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    3.5.3 Test Chemistry

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    3.5.3 Test Chemistry

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    41 views9 pages

    3.5.3 Test Chemistry

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    3.5.

    4 Test (TST): Teacher-Scored Unit Test Test


    Chemistry Honors Sem 1 Name:Warren Boyce
    Date:11/18/24

    In this test, you will apply what you have learned in the unit.
    Please answer the questions below. Submit this to your teacher
    when you are done.

    Question 1: Electron Address (14 points)

    a. The Bohr model of the atom described the position of an electron as


    circling the nucleus in set orbits with a specific radius. Current atomic
    theory describes the location of an electron more accurately. What are
    the three main parts of an electron's "address" used in current atomic
    theory that indicate an electron's location? (3 points)

    The three main parts are the principal quantum number (N), azimuthal
    quantum number (I), and magnetic quantum number (M).

    b. The Bohr model not only inadequately describes the energy of an


    electron, but it also inaccurately depicts the shape of the electron's
    orbit. Name two orbitals that current atomic theory uses to identify
    spaces electrons can occupy and describe the shape of each. (2
    points)

    The shapes that it makes are an s orbital shape and also a dumbbell
    shape.
    c. The positions of all the electrons in arsenic (As, atomic number
    33) can be specified in three different ways using electron notation.
    (6 points)

    i. Give the complete electron configuration of the arsenic (As)


    atom. (2 points)

    1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^3

    ii. Give the noble gas configuration of the arsenic (As) atom. (2
    points)

    [Ar} 4s^2 3d^10 4p^3

    iii. Give the orbital configuration of the arsenic (As) atom. (2 points)

    d. Given the orbital configuration of arsenic (As), explain how


    arsenic can have the following oxidation states. (3 points)
    i. –3 (for example, in GaAs)

    It can get it by gaining 3 electrons to fill its 4p orbital.

    ii. +3 (for example, in AsCl3)

    It can get it by loosing 3 electrons from its 4p orbital.

    iii. +5 (for example, in AsCl5)

    It can get it by loosing all 5 electrons from its 4s and 4p orbitals.

    Question 2: Trends on the Periodic Table (12 points)

    a. Put the following lists of atoms in order of increasing atomic radii.


    Explain what causes the observed trend. (4 points)

    i. Silicon (Si), tin (Sn), carbon (C), and lead (Pb) (2 points)

    What causes the observed trend in atomic size?

    the increase in atomic number corresponding to the increase in


    atomic radius.

    ii. Calcium (Ca), arsenic (As), potassium (K), and bromine (Br) (2
    points)

    What causes the observed trend in atomic size?

    Increase of atomic number, and the decrease in atomic radius, to


    the increase in effective nuclear charge.
    b. How do changes in atomic radii affect the following properties
    of an atom? (6 points)

    i. Shielding (2 points)

    As the atomic radius increases, the last electrons are farther away so it
    leads to a decrease in the effective nuclear charge and increase in
    shielding.

    ii. Electronegativity (2 points)

    as atomic radius decreases, the electronegativity increases.

    iii. First ionization energy (2 points)

    As atomic radius increases, the first ionization energy decreases.

    c. The energy required to remove the first electron from an atom


    is called the first ionization energy. The energy required to
    remove the second electron from an atom is called the second
    ionization energy. Would you predict that the second ionization
    energy is greater or less than the first ionization energy? Why? (2
    points)
    The second ionization energy is greater than the first due to the
    increase in electrostatic attraction between the remaining electrons
    and the nucleus.

    Question 3: Intramolecular and Intermolecular Forces (12


    points)

    a. NaCl is an ionic solid. Magnesium is a metallic solid. Answer the


    following questions about these two types of solids. (3 points)

    i. Explain the difference in bond types between an ionic solid


    and a metallic solid. (1 point)

    Ionic bonds are held together by oppositely charged ions, while


    metallic solids are held together by metallic bonds which are
    described as a sea of electrons.

    ii. How would the bond type determine the ability of the solid to
    conduct or not conduct electricity? (1 point)

    Ionic solids don’t conduct electricity, while metallic solids conduct


    electricity.
    iii. How does the bond type determine why one solid is brittle
    and one is malleable? (1 point)

    b. A bond is rarely just ionic or covalent. Rather, bonds are


    described as having "ionic character" or "covalent character."
    Discuss how differences in electronegativity contribute to this
    description. (2 points)
    Ionic bonds are strong while Metallic solids are malleable.

    c. How can a nonpolar molecule contain polar covalent bonds? (1


    point)

    It can contain polar covalent bonds by having a symmetrical shape.

    d. What intermolecular force would be the most significant for


    the following molecules? Explain your answer. (6 points)

    i. H—F (2 points)

    Hydrogen bonding would be the most significant, because is bonded


    to a highly electronegative fluorine atom.

    ii. H—Cl (2 points)


    The dipole-dipole interactions are the most significant because the
    difference in electronegativity is significant.

    iii. H—H (2 points)

    The London dispersion forces are the most significant because it’s a
    nonpolar molecule so it has weak forces.

    Question 4: Molecular Shapes (6 points)

    Use the VSEPR theory to draw the Lewis dot structures of the
    following molecules and then determine their shapes. (6 points)

    a. HCN (molecule has a triple bond between carbon and nitrogen) (2


    points)

    Lewis-dot structure:

    Name of molecular shape:


    Linear

    b. H3CCl (2 points)

    Lewis-dot structure:

    Name of molecular shape:

    tetrahedral

    c. NF3 (2 points)

    Lewis-dot structure:
    Name of molecular shape:

    Trigonal pyramidal

    Question 5: Ionic and Covalent Compounds (6 points)

    Complete the table. State whether the chemical listed is ionic or


    covalent and list the chemical name (if formula is given) or chemical
    formula (if name is given). (6 points)
    Chemical Ionic or
    formula covalent? Chemical name

    Tetraphosphorus
    covalent decasulfide
    P4S10

    ionic Chromium (III) Oxide


    Cr2O3

    CaCO3 Ionic
    Potassium sulfide

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    unauthorized copying, reuse, or redistribution is prohibited. Apex Learning ® and the Apex Learning Logo are

    registered trademarks of Apex Learning Inc.

    3.5.4 Test (TST): Teacher-Scored Unit Test

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