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7 views

Module2-typesofFlow-stream-function-potentialfunction

This is how my sister is not a problem with the help of you who are interested in the same

Uploaded by

shaik.rijwana32
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Classification of Flow: Compressible versus Incompressible flows

✔ If the density variations are negligible then the fluid is incompressible, for example water.

✔ While, air is compressible fluid as density variation can be significant.

✔ The closed piston-cylinder arrangement can be pushed for compressible or incompressible ?

✔ Can air be considered as incompressible flow under certain conditions ? Answer is yes !

✔ It is noted that when Mach number of air flow is less than 0.3, the density variation in the fluid
are less than 5% which can be neglected for engineering applications.

✔ Mach number = Speed of Fluid / Speed of Sound

✔ For air, Speed of sound (at room temperature) is around 315 m/s. Hence the air velocity upto
100 m/s can be considered as incompressible flow.

✔ Remember that air is compressible fluid but when it is flowing at velocities less than 100 m/s. It is
considered as incompressible flow. In this way, it brilliantly simplifies the analysis!
5
Viscous vs Inviscid regions of fluid flow

✔ Any fluid has some viscosity by default!

✔ Some regions of the fluid flow can be considered inviscid.

✔ Viscous effects are dominant within the boundary layer while they can be neglected outside the
boundary layer.

✔ All these efforts would simplify the analysis!

6
Viscous vs Inviscid regions of fluid flow

7
Internal vs External fluid flow

8
Classification of Fluids: Laminar vs Turbulent Flow

✔ Laminar: Smooth and Orderly.

✔ Turbulent: Chaotic.

✔ If the fluid is highly viscous, then what type of flow it will tend to be in general ? 9
Reynolds number
Reynolds number
Classification of Fluids: Steady vs Unsteady Flow

✔ Steady: The properties of fluid do not vary with time.

✔ Unsteady: The properties of fluid vary with time.

Classification of Fluids: Uniform vs Non-uniform Flow

✔ Uniform: The properties of fluid do not vary with space.

✔ Non-uniform: The properties of fluid vary with space.

✔ Properties can be velocity, pressure, density etc.

12
Classification of Fluids: 1D, 2D and 3D Flows

✔ 1D: Velocity is a function of only one space co-ordinate (i.e. x or y)

✔ 2D: Velocity is a function of two space co-ordinate (i.e. x and y)

✔ 3D: Velocity is a function of three space co-ordinate (i.e. x, y and z)

✔ Note: The geometry or domain of the flow can be two dimensional but still that flow would
be called as one dimensional if the velocity varies only along one space co-ordinate.

✔ Example is flow in a pipe (will be discussed in later modules)

13
Continuity Equation (Conservation of mass equation)

uoutlet > uinlet as area of nozzle decreases at outlet


1: inlet
2: outlet Q = A*V, Q (m3/s) is called Discharge or Volume flow rate
Continuity Equation (in differential form)
For Incompressible and steady flow:

u: velocity along x direction


v: velocity along y direction
w: velocity along z direction

For 2 dimensional flow


Continuity Equation (in cylindrical co-ordinates)
For Incompressible and steady flow:

ur: velocity along r direction


uθ : velocity along θ direction
uz: velocity along z direction

r-θ plane r-z plane


Total differential formula

Z = f(x, y)
Vorticity

In this course we will deal only with two dimensional flow in x-y plane, vorticity is perpendicular to velocity
field (i.e. x-y plane) or along z direction
Problem 1
Problem 1
Problem 2
Problem 2
Problem 3
Problem 3
Problem 4
Problem 4
Problem 5
Problem 5
Acceleration of fluid particle

Local or temporal Acceleration Convective Acceleration

Total
acceleration
Local or temporal Acceleration Convective Acceleration

Total
acceleration

V = ui + vj + wk

Along X direction:

Along Y direction:
Acceleration of fluid particle (optional)

.
B

.
A
Problem 1
Problem 1
Problem 1
Problem 2
Problem 2
Problem 2
Problem 3
Problem 3
Problem 3
Problem 3
Velocity Potential
Velocity Potential
Stream Function
Stream Function
Stream Function
Relation between velocity potential and stream function
Equi-Potential lines

……….. 5.13
Constant Stream lines

………... 5.14
Problem 1
Problem 1
Problem 2
Problem 2
Problem 3
Problem 3
Problem 4
Problem 4
Problem 4
Problem 5
Problem 5
Problem 6
Problem 6

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