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    3.5.1 Practice - Bonding in Matter (Practice)

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    3.5.1 Practice - Bonding in Matter (Practice)

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    3.5.1 Practice - Bonding in Matter (Practice)

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    3.5.

    1 Practice: Bonding in Matter Practice


    Chemistry Honors Sem Name:
    1 Date:

    Question 1: Electron Notation Example (2 points)

    a. Give the electron configuration of vanadium (V), atomic number 23. (0.5 points)

    [Ar]4s²3d³

    b. Give the noble gas configuration of vanadium (V), atomic number 23. (0.5 points)

    [Ar]3d³4s²

    c. List the energy levels for the orbital configuration of vanadium (V), atomic number
    23. (1 point)

    Read pages 1 – 5 of the practice activity to find information that will help you
    answer question 2.

    Question 2: Symmetry and Orbitals (7 points)

    a. The image below shows the radial probability distribution plots for the first two s
    orbitals and their corresponding cross sections. Based on these two examples and
    the image of a 3s orbital cross section, draw the probability distribution function for
    a 3s orbital using the graph provided. (2 points)
    3s orbital

    b. There are three p orbitals. Below are the pz (along the z-axis) and py (along the
    y-axis) orbitals. Based on these two orbitals, draw the px orbital onto these
    coordinates. (2 points)
    c. Like the p orbitals, the d orbitals are not all the same. Below is the dxy orbital. It's
    positioned to help you picture it on the xy-plane. Based on this diagram, draw the dyz
    and dxz orbitals on the axes provided below. (3 points)
    Question 3: Trends on the Periodic Table (2 points)

    a. How does the atomic radius change going down and across the periodic table?
    (0.5 points)

    On the periodic table, atomic radius generally decreases as you


    move from left to right across a period (due to increasing nuclear
    charge) and increases as you move down a group (due to the
    increasing number of electron shells).

    b. How does first ionization energy change going down and across the periodic
    table? (0.5 points)

    Ionization energy increases across a period (on moving left to right)


    and decreases (on moving up to down) down the group.

    c. How does electronegativity change going down and across the periodic table?
    (0.5 points)
    Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom to attract
    the electrons when the atom is part of a compound.
    Electronegativity values generally increase from left to right across
    the periodic table.

    d. How does the radius of a positive and negative ion compare to a neutral atom?
    (0.5 points)

    Taking an electron from a neutral atom to make it a positive ion will


    make the radius smaller. Compare the radius of a negative ion to
    the radius of its neutral atom. The radius of a negative ion is larger
    than the radius of a neutral atom.

    Question 4: Chemical Bonds (1 point)

    Match each chemical bond to its correct description. (1 point)

    A) ionic bonds are formed by transfer of electrons.


    B) Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons.
    C) Metallic bonds are formed due to freely moving electrons.
    A. Ionic bond ___ Sharing of electrons

    B. Covalent bond ___ Freely moving electrons

    C. Metallic bond ___ Transfer of electrons

    Question 5: Intermolecular Forces (3 points)

    a. Describe the dipole-dipole force. (1 point)

    Dipole-dipole forces are attractive forces between the positive end


    of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar
    molecule

    b. Describe hydrogen bonding. (1 point)

    Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole attraction


    between molecules, not a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom
    c. Describe the Van der Waals forces. (1 point)

    Van der Waals forces are weak electrostatic forces that attract
    neutral molecules to one another.

    Question 6: Intermolecular Forces and You (2 points)

    Imagine you need to take a medicine that the doctor has prescribed for you. Explain
    why scientists who developed that medicine would need to know whether or not the
    compound in that medicine is polar. How might a polar medicine behave differently
    within your body than a nonpolar medicine would? Answer in 1 to 2 paragraphs.

    Polar compounds are water soluble and fail to cross the cell
    membrane. Therefore scientists need to be sure of using
    compounds that are non polar in nature so they pass through the
    cell membrane and enter into the blood circulation of the body and
    perform its due function
    Read pages 6 – 8 of the practice activity to find information that will help you
    answer question 7.

    Question 7: Energy in Bonds (9 points)

    Use these tables for reference for all parts of this question.

    Table 1

    Table 2

    This table summarizes the average energies of single bonds between atom pairs in
    many different compounds.

    a. According to Table 2, which is the strongest bond? Which is the weakest bond?
    Based on what you know about the atomic radii and electronegativity of the
    elements involved in the bonds, why do you think these two have the most extreme
    bond-energy values? (3 points)
    The weakest bond is iodine with iodine. This is because hydrogen and iodine have
    similar
    electronegativity, but hydrogen has the smallest atomic radius and iodine has the
    largest

    b. How are the bond energies of each bond listed in Table 2 determined? (1 point)

    By using Hesses law

    c. Why do you think there aren't bond energy values given in Table 2 for N–S and
    S–I? (1 point)

    This is because sulfur bonds with iodine end Nitrogen in a variety of different ways
    with a wide
    range of bond energies
    d. Based on Tables 1 and 2, how would you describe the trend in bond strength of
    single, double, and triple bonds? (1 point)

    The trend in bond strength of single, double, and triple bonds is had the average
    bond energy
    seems to increase as the number of bonds increases

    e. Based on Table 2, how would you describe the trend in the strength of bonds
    formed by the elements carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen? Would you describe this trend
    as a periodic trend? Why or why not? (3 points)

    I would have described it as seeing a change in bond energy which seems to be


    increasing.
    Question 8: Causes of Molecular Shape (3 points)

    a. What is the VSEPR theory? (1 point)

    A model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules

    b. How does electron repulsion determine molecular shape? (1 point)

    The VSEPR theory assumes that each atom in a molecule will achieve a geometry
    that minimizes the repulsion between electrons in the valence shell of that atom

    c. How do lone electron pairs affect molecular shape? (1 point)

    one pairs repel each


    other and will therefore adopt the geometry that places electron pairs as far apart
    from each other as possible.

    Question 9: Types of Molecular Shapes (3 points)

    Identify the following molecular shapes. (0.5 points per answer)

    A: Trigonal pyramid
    B: Linear
    C: Trigonal pyramidal
    D: trigonal planar
    E: Linear
    F: Linear
    Question 10: Lewis Structure (3 points)

    a. Draw the Lewis structure for the Se and 2 H atoms. (1 point)

    b. Draw the Lewis structure for the SeH2 molecule. (1 point)


    c. What shape would SeH2 have? Draw the molecule. (1 point)
    Question 11: Ionic and Covalent Compounds (5 points)

    Identify each of the following as a covalent compound or ionic compound. Then


    provide either the formula for compounds identified by name or the name for those
    identified by formula. (1 point each)

    a. Li2O:Ionic compound, lithium oxide


    b. Dinitrogen trioxide: Covalent , N2O3

    c. PCl3: Covalent, phosphorus trichloride


    d. Manganese(III) oxide: covalent, Mn2O3
    e. Calcium bromide:Ionic CaBr2

    Copyright © 2019 Apex Learning Inc. Use of this material is subject to Apex Learning's Terms of Use. Any unauthorized
    copying, reuse, or redistribution is prohibited. Apex Learning ® and the Apex Learning Logo are registered trademarks of Apex
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    3.5.1 Practice: Bonding in Matter

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