treynor Jensen’s
no. ratio ratio alpha
1 Reliance industries -0.10756 1.8577 0.98381 -0.14454 -0.17739 -0.00512
ltd
2 Tata consultancy -0.08258 1.5650 0.75333 -0.12648 -0.17378 -0.02023
services ltd
3 HDFC bank ltd -0.08366 1.7621 1.17289 -0.12264 -0.14223 0.05167
4 ITC ltd -0.08968 1.6220 0.57349 -0.13203 -0.20947 -0.05862
5 Hindustan unilever -0.01583 1.4841 0.52378 -0.06212 -0.14699 0.00658
ltd
6 Wipro ltd -0.08410 1.9064 0.80393 -0.12014 -0.16956 -0.01295
7 Infosys ltd -0.11928 1.7172 0.86409 -0.15929 -0.19879 -0.03767
8 State bank of India -0.14914 2.0922 1.23257 -0.18197 -0.20488 -0.00342
9 Kotak Mahindra -0.04457 1.9086 1.08598 -0.08056 -0.10783 0.07564
bank ltd
10 ICICI bank ltd -0.13085 2.1913 1.45447 -0.16220 -0.17808 0.05346
Source: https://www.bseindia.com
TABLE 4.2 Showing the risk-return matrix for the top ten corporations according to market
capitalization during 2020-2022
Sl. Security name Return Sd Beta Sharpe Treynor Jensen’s
no. ratio ratio alpha
1 ICICI Prudential -0.02113 0.1182 0.00582 -0.60199 -11.82430 -0.08882
mutual fund
2 Aditya Birla sun life -0.13011 1.1797 0.71843 -0.18834 -0.22574 -0.07384
mutual fund
3 Tata Mutual Fund -0.10992 1.0558 0.85094 -0.17499 -0.19065 -0.03059
4 HDFC Mutual Fund -0.15490 1.1633 0.68866 -0.21396 -0.25466 -0.10380
5 HSBC Mutual Fund -0.01535 0.0567 0.00117 -1.22567 -58.48200 -0.08384
6 SBI Mutual Fund -0.11015 1.1565 0.97835 -0.16955 -0.18037 -0.00866
7 Kotak Mahindra -0.02277 0.0682 0.00315 -1.02864 -21.79843 -0.09092
8 Canara Robeco -0.01782 0.1672 0.00112 -0.42851 -61.19897 -0.08633
Mutual Fund
9 DSP Mutual Fund -0.14724 1.0889 0.64534 -0.21033 -0.25369 -0.10368
10 Axis Mutual Fund -0.07546 1.0536 0.86244 -0.14066 -0.15511 0.00586
Source: https://www.amfiindia.com
INTERPRETATION: Table No. 4.1 and 4.2 above displays a summary of the company's equity
share and mutual funds statistics. In this companies demonstrates that the ratios for
higher than 1, indicating that the security's price tends to be more volatile than the market; in
contrast the ratios when less than 1, indicating that the security‘s price trends to be less volatile
than the market. The performance of a few selected stocks is using the Sharpe, Treynor, and
Jensen ratio. These ratios can now be used to rank the funds; the higher the ratio, the higher the
rank and the better the return.
V. CONCLUSION
Analysing the average return and risk of stocks and mutual funds is the study's goal. Among the
chosen equity shares, State Bank of India and ICICI Bank Ltd. had the greatest return. Canara
Robeco Mutual Fund and Axis Mutual Fund had the best performance among all examined funds
for the most recent financial year 2020–2022. In terms of returns and volatility, Treynor, ITC Ltd.,
and State Bank of India Equities Fund rank Infosys Ltd. Fund higher when investing in equity
funds. In Jensen's analysis, HDFC Bank Limited Fund obtained a higher rating in equities fund
investing in terms of returns and volatility than Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd. and ICICI Bank Ltd.
103
www.ijemr.in
Equity Funds. Some businesses can provide their investors with positive returns; the annualised
returns of HDFC Bank Ltd, Hindustan Unilever Ltd, Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd, and ICICI Bank Ltd
fund are all positive, and the investor receives a solid return. Equity share schemes were shown to
have higher risk and higher return, while mutual fund schemes had lower risk and lower return.
Although there is minimal fluctuation, the returns are positive, while other companies' average
returns are negative. The main goal of the study was to compare equity and mutual fund
companies' risk and return calculations. A reliable database's secondary data was acquired for
this. An overview of the data analysis and interpretation for this study is provided below: According
to the poll, a beginner investor wants to get the best returns on his investments, but it is also
essential to set aside time to learn about the stock market and keep an eye on it. Effective portfolio
management also requires extensive research and knowledge. Mutual funds have less risk than the
stock market, despite their vulnerability to market risk. Fund managers frequently use Treynor's,
Sharpe's, and Jensen's alpha performance evaluation measurement ratios to decide which
investments to make and how to diversify portfolios.
REFERENCES:
 Dr. Hasina sayed, d. R. (2016). Investment pattern among indians with reference investment
pattern among indians with reference. © podar prabodhan, pp: 110-120. Vol. 4, ISSN: 2454-6739.
 Dr.k.ayappan. (july 2019). A study on factors influencing investment of mutual fund investment in
thanjavur district. Cikitusi journal for multidisciplinary research, pp:1-
9. ISSN no: 0975-6876, volume 6, issue 7.
 Dr.mayur rao, k. P. (january 2022). A study of investors perception towards mutual fund and equity
share. International journal of research publication and reviews, 1371-1375, Vol 3, no 1.
 Kumar, v. ( may 2019). Performance analysis of select equity mutual funds in india. Research
review international journal of multidisciplinary www.rrjournals.com[ugc listed journal], pp:1476-1479.
Volume-04 ISSN: 2455-3085 (online) issue-05.
 Pandey, a. (8(2) 2021). An analysis of investment avenues in india: a comparative analysis of

government benchmark returns and equity mutual funds in india. International journal of social
sciences arts & humanities international journal of social sciences arts & humanities, pp:53-63, Vol. 8,
No. 2.
104
www.ijemr.in
THE STUDY OF WOKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON WIPRO LTD

Mr. Mahesh C, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Prof. Chandrashekar Rao, Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
ABSTRACT
Working Capital is required for carrying out day to day business operations. Proper management of
working capital is essential to a company’s fundamental financial health and operational success as a
business. A hallmark of good business management is the ability to utilize working capital
management to maintain a balance between growth, profitability and liquidity. The Project titled ‘A
Study of Working Capital Management on Wipro ltd’ aims to study the various aspects of Working
Capital Management. The period considered for the study is five years i.e., from FY 2017-18 to 2021-
22. The research methodology adopted for this study is secondary data which include annual reports
and other proprietary reports of Wipro ltd’. This project tries to evaluate how the management of
working capital is done through Intra Firm Ratio Analysis. The study of working capital management
has shown that Wipro ltd’ has a fairly strong working capital position. The Company is enjoying
reasonable profits.
KEYWORDS: CURRENT RATIO, QUICK RATIO, WORKING CAPITAL, COMPONENTS OF WORKING
CAPITAL, EFFICENCY RATIO, PROFITABILITY RATIO.
I. INTRODUCTION:
The core roles in financial management are the management of capital, sometimes known as working
capital. The term "working capital" refers to the cash on hand utilized for a firm day- to-day
operation. It comprises mostly of that portion of a assets that are related to or used in running its
current operations. It is crucial to maintain sufficient working capital to support a company's
capacity to finance operations. Looking at a firm's working capital in the amount required by the
company to finance its daily demands is a solid approach to assess its chances for cash flow. It
involves analysing the connection between a firm's present assets and its ability to function. The
following are the types of working capital:
COMPONENTS OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT:
1. Cash and cash equivalents: These comprise of Money market account, Certificate of Deposit,
Treasury Bill, Exchange-traded fund.
2. Accounts Receivable: They include money that is still owed to your company that hasn't been
paid or checks that have been written but never cashed.
3. Inventory: Some businesses sell tangible goods that they must purchase and store before
providing them to customers.
4. Accounts Payable: Supplier or vendor invoices: Amounts due to suppliers for goods and services
received are included in AP.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:
 To study and analyse the working capital concept.

 To examine the working capital components.
 To study various working capital ratios.
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
Many previous researches have indicated the relations between working capital management and
profitability of a company in different environments. In literature, Mr. Ambade Shubham, Arun (A.Y
2020-2021), they have used ratio analysis and comparison analysis to investigate the idea of working
capital. The companies report a belief that no trade-off exists but the actual performance indicate
varying results regarding whether or not revenues are grown in a justifiable proportion to increases
in NWC. Laxmi Gajanan Thakur, Prof. Geeta Naidu (2020- 21). Sorin Gabriel Anton and Anca Elena
Afloarei Nucu (25-Dec-20), reducing unnecessary working capital releases unnecessary cash invested
to fund daily operating activities and increases the firm's financial flexibility.
105
www.ijemr.in
Tran Van Haia, Pham Huy Hung b, Le Van Vien c, Nguyen Duc Duong d (Jul-21), securities
businesses want to boost working capital while also reducing the time it takes to collect receivables,
therefore managers should put the following strategies into practice. Ms. Divya Shriprakash Soman
(2020-21), The study uses intra-firm ratio analysis and comparative financial statement analysis and
concluded that the company's profitability had risen over time, it is in a good position, had a balance
between liquidity and profitability. Miss. Kumthekar Rupali Balkrishna (2020-21), The research uses
statistical techniques, such as tables, graphs, charts, and diagrams and concluded working capital
of the firms was properly managed.
III. DATA AND METHODOLOGY:
The study's based on empirical research and Quantitative description method. Basic random
sampling involves selecting a portion of the population at random. Instruments used liquidity ratio,
current ratio, quick ratio, efficiency ratio, profitability ratios.
HYPOTHESES:
H1: NULL HYPOTHESIS (𝑯𝟎𝟏): There is a significant management of working capital in Wipro LTD.
ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS (𝑯𝑨𝟏): There is insignificant management of working capital in Wipro
LTD.
H 2: NULL HYPOTHESIS (𝑯𝟎𝟐): There is a significant influence of components of the working capital
towards the management of working capital in the company.
ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS (𝑯𝑨𝟐): There is insignificant influence of components of the working
capital towards the management of working capital in the company.
IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS:
1. CURRENT RATIO: As seen in the Figure 1 below, the firm has excellent liquidity according to the
conventional ratio of 2:1 because its current ratio is better than 1, which denotes that it can meet its
debt commitments.
2. QUICK RATIO: The company has a ratio of 1 throughout all years as shown in figure 2. A
corporation with a quick ratio of 1 will be able to immediately pay off all of its current liabilities.
WORKING CAPITAL COMPONETS: 1.INVENTORY (Figure 4)
2. TRADE RECEIVABLES (Figure 5)
3. TRADE PAYABLES (Figure 6)
4. CASH AND CAH EQUIVALENTS (Figure 7)
Figure:1 Figure:2
CURRENT RATIO QUICK RATIO

4.00 3.30 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2.86 2.96 2.78
Current ratio
3.00 2.50 2.23 1.00 1.00 1.00

RATIO
2.00 1.00
0.99
0.99
1.00 0.99
0.00 0.99
YEAR YEAR
3. COMPARISION OF CURRENT ASSET AND CURRENT LIABILITIES: Since the company's

current assets are greater than its current liabilities as presented in figure 3, it has positive working
capital. If a corporation has enough working capital, it can pay all of its short- term obligations when
they fall due during the course of the following year.
106
www.ijemr.in
Figure 3
COMPARISION OF CURRENT ASSETS AND

CURRENT LIABILITY
AMOUNT IN CRORES
600,000 487,271 477,304 517,722

429,673 457,133 453,795
400,000 231737
138,399 150,359 161,446 164,438 181,324
200,000
0
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
YEAR
Current Asset Current liability
B. EFFICIENCY RATIO:
1. WORKING CAPITAL TURNOVER RATIO: In the figure 8 demonstrates how the ratio is
continually changing. A high turnover ratio shows that management is making excellent use of the
short / medium assets and liabilities to boost sales.
2. INVENTORY TURNOVER RATIO: (Figure 9) The ratio has been rising at an increasing pace over
time. This may indicate a solid inventory or sales strategy, which might result in increased profit and
liquidity.
3. TRADE RECEIVABLES TURNOVER RATIO: (Figure 10) The greatest ratio among the previous
years was 68.38 in 2016–17, however this ratio has been declining. A high percentage is preferred
since it shows how well the business collects receivables.
4. TRADE PAYABLES TURNOVER RATIO:(Figure 11) The firm may not be effectively managing its
debt and cash flow if the ratio of accounts payable turnover is declining.
C. PROFITABILITY RATIO:
1. GROSS PROFIT RATIO:(Figure 12) The graph of the gross margin ratio demonstrates a change in
earnings. A greater profit ratio is advantageous since it shows that the business can pay all costs
and make a profit.
2. NET PROFIT RATIO:(Figure 13) Over time, the Net Profit Ratio has fallen. A corporation with a
large net profit margin is able to successfully manage its costs and/or offer products or services for a
price that is much greater than its costs. Therefore, effective management, reduced expenditures and
expenses, or effective pricing tactics can all lead to high ratios and vice versa.
Figure 4 Figure 5
INVENTORY
TURNOVER
RATIO
800.0
0 730.
700.0 97
RATIO
0
600.0 261.41526.42
0 191.63196.00
136.1
500.0 5
0
400.0
0
300.0
0 YEA
200.0 R
0
100.0 107
0 www.ijemr.in
0.00
Inventory Trade Receivables

875 81,299
1703 92,954
910
80462
616
95,020
1,741
104,474
3,403 100,489
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Figure 6 Figure 7
Trade Payables Cash and Cash equivalents

5,970 4898135,166
38,186 97,832 23,220
58,400
41,762
158,529
144,499
62,660
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Figure 8 Figure 9
TRADE RECEIVABLES TRADE PAYABLE RATIO

RATIO 0.6
0.5
68.38 0.5
80.00
52.97 0.4 0.3
60.00 47.63 0.2
40.57
RATIO
34.28 34.98 0.3

40.00 0.2
0.2 0.1 0.1
20.00 0.1
0.00 0.0
Figure 10 Figure 11
108
www.ijemr.in
Figure 12 Figure 13
Gross Profit Ratio Net Profit Ratio

35.6 36.0 36.6 35.2
40.0 19.0 17.9
31.0 29.4 17.3
18.0 17.2
30.0
17.0
RATIO
RATIO
15.9 15.6
20.0 16.0 14.9
15.0
10.0
14.0
0.0 13.0
V. CONCLUSION:
The project report was to analysis the working capital management of Wipro LTD. The ratios are
satisfactory and all the ratios meet the standard but it is found that in previous year there is a
decrease in net profit ratio. Based on the analysis, we can conclude that company has a positive
working capital management and company is financially sound.
REFERENCES:
 Mr. Ambade Shubham, Arun, (A.Y 2020-2021), ―The study of working capital management with
ratio analysis‖, ―Mula education society art‘s commerce &science college, Sonia‖.
 Hagberg, Niklas, Johansson, Viktor, (2014), ―A study about how Swedish companies manage
working capital in relation to revenue growth over time‖, ―Uppsala University‖.
 Laxmi Gajanan Thakur, Prof.Geeta Naidu, (2020-21), ――A Study on Working Capital Management‖,
―Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur‖.
 Ms. Divya Shriprakash Soman, (2020-2021, ―A study of working capital management in Kirloskar
brothers limited‖, ―Savitribai Phule pune university, Pune‖.
 Miss. Kumthekar Rupali Balkrishna, (2020-21), ―A study of study of the working capital with
special reference to man mandir milk and agro products pvt. ltd, vita.‘‘, ―Balwant college, Vita‖.
 Ahmed Taher Kadhim, (2010 -2011), ―A study of working capital management of large company‖,
―Symbiosis society‘s college of art and commerce pune -41104‖.
 Vannem Gayathri, Dr.CH.Praveen Kumar, (2019), ―A study on working capital management with
reference to emami limited‖, ―Journal of Engineering science‖, ―Vol 10, Issue9, no:0377-9254‖.
 Sukhmani Bhatia, Navdeep Barwal, (Jun-15), ―Study of efficiency of working capital management
practices and the effect on the profitability of the firm: a study of real estate sector of India‖, ―Indian
Journal of Accounting‖, ―Vol XLVII (1), ISSN0972-1479‖.
 Asghar Ali & Syed Atif Ali, (2012), ―Working Capital Management: Is It Really Affects the
Profitability? Evidence from Pakistan‖, ―Global Journal of Management and Business Research‖,
―Volume 12 Issue 17 Version, 2249-4588‖.
 Angelique Nadia Sweetman McInnes, (2000), ―Working capital management: theory and evidence
from New Zealand listed limited liability companies‖, ―Lincoln University Digital Thesis‖.
 Mian Sajid Nazir and Talat Afza, ―Impact of Aggressive Working Capital Management Policy on
Firms‘ Profitability‖, ―The IUP Journal of Applied Finance‖, ―Vol. 15, No. 8‖.
 Haitham Nobanee, (2009), ―Working capital management and its impact on financial performance:
an analysis of trading firms‖, ―SSRN Electronic Journal‖.
 Rathiranee Yogendra rajah, Sangeetha Thanabalasingam, (2011), ―Working capital management
and its impact on financial performance: an analysis of trading firms‖.
 A.N. Hingurala Arachchi, Wasantha Perera, Ratnam Vijayakumaran, (24-Dec-17, ―The Impact of
Working Capital Management on Firm Value: Evidence from a Frontier Market‖, ―ISSN 1946-052X
2017, Vol. 9, No. 2‖.
109
www.ijemr.in
 Nguyen Thi Thanh Phuonga and Dang Ngoc Hungb, (February 27 2020), ―Impact of working
capital management on firm profitability: Empirical study in Vietnam‖, ―Growing Science, Canada‖.
 Tran Viet Hoang1, (2015), ―Impact of working capital management on firm profitability: the case of
listed manufacturing firms on Ho chi minh stock exchange‖, ―Asian Economic and Financial Review‖,
―ISSN(e): 2222-6737/ISSN(p): 2305-2147‖.
 Öğr. Gör. Dr. Mehtap ÖNER, (2016), ―The Impact of Working Capital Management on Firm
Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Borsa Istanbul‖, ―Research Journal of Politics, Economics and
Management, 2016‖, ―, Year:4, Volume:4, Issue:3‖.
 David M. Mathuva, (2010), ―The Influence of Working Capital Management Components on
Corporate Profitability: A Survey on Kenyan Listed Firms‖, ―Research Journal of Business
Management 4‖, ―ISSN 1819-1932‖.
 Muhammad Usman, Sarfaraz Ahmed shaikh, and Sahbaz khan, ―Impact of working capital
management on firm profitability: evidence from Scandinavian countries‖, ―Journal of Business
Strategies‖, ―Vol.11, No.1, 2017, pp 99–112‖.
 Sorin Gabriel Anton and Anca Elena Afloarei Nucu, (25-Dec-20), ―The Impact of Working Capital
Management on Firm Profitability: Empirical Evidence from the Polish Listed Firms‖, ―Journal of Risk
and Financial Management‖.
 Tran Van Haia, Pham Huy Hung b, Le Van Vien c, Nguyen Duc Duong d, ―Jul21‖, ―The impact of
working capital management on the performance of securities companies A case study in Vietnam‖,
―Volume 12, Issue 7,2869-2877‖.
 Marc Deloof, (April/May 2003), ―Does Working Capital Management Affect Profitability of Belgian
Firms?‖, ―Journal of Business Finance & Accounting‖, ―30(3) & (4), April/May 2003,0306-686X‖.
 Kafeel1, Javed Ali2, Maaz Ud Din3, Abdul Waris4, Muhammad Tahir5, Sher Khan6*, (24- Dec-
20), ―Working Capital Management and Firms‘ Profitability: Dynamic Panel Data Analysis of
Manufactured Firms‖, ―Journal of Financial Risk Management‖, ―ISSN Online: 2167-9541‖
 Kesseven Padachi*, (Oct-06), ―Trends in Working Capital Management and its Impact on Firms‘
Performance: An Analysis of Mauritian Small Manufacturing Firms‖, ―International Review of
Business Research Papers‖, ―Vo.2 No. 2. October 2006, Pp. 45 -58‖.
 Dr. Arega Seyoum1, Tadele Tesfay2, Tadesse Kassahun, (Jun-16), ―This study has shown that the
paper and printing industry has been able to achieve high scores on the various components of
working capital and this has positively impact on its profitability. On this premise this industry may
be referred as the ‗hidden champions‘ and could thus be used as best practice among the SMEs.‖,
―International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications‖, ―Volume 6, Issue 6, June 2016 815
ISSN 2250-3153‖
110
www.ijemr.in
―COMPARATIVE STUDY ON RISK AND RETURN OF SELECTED SMALL &MID CAP COMPANIES
SHARES‖
Mr .Naveena N, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Dr Chandrasekhar Rao V , Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
ABSTRACT
The risk associated with stock investing varies based on the firm in question, the sector it operates in,
and the state of the market as a whole. We will examine and contrast the numerous hazards
associated with stock investing in this comparative research.Business Risk The primary risk is the
likelihood that a company will perform poorly, which will cause a drop in the value of its stock. This
may occur for a number of reasons, including subpar management, intense competition, shifting market
dynamics, or economic downturns.
INTRODUCTION
Risk is the likelihood that the actual returns on an investment or event will differ from those
anticipated in the financial world. Risk includes the potential to lose all or part of an initial
investment. Usually, risk is measured by taking into account prior actions and results. The standard
deviation is one prominent risk indicator used in finance. The standard deviation determines how
volatile asset values were in relation to their historical averages over a specific time period. Overall,
when one is knowledgeable about the principles of risk and how it is measured, minimising investing
risks is both feasible and prudent. All parties would benefit from learning about the threats that can
materialise in diverse situations and how to address them comprehensively. There are risks and
rewards associated with each saving and investment decision. In general, The two forms of
investment hazards that have an impact on asset values are systematic risk and unsystematic risk,
according to financial theory. Investors typically have to deal with both systematic and random risks.
In the stock market, risk and return are strongly correlated. The greater the risk, generally, The
greater the return, the Financial risk management is the act of recognizing and evaluating risk,
followed by the development of methods to control and minimize it while maximizing profits. Every
investment carries some level of risk, and an investor needs to be fairly compensated in order to take
this risk. The risk premium, commonly referred to as the premium, is how this compensation is
provided. Therefore, risk is essential to stock markets and trading since rewards are impossible
without risk. Successful investors employ stock market risk management techniques to minimize
risk and maximize return.
A stock market trade is the transfer of a stock or security from a seller to a buyer (in exchange for
cash). This necessitates a price agreement between the two parties. Equities (stocks or shares) are a
kind of ownership in a business
 To know the risks and returns involved in investments in selected small cap and mid cap
companies.
 To compare performance of a sample of organisations' risk and return
111
www.ijemr.in
SL Author name Journal name Brief
No
1 Yi-Ming Tai. Will Stock Investors Use The goal of this study is to look into the
Yi-Cheng Ku Mobile Stock Trading? A factors that influence stock investors'
Benefit-Risk Assessment decision to use mobile stock trading. A
Based On A Modified Utaut thorough research model was suggested
Mode based on a modified UTAUT (unified
theory of acceptance and application of
technology) incorporating risk
perceptions. a valid sample of 329 stocks
was used in an empirical study
2 Phung Thai Perceived Risk, Investment The study first developed new
Minh Trang, Performance and Intentions in measurement scales for measuring risk
Nguyen Huu Emerging Stock Markets perception when investing in the
different stock kinds traded on the
developing stock market, and then it
investigated how perceived risk affected
individual investors' investment
performance and intentions
3 Mehdi Financial Performance of The current study looks at how Bursa
Sadeghi Shariah Compliant Investmen Malaysia's implementation of a Shariah-
compliant Index (SI) has affected the
performance and liquidity of the shares
it has included.
4 Kofand Anwar Factors Affecting Stock The goal of this study is to investigate
Exchange Investment In the variables influencing stock exchange
Kurdistan investment in Kurdistan, namely in
Erbil. The development of an economy in
a developing country can also benefit
from these markets
5 Sheridan Capital Investments And aim to identify the Following a significant
Titman K.C. Stock Returns rise in capital investments, companies
John Wei experience negative benchmark-adjusted
Feixue Xie returns. The negative abnormal capital
investment/return relationship is
demonstrated to be more pronounced for
companies with greater investment
discretion.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Study Type : Descriptive study
Sampling Method: Random selection of companies from small cap and mid cap sectors
Data Type: Secondary data collected from different web sites and company sites. Closing prices of
selected shares is collected for study purpose.
Period of Data: From year 2020 to 2022
Tools and Techniques: Returns are calculated along with risk. Regression and correlation are used
for testing
HYPOTHESIS
H0: There is no significant difference in returns of small cap and mid cp companies to investors
Ha1 : There is a significant difference in returns of small cap and mid cp companies to investors
H01: There is no significant difference in risks in investment of small cap and mid cp companies to
investors
112
www.ijemr.in
Ha2 : There is a significant difference in risks in investment of small cap and mid cp companies to
investors
Ashok Leyland -0.030671493
Sundaram 0.017689
Canara 0.047812082
Abb 0.024949219
Bhel 0.051519537
Maharastra bank 0.029062339
Idfc -0.003886947
Apollo 0.010501659
Pvr 0.051519537
Manapuram 0.041445716
The overall regression table

SUMMARY OUTPUT
R Square 0.000583979
Adjusted R
Square -0.000930288
Observations 662
ANOVA
Significance
df SS MS F F
Regression 1 426.7664 426.7664 0.385651 0.534809
Residual 660 730364.5 1106.613
Total 661 730791.2
CORREALTION
Standard Upper Lower Upper
Coefficients Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% 95% 95.0% 95.0%
Intercept 112.7912908 1.29873 86.84735 0 110.2411 115.3414 110.2411 115.3414
X Variable 1 -31.13984045 50.14401 -0.62101 0.534809 -129.601 67.32118 -129.601 67.32118
Conclusion:
The study examined the relationship between investing success and intentions in the Indian stock
market and perceived risk. The study found that perceived risk had an impact on investment
intentions both directly and indirectly. with a higher level of perceived risk leading to more
investment decisions or intentions. Experts argued that high-risk stock investments were still
preferable to betting or buying lottery tickets while the outcome was still solely determined by
chance. However, investors should divide their total before making an investment.
References:
A2, D. M. (2021). Salaried Vs. Self-Employed: A Study On The Factors Influencing Investment
Patterns. 01, 8.
Aggarwal, D. M. (2017). Investment behaviour of Working Women---A Study of Ludhiana district in
Punjab. International journal Of Business Management, 03(01), 07.
Anwar, K. (2017). Factors Affecting Stock Exchange Investment Kurdistan. The International Journal
of Accounting and Business Society, 25, 6.
Debasish, S. S. (2009). Investigating Performance of Equity-based Mutual Fund Schemes in Indian
Scenario. KCA Journal of Business Management, 02(02), 15.
Croce, B. G. (2013). Pension Fund Investment in Infrastructure:A Comparison between Australia and
Canada. 06, 53.
113
www.ijemr.in
A STUDY ON CREDIT RATING AGENCIES AND ITS IMPACT ON INVESTMENT DECISIONS

Ms. Rakshitha N, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Prof. V Chandrasekar Rao, Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
ABSTRACT
Credit rating agencies (CRAs) are essential in minimizing information asymmetry between participants
for lenders, investors, and issuers in the financial markets. Credit rating informs us of a country's
population's capacity for borrowing money. There would be more new businesses when all the
investors are regarded favorably. The study's objective is to understand credit rating agencies, their
rating procedure, how credit rating impacts investor decisions, and awareness of credit rating agencies
among investors. By evaluating the borrowers' creditworthiness, credit rating organizations were
established to help investors make investment decisions. The study considered investor opinions
through primary data. Statistical analysis like correlation, chi-square, and regression has been
computed with the help of Jamovi and SPSS software. Finally, the study concluded that credit rating
agencies positively impact investment decisions and investors are aware of the credit rating agencies.
I. INTRODUCTION
Due to growing activity in the Indian fintech markets, new enterprises choose established and new
enterprises choose capital market funding in the post-reform era. Corporations create new
instruments to get investors to invest in their issues. In addition, investors no longer judge
borrowers' creditworthiness based on their names or scale. By evaluating the creditworthiness of the
debtors, credit rating organizations have established their presence to assist investors in their
investment strategies. A borrower's credit quality is evaluated through their credit rating. Credit
ratings are merely a current indicator of the perceived ability of a borrowing company to pay off its
debt commitments over the course of a specific time period and specifically with reference to the
document being assessed. A greater credit rating suggests that the firm or organization is more likely
to pay back the acquired funds because a credit score is an appraisal of a borrower's ability to repay.
The rating symbols would be AAA, BBB, BA, D, etc. The Competence and commitment of a
government, a business, or an individual organization to meet its financial obligations in full and by
the stated due dates is the subject of a credit rating from a specific institution known as a credit
rating agency. An individual investor finds learning about a company's creditworthiness very
challenging because he lacks the time and expertise to conduct a risk analysis. Every investor wants
to make sure that their money is safe, therefore this might be challenging. Credit rating agencies
examine the company's financial standing before determining the risk of investing in different types
of instruments.
THE OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
To Study investors' knowledge of credit rating firms and how they operate.
To Study the impact of credit ratings on equities market investors.
B. charumathi and Mangaiyarkarasi Thiagarajan (2017) evaluate the competition of six credit
rating agencies namely, CRISIL, CARE, India credit rating and research, Brickwork rating, SMERA
Ratings Limited, and ICRA. The services they provide are rating services, advisory services, and
research services. CRISIL, ICRA, and CARE have more market share in India with 41.10%, 18.69%,
and 24.82% respectively. In the market share as per outstanding securities, CRISIL stands top with
32%. A study of competition and its impact on the credit rating industry is essential for a smooth
functioning capital market.
Ramdas Lad (2019) reviews the character, structure, performance, and functions of CRAs in India
mainly CRISIL, CARE, ICRA, AND fitch. The researcher states various processes adopted by the
above four CRAs for rating the credibility of the company and also the grades given y each of them in
Page 28 of 80 terms of safety to the investors. The researcher also states the various limitations of
CRAs and states there should be internal guidelines and they should be answerable for the rating
they give.
114
www.ijemr.in
Rajesh Mamilla, Mehul Mehta, Abhijay Shukla, and Piyush Agarwal (2019) analyze the variables
like inflation rates, GDP, and exchange rates, and their impact on the credit rating of the company.
The data collected is through secondary sources from the balance sheet 2012-2016. The analysis
was conducted through measures of central tendency and descriptive statistics. It examines the
fluctuation in economic factors which would affect the credit rating and insights regarding how to
avoid downgrading of rating due to economic factors.
Dr. V. Venu Madhav (2021) review the factors which are responsible for credit risk. The researcher
focuses on the literature review by understanding the CRAs and how they help in the economic
development of the country. Based on different literature they concluded that if the credit history of
an individual is good, he would be having a good credit score which would have a positive impact on
the credit rating.
Prof. Ramesh N. Kamble (2012) aims to study the financial performance of the Indian CRAs with
respect to indicators such as revenue, profit after tax, market capitalization, workers, dividends, and
net worth. The data used in the research is the company balance sheet and the statistical method
ANOVA is used to know the relationship between them and revealed that it has a positive
significance of indicators and concluded that it is the rating factor the investors would consider in
order to make right decisions to invest which are rated by the rating agencies.
The present study is analytical and descriptive in nature with the objective of studying investor‘s
knowledge about credit rating agencies and their impact on equity market investors. The data used
for the study is primary data which was collected from the equity investors through a standardized
questionnaire. A sample of 100 responses has been taken for the study. The statistical analysis
performed is ci-square, correlation, and regression. The software used for the analysis is Jamovi and
SPSS.
4.1 H01: There is no significant influence of credit rating agencies on investment decisions.
H01: There is a significant influence of credit rating agencies on investment decisions.
4.1.1 Chi-square
Value df p
χ² 92.7 12 < .001

N 103
4.1.2 Correlation Matrix
When deciding the investment product to

make long-term and short term
investments, I consider credit ratings
I believe credit rating agencies play

an important role in my investing Pearson's r 0.638
decisions.
p-value < .001
4.1.3 Regression analysis

Predictor Estimate SE t P
Intercept 0.848 0.390 2.18 0.032

When deciding the investment product to make long-term
0.858 0.103 8.32 < .001
and short-term investments, I consider credit ratings
115
www.ijemr.in
Interpretation: Since, the P value in chi-square, correlation, and regression is less than 0.001
which is less than 0.05 (0.001<0.05) we reject H0 and accept H1 saying that credit rating agencies
influence the investors in their investing decisions.
4.2 H02: There is no significant awareness of the credit agencies among the investors.
H02: There is significant awareness of the credit agencies among the investors
4.2.1 Chi-square
Value Df p
χ² 51.6 16 < .001
N 103
4.2.2 Correlation Analysis
Which statement best describes your

knowledge of Credit rating agencies
I use sources like newspapers,

company websites, or credit rating
Pearson's
agencies website for information 0.538
r
on credit ratings towards changes
in ratings.
p-value < .001
4.2.3 Regression analysis
Predictor Estimate SE t P
Intercept 1.318 0.3315 3.98 < .001
I use sources like newspapers,

company websites, or credit rating
agencies‘ website for information on 0.571 0.0890 6.42 < .001
credit ratings towards changes in
ratings.
Interpretation: Since, the P value in chi-square, correlation, and regression is less than 0.001 which
is less than 0.05 (0.001<0.05) we reject H0 and accept H1 saying that there is significant awareness
of the credit agencies among the investors.
V. CONCLUSION
An approved competent authority's credit rating provides a birds-eye perspective of an organization's
and its instruments' financial strength. The three major foreign rating agencies, S&P, Moody's, and
Fitch, which have large stakes in ICRA, India Rating, and CRISIL, respectively, have an impact on
the Indian rating sector. The results state that most of the equity investors in the study are aware of
credit rating agencies and credit rating agencies have a positive influence among investors in
investment decisions. Investors may take reasonable risks and make sound investing selections.
Credit ratings assist market regulators in fostering market stability and efficiency. Ratings improve
market efficiency and transparency.
116
www.ijemr.in
REFERENCES
Balakrishnan, C. (2017). Study of Competition among Credit Rating Agencies in India. Charumathi,
B., and Mangaiyarkarasi.
Ramdas Lad (2019), ―Credit Rating Agencies in India‖, AJANTA Journal, VOLUME- VIII, ISSUE – 1,
PP. 18-29, ISSN2277 – 5730.
Mamilla, R., Mehta, M., Shukla, A., & Agarwal, P. (2019). A study on economic factors affecting
credit ratings of Indian companies. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 16(2), 326-
335.
Madhav, V. V. (2021). An Empirical Study On Impact Of Credit Rating On Credit Risk Of Banks: A
Literature Review. Indian Journal of Finance and Banking, 7(1), 31-37.
Prof. Ramesh N. Kamble (2012), ―A Study on The Financial Performance Of Credit Rating Agencies In
India‖, Indian Streams Research Journal, Vol -2 , ISSUE –7, PP.1-7, ISSN:-2230-7850.
117
www.ijemr.in
A CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON UNDERSTANDING THE SIGNIFICANT IMPACT OF COLOUR

PSYCHOLOGY IN MARKETING AND BRANDING
Mr. Nandan. V, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Dr. Neena Prasad, Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of Technology,
ABSTRACT : This conceptual study investigates the important role that color psychology plays in
branding and marketing. Due to its ability to affect emotions, perceptions, and purchasing decisions,
color plays a significant role in consumer behavior. In order to build a strong brand identity and
establish a connection with target audiences, the study looks at how different colors are linked to
particular emotions and how they can be used strategically in marketing and branding. This study
emphasizes the significance of comprehending color psychology in marketing and branding through
a thorough review of the literature in the field. It also offers suggestions and insights for how
marketers can use color to enhance brand perception and affect consumer behavior.
INTRODUCTION: Color psychology is the study of how tones may affect how people behave. Color
affects sensations that are not immediately apparent, such as the flavour of food. Certain aspects of
colour may influence people's emotions. The impact of colour may vary depending on an individual's
age, gender, and culture. For example, heterosexual males often assert that women who wear red
clothing seem more appealing, but heterosexual women typically dispute the idea that a man's
attractiveness may be affected by his clothing. Color psychology has been supported by a large body
of research examining the effects of colours on mood, behaviour, cognition, and mental processes.
The colour of anything has a big influence on people's purchasing decisions. Customers often
establish an initial judgement of a product within 90 seconds of engaging with it, and 62–90% of that
view is dependent on the colour of the product. The logo of a brand or business is typically seen as a
representation of that brand or business. Even without any previous exposure, we start to identify a
brand with certain attributes depending on the main colour of the logo.
 To study the significant impact of Colour psychology in marketing environment.

 To study the Colour psychology and its importance in brand recognitions.
 To know the customer Colour psychology towards their purchasing of products
118
www.ijemr.in
REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
SL Author Journal name Brief
NO name
1 Behzad ―The art of " It would be beneficial to conduct more research

Mohebi packaging: An on the subject of packaging colour specifically on
investigation into colour aesthetics colour communication or
the role of colour in meanings expressed by colours colour attention
packaging, colour properties and the interactions between
marketing, and various colour roles and functions in various
branding‖ contexts and cultures. Future research should
also look at how cool, warm, dim, and bright
colours affect product sales, Singh (2006) notes.
Future research should focus on the impact of
cool, warm, dim, and bright colours on the sale
of products.
2 Dr. Sajid ―Colour Psychology in They hold that colour preferences differ between
Rehman Marketing‖ people between cultures between genders and
Khattak between age groups. To gain a competitive edge
marketing managers should be aware of consumer
preferences and choose those colours. Store walls
and product packaging colours can draw
customers in and significantly boost sales.
Managers should research the colours of the
products before launching new ones.
3 Paul A. ―The interactive The initial study found that colours that have
Bottomley effects of colours and similar connotations to products are viewed as
Cardiff products on more appropriate. Particularly sensory-social
perceptions of brand colours are better suited for products with a social
logo appropriateness‖ component while functional colours are better
suited for products with a functional component.
This idea was supported even by blue which was
the least functional of our set of functional colours
and red which was the least sensory-social of our
set of sensory-social colours.
4 J Suresh ―The Psychology of Marketers and business people spend enough
Kumar Colour Influences time choosing colours that are representative of
Consumers the company‘s values and the tastes ofthe target
Buying Behaviour market. Increased sales brand recognition and
-A Diagnostic customer loyalty are the benefits of doing this.
Study‖ Branding product packaging and consumer All
forms of awareness operate according to various
psychological concepts. When trying to maximise
success colour is very important.
5 Anthony ―Exploring the Lets summarise by going over the idea that
Grimes Relationships building brand awareness and image is a
Between Colour and prerequisite for building brand equity once more.
International In this essay we have seen how colour may be
Branding: A Cross particularly potent in establishing brand identity
Cultural Comparison and awareness but plays a much less significant
of the UK and role in establishing brand image. Colour
Taiwan‖ associations have been observed to be strikingly
similar across national boundaries throughout this
study suggesting that standardisation across
international markets is both possible and
desirable and that at least in the case of colour the
case for adaptation is weak.
119
www.ijemr.in

Study type : Exploratory Research
An approach to methodology called exploratory research looks into unanswered
research questions
Data Collection method : primary data (Survey)
First-hand knowledge was obtained through direct observation, personal interviews
with respondents' former employees, or other methods of data collection
Hypothesis test
Hypothesis 1
H0: the customer Colour psychology towards their purchasing of products 
H1: the customer Colour psychology towards their not purchasing of products
Consumer purchase products in their favourite colour only
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid 1 52 52.0 52.0 52.0
2 48 48.0 48.0 100.0
Total 100 100.0 100.0
Mean 2.53
Median 3
Mode 3
Standard
Deviation 1.20985
Sample
Variance 1.463737
Kurtosis -0.73569
Skewness 0.137972
Range 4
Minimum 1
Maximum 5
Sum 253
Count 100
120
www.ijemr.in
Interpretation :
From the above table we conclude Whether the consumer purchase products in their favourite
colour only 48 peoples says yes , 52 peoples says no.
Findings :
1. Colour when you buy a product 52% respondents say yes and 48% respondents say no.
2. Colour psychologic effect on performance in market 48% respondents are neutral and 7%
respondents are strongly disagree.
3. colour attract the large number of customer 41% respondents are agree and 3% strongly
disagree.
4. Colour plays an important role in marketing and brand recognition 38% respondents are agree
and 2% respondents are disagree.
SUGGESTIONS:
 Colour on the Emotions of Your Audience
 The most crucial colour for your brand is its base colour.
 The Effect of Colour on Marketing: A Colour Psychology Study
 Analysing Colour Psychology to Understand the Role of Colour in Marketing
CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, colour psychology is important in marketing and influences consumer behaviour in
a big way. Marketing professionals must comprehend the attitudes and feelings that various hues
arouse in order to effectively convey their brand messages and sway consumer purchasing
behaviour. The study of colour psychology in marketing emphasises how crucial it is to take into
account the psychological effects of colour when creating branding, product packaging, and
marketing materials. The results of this study show how colour has the power to shape consumer
perception and leave a lasting impression. In the end, colour psychology offers useful perceptions
into how marketers can use colour to propel their marketing goals and forge a distinctive brand
identity.
REFERENCES:
Aslam, M. M. (2005). Are you selling the right colour ? Are you selling the right colour ? A cross -
cultures - cultural review of colour as a view of colour as a marketing cue. colour psychology, 23.
Batra, S. (2016). The infulence of colour on consumer brand personality -A generalized study in
indian context . colour psychology, 27.
Cardiff, P. .. (2016). The interactive effects of colours and products on perceptions of brand logo
appropriateness. colour psychology, 23.
121
www.ijemr.in
THE AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ON ONLINE

SHOPPING CART
Mr. PRAJWAL M , PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Prof. Neenaprasad , Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of Technology,
ABSTRACT
The purpose of study is to examines the impact of social media marketing on online shopping cart,
specifically for business-to-consumer (B2C) brands. A mixed-methods approach was used, consisting of
a survey questionnaire completed by 500 consumers, descriptive analysis of the data, and regression
analysis to determine the relationship between social media marketing and consumer online buying
behaviour.
keywords: Social media marketing, online shopping cart
I. INTRODUCTION
Companionable Wi-Fi, that has network following the bestowing of significant, occurrence, and views
all the while all of charity-cultivate websites, sustain following main in our associated to the
Computer network beneficial. Cause public emitting, the moderate center strip that separate gear are
rotting, and new mixed to the canny sphere organizations are resulting and growing. Few instances
of public diffuse hold blogs, forums, plan boards, picture- and program-bestowing sites, bacterium-
counterfeit sites, wikis, and podcasts. Each of these finishes helps advance plans about plans that
shoppers are hopeful about, and integrates suit or satisfactory appurtenances concurrently with an
activity all of the circle.
Promptly moment of truth connected to the WWW buying mesmerize in the world .public will
presented to buy through related to the cyberspace rather than offline purchasing .so in this place
place study we will tell in what way or manner friendly revelation plays important act in society
connected to the internet behaviour
 To knowledge the impact of public publishing on related to the cyberspace purchasing

 To disclose the Research interrupt the settled research documents
Dr. Srivardhana A conducted a study on SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING .The findings of this study
states that Research has shown that, after taking everything into account, retailers can increase
brand awareness by connecting with customers on social media sites in a creative way. As more
consumers use web-based social networking (e. g. Advancement through these media has become
crucial as more people rely on them for marketing shopping decisions (e.g., Twitter, Facebook,
MySpace, and LinkedIn) (Shankar, 2011).
X. Wang et al conducted a study on CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ON SOCIAL COMMERCE .the
findings of the study A thorough review of the literature on consumer behavior in social commerce is
what this study's goal is. Despite the fact that research on this topic is still developing and is largely
dispersed, social commerce has been shown to have a significant impact on consumer behavior.
DR. Heliyon conducted a study on How social commerce constructs influence customers' social
shopping intention? An empirical study of a social commerce website . This study looked into how
customers' virtual experiences and intentions to buy products were influenced by social commerce
websites. The results showed that social commerce constructs had positive and significant effects on
social interactions in terms of cognitive states
Alireza Mohammadpour conducted a study on effect of social media marketing on online shopping of
customers by mediating variables. The findings of the study are The research demonstrated that
SMM had a beneficial impact on relational capital. As a result of the findings, relational capital was
positively and significantly impacted by SMM. The study by Kim and Ko (2012) and this result are
consistent.
122
www.ijemr.in
DR. B.D. Weinberg et al conducted a study on Effect of social commerce factors on user purchase
behavior: An empirical investigation from renren.com. the findings of study In order to better
understand social commerce, this study develops a research model that looks at the variables
affecting consumers' purchase intentions.
3.1. Types Of Research
a. Descriptive Research
3.2. Sources Of Data
a. Primary source
b. Secondary source
3.3. Research Design
a. Sample Design.
b. Instrumental Design.
c. Statistical Tools.
H0: There is no significant impact of social media on online shopping cart.
H1 : There is a significant impact of social media on online shopping cart .
Table 4.1 Descriptive Statistics
Do you prefer to shop Online or Offline
Frequenc Cumulative
y Percent Valid Percent Percent
VOnline 55 55.0 55.0 55.0
a Offline 45 45.0 45.0 100.0
l Total
i 100 100.0 100.0
d
123
www.ijemr.in
How many hours do you spend on social media every

day?
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Vone hour 37 37.0 37.0 37.0
a2-3hour 48 48.0 48.0 85.0
l5 15 15.0 15.0 100.0
i
Total 100 100.0 100.0
d
INTERPRETATION
From the above table we can analyse that how much time people spend on social media every day.so
that people averagely spend around 2-3 hours time on social media .
From the above table we can analyse that whether people would like to buy through online or
offlinewe have responses that 55% people prefer online and 45% prefer offline.so highest is online
shoppers .
V. CONCLUSION
The article ,research and pieces of approval visualized above show that public effective probably
productive finish for few organizing .It can increase your perceptibility ,adorn companionships
,survive two-practice plans following customers ,decide a crossroads for retaliation, and increase the
facts and honor of the composition . For these reasons ,as visualized above .composition must first
nurture a inclusive public Wi-Fi plans approach accordingly integrate best practices in the exercise
of that sketch . Public information gives deep impact to improbable account information
contemporary from restricted bodies to plentiful giant clients .public issuing surroundings is
excellent and bureaucracy and knowledge immovably Growing and erratic Prevailing. So now critical
moment community would like to buy online cart by appropriate
REFERENCES
 A. Mohmadraj Gifford .,(2002). Changes and determinants of consumer shopping behaviour in E-
commerce and social media product Muslimah
 A.T. Kearney., (2013 ) .Factors Influencing Online Shopping Behaviour: The Mediating Role of
Purchase Intention
 Atos. (2015). Consumer behaviour in social commerce: A literature review
 B.D. Weinberg. (2009). Effect of social commerce factors on user purchase behaviour: An
empirical investigation from renren.com
 C. Arul Joti, (2016). Impact of social media on online shopping
124
www.ijemr.in
―THE ROLE OF INFLUENCER MARKETING ON THE CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR – A

PERSPECTIVE ON D2C BRANDS.‖
Somashekar N, MBA,
Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of Technology
Dr. Neena Prasad, Professor,
Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of Technology
Abstract
Influencer marketing has become an essential aspect of direct-to-consumer (D2C) brand strategies
as it offers a more trustworthy and authentic form of promotion compared to traditional advertising.
Influencers have established relationships with their followers who value their advice, making it
easier for D2C brands to connect with new demographics and increase their reach
Keywords: Influencer Marketing, Consumer Buying Behaviour, D2C Brands
Introduction
Influencer marketing has become an essential aspect of direct-to-consumer (D2C) brand strategies
as it offers a more trustworthy and authentic form of promotion compared to traditional
advertising. Influencers have established relationships with their followers who value their advice,
making it easier for D2C brands to connect with new demographics and increase their reach. By
using influencer marketing, D2C brands can create more relevant content for their target audience
and track the impact of their campaigns, allowing them to make data-driven decisions that
promote growth and success. Overall, influencer marketing plays a crucial role in shaping
consumer purchasing behavior and should be incorporated into any effective D2C marketing plan
AIM
To determine the amount of impact of influencer marketing on consumer buying behavior
particularly to know the impact of social media influencers and the usefulness of influencers
marketing.
PROBLEM STATEMENTS
Market volatility, largely caused by technology, has had a significant impact on our lives, markets,
and purchasing habits. Influencer marketing has become popular due to the emergence of social
media marketing, which has been accelerated by the younger demographic's digital agility. This
study focuses on understanding how influencer marketing affects millennials in India, particularly
in terms of their purchasing decisions. The objective is to evaluate the impact of influencer
marketing on customer purchasing decisions and the role that rising marketing trends play in
shaping consumer behavior.
TYPE OF RESEARCH
This study utilized descriptive research with primary data, focusing on observation, case studies,
and surveys. The research plan utilized convenience sampling to gather samples from the general
community. Data was collected through closed-ended questions in surveys and observation. SPSS
software was used to analyze the data. The study aimed to investigate how influencer marketing
affects millennials in India in terms of their purchasing decisions and the impact of rising
marketing trends on consumer behavior.
HYPOTHESIS
o Ho1: There is a significant relationship between social media marketing and consumer buying
behavior (Obj 1)
o Ha1: There is no significant relationship between social media marketing and consumer buying
behavior (Obj1)
To examine the emerging social media marketing trends and their role in consumer buying behavior
and the outcome by analyzing it was found that the P value is not significant, so accept Ho1
Ho1: Social media marketing significantly influences consumer buying behavior (Obj 1)
125
www.ijemr.in
o Ho4: Influencer marketing significantly impacts consumer buying behavior (Obj 4)

o Ha4: Influencer marketing does not significantly impact consumer buying behavior (Obj4)
To examine linear regression found a weak and insignificant correlation between influencer
marketing and consumer buying behavior, with a constant value of 2.339 indicating no change
without a predictor variable P value is not significant, so accept Ho4
Ho4: Influencer marketing significantly impacts consumer buying behavior (Obj 4)
Research explores the link between influencer marketing, social media marketing, and consumer
purchasing patterns. Businesses can use this knowledge to improve their marketing strategies and
better understand their customer‘s behaviors.
Findings
Influencer marketing has a growing impact on customer behavior, with 32% of participants
claiming it influenced their purchase decisions. More marketers are adopting influencer
marketing, as 39% of participants follow influencers. Reviews from influencers have a significant
impact on 87% of participants. However, the majority of followers stick with one influencer for less
than two hours, and participants spend 68% of their time watching influencers for less than an
hour, suggesting that people use influencer marketing more as a source of ideas than reliable
advice.
Suggestions for Further Research
The study suggests that more investigation is needed on the variables that affect the effectiveness
of influencer and social media marketing, the long-term consequences of influencer marketing,
their effects across cultural boundaries, and their impact across various industries. These areas
require further research.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the study found that influencer marketing and social media marketing have a
significant impact on consumers' purchasing decisions. These marketing techniques can help
companies reach potential customers and influence their purchase decisions. However, further
research is needed to fully understand the effects of these marketing methods on consumer
behavior. There is still much to learn about how social media marketing and influencer marketing
affect customer behavior.
REFERENCES
1. Garretson, J. A., Folse, J. A., Moulard, J. G., & Raggio, R. D. (2012). Psychological ownership:
a social marketing advertising message appeal? Not for women.
2. Bilal, M., Shafiq, M., Ahmad, N., & Khan, A. (2014). The impact of digital media on consumer
behavior. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research,
3. Dehghani M., & Tumer, E. (2015). The impact of digital media on consumer behavior intention.
European Journal of Business and Social Sciences.
4. Ewers, N. L. (2017). Influencer Marketing on Instagram.
5. Glucksman, M. (2017). The Rise of Social Media Influencer Marketing on Lifestyle Branding:
A Case Study of Lucie Fink.
6. Biaudet, S. (2017). Influencer Marketing as a Marketing Tool.
7. Veissi, I. (2017). Influencer Marketing on Instagram.
8. Permadani, N. A., & Hartono, A. (2017). Attractiveness, Expertise, Interactions, and Ad Trust:
Impact on Consumer Image Satisfaction with Social Media Influencer.
9. Sharma, B. K., Mishra, S., & Arora, L. (2018). Does Social Medium Influence Impulse Buying of
Indian Buyers?
10. Bakker, D. (2018). Conceptualizing Influencer Marketing.
11. Nam, L. G., & Dân, H. T. (2018). Impact of Social Media Influencer Marketing on Consumers.
126
www.ijemr.in
12. Kolarova, M. (2018). The effects of influencer type, brand familiarity, and sponsorship
disclosure on purchase intention and brand trust on Instagram.
13. Micó, J. L. (2019). Influencer marketing: A growth hacking strategy for digital brands.
14. Coates, A. E., Hardman, C. A., Halford, J. C. G., et al. (2018). The impact of influencer type,
brand familiarity, and sponsorship disclosure on purchase intention and brand trust on Instagram.
15. Lim, X. J., Aifa, R., Mohd, R., & Cheah, J. H. (2019). The Impact of Social Media Influencers on
Purchase Intention and the Mediation Effect of Customer Attitude.
16. Lou, C., & Shupei, S. (2019). Influencer Marketing: How Message Value and Credibility Affect
Consumer Trust of Branded Content on Social Media.
17. Kalu, F. (2019). The Impact of Social Media Influencer Marketing on Purchase Intention from an
Irish Male Millennial's Perspective: A Study of the Irish Fashion Industry.
18. Khan, M. A., & Saima. (2019). Social Media Influencer Marketing and Consumer Purchase
Intentions: An Investigation of Low and High-Risk Products.
19. Zak, S., & Hasprova, M. (2020). The role of influencers in the consumer decision-making
process.
20. Unknown author. (2020). Digital Influencers.
127
www.ijemr.in
―A STUDY ON ROLE OF COMMUNICATION ON EMPLOYEE PERCEPTION TO ORGANISATIONAL

CHANGE‖
Mr. Vaishnavi BN PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Dr.Neena Prasad, Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of Technology,
ABSTRACT
This study explores the impact of communication on the employee perception of organizational change.
Organizational change can have significant consequences for employees, such as job loss,
reorganization, and altered workloads. Effective communication can mitigate these consequences by
providing clarity, transparency, and feedback, which can enhance employee perception of the change
process. This research is based on a survey conducted among employees of different organizations
who have undergone recent changes. The results indicate that communication plays a crucial role in
shaping employees' perceptions of organizational change. Clear communication, timely feedback, and
transparency increase the likelihood that employees will accept and adapt to the changes. In contrast,
poor communication can lead to confusion, anxiety, and resistance to change. Therefore, organizations
need to prioritize effective communication strategies to ensure successful organizational change and
employee satisfaction.
I. Introduction
Employees' perceptions of decisions their superiors have made that they believe to be incorrect or
unfair are clarified via communication. Additionally, managers should compensate their staff
appropriately to demonstrate appreciation for their achievements and acknowledge them.
To achieve more success and excellence in a highly competitive environment, organisational reform
becomes essential. The dynamism of both the internal and external business environments is to
blame for this. Employees in most organisations, however, are resistant to change despite the fact
that change management is crucial to the success of organisations. This is due to incorrect
perceptions and a lack of ability to adapt to new developments and move away from one's current
position. Because of this, organisational academics have long Recognized the importance of
communication strategy in describing organisational change so that the short- and long-term
consequences, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of such change management, could be
properly expressed in advance. This is done to avoid any potential harm that could come from a
small number of employees having a pessimistic outlook, which could lead to Langham change
resistance (1996)
II. Literature Review
Dr Liz Jones: This study investigated how employees' views and responses to a complex
organisational change, including proposed work force reform, downsizing, and a physical move to a
new hospital, were influenced by organisational level. The modification examined in the current
study was a significant planned shift that took place over a four-year period. It was radical since it
called for departmental mergers, employee reductions, physical moves, organisational reorganisation
of work processes, and changes to organisational culture. However, the creation of working groups
where employee representatives addressed change interventions and procedures gave employees a
voice.
Haroon Bakari: To address numerous critiques, this study has developed a new three-step model
that is a copy of the three-step model and incorporates the theory of planned behaviour. This study
examined the effects of much-needed real leadership on employees' views of change on the dynamics
of the leader-follower relationship. This study used a causal design to gather primary data through a
questionnaire survey based on a straightforward random sampling technique, adhering to the
positivistic approach and deductive reasoning.
128
www.ijemr.in
MICHAEL P. LEITER: Such unpleasant interpersonal encounters stand in contrast to the numerous
good and fulfilling features of interactions with co-workers, which have been covered in detail in the
research literature on social support in the workplace (Beehr, 1985; House, 1981). It has been
determined that there are several sources of support as well as various types of assistance (such as
instrumental versus emotional support) (such as co-worker, supervisor, spouse). One of the main
indicators of social support is contact with other people, whether that be the quantity and/or
frequency of those connections. As a result, such contact has generally been assumed to be positive
in nature. But as recent studies have shown (Barrera, 1985; Brodsky, 1976), contact is not always
supportive. This claim is supported by the burnout research mentioned above.
W. Randy Evans: Organizational agility (Dyer & Shafer, 1999), adaptability (Sanchez, 1995), and the
coordination and exploitation of knowledge resources may be better ways to explain the capacity to
sustain a competitive advantage (Wright et al., 2001). When the environment changes, adaptable
companies can reorganise their resources (e.g., markets, competitors, etc.). Resources can include
both material and financial capital, although organisational flexibility is typically thought of in terms
of efficient knowledge management. Indeed, the ability to acquire and disseminate the knowledge
required by the organisation to reconfigure itself and adapt to environmental changes may be a
determinant of sustainable financial performance (Teece, Pisano, & Shuen, 1997; Wright et al.,
2001).
Alannah E. Rafferty: Although there is much research on organisational change, few of them
pinpoint the components of it that matter to people and affect their attitudes. In this essay, we cover
two important issues related to organisational change. What prominent aspects of organisational
change do people notice in their workplaces, first? Second, how do individual results affect how
people perceive the characteristics of change? Three distinct change features are identified using
Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) cognitive phenomenological or transactional model of stress and
coping: frequency, impact, and planning of change.
Yochi Cohen-Charash: With 190 study samples and 64,757 people, the correlates of distributive,
procedural, and interactional fairness were studied. We thought it was important to distinguish
between the three different kinds of justice. The three categories of justice were related to
organisational practises and outcomes, while perceived justice was mostly unrelated to the
perceiver's demographic traits. While organisational citizenship behaviour was similarly predicted by
distributive and procedural justice, job performance and counterproductive work behaviours,
thought to be results of perceived fairness, were primarily connected to procedural justice. Most
satisfaction indicators showed a consistent relationship with all forms of justice. Organizational
commitment and trust were strongly associated to the other categories of justice, even though they
were primarily tied to procedural justice.
HOWARD ALDRICH: Organizations are defined by their boundaries, and border roles serve as the
interface between the organisation and its surroundings. With an emphasis on environmental and
technical sources of variation in boundary role structure, the development, elaboration, and
functions of boundary bridging roles are investigated. Eleven hypotheses that can be empirically
tested incorporate the studied material. Future research should address issues brought about by
treating organisations as "wholes" or singular entities.
David E. Guest: Various indicators of organisational success are correlated with what are known as
high performance or high commitment human resource management (HRM) practises, according to a
growing body of research. The reason behind this relationship is unclear, though. This study makes
the case that we need to strengthen our theoretical and analytical frameworks in three crucial areas
if we are to offer a compelling explanation for this link. These include the nature of HRM, particularly
the justification for HR practise professionals, the characteristics of organisational performance, and
the connection between HRM and performance. To investigate these linkages, a model is offered. In
light of this study, the body of literature on HRM and performance is analysed to pinpoint significant
knowledge gaps and help to focus further the research priorities.
GAIL T. FAIRHURST: The authors of this study investigate the notion that organisations act in
contradictory ways to meet conflicting expectations. The authors present a case study of three
downsizings that occurred in quick succession within a single organisation, the last two of which
used opposing downsizing tactics. These included a "velvet boot" method and a "voluntary-
involuntary downsizing" strategy. The essay also looks at several internal organisational conflicts
including goals, principles, expectations for employees, and resources, and it demonstrates how
managing these conflicts leads to both incongruent resolutions and unintended effects.
129
www.ijemr.in
Finally, the authors take a contradiction-centered approach to organisations, focusing on the

conflicts that members of these organisations construct as their organisational realities and which
their situated discourse serves as support for.
Steven P. Brown: The author offers meta-analyses of 51 pairwise interactions involving job
participation and develops a theoretical framework linking job involvement to its antecedents,
correlates, and effects. The findings of the meta-analyses are consistent with studies that claim that
situational and personality factors influence job participation. In contrast to role views, behavioural
work outcomes, negative "side effects," or demographic factors, job involvement was substantially
correlated with both job and work attitudes. Based on the involvement measure, moderator studies
found no variation in the strength of associations. The strength of links across studies of employees
of public versus private enterprises showed moderate but systematic variations, according to the
author. He highlights crucial theoretical issues in the research stream, contrasts and compares the
outcomes of this study with meta-analytic findings about organisational commitment and offers
suggestions for future research.
Jeffrey S. Hornsby: In this study, the measurement capabilities of a scale that captures the crucial
organisational internal determinants influencing middle managers to start corporate
entrepreneurship initiatives are evaluated. In this study, the term "corporate entrepreneurship" is
used broadly to refer to the creation and adoption of fresh concepts within a company. This study
offers a tool that is used to empirically uncover the internal factors that affect middle manager
participation in corporate entrepreneurship activities using these criteria. The literature has begun
to acknowledge the middle manager's contribution to corporate entrepreneurship over the past ten
years. The amount and breadth of empirical study on internal organisational characteristics that can
encourage middle manager participation have been constrained. The research does, however, agree
on at least five potential causes.
Mohsen Mirzaei: This study aimed to identify the status of employees' perceptions of organizational
justice (distributive and procedural) and employee readiness for organizational change and their
possible relation to gas companies in Lorestan province has been done. This classification is based
on the objective component of applied research is also based on the data of the present study - a
survey. The two-variable correlation research method study sample consisted of all formal and
informal forces in Lorestan Province Gas Company (headquarters and regions), the number is 499,
Official Force and 343 members of which 156 are contract workers and the sample of this study
consisted of 54 official and 110 are contract workers.
Mohsen Mirzaie2: This study was conducted in the province of Lorestan with the intention of
determining the current state of employees' perceptions of organisational fairness (distributive and
procedural), employee readiness for organisational change, and any potential relationships to gas
businesses. The basis for this classification is the The data from the current study, a survey, is used
as the basis for the objective component of applied research. All formal and informal forces in the
Lorestan Province Gas Company (headquarters and regions) totalled 499, with 343 members of the
official force and 156 contract workers. The sample for this study included 54 members of the official
force and 110 contract workers.
Ekta Sharma1: To ascertain the current status of employees' opinions of organisational fairness
(distributive and procedural), employee readiness for organisational transformation, and any
potential ties to gas enterprises, this study was carried out in the province of Lorestan. This
classification's foundation is the. The goal part of applied research is built on the data from the
current study, a survey. A total of 499 people worked for the Lorestan Province Gas Company
(headquarters and regions), including 343 employees and 156 contractors. 110 contract workers and
54 members of the official force made up the sample for this study.
Kinane Anne Linda: The goals of this study were to ascertain how Telkom Kenya's workers felt
about the transformation procedures and to identify the variables that affected that feeling. The
study's proper research design was a survey of employees. Perception of Telkom Kenya's
transformational process. A survey's main benefit is its ability to gather a lot of information on each
respondent at once. The entire Telkom workforce made up the population. The sample frame
included both management and support staff members. The method of data analysis is quantitative.
Tables are used for the display of data.
130
www.ijemr.in
Surname, Initial(s): Corporate mergers and acquisitions are a common source of company growth,
but many fail and do not achieve the projected financial results. People-related issues constitute the
primary reason for such failures. These issues may result from the negative impact that changes
often have on the psychological contract. As people are critical to the success of change efforts, an
investigation was warranted into the perceived impact on the psychological contract during periods
of change.
Marie Boltz, PhD, RN: Older persons who are hospitalised frequently experience complications with
their physical function, which raises morbidity, mortality, institutionalisation, and cost. The
development of physical function is just one of the many ways that nursing staff play a crucial part
in the hospital experience for older patients. There are no empirically supported recommendations to
support the physical function of hospitalised older persons, even though optimal geriatric care
necessitates an organisational strategy. Finding out how nursing staff members perceive physical
function in hospitalised older adults—defined as the ability to perform the basic activities of daily
living—including their perceptions of prevalence, risk factors, onset, effective interventions,
institutional barriers to promoting physical function, and facilitators—is the first step in creating an
organisational intervention.
Taylan Budur1: After the 1990s, corporate social responsibility became a global concern. On the
other hand, it is undeniable that leadership has an impact on how people feel and act towards
society. The inquiry thus questions which style of leadership would have a greater impact on a
company's CSR initiatives for its employees. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the
impact of leadership style on the degree of CSR behaviours towards employees. In the Kurdistan
Region of Iraq, we gathered information from 197 employees of various private firms. To further
comprehend the level of influence, we have suggested a structural equation modelling approach.
Benjamin Schneider: It is suggested that a collection of fundamental problems that promote staff
performance and high-quality service are a required but insufficient factor in creating an
environment conducive to providing excellent customer service. The foundational concerns form the
basis of the service climate, but it also necessitates policies and practises that put service quality
front and centre. A bank's 134 branches' staff and customers provided data that was gathered at
various intervals in time and evaluated using structural equation modelling. The model that best
suited the data, according to the results, was one in which the foundational problems produced the
climate for service, which in turn produced consumer perceptions of service quality.
Daniel T: This article discusses the development and evaluation of an instrument that can be used
to assess individual readiness for organisational change, using a systematic item-development
framework as a guide (i.e., item development, questionnaire administration, item reduction, scale
evaluation, and replication). Over 900 organisational members from the public and private sectors
participated in the study's various phases, and two distinct organisations tested the questionnaire.
III.Objectives:
 To study the organizational changes.
 To understand the factors that affects the organization changes.
 To examine the influence of organizational level on employee.
 To study the perception of employee.
IV.Research methodology
Type of Research: causal and empirical Research.
Sample size: 101
Data type: Primary source
(https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdDRnpqkEeUrKFJucwiiATOmoIqUvaeNm4DPVT8Cjn
bpkDmw/viewform?usp=sf_link)
Tools and Techniques: Descriptive Research, Regression analysis, Correlation analysis
131
www.ijemr.in
DATA ANALYSIS
Analysis of descriptive statistics
communicates
DESCRIPTIVE
organisational
management
qualification
organization
Educational
experience
employees
Front-line
Working
changes
Gender
quick
Age
Mean 1.55 2.35 2.60 2.09 3.16 3.50 4.11 3.17
Standard
Error 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.11
Median 2.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00
Mode 2.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 3.00
Standard
Deviation 0.50 0.75 0.72 1.00 1.11 1.05 1.05 1.10
Minimum 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Maximum 2.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 5.00 5.00
Confidence
Level
(95.0%) 0.10 0.15 0.14 0.20 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.22
V. Findings:
 According to the survey, 7% of employees, or the bulk of them, are under 20 years old.
 According to the survey there are 45% women and 56% men among the staff.
 According to the survey, 86% of the employee's educational background is postgraduate, while
14% of it is undergraduate.
 As per the survey 72% of employee less then5 year of work experience while 18% of it is more
then 5year work experience.
 According to the survey, 40.6% of employees support organisational reform. 59.4% of the
workers say they are unsure.
VI. Conclusion:
The study's conclusion is that organisations should give good communication top priority
when implementing changes because it can have a significant impact on the success of the change
as well as the perception of and participation from the workforce in the process. Organizations can
accomplish this by keeping workers informed about the change on a regular basis, promoting open
and honest communication, and including workers in the transition process to make sure they feel
supported and appreciated.
VII. REFERENCE
 Dr. Liz Jones Title of the paper: Employee Perceptions of Organizational Change Name of
journal School of Psychology Griffith University.
 Haroon Bakari Title of the paper: How does authentic leadership influence planned
organizational change The role of employees‘ perceptions. Name of journal: JOURNAL OF CHANGE
MANAGEMENT year 2017
 MICHAEL P. LEITER: The impact of interpersonal environment on burnout and organizational
commitment ' journals of Organizational behaviour, Vol. 9, page:297-308 year (1988)
 W. Randy Evans and Walter: High-Performance Work Systems and Organizational Performance
name of journal: Journal of Management vol 31-year 2005
 Alannah E. Rafferty Perceptions of Organizational Change, Name of journal: Queensland
University of Technology vol: 91 pages no: 1154-1162
 Yochi Cohen-Charash: Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes
name of journal: University of California, Berkeley vol: 86 pages no: 278- 321
 Howard E. Aldrich: Boundary Spanning Roles and Organization Structure name of journal: The
Academy of Management Review year:2014.
132
www.ijemr.in
 GAIL T. FAIRHURST: name of journal University of Cincinnati vol:15 page no: 501-540
Year,2002
 Steven P. Brown: name of journal: Southern Methodist University vol: 120 pages no: 235-255
 Jeffrey S. Hornsbya: name of journal: a Department of Management, College of Business, Ball
State University, Muncie page no: 253-273, year:2002
 Mehrnosh Hemati Farahani1 Recognizing The Employees' Perception Of Organizational Justice
(Distributive And Procedural) And Employee Readiness For Organizational Change name of journal:
Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University vol:3, year 2014.
 Dr.Ekta Sharma: Employee Perception for Effective Corporate Social Responsibility: Role of
Human Resource Professionals year: 2014
 Kinane Anne Linda: EMPLOYEE PERCEPTION OF THE CHANGE PROCESSES IN TELKOM
KENYA HEADQUARTERS year: 2007
 Marie Boltz, PhD: name of journal: New York University College of Nursing year 2010 page
no:215-222
 Daniel T: Readiness for Organizational Change name of journal: Journal of Applied Behavioural
Science page: 232 vol:43.
 Sandy J. Wayne: Rewards in Perceptions of Organizational name of journal: University of
Illinois at Chicago vol:87 page no: 590-598
 TERRY.A BEEHR: Employee Health, And Organizational Effectiveness Name Of Journal:Illinois
TERRY State A. University VOL:31 year 1978
 Benjamin Schneider: Employee and Customer Perceptions, name of journal: University of
Maryland, vol:70, page no:423-433
 Jeffrey S.Hornsby: Middle managers‘ perception of the internal environment for corporate
entrepreneurship name of journal: a Department of Management, College of Business, Ball State
University, Muncie, vol:17 page no:253-273.
133
www.ijemr.in
―A STUDY ON IMPACT OF FINANCIAL LEVERAGE ON FIRM PROFITABILITY‖

Mr. Madhusudhan, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy
Prof. SARAH MERLYN, Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
ABSTRACT
This study's goal is to determine how financial leverage affects a company's profitability. The amount
that a business relies on debt financing rather than equity financing to fund its operations is known
as financial leverage. The goal of the study is to determine whether or not greater financial leverage
results in increased profitability. Data from publicly traded businesses operating across a range of
industries will be used to conduct the study. Financial information will be gathered from financial
statements, and return on asset (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and net profit margin (NPM) ratios will
be used to assess profitability. It will be determined whether there is a connection between financial
leverage and profitability using a multiple regression analysis.
INTRODUCTION
Leverage gearing in the united kingdom and Australia is any financial method that involves
borrowing cash to acquire items in the hope that future earnings will be many times greater then
the cost of borrowing. Because successful leverage converts the relatively little amount required for
borrowing into significant quantities of profits, it is called after a lever in physics, which amplifies a
tiny input force into a higher output force. However, the strategy has a great danger of not being able
to repay a huge debt. Typically, a lender on how much leverage it will allow, and will need the
purchased asset to meet those limits. And gains can be multiplied via leverage. Then losses are
doubled, and there is a possibility that leveraging may result in a loss if finishing expenses exceed
the assets income or the assets value declines.
They may pay higher interest rates on loans since their risk is greater. Here are some other
potential disadvantages of employing this financial method: Assets may lose value fast, and
financial losses may escalate as financial debt increases. The part of a company's activities that is
financed with debt is referred to as financial leverage. Being highly leveraged implies that you are
carrying a significant amount of debt. While debt utilized to create income may increase revenue
and profit over time, unproductive or excessive
 To assess the relationship between leverage and performance.

 To identify the impact of Financial Leverage on Return on Assets (ROA), Return On Equity
(ROE), Return On Sales (ROS), and Return On Capital Employed (ROCE).
Saira SUNDAS, Iminaam BUTT (2021) IMPACT OF LIQUIDITY ON PROFITABILITY AND
PERFORMANCE. A CASE OF TEXTILE SECTOR OF PAKISTAN this case study concludes that
Finance scholars have debated the relationship between liquidity and business performance.
According to previous research, asset liquidity raises the level of debt, despite the fact that in some
countries, businesses with greater liquidity were less leveraged and relied on internal funding.
According to the findings, liquidity ratios have risen. Both have a positive correlation with
profitability but a negligible correlation with return on equity. The order Sales growth and firm size
are also related to firm performance and profitability.
134
www.ijemr.in
Barween Al Kurdi, Hamzah Elrehai,Haitham M. Alzoubi,Muhammad Alshurideh,Raid Al-Adaileh,

(2021) THE INTERPLAY AMONG HRM PRACTICES, JOB SATISFACTION AND INTENTION TO
LEAVE: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATIONTHE INTERPLAY AMONG HRM PRACTICES, JOB
SATISFACTION AND INTENTION TO LEAVE: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION and this case study
concludes that The research was useful in understanding the relationship between HRM practices
and job satisfaction. This study demonstrates that MOE employees are extremely satisfied with the
MOE's training system and career opportunities, implying that the MOE has excellent training and
career opportunities.
Jiang Hongli (PhD Professor),Elizabeth Sena Ajorsu,Ernest Kay Bakpa, (2019) The Effect of
Liquidity and Financial Leverage on Firm Performance: Evidence from Listed Manufacturing
Firms on The Ghana Stock Exchange and this case study concludes that The study discovers that
financial leverage has a strong positive impact on firm performance (ROA&ROE), with 65% of debt
used to finance firm assets, which has a significant impact on firm performance.
Zaher Abdel Fattah Al-Slehat, (2019) Impact of Financial Leverage, Size and Assets Structure
on Firm Value: Evidence from Industrial Sector, Jordan and this case study concludes that The
impact of financial leverage on firm value was non-existent, and the relationship between financial
leverage and Tobin's q scale was negative. However, each size and shape had an effect.
Dr. Alhassan Bunyamin,Mr. Ibrahim Nandom Yakubu,Dr. Shani Bashiru, (2021) The effect of
financial leverage on profitability an empirical analysis of recapitalized banks in ghana and
this case study concludes that Regardless of the proxy for profitability, our findings show that
leverage has a significant negative impact on bank profits. This lends empirical support to the
theory of pecking order. The findings also show that the size of a bank has a positive and
significant impact on profitability. Based on our findings, we conclude that financial leverage harms
bank profit growth in Ghana.
Dr. Abdallah Barakat, (2014) The Impact of Financial Structure, Financial Leverage and
Profitability on Industrial Companies Shares Value (Applied Study on a Sample of Saudi
Industrial Companies) and this case study conclude that the dependent variable, stock market
price, has a statistically significant direct relationship with two independent variables: return on
equity and capital structure. However, there is one exception Financial leverage has a weak and
inverse relationship with stock value, and this relationship is not statistically significant, so there
is no statistically significant relationship between financial leverage and company value.
Nawaz Ahmad, Atif Salman, Aamir Firoz Shamsi,Impact (2015) of Financial Leverage on Firms
Profitability: An Investigation from Cement Sector of Pakistan and this case study conclude that
The study discovered that financial leverage has a statistically significant inverse impact on
profitability at the 99% confidence level, and this study investigated the relationship between
financial leverage and profitability of firms in Pakistan's cement manufacturing sector. Nawaf
Ahmad Salem AlGhusin, (2015) The Impact of Financial Leverage, Growth, and Size on
Profitability of Jordanian Industrial Listed Companies and this case study concludes that This
finding is similar to those of Nguyen and Neelakantan [2006], as well as Biger et al. [2008].
Profitability is also positively related to Jordanian industrial companies' growth opportunities.
Angela Dirman, (2020) Financial distress the impacts of profitability, liquidity, leverage, firm
size, and free cash flow and this case study concludes that provide understanding and knowledge
to the public, particularly investors and creditors, about the effect of profitability, liquidity,
leverage, company size, and free cash flow on financial distress and can be used as a reference for
future researchers and stakeholders (investors, creditors, and government).
Van cong nguyen, Thi ngoe lan nguyen, Thi thu phong tran and thi tha nghiem, (2019) The
inmpact of financial leverage on the profitability of real estate companies A study from
vietnam stock exchange and this case study concludes that This calculates the effect of FL on
Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), Return On Sales (ROS), and Return On Capital
Employed (ROCE) (ROCE). The study is based on data collected from 58 real estate firms listed on
the Vietnam Stock Exchange, totaling 464 observations.
Type of research - Descriptive research
Sample size - For this study the data has been collected for 5 years
Instrument design - Descriptive statistic, Correlation, Regression
135
www.ijemr.in
Limitations
 The small number of variables in this study may limit its contribution.
 High fixed costs have a negative impact on the firm's bottom line, reducing net income.
 The larger the sample size, the less significant the problem is to the overall model's accuracy.
 Only one independent variable, financial leverage, and one covariate variable, firm size, were
used in this study.
 The variables studied in this study, namely profitability, liquidity, capital structure, and firm
value, are the study's limitation.
IV. DATA ANALYSIS
Ratios and Graphical representation
Table 4.1 showing profit before tax from the year 2018-2022
JK
Ultratech ACC Lakshmi
cement Ambuja ltd cement Sree cement
2018 3301.84 1619.12 1298.36 102.71 1827.16
2019 3492.38 1506.07 1494.29 104.43 1081.43
2020 5219.76 1948.02 2031.47 339.46 1960.21
2021 7896.07 2414.38 1687.78 496.59 3025.72
2022 8293.09 2785.25 2460.39 558.3 2930.92
From the above table we concluded that Ultratech cement has high profit that is high profit . where
JK Lakshmi has compare all company it has very low profit and Acc ltd has less profit. Ambuja and
sree cement profits are fluctuating.
Table 4.3 Showing financial leverage from the year ending 2018-2020
JK
financial Ultratech Lakshmi
leverage cement Ambuja ACC ltd cement Sree cement
2018 1.479796 1.295742 1.418275 1.223321 1.320031
2019 1.447649 1.012818 0.99181 1.312594 1.137091
2020 0.956782 1.274432 1.494926 1.443098 1.248398
2021 1.478092 1.34874 1.192828 1.364933 1.308742
2022 1.173572 1.338715 1.351662 1.309887 1.23323
From the above table we concluded that financial leverage of ultra tech company for the year 2020
is less risker and also the financial leverage for the company acc for the year 2019 is also less
risker compared to all other companies
Table 4.7 Showing showing return on assets from the year 2018-2022
JK
Ultratech Lakshmi Sree
cement Ambuja ACC ltd cement cement
2018 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.02 0.09
2019 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.02 0.06
2020 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.05 0.08
2021 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.11
2022 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.10
From the above table the sree cement company has higher return on assets and the jk Lakshmi
cement has less return on assets compared to other cement companies. The sree company has
higher returns on their assets.
136
www.ijemr.in
Table 4.8 Descriptive statistic of Ultratech cement
Maximum Minimum Mean standard deviation
Debt ratio 37063.46 28449.98 33279.74 3482.992926
Debt equity ratio 130.98 103.6 117.572 11.96130929
Interest coverage
ratio 9.387527 1.18768 4.002732 3.418915766
Return on assets 0.087607 0.034826 0.061173 0.022609828
The maximum value of the ultra tech cement company is 37063.46 and the minimum value is
28449.98 and the deviation according to debt ratio is 3482.9 when we consider debt equity ratio
the maximum is 130.98 and the minimum is 103.6 and the standard deviation is 11.961 and
according to interest coverage ratio the maximum value is 9.38 and the minimum value is
1.18 and the deviation is 3.418 the return of assets of 5 years has maximum value of 0.087 and the
minimum value is 0.03 and the deviation is 0.02
Table 4.13 Correlation analysis of Ultra tech cement
Debt Interest
equity coverage Return on
Debt ratio ratio ratio assets
Debt ratio 1
Debt equity ratio 0.965566 1
Interest coverage
ratio -0.06571 -0.23862 1
Return on assets -0.0006 -0.24925 0.763314 1
From the above table we conclude that the relation between debt equity ratio and debt ratio is 0.96
and with interest coverge ratio it is -0.065 and with return on assets it is -0.0006 and the debt
equity ratio has -0.23862 relation with interest coverage ratio and with return on assets it has -
0.2492 and the interest coverage ratio has relation of 0.763 with return on assets
Regression
Table 4.18 Regression Analysis of Ultratech
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Multiple R 0.96954
R Square 0.94002
Adjusted R
Square 0.76007
Observations 5
ANOVA
Significance
df SS MS F F
Regression 3 0.002 0.000641 5.22378 0.3086889

1E-
Residual 1 04 0.000123
Total 4 0.002
137
www.ijemr.in
Lower 95.0%
Standard Error
Coefficients
Upper 95%
Lower 95%
P-value
t Stat
95.0%
Upper
Intercept 0.094664 0.0602 1.57173392 0.360735 - 0.670619003 0.8599472 - 0.670619003 0.8599472
debt ratio 1.95E-05 8E-06 2.42450046 0.24904442 -8.28592E-05 0.00012194 -8.28592E-05 0.00012194
debt
equity -00.005865 0.0024 -2.4324253 0.24831297 - 0.036502871 0.02477255 - 0.036502871 0.02477255
ratio
Interest
coverage 0.001459 0.0022 0.66351467 0.62705714 - 0.026487071 0.02940578 - 0.026487071 0.02940578
ration
The above table indicates that R-square value is 0.940 that is 94.00%.which indicates that the all
the ratios explains 94.0% variation on Return on assets . This implies debt ratio, debt equity ratio ,
interest coverage ratio , is impacting the return on assets to an extent of 94.00% and remaining
6.00 % of the impact is explained by other ratios some of which are considered this study . For 1
unit change in return on assets the debt ratio will show a positive change of
9.4 units and debt equity ratio shows 0.58 units and interest coverage ratio shows 0.14 units .
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
FINDINGS
 By the analysis , we found that profit before interest and taxes are more in ultra tech cement
and less in jk Lakshmi cement company
 Profit after tax is also found by the analysis is more in ultra tech cement and less in jk
Lakshmi cement company
 From the correlation analysis of ultra tech company it is found that it has a positive
correlation with all the ratios
 There exists a positive correlation analysis of ambuja company with all the ratios
 From the correlation analysis of acc cement it is found that it has a positive correlation with all
the ratios
 There exists a negative correlation analysis of jk company with all the ratios
 From the correlation analysis of sree cement it is found that it has a positive correlation
with all the ratios
 By the regression analysis , there exists 94.0 % dependency on return on assets on all the
ratios of ultra tech company
 The dependency on return of assets 91.5 % dependency on return on assets on all ratios of
Ambuja company
 By the regression analysis , there exists 99.80 % dependency on return on assets on all the
ratios of ACC company
 The dependency on return of assets 99.90 % dependency on return on assets on all ratios of
JK Lakshmi company
 By the regression analysis , there exists 95 % dependency on return on assets on all the ratios
of Sree company
138
www.ijemr.in
CONCLUSION
Depending on the findings of the investigation, the conclusions of a study on the "Impact of
Financial Leverage on Firm Profitability" may differ. However, based on typical findings in this field
of study, the following conclusions might be made. The profitability of a company is positively
impacted by financial leverage: This inference is frequently made when a study discovers a link
between higher levels of financial leverage and higher levels of profitability. The profitability of a
company is negatively impacted by financial leverage: The study's finding that there is a link between
higher financial leverage and lower profitability leads to this conclusion. This may be the case
because other elements that affect profitability more significantly include firm size, industry, and
management calibre. Industry differences exist in how financial leverage affects a company's
profitability: When the study discovers that the relationship between financial leverage and
profitability differs for enterprises in other industries, this conclusion is reached. It's also important
to note that financial leverage is just one factor that can impact firm profitability.
REFERENCES
1. Guangchun Jin and Jian Xu (2022). Does Intellectual Capital Affect Financial Leverage
of Chinese Agricultural Companies? Exploring the Role of Firm Profitability. Journal of
MDPI.
2. Saira SUNDAS, Minaam BUTT(2021). Impact of liquidity on profitability and performance. A
case of textile sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Commerce and Finance, 122-129.
3. Barween Al Kurdi,Hamzah Elrehai,Haitham M. Alzoubi,Muhammad Alshurideh,Raid Al-Adaileh
(2021). The interplay among hrm practices, job satisfaction and intention to leave: an empirical
investigation. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 1544-0044-24.
4. Dr. Alhassan Bunyamin,Mr.Ibrahim Nandom Yakubu,Dr. Shani Bashiru (2021). The effect of
financial leverage on profitability: an Empirical analysis of recapitalized banks in ghana. Research
Journal of CRIBFB, USA, 2576-1285.
5. M. Ravindran and L. Kengatharan (2021). Impact of Financial Leverage on Firm
Profitability: Evidence from Non-Financial Firms Listed in Colombo Stock Exchange- Sri
Lanka. south asian journal of finance, 2719-2547.
6. Omaliko Emeka L. Amnim, Aipma, Okeke Prince C., Obiora Fabian C (2021). Impact of Covid-
19 Pandemic on Liquidity and Profitability of Firms in Nigeria. international Journal of Academic
Research in Business and Social Sciences, 1331-1344.
7. Angela Dirman (2020) financial distress: the impacts of profitability, liquidity, leverage, firm
size, and free cash flow. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 2289-1552.
8. Md. Musfiqur RAHMAN, Farjana Nur SAIMA, Kawsar JAHAN (2020). The inmpact of financial
leverage on the profitability of real estate companies A study from vietnam stock exchange. Journal
of business and economic environmental stadies, 2315-2326.
9. Mohammed Zaitoun , Hamza Alqudah (2020). The Impact of Liquidity and Financial Leverage on
Profitability: The Case of Listed Jordanian Industrial Firm‘s. International Journal of Business and
Digital Economy,
10. Dr. Mohd Taq,Mr. Rizwan Khan,Mr. Imran Anwar (2020). Financial Leverage and Profitability:
Evidence from Oil and Gas Sector of India. Research journal of GIS Busines, 1430-3663.
WEBSITES
https://www.nseindia.com/
139
www.ijemr.in
A STUDY ON IMPACT OF MACRO ECONOMIC VARIABLES ON COMMODITY MARKET

Ms. Monica V G, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Prof. Sarah Merlyn, Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
ABSTRACT
The purpose of study is to examine the impact of macroeconomic variables on commodity market, a
Correlation analysis and regression analysis method used to analyze macro economic variables
impact on selected commodities. This study involves understanding relationship between the
variables and selected commodities. The study mainly deals with the various variables affecting
average value of Gold , Aluminium , Cardamom and Crude oil. Analysis for the last 13 years’ have
been done,by collecting value of Commodities . The study used Gold ,Aluminium ,Crude oil,
Cardamom as dependent variable and Inflation Rate , Industry Production Rate, Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) ,Consumer Price Index(CPI) as Independent variable.
keywords: Commodity Market, Correlation Analysis, Regression model, Macro EconomicVariables.
I. INTRODUCTION
Commodities are an excellent way to diversify a portfolio, as they have low asset correlation and offer
greater liquidity than other investments. Macroeconomic factors such as GDP, Growth Rate,
Exchange Rate, Interest Rate, Inflation, Sensex, Index, and Forex Reserves are likely to have an
effect on commodity, as manufacturers with higher costs are driven off the market by others with
lower costs. This creates an oligopoly or monopoly for that good, which raises entry-level entry
costs, increases unemployment, and reduces competition.
The short-term unpredictability faced by the investors by the stock market returns and currency
rate and the price volatility of commodities keeps changing so it leads to high risk and low returns
 To know the significance of selected commodities in Indian Market
 To study the impact of factors like consumer Price index , industrial production rate , Inflation
Rates ,Gross Domestic Product on Selected commodities
 To know the influence of macro economic variables on Commodity Market
 To study the cause and effect relationship between Macro economic variables and Commodity
Market
Emmanuel Ayeni , Oluwaseyi Fanibuyan ,(2022).By analysing this article the dynamics of
uncertainty, macroeconomic variables, and capital market performance: A case study of Nigeria
this study found that global economic policy uncertainty affects the amount of shock the
economy is exposed to, but has no impact on macroeconomic performance.
Asharani Samal , Mallesh Ummalla and Phanindra Goyari (2022), , By studying the impact of
macroeconomic factors on food price inflation: evidence from India This study concluded that the
government should focus more on the agricultural sector and its expansion and productivity
through funding of irrigation, research, and modern technology to reduce food prices.
Ramesh Muthangi, , Dr D Senthil Kumar , Dr M Madana Mohan,(2022),By studying this article
Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Gold Price in India: An Empirical Examination, According
to this study's findings, Gold prices in India are influenced by five independent variables,
including inflation, budget deficits, and interest rates.
Nenavath Sreenu, K.S. S. Rao & Kishan D (2021), By analysing the macroeconomic variables
impact on commodity futures volatility: A study on Indian markets This study found that low-
frequency variables have a favorable impact on the long-run volatility of the Indian commodity
futures market.
140
www.ijemr.in
Dr. Prabhakar Nandru , Srimathi Ganesan, Dr. Madhavaram Chendragiri (2021) , By analysing the
Impact of Macroeconomic indicators on selected Commodity Futures: Evidence from Indian
Derivatives Market, This study tells us that, policymakers should make changes to regulate
commodity prices to reduce inflation and exchange rate stability, leading to increased exports and
economic growth.
Liya A ,Qian Qin ,Hafiz Waqas Kamran, Anusara Sawangchai , Worakamol Wisetsri , Mohsin Raza
(2021) ,By studying the How macroeconomic indicators influence gold price management this
study tells us that Gold prices are more likely to increase as the rate of interest decreases.
Dayong Zhang, Min Hu, Qiang Ji, and Lijian Wei (2020),By studying the macro factors and the
realised volatility of commodities: A dynamic network analysis this study found us that
Commodities react differently to macroshocks, with crude oil and gold being more responsive to
market sentiment.
Vaibhav Daga , Dr. Leena James ,(2020) , By analysing the effect of Macroeconomic Factors on
the Price of Gold in India The study found that the price of gold has a strong correlation with the
foreign exchange rate, but little correlation with crude oil.
Shernaz Buchenwald , Harsh Purohit, Nidhi Choudhary (2020), By analysing the Causal
Dynamics in Indian Agriculture Commodity Prices and Macro-Economic Variables in the
presence of a structural break, it is found that Governments should adopt more open policy,
impose stronger regulations, and provide speculators with larger profit margins to prevent
speculation and market financialization.
Dr.M.Punitham, (2020), By studying the COMMODITY MARKET COLLISION WITH REFERENCE
TO GOLDof Private Commercial Banks. It is found that Investors should select the best commodity
to trade and the best organization to work with, as gold has increased in popularity due to
increased public interest.
3.1 Type of Research : Causal Research , to study the relationship between dependent and
independent variables
3.2 Sample Size : For this study the data has been collected for 15 years
3.3 Source of data : Secondary data collected from world bank website and
multicommodity exchange website
3.4 Period of study : 2007 to 2021
3.5 Tools and Techniques : Co – relation analysis , Regression Analysis .
3.6 HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis 1 :
H0 : There is no impact of macro economic variables such as GDP, Inflation rates , CPI, IPI, on
GOLD Prices .
H1 : There is a impact of macro economic variables such as GDP, Inflation rates , CPI, IPI, on
GOLD Prices .
Hypothesis 2 :
Crude Oil prices.
Crude Oil prices.
Hypothesis 3 :
Aluminium
Aluminium.
141
www.ijemr.in
Hypothesis 4 :
Cardamom .
Cardamom .
Limitations :
 The data is only limited to some selected macro economic variables .
 The data collected is of historical or past data .
 The sources for the data collection is not vast in nature .
 The study is only confined to only Indian markets .
 The study is not applicable for global markets .
Table 4.1 Correlation Analysis of Gold , Crudeoil , Cardamom , Aluminium with CPI ,
Inflation rate , Industry Production index and Gross domestic Product( GDP)
CPI Inflation GDP IPI
Rate
Gold 0.9329 -0.4418 -0.40165 -0.3682
Crude oil 0.1167 0.1834 0.1219 -0.0889
Aluminium 0.7809 -0.4288 -0.0014 -0.0284
Cardamom -0.1936 0.1820 -0.6563 -0.5605
Source : www.mcxindia.com,www.worldbank.org
website and results are drawn from Excel
Interpretation : The average value of gold has a higher degree of positive correlation towards
consumer price index and inflation rate, a lower degree of negative correlation towards gdp growth
rate, and a lower correlation towards ipr rate, The average value of crude oil has a lower degree of
positive correlation towards consumer price index, inflation rate, and gdp growth rate. It also has a
lower correlation towards ipr rate, as the value of the "r" is less than 0.08895. The average value of
aluminium has a high degree of positive correlation towards consumer price index, higher
correlation towards inflation rate, lower correlation towards gdp rate, and lower correlation towards
ipr rate. The average value of cardamom has a lower degree of positive correlation towards
consumer price index than inflation rate, and a moderate degree of negative correlation towards gdp
rate and ipr rate.
Table 4.2 Regression Analysis of Gold , Crudeoil , Cardamom , Aluminium with CPI , Inflation
rate , Industry Production index and Gross domestic Product( GDP)
CPI Inflation rate GDP IPI
R square Intercept R Intercept R Intercept R Intercept
square square square
GOLD 0.870345 0.27012 0.1951 -1.74369 0.161 -1.14731 0.135 -1.04389
CRUDE OIL 0.013632 0.00292 0.0336 0.06260 0.014 0.03011 0.007 -0.0218
ALUMINIUM 0.609843 0.03466 0.1839 -0.25947 0.186 -0.00062 0.008 -0.01234
CARDAMOM 0.037515 -0.005 0.0331 0.06402 0.430 -0.16706 0.314 -0.14157
Source : www.mcxindia.com,www.worldbank.org
website and results are drawn from Excel
Interpretation : The most important details are that the CPI explains 87.03% of the impact on
GOLD, the inflation rate explains 19.51%, the gdp growth rate explains 16.13%, the ipr rate
explains 13.56%, and the gold will show a negative change of 104 units for 1 unit change in ipr
rate. H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted that there is an impact of macro economic variables such as
GDP, Inflation rates, CPI, IPI, on GOLD prices. The R-square value is 0.013632 that is 1.36%. This
implies CPI is impacting the crude oil to an extent of 1.36% and remaining 98.64% of the impact is
explained by other variables. For 1 unit change in CPI, the crude oil will show a positive change of
0.29 units.
142
www.ijemr.in
The gdp growth rate explains 1.48% variation on crude oil, while the IPI explains 3.52% variation.
Crude oil prices are affected by macroeconomic factors like GDP, inflation rates, the CPI, IPI, and
IPI, with the CPI having the biggest effect. Prices for aluminium are affected by macroeconomic
factors like GDP, inflation rates, CPI, IPI, and IPI; the impact of the ipr rate on the price of
aluminium is 0.80%, with the remaining 99.2% of the variation being explained by other factors.
Macroeconomic variables such as GDP, Inflation rates, CPI, IPI have a negative impact on cardamom
prices.
Findings
 The analysis found that the consumer price index (independent variable) is having an impact on
average value of gold (dependent variable) at 87.03%, 19.51%, 16.13%, 13.56%, 1.36%, and 0.48%.
 The analysis found that there is a lower level of negative correlation between Industry Production
rate and Average value of crude oil, higher correlation between consumer price index and average
value of Aluminium, lower correlation between GDP growth rate and Aluminium average value, and
moderate correlation between inflation rate and cardamom average value.
Conclusion
The results of correlation and regression analysis show that the average price of gold is more
affected by the consumer price index variable and less affected by the industrial production rate
variable. Commodities have an impact on macroeconomic variables, with aluminium having a
greater impact than industrial production rate, cardamom more impacted by GDP growth rate and
inflation rate, and cardamom positively correlated with both.
References:
 Emmanuel Ayeni , Oluwaseyi Fanibuyan ( 2022) The dynamics of uncertainty, macroeconomic
variables, and capital market performance: A case study of Nigeria , Elsevier Publisher , 1
December 2022
 Asharani Samal , Mallesh Ummalla and Phanindra Goyari (2022) ,(The impact of macroeconomic
factors on food price inflation: evidence from India) , Future Business Journal, 21 July 2022
 Ramesh Muthangi, ,b) Dr D Senthil Kumar ,c) Dr M Madana Mohan,(2022),Impact of
Macroeconomic Variables on Gold Price in India: An Empirical Examination), Specialusis Ugdymas
/ Special Education, 1, (43)
 Nenavath Sreenu, K.S. S. Rao & Kishan D (2021), (The macroeconomic variables impact on
commodity futures volatility: A study on Indian markets), Cogent OA, part of Taylor & Francis
Group, 04 Aug 2021.
 Dr. Prabhakar Nandru , Srimathi Ganesan, Dr. Madhavaram Chendragiri (2021) , (Impact of
Macroeconomic indicators on selected Commodity Futures: Evidence from Indian Derivatives
Market) , RVIM Journal of Management Research,3,(1)
 Liya A ,Qian Qin ,Hafiz Waqas Kamran, Anusara Sawangchai , Worakamol Wisetsri , Mohsin
Raza (2021) ,(How macroeconomic indicators influence gold price management), Business Process
Management Journal© Emerald Publishing Limited , 01 July 2021
 Dayong Zhang, Min Hu, Qiang Ji, and Lijian Wei (2020), (Macro factors and the realised volatility
of commodities: A dynamic network analysis ), Elsevier Publisher , 06 Aug 2020
 Vaibhav Daga , Dr. Leena James ,(2020) ,(Effect of Macroeconomic Factors on the Price of Gold in
India), International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT),8,(3),March 2020 .
 Shernaz Buchenwald , Harsh Purohit, Nidhi Choudhary (2020), (The Causal Dynamics in Indian
Agriculture Commodity Prices and Macro-Economic Variables in the presence of a structural
break), Global Business Review,2020
 Dr.M.Punitham, (2020), (Commodity market collision with reference to Gold), (UGC care
journal),43,( 04) (xvi) october-december (2020)
143
www.ijemr.in
STUDY ON COMPARITIVE ANALSYSIS OF DIRECT EQUITY INVESTMENT AND MUTUAL FUND

INVESTMENT
Ms. Nisarga M, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Prof. SARAH MERLYN, Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
ABSTRACT
To create a plan that gives you a competitive advantage, competitive analysis involves assessing the
strengths and weaknesses of your rivals. A competitive analysis can shed light on the benefits and
drawbacks of each investment option in the context of direct equity investments and equity mutual
fund schemes, assisting investors in making wise resource allocation decisions. Investing in individual
companies' stocks directly on a stock exchange is known as direct equity. Due to the volatility of
individual equities, this style of investment has a larger risk but also has a bigger potential return. A
solid understanding of the stock market and specific companies is necessary for direct equity
participation, which also involves continual monitoring and management of the investment.
KEY WORDS: Mutual fund performance, direct equity investment and return.
I. INTRODUCTION
The financial sector offers investors a variety of investing opportunities nowadays. He may make
bank deposit investments, Bonds and corporate debt securities with minimal risk but low return. He
might purchase shares of businesses where the risk is high and the returns are correspondingly
great. Recent stock market trends have demonstrated that regular bearish movements always
resulted in losses for the ordinary retail investor. The individual investors receive the investment
earnings after that. The calculation used to determine a mutual fund's share price is known as the
net asset value per share (NAV). Depending each day on the fund's overall value divided by the
quantity of issued and outstanding shares. The standard deviation of each of these mutual funds is
calculated using the Net Asset Value (NAV) of the fund's one-year data. These are considered while
calculating the returns on those investments.
In the Indian financial market, the mutual fund sector is one that is expanding quickly. Despite the
fact that there are other investment options, investing in mutual funds through competent fund
management enables investors to do so in the capital markets with minimal risk and high rates of
return because there is funding diversification Investors have a variety of investment options at their
disposal. The investors must be well-versed in the risks and potential returns of the money they are
investing. Thus, this study aids in the analysis of the investment-related performance of the chosen
mutual fund schemes.
1. To study the performance of different types of equity and mutual fund investment.
2. To compare equity investment and mutual fund schemes with respect to return and risk.
3. To evaluate the performance of particular mutual fund schemes over the course of the study.
1 .( Nikin Rohit & Dr.Taral Patel, 2021) ―A Comparative Study on One Time Investment and
Systematic Investment Plans of Selected Mutual Fund Schemes at Gurukrupa Investments,
Bardoli. "Mutual funds are the most suitable investment for the typical person since they offer the
opportunity to participate in a varied, expertly managed portfolio. managed securities portfolio
available for a fair price. This is especially true for the mutual fund industry, as a new strategy for
investing in mutual funds called a systematic investment plan entails making regular payments of a
certain amount of money (SIP).
144
www.ijemr.in
2 .(S. B. Hapase and D. Surwade,2021) in their paper ―A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF

INVESTMENT BEHAVIOR OF RETAIL AND HIGH NET WORTH MUTUAL FUND INVESTORS OF
THE INDIA‖ The focus of this study is on Indian high net worth individuals (HNIs) and regular
investors in mutual funds. The main goal is to contrast these two investors' preferences for equities
mutual funds, asset under management, and folio numbers. This research study takes the most
recent ten fiscal years into account. This study is of the descriptive research style and is supported
by secondary data. The information came from the Association of Mutual Funds of India's research
papers (AMFI).
3. (Aniruddh Sahai and Prof. (Dr.) Ravinder Kumar,2020) in their paper ―Variation in Mutual
Fund Performance: A Comparative Study of Selected Equity Schemes in India for the Period
1995-2020‖ deals about the Mutual Fund schemes have offered varying returns over the decades.
While some funds have outperformed the benchmark stock market indices (Nifty, Sensex, Midcap
Index, Small Cap Index, etc.), others have only delivered tepid returns & have underperformed these
Indices. Similarly, the first half (of the period 1995-2020) delivered superior returns for equity
mutual funds when compared to the latter half. Thus, investors must recognize the cross-sectional &
longitudinal variation in the performance to be able to effectively deploy their resources & multiply
wealth.
4. (SHARMA, 2020) ―PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MUTUAL FUND: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
OF THE SELECTED DEBT MUTUAL FUND SCHEME IN INDIA‖ A corporation that collects money
from numerous investors and invests it in stocks, bonds, or other assets is known as a mutual fund.
A portfolio is the total holdings of stocks, bonds, or other assets that the funds own. Shares in the
funds, which each reflect a portion of these holdings, are owned by each investor. India has 44
mutual funds in total . The asset classes of today have also evolved from merely equities and debt to
gold funds, inflation, and more avant-garde funds like arbitrage funds, thanks to this good
development. To assess the performance of particular Indian debt mutual fund programmes and to
study these mutual funds' risk and return components.
5. (Dr. P. Venkatesh, Dr.V. Selvakumar , Dr. D. ShanthiRevathi and Dr. K. Maran,2020) in their
paper ―A Study on Performance Analysis of Selected Mutual Fund Schemes in India‖ in this
paper there are numerous investment opportunities in India that allow investors to make money.
Investments in mutual funds, as compared to other financial products, guarantee investors the
lowest risks and highest returns. The purpose and reach of mutual funds operation has expanded as
a result of the focus on domestic savings growth and improved investment diversification. As a
result, researching the mutual fund sector and its performance became crucial. This study intends
to assess the performance of a few chosen Indian mutual fund schemes based on their daily net
asset value (NAV) during the five-year period between 2015 and 2019. Ten open-ended, growth-
oriented equity funds have been chosen as a sample.
3.1 ANALYTICAL RESEARCH: Analytical research is a particular kind of research that calls for the
use of critical thinking abilities and the assessment of data and information pertinent to the project
at hand. Analytical research is used by a range of professionals, including psychologists, doctors,
and students, to identify the most pertinent material during investigations. Generally, the researcher
doing research in finance domain come under analytical research.
3.2 SAMPLING SIZE:
 10 Equity investment
 10 Equity based mutual fund schemes
3.3 TOOLS USED:
For this study the analysis and interpretation have been made with the help of graphs and
percentage of return with the help of excel software.
145
www.ijemr.in
3.4 LIMITATIONS:
 NO CONTROL OVER COST: In a plan, all of the investor's money is combined. All unit holders
must contribute to the costs of administering the plan in proportion to the number of units they
own. As a result, each individual investor has little influence over a scheme's costs.
 MANAGEMENT RISK: The probability that the fund manager would perform worse than the
benchmark is known as management risk. One way to reduce management risk is to invest in index
funds. But in terms of returns, the index fund will never outperform the market.
 NO GUARANTEES: These factors include the activity of the particular market in which the
money is invested, the performance of specific assets owned, and the team's expertise in managing
investments. The fund makes no promise of any return to the unitholders because returns generated
by the markets cannot be guaranteed.
IV. DATA ANALYSIS
AVERAGE PRICE OF ALL COMPANY
MOTILAL QUNATUM NIPPON
ICICI JSW KOTAK TATA ADITYA EDELWEIS
OSWAL UTI NIFTY INDIA
Year NIFTY STEEL NIFTY
M50 NIFTY 50
STEEL
50 EQUITY
BSL NIFTY S NIFTY 50
NIFTY 50
EQUITY EQUITY EQUITY EQUITY 50 EQUITY EQUITY
EQUITY EQUTY BEES
2017-18 102.811 245.4744 377.3373 95.6068 1077.095 619.8189 1033.553 105.9678 11104.76 1031.828
2018-19 112.608 322.603 110.9175 105.2514 1097.113 548.9083 1134.205 112.7844 12401.5 1132.447
2019-20 120.811 251.4202 118.8357 112.2178 1168.438 248.2591 1218.413 125.0445 14777.22 899.6833
2020-21 127.286 292.704 125.0524 117.6765 1248.014 470.2669 1277.97 133.0305 15828.64 128.0872
2021-22 178.589 676.3097 175.3494 165.1017 1738.928 1215.33 1751.561 123.4195 20870.63 179.6518
PERCENTAGE RETURNS OF ALL COMPANY
ICICI JSW KOTAK MOTILAL QUNATUM TATA ADITYA EDELWEIS NIPPON
UTI NIFTY
Year NIFTY STEEL NIFTY OSWAL STEEL
50 EQUITY
BSL NIFTY S NIFTY 50 INDIA
EQUITY EQUITY EQUITY M50 NIFTY 50 EQUITY 50 EQUITY EQUITY NIFTY 50
2017-18 4.26 18.94 -32.11 3.55 2.73 8.32 5.21 6.37 18.39 4.47
2018-19 5.87 1.45 5.89 7.06 9.51 -2.31 6.58 6.41 26.12 6.04
2019-20 -10.37 -23.54 -11.1 -10.71 -13.83 -23.01 -9.87 -4.65 -8.68 -47.07
2020-21 24.09 51.02 7.34 24.17 27.3 48.31 22.32 20.16 36.31 23.51
2021-22 7.41 17.55 7.34 7.58 7.78 19.94 7.65 -29.39 33.31 7.41
PERCENTAGE RETURNS (YEAR ON YEAR) OF ALL COMPANY
ICICI JSW KOTAK MOTILAL QUNATUM TATA ADITYA EDELWEIS NIPPON

UTI NIFTY
Year NIFTY STEEL NIFTY OSWAL STEEL
50 EQUITY
BSL NIFTY S NIFTY 50 INDIA
EQUITY EQUITY EQUITY M50 NIFTY 50 EQUITY 50 EQUITY EQUITY NIFTY 50
2017-18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2018-19 9.53 31.42 -70.61 10.09 1.86 -11.44 9.74 6.43 11.68 9.75
2019-20 7.28 -22.07 7.14 6.62 6.5 -54.77 7.42 10.87 19.16 -20.55
2020-21 5.36 16.42 5.23 4.86 6.81 89.43 4.89 6.39 7.12 -85.76
2021-22 40.3 131.06 40.22 40.3 39.34 158.43 37.06 -7.22 31.85 40.26
146
www.ijemr.in
AVERAGE PRICE OF ALL COMPANY

CANARA IDFC MIRAE TATA
HDFC KOTAK NIPPON
ROBECO IDBI NIFTY NIFTY 50 ASSET SBI BLUE NIFTY 50 UTI CORE
Year BLUE
INDEX
INDEX INDEX
BLUE
LARGE
INDIA ETE
CHIP INDEX EQUITY
NIFTY 50 CHIP NIFTY 100
CHIP FUND CAP FUND
2017-18 22.6433 90.43128 18.5785 20.37672 213.9578 46.8584 106.2563 38.20422 59.79458 62.65053
2018-19 24.6768 99.12432 20.0052 456.12 221.9464 50.076 113.8833 39.54651 65.22391 62.81498
2019-20 27.26347 105.9374 21.1917 480.4881 235.8129 54.1889 119.2422 41.83413 69.53822 61.29448
2020-21 31.40718 111.3257 22.1312 465.2105 254.5611 57.8652 124.6664 44.45541 72.80303 63.40503
2021-22 43.80502 155.6926 30.5183 657.2137 358.0602 81.3835 174.0012 62.8143 101.1626 97.88023
PERCENTAGE RETURN OF ALL COMPANY
CANARA HDFC IDFC KOTAK MIRAE NIPPON TATA

IDBI NIFTY SBI BLUE UTI CORE
Year ROBECO INDEX
INDEX
NIFTY 50 BLUE ASSET INDIA ETE
CHIP
NIFTY 50
EQUITY
BLUE NIFTY 50 INDEX CHIP LARGE NIFTY 100 INDEX
2017-18 4.69 4.37 3.53 4.31 3.55 5.04 4.23 4.71 4.07 4.37
2018-19 5.09 5.98 5.49 6.52 3.55 5.54 4.71 2.3 5.87 0.78
2019-20 -4.12 -10.64 -12.48 -14.03 -8.63 -9.52 -10.89 -9.78 -10.44 -15.07
2020-21 22.57 24.48 24.15 23.05 23.95 23.81 23.79 25.18 23.85 27.41
2021-22 6.56 7.36 6.84 7.64 6.54 7.31 7.39 6.44 7.21 8.26
PRECENTAGE RETURN (YEAR ON YEAR) OF ALL COMPANY
CANARA HDFC IDFC KOTAK MIRAE NIPPON TATA

IDBI NIFTY SBI BLUE UTI CORE
Year ROBECO INDEX
INDEX
NIFTY 50 BLUE ASSET INDIA ETE
CHIP
NIFTY 50
EQUITY
BLUE NIFTY 50 INDEX CHIP LARGE NIFTY 100 INDEX
2017-18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2018-19 8.98 9.61 7.68 2138.44 3.73 6.87 7.18 3.51 9.08 0.26
2019-20 10.48 6.87 5.93 5.34 6.25 8.21 4.71 5.78 6.61 -2.42
2020-21 15.2 5.09 4.43 -3.18 7.95 6.78 4.55 6.27 4.69 3.44
2021-22 39.47 39.85 37.9 41.27 40.66 40.64 39.57 41.3 38.95 54.37
CONCLUSION
The many questions before direct investment in equities and mutual fund investments are answered
by a comparison of ten direct equity and mutual fund investments. Direct equity investments require
greater business, financial market, and budget knowledge than indirect equity investments, which
can also yield enormous returns but come with variable risk and return. In contrast, the risk is
minimal and the return is predetermined for new investors and stockholders. "In comparison to
other choices, mutual funds are thought to be one of the greatest investing options because of their
typical cheap cost. Investors are recommended to take the statistical parameter into account in order
to guarantee the mutual fund's constant performance. They can use this study's insights into
mutual fund performance to make informed investment choices and allocate their funds to the best
mutual fund schemes ". They primarily serve the interests of the individual investor by offering
prospects for growth, safety, liquidity, and regular income. Therefore, before making an investment
decision, mutual fund investors must assess the performance of the schemes. Investors can utilise
the research findings to better understand the financial performance of mutual fund schemes.
147
www.ijemr.in
REFERENCES
1 .D. S. (2019). A Comparative Analysis of Tax Saver Mutual Fund Schemes in India (Vols. Volume XI,
Issue X). The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis.
2. Chawl, D. V. (2014). Performance Evaluation of Mutual Funds: A Study of Selected Diversified
Equity Mutual Funds in India (Vol. ICBLCSR'14). International Conference on Business, Law and
Corporate Social Responsibility.
3. Dr. P. Venkatesh, D. ,. (2020). A Study on Performance Analysis of Selected Mutual Fund Schemes
in India (Vols. Volume: 63 , Issue: 2s). Solid State Technology.
4. Dr.R.Perumal, R. G. (2017). Mutual Fund Financial Performance Analysis - (Comparative Study On
Equity Diversified Schemes And Equity Mid-Cap Schemes) (Vol. Vol 11). Amet International Journal Of
Management.
5. Ghosh, S. R. (2012). A Comparative Study of Mutual Fund Performance during Recession in India
(Vol. Volume 2 Issue 2). International Journal of Financial Management.
WEBSITES
https://www.nseindia.com/
148
www.ijemr.in
―A STUDY ON FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED EQUITY STOCKS WITH MEDIA

INDUSTRY‖
Ms. Reshma A, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Prof. Sarah Merlyn, Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of Technology,
ABSTRACT
The fundamental analysis will explain the market's current state, requiring investors to go through it in
order to get good performance from their chosen stocks, which may also be used in long-term
strategies.The tools will explain the variations in stock prices as they relate to changes in economic
trends, providing the foundation for investment ideas in the media sector when the pandemic situation
altered investor interest owing to lower share return. The aforementioned conclusion was drawn from
the company's annual report, which details the real performance of the business. The resources utilised
include the dividend pay out ratio, revenue from equity, Return on investment, cost per share (EPS).
I. INTRODUCTION
Fundamental analysis is a method of evaluating the financial health and performance of a company
by examining its underlying economic and industry factors. In the media industry, key factors that
are analysed include advertising revenue, content acquisition costs, audience size and engagement,
and competition from other media companies. Analysts also consider broader trends in the media
landscape such as the shift towards digital media consumption and the impact of new technologies
on traditional media business models. Ultimately, fundamental analysis seeks to provide investors
with insight into a company's long-term growth prospects and financial stability.
The study will be useful in determining what fundamental analysis-based trading methods an
investor should use. Fundamental Analysis is a new tool that enables investors to determine whether
a company is fundamentally sound and assists those looking to invest methodically in a competitive
market. The study highlights the significance of investment decisions, serves as guidance, aids in
decision-making, and forecasts the final price of the stocks.
OBJECTIVES
 To identify and suggest the investors most suitable stocks in the selected sectors.
 To study growth & performance of selected stocks by analysing the profitability and financial
health of the company.
 To make investment decisions based on the valuation.
Mr. Reuben Mario R, (2022), ), A Study on Stock Market Analysis for Selective Companies Listed In
BSE, Stock markets benefit the economy and investors, but diversification is important. Don't rely
solely on technical indicators; compare with fundamental analysis.
Gabriel Druta, Laura Raisa Milos,(2022), ), Importance of Fundamental Analysis in the Market
Valuation of the Medical Sector. Evidence from a Developed Stock Market, Some indicators can
support theories about future stock prices, but historical data is not the best predictor. Efficient
markets theory suggests stock prices reflect all available information.
Priyadharshini Arumugam, Shalavika B, Prasanna Kumar Kantipudi, (2021), ), An Analysis of Stock
prices of IT companies in the year 2020, The pandemic caused stock market declines, highlighting
the importance of preparation and understanding the market's instability.
Himanshu Vasani, Dr Vijay Gondaliya, (2021), ), A study on Fundamental and Technical analysis on
IT sector Companies, Fundamental analysis can help investors assess the potential risks and returns
of IT sector investments.
Manju Y Shattennavar, Prof. Pramod S G, (2020), ), A study on Fundamental analysis of IT,
Pharmaceuticals and Cement sector‖, Fundamental analysis considers the economy, industry, and
company performance to make informed investment decisions.
149
www.ijemr.in
Dr.Shashi Gupta,(2020), ), An Analysis of Fundamentals of Selected It Companies Listed At NSE, The

IT sector is a promising investment opportunity due to its growth, particularly in India.
Ms. T. Venkata Swapna, Dr. S. Subbalakshmi, (2020), A STUDY ON FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS OF
SELECTED STOCKS OF IT SECTOR, DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION, Relative value indicators and
intrinsic valuation methods can help forecast future stock returns.
Varsha Sharma & Sanjay Biyani, (2019), ), A STUDY ON FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS: EVIDENCE
FROM SELECTED INDIAN IT STOCKS, India's IT sector contributes significantly to its development
and growth, making companies in the sector promising investments.
Santy Mayda Batubara , Fenni Supriadi , Ryani Yulian ,Hazmanan Khair ,(2019), The Strategy of
Investment Decision Making Based on Fundamental Analysis to Evaluate The Fairness Stock Price,
Stock investments should consider economic conditions, business performance, and intellectual
capital.
Isaac KofNti, Adebayo Felix Adekoya, Benjamin Asubam Weyori,(2019), A systematic review
of fundamental of stock market predictions, A comparison of previous studies' data structure,
machine learning usage, error measurements, and modelling software can confirm findings in
literature.
 Types of research - Exploratory research
 Sample size – five years of media industry that is PVR, Sun Tv, Zee entrainment, Network 18
Media & investment, Inox leisure.
 Instrument design - Dividend pay-out ration, Return on equity, Return on asset, Earing per
share, Debt on equity ratio, Net profit margin ratio, Dividend per share, CAGR.
Limitations
 There might be sudden changes in the market because past data is independent to ascertain the
future value.
 The information limited by the 5 years of performance.
 The study from the secondary data.
Table 4.1 Dividend pay-out ratio
YEAR 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
PVR 0.90 0.05 0.31 0 0
SUN TV 0.32 0.12 0.68 0.316 0.35
ZEE 0.17 0.02 0.44 0.16 0.12
ENTERTAINMENT
Network 18 Media & 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
investment
Inox leisure. 0.00 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.00
The table shows the changes in dividend payments of different companies. PVR paid the highest
dividend of 0.90 in 2018, while Sun TV paid the highest dividend of 0.68 in 2020. Zee Entertainment
paid 0.44 in 2020, and Network 18 Media & Investment did not pay any dividend. Inox Leisure paid
a dividend of 0.65 in 2020.
Table 4.2 Earning per share
YEAR 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
PVR 27.00 39.00 5.00 -136.0 -18.0
SUN TV 29 36 35.00 39.00 42.00
ZEE 19.9 17.23 7.83 11.67 13.94
ENTRITAINMENT
Network 18 Media -1.00 -3.00 -2.00 0.00 2.00
& investment
Inox leisure. 12.00 14.00 2.00 -32.00 -20.0
150
www.ijemr.in
The table above shows the earnings of shareholders in different companies. PVR paid the highest
earnings in 2019, while Sun TV earned the most in 2022. Zee Entertainment had the highest
earnings in 2018, while Network 18 Media & Investment earned the most in 2022. Inox Leisure had
the highest earnings in 2019.
Table 4.3 Dividend per share
YEAR 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
PVR 2.43 1.95 6.55 0 0
SUN TV 10.15 113.76 23.8 4.68 13.44
ZEE 2.388 2.75 3.44 0.23 2.36
ENTRITAINMENT
Network 18 Media 0 0 0 0 0
& investment
Inox leisure. 0 0 1.3 0 0
The table displays dividend per share values of different companies. PVR paid the highest dividend in
2020, which was 6.55 per share. Sun TV paid the highest dividend in 2019, which was 113.76 per
share. Network 18 Media & Investment did not pay any dividend. Inox Leisure paid a dividend of 1.3
per share in 2020.
Table 4.4 Net profit margin ratio
YEAR 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
PVR 5.27 6.10 0.79 - -
99.76 29.47
SUN TV 35.82 35.37 36.75 43.96 42.97
ZEE 26.82 2.21 8.93 14.29 16.11
ENTRITAINMENT
Network 18 Media -9.01 -2.43 1.93 12.01 13.68
& investment
Inox leisure 20.49 90.07 0.78 - -0.17
24.78
The table shows the profit ratios of different companies. PVR had a higher profit ratio in 2019 at
6.10, while Sun TV earned more profit in 2022 at 42.97. Zee Entertainment had a higher profit ratio
of 26.82 in 2018 before the pandemic. Network 18 Media & Investment earned a profit of 13.36 in
2022, while Inox Leisure earned a profit of 20.49 in 2019.
Table 4.5 Debt on equity ratio
YEAR 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
PVR 50.25332 83.63201 144.6777 123.4786 120.0957
SUN TV 26.76594 31.45412 33.02659 40.32902 45.15885
ZEE 115.9344 134.7188 128.8927 133.3892 137.8258
ENTRITAINMENT
Network 18 Media 14.50498 16.32327 16.64324 15.94906 17.66468
& investment
Inox leisure. 13.36325 14.41175 37.16912 33.64077 32.59767
The table displays the debt equity ratio of the companies, where PVR had the highest leverage in
2020 with a ratio of 144.6777. Sun TV had a ratio of 45.15 in 2022, while Zee Entertainment had
the highest leverage in 2022 at 137.82. Network 18 Media & Investment had a ratio of 17.66 in 2022,
and Inox Leisure had a high ratio of 37.64 in 2020.
151
www.ijemr.in
Table 4.6 Return on equity

YEAR 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
PVR 2.66902 4.076166 5.584667 -13.3349 -8.02415
SUN TV 0.177108 0.13893 0.14179 0.128645 0.119373
ZEE 0.050212 0.058006 0.127694 0.085682 0.07176
ENTRITAINMENT
Network 18 Media -2.94354 -4.19922 4.959096 0.907367 0.637843
& investment
Inox leisure. 0.838877 0.744506 6.839447 -0.31858 -0.49006
In the above table PVR as the more ROE 5.58 in the year 2020, in sun tv it as high performance in
the year 2018 that is 0.17, zee entrainment high in the year 2020 that is 0.12, in the company
network 18 media & investment as high in the year 2020 that is 4.95, Inox leisure as high
performance in the 2020 that is 6.83.
Table 4.7 Return on asset
YEAR 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
PVR 18.33479 16.42295 20.69763 -9.9862 -15.1772
SUN TV 0.043394 0.040443 0.045714 0.047184 0.051025
ZEE 0.055932 0.072697 0.168307 0.112366 0.097312
ENTRITAINMENT
Network 18 Media -0.35695 -0.64727 0.81742 0.147866 0.107201
& investment
Inox leisure. 0.105954 0.10352 1.764075 -0.11254 -0.1622
In the above table PVR as more asset in the year 20.69 in the year 2020, Sun tv as more asset in the
year 2022 that is 0.05 , zee entrainment as more in the year 2020 that is 0.16 , network 18 Media &
investment as more asset in the year 2020 that is 0.81, inox leisure as high in the year 2020 that is
1.76.
Table 4.8 Compound annual growth rate (CAGR)
PVR SUN TV ZEE Network 18 Inox leisure
ENTRITAINMENT Media &
investment
-6% 4% 3% 24% -12%
In the above table it shows the annual growth of the company by comparing between 5 company
were network 18 media & investment as a high annual growth rate in the media industry.
V. FINDINGS & CONCLUSION
 PVR - High income in 2018, decreased due to pandemic. Best financial performance and
maintained asset in 2019. Best dividend per share in 2020. Good profit in 2019. High debt in 2021.
Decreased rate of return in negative.
 SUN TV - High income in 2020, decreased due to pandemic. Increased actual stock price in 2022.
Best financial performance and maintained asset in 2022. Best dividend per share in 2018. Good
profit in 2021. High debt in 2022. Decreased rate of return in negative.
 ZEE ENTERTAINMENT - High income in 2020, decreased due to pandemic. Actual stock price
continuously increasing. Best financial performance and maintained asset. Best dividend per share
in 2020. Good profit in 2018. High debt in 2022. Decreased rate of return in negative.
 Network 18 Media & investment - Actual stock price best in 2022. Normal financial performance
and asset. No dividend declared. Good profit in 2022. High debt in 2022. Decreased rate of return in
negative.
 Inox leisure - High income in 2020, decreased due to pandemic. Best financial performance and
maintained asset in 2020. Best dividend per share in 2020. Good profit in 2019. High debt in 2020.
Decreased rate of return in negative.
152
www.ijemr.in
Conclusion
Fundamental analysis is an important process that helps investors evaluate the performance and
growth potential of a company's stock. By analyzing various financial ratios and indicators, investors
can make informed decisions about which stocks to invest in for the long term. In the media
industry, the pandemic has led to changes in investor interest and returns on shares, which can be
analyzed using tools such as dividend payout ratio, return on equity, return on assets, earnings per
share, debt-to-equity ratio, net profit margin ratio, dividend per share, and CAGE. Annual reports
provide valuable information for this analysis.
Reference
 K.S Shilpa, J Arya mol A S Ambily, (2017), ―A study on fundamental analysis of selected IT
companies listed at NSE‖, Jour of Adv. Research in Dynamical and Control System, 5,2017.
 Mr. Reuben Mario R, (2022), A Study on Stock Market Analysis for Selective Companies Listed In
BSE, International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT),(2320-2882)
 Gabriel Druta, Laura Raisa Milos,(2022), Importance of Fundamental Analysis in the Market
Valuation of the Medical Sector, ―Ovidius‖ University Annals, Economic Sciences Series
 Priyadharshini Arumugam, Shalavika B, Prasanna Kumar Kantipudi, (2021), An Analysis of Stock
prices of IT companies in the year 2020, at. Volatiles & Essent. Oils,( 8(5): 9885-9894)
 Himanshu Vasani, Dr Vijay Gondaliya, (2021), A study on Fundamental and Technical analysis
on IT sector Companies, © 2021 JETIR,( 2349-5162).
 Manju Y Shattennavar, Prof. Pramod S G, (2020), A study on Fundamental analysis of IT,
Pharmaceuticals and Cement sector‖, International E Conference on Adapting to the New Business
Normal – The way ahead,( ISBN: 978-93-83302-47-5).
 Dr.Shashi Gupta,(2020), An Analysis of Fundamentals of Selected It Companies Listed At NSE,
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI).
 Ms. T. Venkata Swapna, Dr. S. Subbalakshmi, (2020), A STUDY ON FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS
OF SELECTED STOCKS OF IT SECTOR, Mukt Shabd Journal,(2347-3150).
 Varsha Sharma & Sanjay Biyani, (2019), A STUDY ON FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS EVIDENCE
FROM SELECTED INDIAN IT STOCKS
 Santy Mayda Batubara , Fenni Supriadi , Ryani Yulian ,Hazmanan Khair ,(2019), The Strategy of
Investment Decision Making Based on Fundamental Analysis to Evaluate The Fairness Stock Price,
ICEMAB, (DOI 10.4108/eai.8-10-2018.2288673).
 Isaac KofNti, Adebayo Felix Adekoya, Benjamin Asubam Weyori,(2019), A systematic review
of fundamental of stock market predictions, Department of Computer Science, Sunyani Technical
University, Sunyani, Ghana 2 Department of Computer Science and Informatics, University
of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghan.
153
www.ijemr.in
A STUDY ON CROSS-SECTIONAL EXAMINATION PERFORMANCE OF EQUITY MUTUAL FUND

SCHEMES
Mr. Madhusudhan Yadav, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global
Prof. Venkatesh Kumar N, Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study is to examine the cross-sectional study examines the performance of equity
mutual fund schemes in India the study analyzes the performance of 50 mutual fund schemes over a
period of five years from 2016 to 2020 using various measures such as risk-return and volatility the
study funds the performance of mutual fund schemes varied significantly across different fund houses
and schemes while some schemes outperform their benchmarks and parse other underperformed the
study also reveals that performance is not a relatable indicator of future performance and investors
should consider various factors such as investment objective risk tolerance and fund managers track
record before investing in mutual fund schemes
History
The Unit Trust of India, the country's first investment fund, was founded in 1963, the beginning of the
history of hedge funds in India (UTI). Up until the late 1990s, when private sector mutual funds were
permitted to be founded, UTI controlled the mutual fund market in India for the ensuing several
decades there are 4 periods in the phases of history A mutual fund is an institution that is
professionally managed by a portfolio manager and invests on behalf of investors. Fund managers
will deeply analyze the performance of every company and identify the best-performing companies
and invest in them. Mutual funds are mainly managed by fund managers and are completely taken
care of by the amount that is invested by the investor. A mutual fund provides a convenient and
effective way of investing for an individual by managed by professionals, diversification, and liquidity,
an individual preferer to grow as an investor should prefer investing for mutual funds
comparatively This study is required to examine the various equity schemes based on their returns
from the past three years so that it helps the investor to clearly analyze the schemes which provide
him good returns compared to a bank, fixed deposits, and bonds The evaluation of mutual funds is
necessary because even mutual funds have risk components same as equity shares.
The objective of a cross-sectional examination of the performance of equity mutual fund schemes is
to analyze and compare the performance of different mutual fund schemes that invest in equity
securities Evaluating the performance of a mutual fund scheme relative to its benchmark
Inderjit Kaur 2014 The inefficient funds often need to raise their return by 0.115 units while
decreasing risk (measured by standard deviation) by 0.004 units, beta by 0.042 units, and
expense ratio by 0.006 units. Examining the funds' slack variables allows for identifying the main
causes of this deficiency The important finding is that the Joint-Venture and foreign institution
funds are more efficient.
Dr.Shantanu Mehta , Charmi Shah September 2012 Preference of investors for Indian Mutual
Funds and its Performance Evaluation The annual income of the respondent and % in the
statement of mutual fund in total the l Investments, Share of Mutual funds in your total Investment,
Qualification of the respondent and knowledge about the mutual fund,
Naresh Chaudhari, Chaudhari Vas, Narana, Deodar 8 February 2021 Performance Evaluation Of
selected Hybrid Mutual Funds In India This study is based on ten selected hybrid mutual funds.
Hybrid funds are usually divided into equity holdings and less aggressive mutual funds because
most of their equity investments are riskier, while conservative mutual funds are less risky and less
volatile
154
www.ijemr.in
Shivam Tripathi, Dr. Gurudutta P. Japee MARCH 2020 Performance Evaluation Of Selected Equity
Mutual Funds In India Large-cap fund, Midcap fund Small cap fund , Large cap funds mid-cap fund,
Small cap fund The investment fund's portfolio is organized and kept up to date according to the
speculative objectives set out in the outline
Dr Vikas Choudhary, Preeti Sehgal Chawla Oct 1-2, 2014 Performance Evaluation of Mutual Funds:
A Study of Selected Diversified Equity Mutual Funds in IndiaThe performance of the selected funds is
evaluated by average return , standard deviation, beta and R . Performance alone should not be
taken as the basis for measuring the performance of a mutual fund system, but should also include
the risk taken by the - fund manager because different funds have different levels of risk
Kca Journal Of Business Management 2009 Investigating the Performance of Equity-based Mutual
Fund Schemes in Indian Scenariothe findings are that Franklin Templeton and UTI's equity-based
open-ended mutual fund schemes provide relatively superior returns to the investors. Small
investors are well-advised to analyze the return and risk parameters of the mutual funds, over longer
period of time, before their investment decisions
Mr. BHADRAPPA HARALAYYA, Prof. Lingaraj Appa April-2022 Comparative Study on Performance
Evaluation of Mutual Funds with Reference to Banking Funds Mutual funds have become the
speculator's, long-term transport payment decisive tool. An investment fund is the most popular
speculative option for the risk-based financial elite because it offers the opportunity to invest
resources in an expanded, professionally managed portfolio that requires little leverage
N. Bhagyasree, Mrs. B. Kishori April 2016 A Study on Performance Evaluation of Mutual Funds
Schemes in India The maximum return was from the Tata equity opportunities fund the and
minimum return was from the Reliance growth fund. In the context of risk, it found from the table
that schemes had less risky than the market risk and the remaining schemes had risk greater than
the market risk
Prof. Kalpesh P Prajapati, Prof. Mahesh K Patel July 2012 Comparative Study On Performance
Evaluation Of Mutual Fund Schemes Of Indian Companies performance of all the schemes was found
to be poor with the exception of Reliance Short Term Equity Fund - Growth. In all five years duration,
HDFC Top 200 Fund-Growth performed well compared to other schemes.
P. Sathish, K. Sakthi Srinivasan May 2016 Performance Evaluation of Selected open Ended Mutual
Fund Schemes In India: An Empirical Study In this study, the performance of 20 open-ended fund
systems distributed in shares was evaluated for the period January 2010 to December 201 . The
performance of these systems was analyzed in terms of risk and performance.
Zheng Sun, Ashley Wang, Lu Zheng August 2009 Do Active Funds Perform Better In Down Markets?
- New Evidence from Cross-Sectional Study We find that the most active funds outperform the least
active funds by .5 to 6.1 percent per year in bear markets, after adjusting for rewards and risks. But
they do not succeed at higher levels. Interaction between fund performance and industry
Manufacturing finds similar results. More active funds have a stronger cycle development
Sathya Swaroop Debasish 2009 Investigating the Performance of Equity-based Mutual Fund
Schemes in Indian Scenarioin the private and public sectors in a compressed format showing
different performance parameters. With a performance base of, UTI Mutual Fund Schemes and
Franklin Templeton Schemes excelled in the public and private sectors. Deutsche
Sahil Jain, Dr. Aditi Gangopadhyay 2012 Analysis of Equity-Based Mutual Funds in Indiathe
difference between the expected and the actual rate of return of would lead us to the conclusion. If
the difference is positive, ie. if the actual return is greater than the expected return, the asset is above
the equity line and vice versa. So we say that the mutual fund scheme overperformed and vice versa
Rajesh R. Duggimpudi, Hussein A. Abdou, Mohamed Zaki 2010 An evaluation of equity diversified
mutual funds: the case of the Indian market This section calculates the average return and
standard deviation of each individual stock diversified mutual fund based on the quarterly average
returns for the periods 2000-2009 and also for the period 2005-2009. , it can conclude that all À
values for all funds are positive and statistically significant at 90%.
Ayelen Banegas, Ben Gillen, Allan Timmermann, Russ Wermers 2012 The Cross-section of
Conditional Mutual Fund Performance in European Stock Markets the underperformance of US
equity funds from 1980 to 2006, as documented by Barras, Scaillet, and Wermers (2010).
155
www.ijemr.in
Note that the four- factor alpha is an unusually high for 1988-1998 compared to the CAPM. alpha
Next, we discuss the evolution of the portfolio of our five investor types described in the previous
section , CAPM, BCAPM, BSMA, BAMA and BAMAP.
Mr.Russ Wermers 21 May 2014. Momentum Investment Strategies of Mutual Funds, Performance
Persistence, and Survivorship Bias The performance of the mutual fund universe during the 20-year
period, on a risk-adjusted basis, is something we look at once more to see if the funds were more
heavily invested in tiny stocks than the value- weighted portfolio. a typical mutual fund
Mrs. Janice Loftus 01 February 2016. The Investment Performance of Socially Responsible
Investment Funds in Australia The average investment is 19.19% in international capital markets,
with Australian fixed-interest securities accounting for another 11.74%. Although the results
obviously have economic relevance given the absolute scale of the SRI fund underperformance, the
results give no indication of the statistical significance
H. KENT BAKER, JOHN A. HASLEM, AND DAVID M. SMITH 2008 Performance and Characteristics of
Actively Managed Institutional Equity Mutual Funds Our findings should be of special interest to
fund advisers, regulators, researchers, institutional investors, and large individual investors given
the volume of institutional funds and the size of their assets. institutional investors' dilemma is
whether Finally, we contrast our findings with the existing literature on mutual funds to identify any
potential discrepancies between our findings and those of institutional funds.
David Rakowski, Xaioxin Wang 2009 The dynamics of short-term mutual fund flows and returns: A
time-series and cross-sectional investigation These findings show that traders in mutual funds do
not just rely on exogenous liquidity. Needs. They react quickly to fund information and direct their
investments toward those funds whose performance is better and for which information is readily
available We study the daily mutual fund flows' time-series characteristics,
John A. Haslem, , H. Kent Baker, David M. Smith 2008 Performance and characteristics of actively
managed retail equity mutual funds with diverse expense ratios In this analysis, we present a
substantial body of evidence regarding the characteristics and performance of 1,779 domestic,
actively managed retail equities mutual funds in the United States. We discover that Morningstar
categories have very different expense ratios. Our findings show that funds with lower expense ratios
perform better than those with higher expenditure ratios overall.
Marcin Kacperczyk, Clemens Sialm, Lu Zheng September 2004 On the industry concentration of
actively managed equity mutual funds By focusing their assets in particular sectors, mutual fund
managers might stray from the passive market portfolio. We examine whether mutual fund managers
hold concentrated portfolios as a result of their industry-specific investment expertise.
Soumya Guha Deb 2 April 2019 Persistence in performance of actively managed equity mutual
funds: New Indian evidence we take into account all funds that are present in each combination of
the formation period and test period and take a time series average of cases of persistence or
reversals based on the same test. We find no evidence of persistence for the passive index funds in
both short-term and long-term time horizons, negating the possibility of bias in the persistence test
methodologies
Antti Petajisto July/August 2013 Active Share and Mutual Fund Performance I defined categories of
funds on the basis of the grid and called them according to the general type of active management
they engaged in closet indexers" reflecting their mean Active Share of less than 60% in order to
simplify this 5 5 grid and make it economically more meaningful. These findings indicate some
market inefficiencies that can be taken advantage of through active stock selection. Additionally, I
discovered that active stock selection performs best when there is a significant cross- sectional
spread in stock returns. After fees and expenses
H. KENT BAKER, JOHN A. HASLEM, AND DAVID M. SMITH 2009 Performance and Characteristics of
Actively Managed Institutional Equity Mutual Funds The data in Panel A show a trend for expense
ratios to be lower for more mature funds because the medians of these performance indicators are
highest in this category. According to a finding, institutional investors may choose more established
funds.
156
www.ijemr.in
Sahil Jain1 , Dr. Aditi Gangopadhyay July-Aug. 2012 Analysis of Equity Based Mutual Funds in
India The fundamental concept of the study is to estimate a scheme's expected return (which is
proportionate to the risk), and then compare that estimate to the scheme's actual rate of return
during the specified time period. the worst has been LIC. There isn't a single over-performing LIC
mutual fund plan out of the company's nine available options. Nevertheless, 11 out of 16 initiatives
were successful
3.1Variable definition and data
In my research, I have considered 24 equity-oriented schemes to cross-examine the performance of
equity in Bank-sponsored, Institution based mutual funds, Private mutual funds, joint ventures, foreign
mutual funds
3.2 Period of study
I have collected secondary data of each equity scheme from AMFI for a period of 3 years where from 1st
Jan 2020 to 31st Dec 2022
3.3 Data analysis framework
By using this NAV Data of each scheme. I will calculate the return of each scheme and also the
return of the market index. I will perform descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation,
and skewness. A Normality test is performed in order to all the 24 schemes to ascertain the
symmetrical distribution of return data Regression analysis would examine the nature of the
relationship between scheme performance and market performance
3.4.1 Descriptive Statistics: for all 25 schemes finding the standard deviation, average return
Skewness
3.4.2 NORMALITY EXAMINATION: A normality test is performed for all the scrips to examine the
symmetric distribution between the price through the Jamovi tool
3.4.3 Regression analysis: Examining the nature of the relationship between scheme performance
and market performance
3.4.4 One-way ANOVA: To check whether there is a significant or insignificant relationship between
the schemes and benchmark
Ho: If the given data follows normal distribution at 5% degree of significance, then the data is
symmetrically distributed [Skewness=0].
H1: If the given data does not follow normal distribution at 5% degree of significance, then the data
is asymmetrically distributed [Skewness ≠0].
IV DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1 Normality Test
TABLE NO:4.1: Normality test for 24 equity schemes at 5% level of significant
Shapiro-wilk(P)
SL.NO NAME OF SCHEMES Decision at (5%)
1 BARODAHYBRID EQUITY FUND <.001 Significant
2 CANARA ROBECO BLUE CHIP EQUITY FUND <.001 Significant
3 SBI EQUITY OPPORTUNITIES FUND - SERIES <.001 Significant
IV
4 Union Equity Savings Fund <.001 Significant
5 BANK OF INDIA Flexi Cap Fund <.001 Significant
6 IDBI FOCUSED 30 EQUITY FUND <.001 Significant
7 UTI - Hybrid Equity Fund <.001 Significant
8 IIFL Focused Equity Fund <.001 Significant
9 LIC MF Equity Hybrid Fund- <.001 Significant
10 DSP 10Y G-Sec Fund - <.001 Significant
11 IDFC Core Equity Fund - <.001 Significant
12 Motilal Oswal Equity Hybrid Fund (MOFEH) <.001 Significant
157
www.ijemr.in
13 Kotak Emerging Equity Scheme <.001 Significant
14 Navi Equity Hybrid Fund <.001 Significant
15 Nippon India Equity Hybrid Fund <.001 Significant
16 HSBC Equity Savings Fund 0.404 (Insignificant)
17 PGIM India Global Equity Opportunities Fund <.001 Significant
18 Invesco India - Invesco Global Equity Income <.001 Significant
Fund
19 Franklin India Equity Advantage Fund <.001 Significant
20 Aditya Birla Sun Life Equity Advantage Fund <.001 Significant
21 Axis Equity Hybrid Fund <.001 Significant
22 HDFC Equity Savings Fund <.001 Significant
23 ICICI Prudential Equity Savings Fund <.001 Significant
24 Mahindra Manulife Equity Savings Fund <.001 Significant
25 BSE SENSEX <.001 Significant
Interpretation: At a 5% Level of significance reject H0 (Null hypothesis) The return Data of All
Equity Schemes except HSBC Equity scheme for the period from 1st JAN 2020 to 31st DEC 2022 does
not follow Symmetrical Distributed
4.2 Regression analysis
TABLE NO:4.2 Examining the nature of the relationship between scheme performance and
market performance
RRisk– Freereturn Decision for the

SL.N NAME OF SCHEMES Risk Exposurereturn hypothesison risk
O exposure
BARODAHYBRID EQUITY 0.063
0.0719 (0.0524)
1 FUND (insignificant )
2 CANARA ROBECO BLUE CHIP
EQUITY FUND 0.060
0.0705 (0.0600)
(insignificant )
3 SBI EQUITY OPPORTUNITIES 0.308

0.0683 0.0288
FUND - SERIES IV (insignificant )
4 Union Equity Savings Fund 0.068
0.0292 (0.0223)
(insignificant )
5 BANK OF INDIA Flexi 0.837
0.11646 (0.00564)
Cap Fund (insignificant )
6 IDBI FOCUSED 30 EQUITY 0.080
0.0645 (0.0597)
FUND (insignificant )
7 UTI - Hybrid Equity Fund 0.345
0.0631 (0.0238)
(insignificant )
8 IIFL Focused Equity Fund 0.216
0.0749 (0.0403)
(insignificant )
9 LIC MF Equity Hybrid Fund- 0.363
0.0363 (0.0223)
(insignificant )
10 DSP 10Y G-Sec Fund - 0.950
0.0149 (4.36)
(insignificant )
11 IDFC Core Equity Fund - 0.398
0.0670 (0.0281)
(insignificant )
12 Motilal Oswal Equity Hybrid 0.310
0.0426 (0.0247)
Fund (MOFEH) (insignificant )
13 Kotak Emerging Equity 0.836
0.08945 (0.00628)
Scheme (insignificant )
14 Navi Equity Hybrid Fund 0.160
0.0478 (0.0368)
(insignificant )
15 Nippon India Equity Hybrid 0.540
0.0386 (0.0176)
Fund (insignificant )
16 HSBC Equity Savings Fund 0.743
0.0107 0.0181
(insignificant )
158
www.ijemr.in
17 PGIM India Global Equity <0.001
0.0280 0.1617
Opportunities Fund (significant)
18 Invesco India - Invesco Global 0.843
0.03935 0.00699
Equity Income Fund (insignificant )
19 Franklin India Equity 0.780
0.06715 (0.00994)
Advantage Fund (insignificant )
20 Aditya Birla Sun Life Equity 0.449
0.0571 (0.0264)
Advantage Fund (insignificant )
21 Axis Equity Hybrid Fund 0.651
0.0493 (0.0112)
(insignificant )
22 HDFC Equity Savings Fund 0.344
0.0410 (0.0125)
(insignificant )
23 ICICI Prudential Equity 0.070
0.0269 (0.0234)
Savings Fund (insignificant )
24 Mahindra Manulife Equity 0.306
0.0470 (0.0178)
Savings Fund (insignificant )
Inference:
The chart shows the return that investor earns by investing in these scripts as they give fixed return
excluding the performance of the market they can get these returns as compared to equity markets
once when you move toward the foreign mutual funds or Indian mf the private risk of the scripts start
increasing compared to bank and institute based investment funds
4.3 One-way ANOVA
TABLE NO: 4.3: One-way ANOVA
Description F value P value Decision

Returns of Equity
0.702 0.848 Insignificant
Scheme
Interpretation: the performance of 24 equity schemes is Insignificant in nature which means do not
reject H0 (null hypothesis ) where there is no significant difference in the mean performance of
selected schemes
V. CONCLUSION
After an investigation of the performance of 24 mutual funds schemes from 1st Jan‘2020 to 31st
Dec‘2022.In descriptive statistics, the Skewness of all the schemes is negative and the average return
of 3 years of all scripts is found the standard deviation talks about that how much the script is
deviating, and the Normality test of all 24 schemes S Shapiro-wilk value <.001 which says the scripts
are significant in nature and they does not follow symmetrical distribution at 5% level of significance
as that is negligible as per industry standard, in regression analysis the risk-free rate is good,
compared to other scripts risk-free return is that it is the return that we get from the script from
Anova we found that investing in these mutual funds are better options
REFERENCES
 Kaur, I. (2014). EffEct of fund AttributEs on EfficiEncy: cross-sEctionAl EvidEncE from indiAn
Equity mutuAl funds. Journal of Commerce & Accounting Research, 3(1).
 Mehta, S., & Shah, C. (2012). Preference of investors for Indian mutual funds and its
performance evaluation. Pacific Business Review International, 5(3), 62-76.
 Chaudhari, N. (2020). Performance Evaluation Of Selected Hybrid Mutual Funds In India. Gap
Interdisciplinarities-A Global Journal Of Interdisciplinary Studies, 3(3), 52-56.
 Tripathi, S., & Japee, D. G. P. (2020). Performance Evaluation of Selected Equity Mutual Funds
in India. Gap Gyan-A Global Journal of Social Sciences.
 Choudhary, V., & Chawla, P. S. (2014). Performance evaluation of mutual funds: A study of
selected diversified equity mutual funds in India. In International Conference on Business, Law and
Corporate Social Responsibility. 2, 10.
159
www.ijemr.in
 Debasish, S. (2009). Investigating performance of equity-based mutual fund schemes in Indian
scenario. KCA Journal of Business Management, 2(2).
 Prajapati, K. P., & Patel, M. K. (2012). Comparative study on performance evaluation of mutual
fund schemes of Indian companies. Researchers World, 3(3), 47.
 Sebastian, A., & Ananth, A. (2017). Performance evaluation of tax saving schemes (ELSS) on
various mutual fund companies in India. ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research
Journal, 7(6), 41-47.
 Prajapati, K. P., & Patel, M. K. (2012). Comparative study on performance evaluation of mutual
fund schemes of Indian companies. Researchers World, 3(3), 47.
 Sathish, P., & Srinivasan, K. S. (2016). Performance evaluation of selected open ended mutual
fund schemes in India: An empirical study. Global Management Review, 10(3).
 Sun, Z., Wang, A., & Zheng, L. (2009). Do active funds perform better in down markets? New
evidence from cross-sectional study. New Evidence from Cross-Sectional Study (September 1, 2009).
 Jain, S., & Gangopadhyay, A. (2012). Analysis of equity based mutual funds in India. OSR
journal of business and management (IOSRJBM), 2(1), 1-4.
 Duggimpudi, R. R., Abdou, H., & Zaki, M. (2010). An evaluation of equity diversified mutual
funds: The case of the Indian market. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 7(4), 66-
73.
 Banegas, A., Gillen, B., Timmermann, A., & Wermers, R. (2013). The cross section of conditional
mutual fund performance in European stock markets. Journal of Financial economics, 108(3), 699-
726.
 Wermers, R. (1997). Momentum investment strategies of mutual funds, performance persistence,
and survivorship bias. working paper, University of Colorado.
 Jones, S., Van der Laan, S., Frost, G., & Loftus, J. (2008). The investment performance of
socially responsible investment funds in Australia. Journal of Business Ethics, 80, 181-203.
 Baker, H. K., Haslem, J. A., & Smith, D. M. (2009). Performance and characteristics of actively
managed institutional equity mutual funds. The Journal of Investing, 18(1), 27-44.
 Rakowski, D., & Wang, X. (2009). The dynamics of short-term mutual fund flows and returns: A
time-series and cross-sectional investigation. Journal of Banking & Finance, 33(11), 2102-2109.
 Haslem, J. A., Baker, H. K., & Smith, D. M. (2008). Performance and characteristics of actively
managed retail equity mutual funds with diverse expense ratios. Available at SSRN 1128983.
 Kacperczyk, M., & Schnabl, P. (2010). When safe proved risky: commercial paper during the
financial crisis of 2007–2009. Journal of economic perspectives, 24(1), 29-50.
 Deb, S. G. (2019). Persistence in performance of actively managed equity mutual funds: New
Indian evidence. IIMB Management Review, 31(2), 145-156.
 Petajisto, A. (2013). Active share and mutual fund performance. Financial Analysts Journal,
69(4), 73-93.
 Baker, H. K., Haslem, J. A., & Smith, D. M. (2009). Performance and characteristics of actively
managed institutional equity mutual funds. The Journal of Investing, 18(1), 27-44.
 Jain, S., & Gangopadhyay, A. (2012). Analysis of equity based mutual funds in India. OSR
journal of business and management (IOSRJBM), 2(1), 1-4.
160
www.ijemr.in
JAPANESE CANDLESTICK: A GAME CHANGER FOR INVESTMENT DECISION
Ms. Namratha G, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Prof. Venkatesh Kumar N, Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
ABSTRACT
Technical analysis is a study of the stock market that focuses on the factors that influence the supply
and demand of stocks. It also aids in comprehending the intrinsic value of shares and determining
whether or not they are overvalued. The investor would be able to identify major market turning points
with the assistance of stock market indicators. This is a significant technical analysis of particular
businesses that aids in comprehending the price behavior of the shares, the signals they provide, and
the major turning points of the market price. Even though a stock is fundamentally strong, technical
analysis should be taken into consideration by any investor or trader when deciding whether to buy it.
The study's goal is to use techniques to perform a technical analysis on a few steel sector stocks and
decide whether to buy or sell them.
keywords: candlestick, share, buy, sell.
I. INTRODUCTION
Candlesticks are a type of technical analysis tool used by traders in Japan to chart and examine the
movement of securities' prices. Munehisa Homma, a rice trader from Japan, developed the idea of
candlestick charting. Homma discovered during routine trading that traders' emotions had an
impact on the rice market, despite the fact that demand and supply had an impact on rice prices.
Candlesticks were created by Homma to visually depict the nature of price changes by using a
variety of colors to indicate the differences. Candlesticks can be used by traders to identify price
action patterns and determine the short-term price direction.
By comparing the precision of candlestick patterns with technical indicators using the BSE over the
past five years, we can determine whether or not they can be used to make investment decisions.
1. To study candlestick chart for investment decisions
2. To analyze candlestick pattern for investment decisions.
Shangkun Deng, Zhihao Su2, Yanmei Ren, Haoran Yu1, Yingke Zhu1, and Chenyang Wei, (2022)
have proposed the Specialized examiners utilize verifiable market exchanging information, for
example, cost, volume, cash stream, or turnover to foresee movements of future costs in any case, as
per Productive Market Speculation (EMH), in the frail type of a productive market, any data
contained in past costs is accordingly reflected in current costs. The discoveries of this study are
gainful for the market brokers participated in exchange of the SSE50 part stocks
Farzaneh Akbarzadeh, Ali Soleimani, (2022) have proposed the One of the primary objectives of
scientific and industrial research is known to be predicting the trend of financial markets,
particularly the stock market. Design acknowledgment is one of the most generally involved
methods in managing complex monetary information. The proposed strategy is a blend of various
techniques for man-made reasoning. In this review, twelve unique examples of Elliott waves have
been looked for in stocks.
Yaohu Lin, Shancun Liu, Haijun Yang (Member, Ieee), And Harris Wu, (2021) have proposed the
gauging of the securities exchange is a significant goal in the monetary world and stays one of the
most provoking issues because of the non-direct and tumultuous monetary nature. Interests in the
securities exchange are frequently directed by various expectation strategies which can be
partitioned into two gatherings of specialized investigation and principal examination. Observed that
the force pointers are essentially preferred by means of observational testing over different pointers
in transient gauging.
161
www.ijemr.in
Antoni Wilinski, Mateusz Sochanowski and Wojciech Nowicki, (2022) have proposed Every
speculation system fundamentally reduces to characterizing a way for a merchant (or a robotized
framework following up for his benefit) to open and close situations in a period succession. This
grouping of choice sought to guarantee benefit, estimated by the aggregate amount of many
successive benefits and misfortunes, and limit the financial backer's gamble, estimated for example
by the change of successive gets back from speculation choices made.
Eva Kalinová1, and Michal Tlustý1, (2021) have proposed the motivation behind this paper is to
investigate time series o of PepsiCo, Inc. (PEP) shares. The organization was established in 1898 in
the US of America and entered the Czech market in 1993. It is the second most significant maker of
sodas on the planet and its driving item is the amazingly popular cola seasoned lemonade, Pepsi.
The paper's methodology described the perspectives of various other authors and provided
fundamental information for analyzing and forecasting share time series.
E. Ahmadias, M. H. Abooiea, M. Jasemib, Y. Zare Mehrjardia, (2016) have Fostering a model for
foreseeing returns to go with speculation choices is a significant objective for scholastics and
practitioners. The strategy was initially evolved by Munehisa Honma during the 1700s. Honma
utilized verifiable information from the Dojima Rice Trade in Osaka, Japan, to examine the rice
market since the 1600s.
Narsimpeta.Akhil, D Kanaka Durga, (2019) have proposed Establishment division is a vital driver for
the Indian economy. The section is essentially answerable for pushing India's overall improvement
and recognizes certified center from Government for starting game-plans that would guarantee time-
bound production of world class structure in the country. Structure portion joins control, ranges,
dams, avenues and metropolitan establishment improvement. Stock utilizing candle examination the
GAIL INDIA LTD stock is exchanged between 280 to 360 regions of cost, during the exchanged period
the stock is moving combined pattern.
Yunus SANTUR, (2022) have proposed in the exchanging, probably the earliest specialized
exchanging examination was utilized to follow costs of rice in the eighteenth century. A large part of
the credit for candle graphing goes to Munehisa Homma, a rice dealer from Sakata, Japan who
exchanged the Ojima Rice market in Osaka during the Tokugawa Shogunate. As indicated by Steve
Nison, be that as it may, candle diagramming came later, likely start later eighteenth hundred years.
Jacopo Fior, Luca Cagliero and Paolo Garza, (2022) have proposed the blockchain is used to encrypt
transactions and accounting for digital assets known as cryptocurrencies. Despite the fact that they
do not have a physical backing, they are becoming increasingly popular financial assets for online
trading. Numerous new cryptocurrencies have emerged since the initial and most well-known
cryptocurrency, bitcoin, significantly broadening the range of options available for investing in
cryptocurrencies.
Jun-Hao Chen, Yun-Cheng Tsai, (2022) have proposed the candlestick pattern is one of the most
fundamental and useful graphical tools in financial trading. It helps traders make the right decision
by observing the current market conditions. This task has a long history and typically relies on
human specialists. Deep learning models have recently been used to attempt to automatically
classify these patterns.
Dr James Thomas, Neel Kumar, (2021) have proposed the novel Covid flare-up constrained public
legislatures across the world to arrange individuals to Remain at home under lockdown in mid-Walk
2020. This made significant economies of the world to go under an end with no movement. This
study depends on the authentic costs of Nifty50 file and that's what significant Organization Stocks
impacted and had weightage on Nifty50 for the FY20-21 given on the NSE site.
Huma Hussain, Md Mobashshir Hussain, Devdutta Bharti, (2019) have proposed the underlying
tenet of the EMH is that market behavior is governed by random walk. This thus precludes any
advantage from specialized examination. Nonetheless, ongoing examinations by Lo (2004)
recommend that market productivity is certainly not a static idea rather it is dynamic and therefore
showcases moves from failure to productivity steadily. According to Lo and MacKinlay (1988),
random walks are uncommon in markets.
3.1 VARIABLE DEFINITION AND DATA: The Variables considered in this research are Japanese
candlestick and Investment decisions. This candlestick would help the people to decide whether to
invest in the stocks of the companies or not, and to know their ROI (return on investment) in future.
162
www.ijemr.in
Secondary Data from Bombay stock exchange. Daily m arket prices of each companies are collected
from past 5 years. Top 10 companies open price, high price, low price, close price is used for
candlesticks predictions.
PERIOD OF THE STUDY: 1st April 2018 to 30th December 2022.
3.2 Research methodology:
Descriptive research is used in research. Statistics can be used in descriptive research. The primary
goal of this kind of research is to describe the characteristics and data of the subject matter being
studied. The study of frequencies, averages, and other statistical calculations is the goal of this type
of research.
3.3 LIST OF SELECTED COMPANIES FOR THE ANALYSIS:
Reliance Ind,Tcs, Hdfc Bank,Infosys,Icici Bank,Hul,Sbi,Hdfc Finance, Bharti Airtel,Itc
3.4 Hypothesis:
H0: companies share price follows normal distribution
H1: companies do not follow normal distribution.
Limitations:
1. Candlestick interpretation are used for future predictions
2. Bangalore is the only city included in the study.
3. This study is limited to a ‗three-years‘ time frame.
4. Only market resistance and market support are included for analysis.
Sl.no Scrip Name Average Average Standard Skewness Normality
price return deviation (close price, test (w value)
(close return) (close price,
price, return)
return)
1 reliance 1812 -0.0688 568, 0.0307, 0.917, 0.913
2.01 0.3159
2 TCS 2697.4450 0.0304 668.78, 0.189, 23.0 0.894, 0.312
3.39
3 HDFC 1599 0.0548 410, 0.405, 21.7 0.941, 0.324
3.35
4 Infosys 1159 0.0171 401,3.33 0.148, 19.8 0.902, 0.370
5 ICICI bank 534 -0.0789 193, 0.451, 0.856 0.921, 0.906
2.24
6 HUL ltd 2114 0.0425 335, -0.0981, 0.974, 0.927
1.54 -0.715
7 SBI bank 352 -0.0522 118, 0.419, 0.422 0.949, 0.948
2.25
8 HDFC finance 2215 -0.0103 338, 0.134, 0.630 0.973, 0.916
2.02
9 Bharathi airtel 520 -0.0376 157, 0.303, - 0.938, 0.952
2.15 0.0723
10 ITC ltd 939 -0.221 1073, 1.31, 0.822 0.763, 0.896
3.12
Source: Top 100 stocks by Market Capitalization | BSE Listed stocks Market Capitalization
(bseindia.com) Retrieved on 30/12/2022 10:36pm and author‘s own calculation
4.2 Data analysis of Japanese candlestick chart: interpretation of candle stick chart:
eg: Only one company is taken i.e. reliance company is done for interpretation of Japanese
candlestick to know buy and sell decisions Candlestick chart of reliance company for the period
between 2nd April 2018 to 30th December 2022
163
www.ijemr.in
buy Candlestick chart
3000
sell
2500
2000
1500
1000
500 sell buy

0
41
681
1041
1
81
121
161
201
241
281
321
361
401
441
481
521
561
601
641
721
761
801
841
881
921
961
1001
1081
1121
1161
Open Price High Price Low Price Close Price
Source: top 10 companies listed in BSE

Interpretation:
From the above candlestick chart of reliance of 5 years data we can say that from 2500 to 3000
values and prices from 1 to 130 prices is moving in upward direction where there is market support
where one should buy the shares and at 1500 to 1000 values is moving in downwards that is prices
from 904 to 1076 which shows resistance where one should sell the shares
V. CONCLUSION
In this research, the top 10 companies listed in BSE data of that companies for period of 5 years is
used and performed average price, average return, standard deviation, skewness and normality test.
In normality test w value is taken for interpretation that is testing for hypothesis were this was done
using jamovi and further data analysis was done for Japanese candlestick chart where for 5 years
data the investors would get to know the resistance level and support level that when to buy the
shares and when to sell the shares, the graph was created using excel. As, the candlestick chart
showed that some companies only have resistance no support point where one should sell the
shares.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
References
Akbarzadeh, F. (2022). Forecasting financial time series trends by pattern recognition. Int. J.
Nonlinear Anal. Appl, 1-14.
Antoni Wilinski, M. S. (2022). An investment strategy based on the first derivative of the moving
averages difference with parameters adapted by machine learning. AIMS , 1-21.vol (2) issue(2)
E. Ahmadi, a. M. (2016). A Nonlinear Autoregressive Model with Exogenous Variables Neural
Network for Stock Market Timing: The Candlestick Technical Analysis. International Journal of
Engineering, 1-9.vol(29) issue(12)
Eva Kalinová, M. T. (2020). An Analysis of the Time Series of the PepsiCo, Inc. (PEP) Share Price and
a Prediction of its Development. SHS Web of Conferences, 1-11.
Jacopo Fior, J. F. (2022). Leveraging Explainable AI to Support Cryptocurrency Investors. MDPI, 1-
19.
Jun-Hao Chen, Y.-C. T. (2022). DYNAMIC DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL CANDLESTICK LEARNER. A
PREPRINT , 1-11.
kumar, D. j. (2021). The outbreak of covid-19 pandemic and its impact on stock market. The jounal
of Oriental research madras, 1-10.vol(XCII) Issue(02)
164
www.ijemr.in
Narsimpeta.Akhil, D. K. (2019). A Study on Risk Analysis for Infrastructure Sector in India At
Hyderabad. INFOKARA RESEARCH, 1-9.vol(8) issue(9)
SANTUR, Y. (2022). Candlestick chart based trading system using ensemble learning for financial
assets. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 1-10.vol(40) issue(2)
Shangkun Deng, Z. S. (2022). Can Japanese Candlestick Patterns be Profitable on the Component
Stocks of the SSE50 Index? sage, 1-19.
YAOHU LIN, S. L. (2021). Stock Trend Prediction Using Candlestick Chartingand Ensemble Machine
Learning Techniques With a Novelty Feature Engineering Scheme. IEEE ACCESS , 1-14.
Huma Hussain, M. M. (2019). Profitability Of Moving Averages And Candlestick Charts. THINK INDIA
JOURNAL, 1-11.vol(22) issue(14)
165
www.ijemr.in
FUND MOBILIZATION FOR START-UPS: CROWDFUNDING A WAY FORWARD

Ms. Nisha N, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global
Prof. Venkatesh Kumar N, Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global
ABSTRACT
Crowdfunding initially gained popularity in India through a number of other industries, such as the
healthcare industry and social impact enterprises. Crowdfunding is the practice of funding a project or
venture by raising money from a large number of people who each contribute a relatively small amount,
typically through the internet. The purpose of this research is to know what was the impact of
crowdfunding on startups and whether the startup succeed or failed using crowdfunding. In India,
crowdfunding is in a developing/growing stage. It will take time to raise awareness and alter people's
perspectives. India has always held this idea. And it is easy to raise funds for venture through crowd
funding platforms like Indiegogo, kickstarters, etc. Crowd funding become legal in India except equity
based crowd funding. The ideal kind of crowdfunding in India is reward-based. It might be a simple
and inexpensive way to raise money.
Keywords: Crowd fund;Start-ups;Kickstarter;Normality distribution’s;One way ANOVA.
l. INTRODUCTION
Crowdfunding is a method of raising capital to sponsor endeavours and companies. Fundraisers can
use online platforms to gather money from a sizable audience. Startup enterprises and expanding
businesses most frequently use crowdfunding as a means of obtaining alternative capital. In the
beginning, they might have looked for funding from banks or other financial organization‘s or
research grants, but they frequently struggled to give the banks the right kind of guarantees. At that
point, crowd fundraising entered the scene as a means of generating money in India, and the day
when it will abide by legal laws and regulations is not too far off. It is comparable to the stock
exchange in that funds are raised from the public via the internet, however the problem is lack of
legal authorization as a stock exchange is an issue. This unofficial method of funding initiatives and
businesses is relatively new. In general, it refers to the technique of sponsoring a project or business
enterprise by soliciting financial support online from a sizable number of people.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM:
When it comes to a problem there are many problem faced by crowdfunding major problem is
legalization, In India all type of crowdfunding are not accepted i.e. equity based crowdfunding due
to some trust issues, Transparency issues and accounting and also the fundraiser makes no
promises regarding a return to investors. It is an entirely technological approach that relies on
internet connectivity and knowledge. The danger of default is associated with crowd fundraising.
 To create awareness among the investors.
 To know what was the impact of crowdfunding on startups.
 To understand the startup/venture succeed or failed using crowdfunding.
 To understand various advantages and disadvantages of crowdfunding.
ll. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Dr. Uma M.H, (2021) have proposed the Study of Start-ups and Crowd funding in the Indian
Context. The result of this study that why CF is chosen by Indian start-ups over microfinance, and
to learn how successful SEBI has been in establishing regulations for CF that found that the
majority of hazards stem from using an insecure internet.
Khemchand Singhadiya, Gunturi Naga Vyashnavy, Shreyash Mishra, (2020) have proposed the
Future of Start-ups: Indian Crowdfunder. According to the study‘s finding investor behaviour
regarding their investments is changing. India, a developing nation, has a large pool of prospective
businesspeople and investors.
166
www.ijemr.in
Dr. Uma M.H, (2019) have proposed Crowd Funding: - As Emerging Methods to Finance Start-ups in
India. The major finding in this study is Crowd fundraising is a wholly technological strategy that
necessitates internet access and competence and there is a significant hurdle and default risk
associated with crowd funding.
Usha K, Arun Kumar & Swathi MS, (2022) have proposed An analytical study on crowdfunding in
India. From this research we can identify that there are no particular restrictions for crowdfunding in
India, and given the current laws regarding public funding, a company cannot really choose crowd
funding as doing so would violate the legislation prohibiting private enterprises from requesting
investment from the general public.
Charmi Shah, Praneti Shah, (2017) have proposed Influence of Crowdfunding on Innovative
Entrepreneurship Eco-Systems in India. From this study found that good idea that is having market
feasibility fetches attention of supporters and gets success in raising the fund. it is found that
Reward based crowdfunding is having more presence than donation based crowdfunding for start-
ups in India.
Mark Anthony Camilleri and Stefano Bresciani, (2022) have proposed Crowdfunding small
businesses and startups: a systematic review, an appraisal of theoretical insights and future
research directions. The major finding in this study is it identifies a trade-off between possible
benefits and a variety of concerns connected to crowd-funding. To balance the rewards and risks
associated with crowdsourcing opportunities.
Angerer, Martin, Brem, Alexander; Kraus, Sascha ,Peter, Andreas, (2017) have proposed Start-up
funding via equity crowdfunding in Germany: A qualitative analysis of success factors. The major
findings in this research indicate that while both alternatives to crowd investment have distinct
drawbacks. Many start-ups find incentive-based crowdinvesting to be unattractive since their
product has already been established or is inappropriate as a reward.
Joe Cox, Thang Nguyen, (2018) have proposed Does the crowd mean business? An analysis of
rewards-based crowdfunding as a source of finance for start-ups and small businesses. In this study
the authors present two key findings. The success of rewards-based crowdfunding is mostly
concentrated on a small number of sites and campaigns, and it is also extremely unequally
distributed.
Aditi Bhargava , Rashmi Bhat, Niti Tiwari, (2017) have proposed Crowdfunding an emerging concept
in India. This research identifies how effective SEBI has been at creating regulations for
crowdfunding activities, suggesting some changes that might be done, and highlighting a significant
issue that has been left out of the draught issued by SEBI.
Paola Paoloni, Niccolò Paoloni, Giuseppe Modaffari (2019) have proposed Crowdfunding as a new
collaborative process in the knowledge economy. The study shows how, from a scientific standpoint,
the understanding of the crowdfunding phenomenon is quickly changing in a number of academic
domains.
Sagar Lotan Chaudari, Manish Sinha, (2021) have proposed A study on emerging trends in Indian
startup ecosystem: big data, crowd funding, shared economy. The result of this study is the top ten
emerging trends that fuel the expansion of the Indian startup ecosystem are found, and the sectors
in which they can be tapped into are noted.
Susana Bernardino and J. Freitas Santos, (2020) have proposed Crowdfunding: An Exploratory
Study on Knowledge, Benefits and Barriers Perceived by Young Potential Entrepreneurs. The results
support the opinion of some researchers who believe that CF is relevant for leveraging project
marketing and communication and boosting the entrepreneur's credibility.
Fulvio Fortezza, Alessandro Pagano and Roberta Bocconcelli, (2021) Have proposed Serial
crowdfunding in start-up development: a business network view. The major finding of this study is
the startup's network is expanding, and this has an impact on a number of CF campaigns. This is
because its development processes are happening at the same time and are overlapping. From this
vantage point, the adoption of the ARA model suggests that a fresh look at the "serial" nature of
numerous CF initiatives.
Heinrich Brunhöber and Madeleine Saari Byström, (2017) have proposed Crowdfunding as a tool to
increase stakeholder involvement - From a financial mechanism for start-ups to a multifunctional
tool for any company. The study results that managers in various nations have varying perspectives
on crowdfunding and how it might benefit their organisations.
167
www.ijemr.in
Heikki Rannikko, Micka€el Buffart, Anders Isaksson and Hans L€ofsten, Erno T. Tornikoski,(2022)
have proposed Mobilising finance and achieving early growth in new technology-based firms: a
legitimacy perspective. According to this study, shows that the business plan and the relationship
with the incubator, but not start-up experience, are two out of the three legitimated factors that have
an impact on the mobilisation of financial resources, which is linked to early growth in NTBFs
according to the control principle.
Tao Wang and Yalan Li, Minghui Kang, Haichao Zheng, (2019) have proposed Exploring individuals‘
behavioral intentions toward donation crowdfunding: evidence from China. The major finding of this
study suggest that self-identification and social identity, either together or individually, modulate the
influence of perceived donor efficacy, moral obligation, sense of self-worth, social engagement, and
referent network size on donation intentions.
Augusto Bargoni, Alberto Ferraris, Stefano Bresciani, Mark Anthony Camilleri, (2022) have proposed
Crowdfunding and innovation: a bibliometric review and future research agenda. The finding of this
study that the literature on innovation and crowdsourcing may be divided into three main study
groupings. The first cluster focuses on the ways in which crowdsourcing fosters both radical and
incremental innovation.
Valentina Cillo, Riccardo Rialti, Bernardo Bertoldi, Francesco Ciampi, (2019) have proposed
Knowledge management and open innovation in agri-food crowdfunding. The study results in the
relationship between IT-based knowledge exploitation capabilities and open innovation in the context
of agri-food enterprises can also be successfully mediated by knowledge exploration capabilities, it
was shown.
Aluisius Hery Pratono, Delta Ardy Prima, Nur Flora Nita Taruli Sinaga, Anggraeni Permatasari,
Mintarti Ariani, Ling Han, (2020) have proposed Crowdfunding in digital humanities: some evidence
from Indonesian social enterprises. The learning from this study in order to draw certain donors and
investors, crowdfunding encourages social companies to engage professionals with flexible work
schedules.
Abhishek Behl, Pankaj Dutta, (2020) have proposed Social and financial aid for disaster relief
operations using CSR and crowdfunding Moderating effect of information quality. The major finding
in this study show that CSR initiatives have a good impact on donation-based CF to bring about
social and economic normalcy in a DRO.
Nadiya Marakkath, Laurence Attuel-mendes, (2015) have proposed Can microfinance crowdfunding
reduce financial exclusion? Regulatory issues. The research came to know the four main challenges
include choosing a legal status, operational model restrictions, adherence to anti-money laundering
laws, and marketing and sustainability issues.
Abhishek Behl, Pankaj Dutta, Pratima Sheorey, Rajesh Kumar Singh, (2020) have proposed
Examining the role of dialogic communication and trust in donation-based crowdfunding tasks using
information quality perspective. The study reveals that evaluation of the operational success of DBC
produced results that are consistent with the dialogic public communication theory and the trust
transfer theory's justifications.
Satishwar Kedas, Soumodip Sarkar, (2022) have proposed Putting your money where your mouth is
– the role of rewards in a value-based understanding of restaurant crowdfunding. The study will
allow us to gain a thorough grasp of the phenomena. We conduct a value-based analysis of
restaurant crowdfunding campaigns in our study to accomplish this.
Denis Frydrych, Adam J Bock, Tony Kinder, (2015) have proposed Creating Project Legitimacy – The
Role of Entrepreneurial Narrative in Reward-Based Crowdfunding. The finding of this study relying
on logical justification, visual pitches communicate a broader sociocultural story. We also observe
certain differences in gender.
Shaista Wasiuzzaman, Nurul Nabilah Hj Pungut, Muhammad Khaliq Syafie Md Don, (2021) have
proposed Crowdfunding green projects in Brunei: awareness and investing preferences. According to
the study, Bruneians are very knowledgeable about the ideas behind CF and green initiatives, but
they have no idea what CF platforms are or how to address climate change-related issues.
168
www.ijemr.in
lll. DATA AND METHODOLOGY

3.1 Variable definition and data
This study adopts a descriptive approach where the data gathered through kick-starters. We carried
out a systematic literature review of 25 articles. In total, 5,75,995 projects were created on this
platform and presented to the public. Our data consists of 232,001 successful, 343,994 failed
projects. And the sample size containing 40.28% success rate.
3.2 Type of Research
Descriptive analysis
In order to get ready for further statistical analysis, it gives you an examination of the distribution of
your data, helps you find errors and outliers, and makes it possible for you to see relationships
between variables.
3.3 Period of the study
The data which is obtained from the kickstarter which includes successfully funded projects and
unsuccessfully funded projects till 25-12-2022.
3.4 List of selected sectors for the analysis
The sectors include Games, Design, Technology, Film & Video, Publishing, Music, Fashion, Food,
Comics, Art, Photography, Theater, Craft, Journalism, Dance.
3.5 Data analysis framework
3.5.1 One Way ANOVA
A One Way ANOVA is performed for all the scrips to examine if there is any variations or deviations
through the Jamovi tool.
3.5.2 Normality examination
A normality test is performed for every scrips to investigate the distribution is falling above or below
the given value.
HO: There is no significant difference between average Quantum of funds raised by startup under
various categories.
H1: There is a significant difference between average Quantum of funds raised by startup under
various categories.
3.7 Limitations
It is very hard to gather data in crowdfuding platform and also year wise data will not be given. Our
work contains limitations that open up possibilities for additional research. To analyze the
entrepreneurial story based on platform-specific activities, we used data from Kickstarter that was
obtained. This study explores the development of the entrepreneurial narrative during the
crowdfunding campaign. If the narrative is still effective after the campaign, the findings cannot say.
The success of the narrative during the campaign may have an impact on resource gathering actions
following the crowdfunding campaign, according to future studies.
Table 4.1
Successfully funded projects: Descriptive statistics
Sl. Funds raised Average mean Standard deviation Skewness
No
1. Less than $1000 raised 1982 1650 1.39
2. $1000 to $9999 raised 8214 6787 0.926
3. $10000 to $19,999 raised 2241 1789 0.673
4. $20000 to $99,999 raised 2346 2321 1.27
5. $100k to $999,999 raised 638 1025 1.67
6. $1M raised 46.3 91.5 2.02
169
www.ijemr.in
Table 4.2
Unsuccessfully funded projects: Descriptive statistics
Sl. No Funds raised Average mean Standard deviation Skewness
1. Less than $1000 raised 3742 2971 0.837
2. $1000 to $9999 raised 14982 10338 0.170
3. $10000 to $19,999 raised 2373 1642 0.160
4. $20000 to $99,999 raised 1034 771 0.523
5. $100k to $999,999 raised 442 379 1.08
6. $1M raised 360 194 1.12
Table 4.3
One way ANOVA
Sl. No Scheme F ratio P value Decision
1. Successfully funded projects 15.5 < .001 Significant
2. Unsuccessfully funded 14.2 < .001 Significant
projects
HO: There is no significant difference between average Quantum of funds raised by startup under
various categories.
H1: There is a significant difference between average Quantum of funds raised by startup under
various categories.
Table 4.4
Normality test for successfully funded projects
Sl. No Funds raised Shapiro-Wilk Decision
1. Less than $1000 raised 0.038 Significant
2. $1000 to $9999 raised 0.071 Insignificant
3. $10000 to $19,999 raised 0.113 Insignificant
4. $20000 to $99,999 raised 0.018 Significant
5. $100k to $999,999 raised <.001 Significant
6. $1M raised <.001 Significant
HO: The data pertaining to successfully funded projects under various categories of Business Model
are normally distributed.
H1: The data pertaining to successfully funded projects under various categories of Business Model
are not normally distributed.
Table 4.5
Normality test for unsuccessfully funded projects
SL. Funds raised Shapiro- Decision
NO Wilk
1. Less than $1000 raised 0.176 Insignificant
2. $1000 to $9999 raised 0.249 Insignificant
3. $10000 to $19,999 0.324 Insignificant
raised
4. $20000 to $99,999 0.435 Insignificant
raised
5. $100k to $999,999 0.140 Insignificant
raised
6. $1M raised 0.007 Insignificant
HO: The data pertaining to unsuccessfully funded projects under various categories of Business
Model are normally distributed.
H1: The data pertaining to unsuccessfully funded projects under various categories of Business
Model are not normally distributed.
170
www.ijemr.in
FINDINGS
The study helps the researcher for further studies and the paper will create awareness about
crowdfuding. The study found that how many sectors become successful and how many companies
become unsuccessful using crowdfunding platform. And it also help the researcher to understand
the advantages and disadvantages of crowdfunding. The study also states the impact crowdfunding
on startups. The study suggest using crowdfunding as a multipurpose instrument for financial and
stakeholder involvement. One Way ANOVA is performed for all the scrip‘s to check if there is any
variations and a normality test is performed for every scrip‘s to examine the distribution is falling
above or below the given value.
V. CONCLUSION
Here we can conclude that crowdfunding is a best platform to raise fund through large number of
people by sharing their ideas through internet. Nowadays crowdfunding is also becoming popular in
India. And it is easy to raise funds using crowdfunding platform. ImpactGuru, Ketto, Kickstarter,
and other well-known platforms for crowdsourcing are available. Ketto and ImpactGuru don't impose
any platform fees. There are many different types of crowdfunding, including reward-based, debt-
based, donation-based, and equity-based, although equity-based crowdfunding is not permitted in
India due to fraud and trust difficulties. Crowdfunding for equities has been outlawed by SEBI.
Crowdfunding with a reward or donation component is permitted in India and is also well-liked
there. It aids in lowering unemployment. It has various benefits and drawbacks. For example, if we
don't protect our ideas with a patent or copyright, others might steal them, and if we don't finish
projects on time, our company's reputation might suffer. Additionally, legalisation is the main issue
with crowdfunding.
REFERENCES
 Shahrour, S. (2021). The Study of Start-ups and Crowdfunding in the Indian
Context. International Journal of Innovation, Leadership, Society and Sustainability, 1(I), 8-8.
 Bhargava, A., Bhat, R., Tiwari, N., & Student, B. L. S. L. L. B. (2017). Crowdfunding an emerging
concept in India. International Journal of Legal Developments and Allied Issues, 3(2), 57-69.
 Singhadiya, K., Vyshnavy, G. N., Mishra, S., & Janrao, S. (2020). The Future of Start-ups: Indian
Crowdfunder.
 Usha, K., Kumar, A., & Swathi, M. S. AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON CROWDFUNDING IN INDIA.
 Shah, C., & Shah, P. (2017). Influence of crowdfunding on innovative entrepreneurship eco-
systems in India. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, 13(2), 3-28.
 Camilleri, M. A., & Bresciani, S. (2022). Crowdfunding small businesses and startups: a
systematic review, an appraisal of theoretical insights and future research directions. European
Journal of Innovation Management, (ahead-of-print).
 Angerer, M., Brem, A., Kraus, S., & Peter, A. (2017). Start-up funding via equity crowdfunding in
Germany: A qualitative analysis of success factors. The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance
(JEF), 19(1), 1-34.
 Cox, J., & Nguyen, T. (2018). Does the crowd mean business? An analysis of rewards-based
crowdfunding as a source of finance for start-ups and small businesses. Journal of Small Business
and Enterprise Development, 25(1), 147-162.
 Bhargava, A., Bhat, R., Tiwari, N., & Student, B. L. S. L. L. B. (2017). Crowdfunding an emerging
concept in India. International Journal of Legal Developments and Allied Issues, 3(2), 57-69.
 Paoloni, P., Paoloni, N., & Modaffari, G. (2019). Crowdfunding as a new collaborative process in
the knowledge economy: A literature review. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management
Systems.
171
www.ijemr.in
 Chaudhari, S. L., & Sinha, M. (2021). A study on emerging trends in Indian startup ecosystem:
big data, crowd funding, shared economy. International Journal of Innovation Science, 13(1), 1-16.
 Bernardino, S., & Santos, J. F. (2020). Crowdfunding: an exploratory study on knowledge,

benefits and barriers perceived by young potential entrepreneurs. Journal of Risk and Financial
Management, 13(4), 81.
 Fortezza, F., Pagano, A., & Bocconcelli, R. (2021). Serial crowdfunding in start-up development: a
business network view. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 36(13), 250-262.
 Saari Byström, M., & Brunhöber, H. (2017). Crowdfunding as a tool to increase stakeholder
involvement: From a financial mechanism for start-ups to a multifunctional tool for any company.
 Rannikko, H., Buffart, M., Isaksson, A., Löfsten, H., & Tornikoski, E. T. (2022). Mobilising finance
and achieving early growth in new technology-based firms: a legitimacy perspective. International
Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, (ahead-of-print).
 Wang, T., Li, Y., Kang, M., & Zheng, H. (2019). Exploring individuals‘ behavioral intentions toward
donation crowdfunding: evidence from China. Industrial Management & Data Systems.
 Bargoni, A., Ferraris, A., Bresciani, S., & Camilleri, M. A. (2022). Crowdfunding and innovation: a
bibliometric review and future research agenda. European Journal of Innovation Management, (ahead-
of-print).
 Cillo, V., Rialti, R., Bertoldi, B., & Ciampi, F. (2019). Knowledge management and open innovation
in agri-food crowdfunding. British Food Journal.
 Pratono, A. H., Prima, D. A., Sinaga, N. F. N. T., Permatasari, A., Ariani, M., & Han, L. (2020).
Crowdfunding in digital humanities: some evidence from Indonesian social enterprises. Aslib Journal
of Information Management, 72(2), 287-303.
 Behl, A., & Dutta, P. (2020). Social and financial aid for disaster relief operations using CSR and
crowdfunding: Moderating effect of information quality. Benchmarking: An International
Journal, 27(2), 732-759.
 Marakkath, N., & Attuel-mendes, L. (2015). Can microfinance crowdfunding reduce financial
exclusion? Regulatory issues. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 33(5), 624-636.
 Behl, A., Dutta, P., Sheorey, P., & Singh, R. K. (2023). Examining the role of dialogic
communication and trust in donation-based crowdfunding tasks using information quality
perspective. The TQM Journal, 35(1), 292-319.
 Kedas, S., & Sarkar, S. (2023). Putting your money where your mouth is–the role of rewards in a
value-based understanding of restaurant crowdfunding. International Journal of Contemporary
Hospitality Management, 35(1), 92-114.
 Frydrych, D., Bock, A. J., & Kinder, T. (2016). Creating project legitimacy–the role of
entrepreneurial narrative in reward-based crowdfunding. In International perspectives on
crowdfunding (pp. 99-128). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
 Wasiuzzaman, S., Hj Pungut, N. N., & Md Don, M. K. S. (2021). Crowdfunding green projects in
Brunei: awareness and investing preferences. Management of Environmental Quality: An International
Journal, 32(6), 1383-1400.
WEBSITE:
http://www.kickstarter.com/
172
www.ijemr.in
THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON MANUFACTURING SECTOR WITH

REFERENCE TO SELECTED COMPANIES
Mr. Nithish BM, PG Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
Prof. V Chandrasekhar Rao, Professor, Department of Management Studies, Global Academy of
ABSTRACT
In India the Foreign direct investment (FDI) has received a staged improvement from instigate of
the Make in India scheme, according to recent survey. There was an incredible increase in FDI
inflows (40%) particularly in manufacturing sector. The industrial sector is considered to be the
one of the dominant sectors that contribute. India has been ranked fourteenth in the factory
output in the world. This was because of the launch of initiative, which sought for promoting
manufacturing segments and be a magnet for foreign investments. More than 56 manufacturing
units are benefitted in the entire globe. In the recent times during the year 2011 to 2021the
Industrial production inclined to 3.1 percent, mainly on account of improvement and to
encourage talent augmentation towards the various sectors of the economy. This article brings out
the recent efforts taken by the government for encouraging the FDI into various sectors and how it
has made a pathway.
KEYWORDS: Foreign direct investment, Manufacturing sector
I. INTRODUCTION
It has long been discussed that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays an significant role in
promoting export and for the transformation of Indian economy. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is
well thought-out as an imperative means of promoting export of the multitude countries. Foreign
direct investment (FDI) in India has conventional enhancement from initiate of the Make in India
scheme, from October, 2011 to June 2021 there was a tremendous increase in FDI inflows. Most of
the manufacturing units were the magnets for attracting the FDI. Already the concept of Make in
India has succeeded and some of the products the domestic market is focusing the increasing in
demand. By the means of increasing the productivity and productive capacity, it is argued that the
FDI. Around 56 manufacturing units are being operated by the private players to encourage more
FDI and it is witnessed that above 90% of the FDI. The make in India scheme has made a state -
wise analysis of FDI inflows by the economic survey and it has been witnessed that, Haryana,
Delhi, Karnataka, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh have attracted beyond 70% of total
FDI inflows to India during the last decade.
THE OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
 The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of foreign direct investment on the
manufacturing sector
 The purpose of this essay is to investigate the important connection between foreign direct
investment and India's manufacturing industry.
1. Author Hooi Hooi Lean (2008) in their research article The Impact of Foreign Direct
Investment on the Growth of the Manufacturing Sector in Malaysia to know how the foreign
direct investment, Malaysia's manufacturing sector had economic growth between 1980 and
2005. (FDI). FDI has no bearing on the growth of the manufacturing sector. Given that foreign
direct investment (FDI) can only result in growth if the government focuses on the precise potential
roles that FDI can interact with human capital.
2. Author RASHMI BANGA (2003) in their research article The Export-Diversifying Impact of
Japanese and U.S. Foreign Direct Investments in Indian Manufacturing Sector to know the
effect of FDI on diversifying exports in a developing nation. If FDI from a particular source has a
beneficial impact on the export-intensity of the non-traditional export sector, it may cause
developing countries to diversify their exports.
173
www.ijemr.in
3. Author SANDHYA H S (2012) in their research article Impact of Foreign Direct Investment
on Indian economy explains how India depends on FDI as a vital component of investment to
carry out economic reforms and maintain the pace of economic growth and development. The
regulatory policy structure made initial FDI inflows into India minimal. The goal of the study is to
determine whether foreign direct investment (FDI) is perceived as a significant economic accelerator
for Indian economic growth by fostering local investment, enhancing the development of human
capital, and facilitating technological transfers.
4. Author Muthusamy, S. Sundararajan (2019) in their research article Impact of Foreign
Direct Investment on Industrial Growth of India According to a recent survey, the Make in India
initiative has gradually improved foreign direct investment (FDI). There was an extraordinary FDI
inflows increased by 40% between October 2011 and June 2021 with the industrial sector seeing
the biggest growth.
5. Author R. SANTHI (2018) in their research article impact of foreign direct investment on
manufacturing industry in India. India demonstrates how the revolution in its sectors, with
greater output and marketing, is essential to the country's economic progress. Foreign investment
is viewed as being essential, especially for the manufacturing sector in emerging countries, as it
frequently carries the capital, know-how, and expertise needed for industrial expansion.
III. DATA AND METHODOLOGY Study type:
Descriptive study.
Data type: Secondary data collected from Reserve bank of India.
Period of data: Month wise Data for 10 years period from2012-2022.
Tools and techniques used: Returns, Regression and correlation on FDI data.
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Ho: There is no significant impact of foreign direct investment on manufacturing sector. H1:
There is a significant impact of foreign direct investment on manufacturing sector.
4.1.1 TABLE SHOWING REGRESSION AND CORRELATION OF TATA MOTORS
SUMMARY OUTPUT ( tata motors)
Multiple R 0.17403
875
R Square 0.03028
949
Adjusted R0.02200
Square 136
Standard 0.69834
Error 215
Observations 119
ANOVA
Regression 1 1.782264601 1.782264601
3.654565 0.058361574
Residual 117 57.05876516 0.487681753
Total 118 58.84102976
Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0%
Upper 95.0%
Intercept 0.18209284 0.064113166 2.840178603 0.005319 0.055120076 0.3090656

0.055120076 0.309065606
0 0.87819586 0.45938155
1.911691624 0.058362 -0.031585226 1.7879769 -0.03158523 1.78797695
174
www.ijemr.in
A multiple R is a measure the strength between predictor and dependent variable since the
Multiple R value is 0.174 it indicates that it has a low relationship in this model. And the R Square
value is 0.0302 which is also showing a low fit in the outcome variable. The adjusted R Square
value is positive indicating a moderate fit.
The regression value shows 0.05836 which indicates a low significance on the predictor variables
The significance p value is greater than 0.05 so accept Ho and reject H1
FDI TATA
MOTORS
FDI 1
TATA 0.174038751 1
MOTORS
The correlation table shows a value 0.1740 which is indicating a low level of relationship between
the variables.
4.1.2 TABLE SHOWING REGRESSION AND CORRELATION OF APOLLO TYRES
SUMMARY OUTPUT ( apollo tyers)
Multiple R 0.146259
039
R Square 0.021391
706
Adjusted R0.013027
Square 533
Standard 0.701538
Error 722
Observations 119
ANOVA
df SS MS F Significa
nce F
Regression 1 1.258710 2.5575 0.11246
1.25871003 037 398 632
7
Residual 117 0.492156
57.58231972 579
Total 118
58.84102976
Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0%
Upper 95.0%
Intercept 0.173443696 0.065023437 2.667402766 0.0087274
0.04466819 0.30221921 0.044668186 0.302219206
0 0.831698186 0.52006132 1.599231002 0.1124663 -0.19825601
1.86165238 -0.198256007 1.861652379
A multiple R is a measure the strength between predictor and dependent variable since the
Multiple R value is 0.146259 it indicates that it has a moderately low relationship in this model.
And the R Square value is 0.0213 which is also showing a moderate low fit in the outcome variable.
The adjusted R Square value is positive indicating a moderately low fit.
The regression value shows 0.1124 which indicates a low significance on the predictor variables
175
www.ijemr.in
Accept Ho and reject H1 as the significant p value is more than 0.05

FDI APOLLO
TYERS
FDI 1
APOLLO 0.146535626 1
TYERS
The correlation table shows a value 0.1465 which is indicating a low level of relationship between
the variables.
Findings
 Based on the examination of 2 distinct manufacturing companies discussed above, it is clear
that foreign direct investment has little to no effect on India's manufacturing industry.
 Regression analysis is used to investigate this, and the correlation results likewise indicate a
weak association between foreign direct investment and the manufacturing sector.
 For the analyses, we used historical data spanning 10 years, which shows that there is
little correlation between the factors.
V. CONCLUSION
This paper examines the inflow of foreign capital in the form of FDI and how it affects the industrial
growth in India by applying the statistical techniques. and it is clear that India has attracted the
FDI inflows in higher rate into the manufacturing sector. The results of the regression and
correlation has shown the results that the relationship between the FDI and the manufacturing
sector. The competitive investment climate in India has created the inflow of FDI into India, and
the competitive climate is the basis for FDI to enter into the economy and for the growth of
Industrial potential. For improving the industrial infrastructure and to raise the internal
absorptive capacity there shall be different key policy measures.
REFERENCES
Lean, H. H. (2008). The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Growth of the Manufacturing
Sector in Malaysia. International Journal of Research, Vol 9(3), 1-9
BANGA, R. (2003). The Export-Diversifying Impact of Japanese and U.S. Foreign Direct
Investments in Indian Manufacturing Sector. aess publications, Vol. 8, No. 9, 1196-1210
S, S. H. (2012). Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Indian economy. International Applied
Economics and Management Letters, Vol. 1, 56-98
Muthusamy, S. S. (2019). Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Industrial Growth of India.
journal of developing economies, vol. 3, 56-77
SANTHI, R. (2018). impact of foreign direct investment on manufacturing industry in india. Indian
council for research on international economic relation, vol.4,105-12
176
www.ijemr.in

ijemr_April_2023_Final

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ijemr_April_2023_Final

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ijemr_April_2023_Final

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Volume 13 Issue 4

International Journal of Exclusive

Prof. Dr. Jose Antonio Filipe, Lisbon - Portugal.

1. AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON YOUTH’S PERCEPTION TOWARDS

Mr. Rahul. A, Dr S Gokula Krishnan 15

6. STUDY OF CUSTOMER STISFACTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING

7. STUDY ON INFLUENCE OF ADVERTISING ON E-TAILING

8. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON DIGITAL

10. A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE PERCEPTION TOWARDS EMOTIONAL

Sumanth V, Dr. Madeswaran A

Ms. Rachana S, Dr. Shilpi Kulshrestha

20. A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF RUSSIAN & UKRAINE WAR ON RETURNS

27. COMPARATIVE STUDY ON RISK AND RETURN OF SELECTED SMALL

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON YOUTH’S PERCEPTION TOWARDS ORGANIC AGRO PRODUCTS IN

DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS -- ANALYSIS 1:

A STUDY ON ―IMPACT OF TALENT ACQUISITION STRATEGIES ON EMPLOYEE

DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

A STUDY ON ―WORK LIFE BALANCE STRATEGIES OF FEMALE EMPLOYEES IN HOSPITALITY

IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

A COMPARITIVE STUDY ON ORGANOZED GROCERY RETAIL SECTOR AND UNORGANIZED

DATA AND METHODOLOGY

How often do you shop at organised retail Pearson

―PURCHASE INTENTION OF GREEN PRODUCTS IN CONSUMERS‖

STUDY OF CUSTOMER STISFACTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING

A STUDY ON CONSUMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS ONLINE PURCHASING IN FLIPKART WITH

STUDY ON INFLUENCE OF ADVERTISING ON E-TAILING

Francesca De Canio,Maria Fuentes-Blasco,Elisa Martinelli.-2022. To conflicting extrinsic impulses

Table no: 4.2

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON DIGITAL PAYMENTS SYSTEM

II. LITERATURE REVIEW:

III. Data and Methodology

A STUDY ON GOOGLE SEM VS PAID SOCIAL MEDIA IN B2B SECTOR.

 Majority of respondents are between age group of 31 – 40.

 Majority of respondents say that they are experts in digital marketing.

 B2B Marketing Edition 1 Published by K Venkataraman on 2017.

A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE PERCEPTION TOWARDS EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND

Mean 2.24 2.40 1.45 2.60 2.29 2.87 2.47 1.77

7. NEAL M. ASHKANASY EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AS A MODERATOR OF EMOTIONAL

A STUDY ON CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF NUTRITIONAL READY TO EAT/COOK PRODUCTS

A STUDY ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS ORGANIC FOOD PRODUCTION IN INDIA

An effort has been made in this study to examine and comprehend

A STUDY ON IMPACT OF TRAINING AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT ON PERFORMANCE LEVEL

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Variable1: - Training, Employee engagement

A STUDY ON STRESS RELATED FACTORS AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE

How would you rate the level of your

Table 5 Regression Statistics

Table 7: coefficients table

Table 4.5.3.3 Fit measures

A STUDY ON IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION ON EMOLYEE PERFORMANCE

 The process of the data collection was time consuming

INFERENTIAL ANALYSIS Analysis 1:

Model Employee Motivation

―A STUDY ON IMPACT OF EMPLOYEES MOTIVATION ON JOB

Table 2: Age group of employees

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MUTUAL FUNDS ON SELECTED BANKING SECTOR - AN

II. Review of Literature

IV.Data Analysis and Interpretation

WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON FIRM’S PERFORMANCE OF

II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE