“A STUDY ON STUDENTS ATTITTUDE TOWARDS

ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE

TO PULPATTA PANCHAYATH”

PROJECT REPORT
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE
University of Calicut
Submitted by

KHAMARUNNEESA P
(Reg.No. PFAVBCM018)

Under the guidance and supervision of

Mrs. ASHIQUA KC
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
PRISTINE VALLEY COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES,
POOKOLATHUR
FEBRUARY 2024
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Entrepreneurship plays a pivotal role in the economic development of any region,
fostering innovation, job creation, and sustainable growth. Pulpatta Panchayath, a
vibrant rural community in India, is no exception to this global trend.
Understanding the attitudes of students towards entrepreneurship in Pulpatta
Panchayath is essential for harnessing the untapped potential within this region.
This study aims to identify into the perceptions, motivations, and aspirations of
students in Pulpatta Panchayath concerning entrepreneurship.

Pulpatta Panchayath is characterized by its rich cultural heritage and diverse

demographics. It is important to note that the attitude towards entrepreneurship
can vary significantly based on cultural, educational, and socio-economic factors.
Therefore, a comprehensive study is needed to explore the nuanced perspectives
of students in this particular context.

In conclusion, this study seeks to shed light on the attitudes of students towards
entrepreneurship in Pulpatta Panchayath, offering insights that can potentially
transform the local economic landscape. By fostering a culture of
entrepreneurship among the youth, we aim to create a brighter and more
prosperous future for this vibrant rural community.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study “A Study on students' attitudes towards entrepreneurship in Pulpatta

Panchayath” Is to assess and understand the attitudes of students in Pulpatta
Panchayath towards entrepreneurship. This research aims to investigate the factors
influencing students' inclination towards entrepreneurship, their awareness of
entrepreneurial opportunities in the local context, and the potential barriers like
financial risk that may deter them from pursuing entrepreneurial endeavors. By
exploring these aspects, this study seeks to provide valuable insights that can
inform educational and policy interventions to promote entrepreneurship among
students in Pulpatta Panchayath entrepreneurs

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

●To assess the level of awareness among students regarding entrepreneurship

●To Understand the factors influencing students' interest in entrepreneurship.
●To Assess the level of awareness among students regarding barriers or
challenges students perceive in pursuing entrepreneurship.
● To Evaluate the role of education and family background in shaping students'
entrepreneurial attitudes.
●To Explore the aspirations of students with respect to entrepreneurial careers.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study on students' attitudes towards entrepreneurship in Pulpatta

Panchayath encompasses a multifaceted exploration of various dimensions. Firstly,
it involves a thorough examination of demographic variations among students,
delving into how age, gender, education level, and family background influence
their attitudes towards entrepreneurship. Secondly, it aims to gauge the level of
awareness and knowledge about entrepreneurship within this student population,
probing their understanding of entrepreneurial opportunities and challenges.
Additionally, the study seeks to identify perceived barriers, whether they be
financial, cultural, or social, which may hinder students from pursuing
entrepreneurial paths. Furthermore, it evaluates the impact of educational
institutions and programs on shaping these attitudes, as well as the influence of
local entrepreneurial role models. By analyzing government policies or initiatives
related to entrepreneurship in Pulpatta Panchayath, the study intends to uncover
any systemic factors that either encourage or discourage students' entrepreneurial
aspirations. A comparative analysis with neighboring areas will provide context-
specific insights. Ultimately, the study's scope extends to providing actionable
recommendations to foster a more conducive environment for nurturing
entrepreneurial mindsets and endeavors among students in Pulpatta Panchayath.

1.5 IMPORTANCE OF STUDY

 Valuable insights into the potential for fostering an entrepreneurial

ecosystem in the region.
 Help identify the level of interest and enthusiasm among the youth,
 Can inform educational institutions and policymakers about the need to
incorporate entrepreneurship education into the curriculum.
 Attitudes can also shed light on potential challenges or barriers that might
hinder entrepreneurial endeavors
1.6 RESEARCH METHEDOLOGY

Research methodology is a method to solve the research problem; it is a science of

studying how research is done scientifically. Essentially it is the procedure by
which the Researchers go about their work of describing, evaluating and predicting
phenomenon. It aims to give the work plan of research.

1.6-A RESEARCH DESIGN

Research design is the framework of research methods and techniques chosen by a

researcher to conduct a study. The design allows researchers to sharpen the
research methods suitable for the subject matter and set up their studies for
success. The main purpose of descriptive project design is to collect detailed and
factual information that describes an existing phenomenon.

1.6.B SOURCE OF DATA

Normally we can gather data from two sources namely primary and secondary.
Data gathered through perception or questionnaire review in a characteristic setting
are illustrations of data obtained in an uncontrolled situation. Secondary data is the
data acquired from optional sources like magazines, books, documents, journals,
reports, the web and more. The chart below describes the flow of the sources of
data collection

→ Primary Data: This project is prepared on the basis of primary data collected
by directly from pulpatta panjayath through questionnaire.

→ Secondary Data: Secondary sources of data are supplemented on behalf of

primary data. Latest information was gathered from books, journals, magazines
and Internet web resources.

1.6-C SAMPLING DESIGN

A sample design is the theoretical basis and the practical means by which we infer
characteristics of some population by generalizing from the characteristics of
relatively few of the unit comprising population.

I. Population:

Population means the aggregate of all elements under study having one or more
common characteristics.

The population consists of pulpatta panjayath

II. Sample size:

For the study the sample size 50 peoples. The sample size for the present study is
50 peoples from pulpatta panjayath The50 sample are size means the number of the
sample units selected from the population for investigation

III. Sampling technique:-

• Probability sampling: Probability sampling is a sampling technique where a

researcher sets a selection of a few criteria and Choose members of a population
randomly. All the members have an equal opportunity to be a part of the sample
with this selection parameter.

• Non-probability sampling: In non-probability sampling, the researcher chooses

members for research at random. This sampling method is not a fixed or
predefined selection process. This makes it difficult for all elements of a
population to have equal opportunities to be included in a sample. It is the
procedure for selecting sample members from a population for this study
convenient sampling method were used.
1.6-D TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES USED FOR THE STUDY

→ For data collection: Questionnaire is prepared by the researcher for securing

information from respondents.

→ For data analysis: Percentage analysis has been utilized for and interpretation
of data collected for the study.

→ For data presentation: Tables and diagrams have been drawn to represent the
interpreted data.

1.6-E PERIOD OF STUDY

The study started from 21 days starting from 01/01/2024 to 21/01/2024

1.7 PLAN OF THE WORK

The whole study is divided into five chapters:

Chapter 1: This chapter discusses the elementary aspects like introduction,

statement of problem, objectives of the study, scope of the study, significance of
the study, research methodology, tools for analysis etc.

Chapter 2: This chapter covers the concept and related issues of the study.
Different reviews related to the study are stated in this chapter.

Chapter 3: This chapter covers the profile of social media marketing.

Chapter 4: This chapter covers data analysis and interpretation. Analysis is made
from the data obtained through questionnaires. Different analysis, tests, charts,
figures etc. Of the study are shown in this chapter.

Chapter 5: This chapter presents the findings, suggestions and conclusion of the
research work drawn from the data analysis and interpretation.
1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

• The respondent reply may sometimes be biased one

• The sample size is limited in number

• Customer expectation and taste can change as time.

The study is restricted to resources

 Chapter 2
Review of literature
Review of literature
Hussain, Hashmi and Gilani (2018) conducted a study to explore the attitude of
technology education students towards Entrepreneurship. The study was
descriptive in nature. Sample of the study was consisted of 135 students from the
Department of Technology Education at Institute of Education and Research,
University of the Punjab, Lahore by using census sampling technique. Various
techniques i.e. T test, mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data.
The findings of the study showed that students of technology education
demonstrate positive attitude towards entrepreneurship. Also no significant
difference was found between students’ attitude towards entrepreneurship in terms
of gender and session. They also suggested that suggested that seminars and
workshops should be conducted by educational institutions to develop the
entrepreneurial skills among students for their career advancement.

Athulya (2017) carried out a study to evaluate the attitude of commerce students
towards entrepreneurship. The objectives of the study were to analyse the factors
that influenced intention of students towards entrepreneurship. They selected a
sample of 200 students in Calicut city. Study was solely based on primary data
which was collected through structured questionnaire. Simple statistical tools like
Percentage analysis and Chi- square analysis were used to analyze the data. The
study found that there was significant relation between gender and students
awareness regarding Govt. EDP schemes. They also concluded that concluded that
most of the students are willing to start their own business . But majority of them
fear about chance of failure.
Breznik & Law (2016) explored the impact of attitude and innovation on
entrepreneurial intention. They made a comparative analysis between engineering
and non-engineering students. The sample of the study was 400 students of
engineering and 800 of non- engineering. Data could collect only from 998
students of Hong Kong University. They explored the impact of Four behavioral
indicators included learning motivation, entrepreneurial intention, attitude towards
entrepreneurial intention and efficacy. A questionnaire was structured by them on
seven point Likert scale include statements of above mentioned variables. The
results of the study showed that positive correlation was found between learning
motivation and innovativeness. Also the innovativeness was strong correlated with
self-efficacy and attitude. Attitude of engineering students was found more
significant towards entrepreneurial intention as compare to non-engineering
students.

Hamouda & Ledwith (2016) explored the impact of a designated multi-

disciplinary entrepreneurship programme on the development of the students as
regards to their attitude and intention. They selected a sample of 20 students
included 17 male and 3 females. A questionnaire was structured to explore the
attitude of students towards entrepreneurship attitude. The study found that
participants generally have a positive attitude to their perception of their own
entrepreneurial skills and characteristics. Five factors were stated to analyze the
current position of entrepreneurs. Out of 20 respondents, 3 were engaged in
education institute, 10 were employed in Chosen Discipline, 4 from Employed
outside Chosen Discipline and 3 were Unemployed. Three statements were
structured to know the confidence level of students. 14 of the respondents feel
confident and 6 feel very confident that they will start a business at some stage in
the future. Graduates are more confident of their sense of judgment, better
equipped at decision-making and ideas generation and resourceful in pursuing
opportunities to commercial value.

Nandamuri (2016) carried out a study to analyze the power of family occupation
on the capabilities of entrepreneurial management of the graduating youth. The
above study was descriptive in nature. A sample of 200 students was selected
included 125 male and 75 female. The sample was served with a schedule of five
customized questions structured on 5-point Likert scale. Family occupation
background was taken as independent variable and entrepreneurial management
capability was taken as dependent variable. Anova and post hoc analysis was used
by the researcher to analyze the data. The results showed that respondents
belonged to business families were having strong preference for components of
autonomy; risk taking and drive; and energy, while the sample group from families
with employment as occupation proves strong on the two components of pro-
activeness and self-confidence. They concluded that family occupational
background exerts a significant impact on the entrepreneurial management
capabilities.

Kushwaha and Maru (2015) analyzed the “the attitude of management students
towards entrepreneur & entrepreneurship in Andhra University”. Primary data was
collected through questionnaire included both open ended and close ended
statements. Descriptive analyses were used to analyze the above data. The study
concluded that one fifth of the students were willing to conduct their own business.
Nearly half of students studying management program are much interested in
building career in public sector organization. Whereas female students are more
interested to work with public sector organization; the reason may be some
reservation for them allocated by Government of India. Also the above study
suggested that university should include customized Entrepreneurship skill
development tools in its education system.

Abirami & Kumar (2014) conducted a study to examine the Entrepreneurial

awareness among the college students. The objectives of the study were to know
the awareness level of students, to analyze sources of finance for entrepreneurship,
to analyze the factors influencing students for entrepreneurship. A sample of 400
students from Arts and Science colleges in Tirupur district collected for the study.
Chi-square Analysis technique used for analyze the data. The study found that
most of the male students have positive orientation towards entrepreneurship in
comparison to female students. This study also found that students have issues
related to financial aspect of entrepreneurship. Researchers suggested that bank
should provide finance to students for starting new businesses, government should
provide technical knowledge to female students, and colleges may increase
entrepreneurial skills of students through lectures, seminars, workshops.

Casero et.al (2012) carried out a study to evaluate the influence of institutional
environment on entrepreneurial intentions of university students. The objectives of
the study were to assess the perceptions of desirability, feasibility and intention of
Portugal’s and Spain’s students towards entrepreneurship. Researcher collected
data from these two countries. A sample of 527 students collected from Portugal
and 516 students from Spain. Simple statistical techniques like percentageanalysis,
chi-square analysis used to analyze the data. The study found that both countries
university students have a positive perception towards entrepreneurship. Spain’s
university students considered entrepreneurship is easier in comparison to
Portugal’s university students.
Pihie & Bagheri (2011) conducted a study to explore the Maley Secondary School
Students’ entrepreneurial attitude orientation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy
nature. A sample of 2574 students were randomly selected from states around
Malaysia namely Perak, Pahang, Negari Sembilan. Students were selected from
commerce, technical and vocational education programs. Various techniques and
instruments i.e. mean, correlation, questionnaires, cronbach Alfa, were used to
collect and analyze the data. The findings of the study showed that students of
vocational and technical subjects have positive attitude towards entrepreneurship.
Researcher suggested that entrepreneurship education and training should be
provided by the school to students to increase the potential of younger generation
for entrepreneurship.

Packham et.al (2010) made a comparative analysis between the students of

France, Germany and Poland as regard to their attitude towards entrepreneurship.
A questionnaire was structured on five point likertscale to compares the impact of
a short enterprise course on entrepreneurial attitude among undergraduate students
in French, German and Polish HEIs. The findings of the study revealed that
Enterprise education has a positive impact on entrepreneurial attitude of French
and Polish students. Also female students are more likely to perceive a greater
benefit from the learning experience, the impact of enterprise education on
entrepreneurial attitude is actually more significant for male students.

Kumara & shasranam (2009) analyzed the entrepreneurial characteristics of

business management students. They also analyzed the influence of demographic
variable on entrepreneurial characteristics. A sample of 51 students was collected
by using convenience sampling. A quiz was conducted to test the characteristics
included 25 statements compromising the “yes” or “No” statements. Various
parametric and non- parametric tests i.e. F test, T test and chi square were used to
analyze the data. The findings showed that there was no correlation between the
marks of 10th, 12th and degree class and entrepreneurial characteristics. Equality
of variance was found irrespective of their marks below 60% or above.

Erich, J (2009), in his study examined key factors influencing student’s intent to
create a new venture. He investigated the effect of individual’s attitude in general
and towards self-employment on their choice of entrepreneurial career. The sample
of the study was consisted of 1326 students from of universities in Austria. The
attitude towards entrepreneurship was the most relevant predictor of
entrepreneurial intent
among students. Also, there was found a positive attitude towards autonomy and
most significant impact on the interest of the students to becoming an entrepreneur.
Attitude towards money have a strong positive impact on entrepreneurial intent.
The university actions to foster the aspiration to start a business led to the stronger
willingness to become entrepreneurs.
 CHAPTER 3
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
DEFINITION OF ENTREPRENEUR
The term ‘entrepreneur’ was first used in the business field by Richard Cantillon,
the French economist. To him, an entrepreneur means a dealer who purchases the
means of production for combining them into marketable products.
According to Peter F Drucker “An entrepreneur is one who always searches for
change, responds to it, and exploits it as an opportunity. Innovation is the specific
tool of entrepreneurs, the means by which they exploit change as an opportunity
for a different business or service”.

Meaning of Entrepreneur
The entrepreneur is defined as someone who has the ability and desire to establish,
administer and succeed in a startup venture along with risk entitled to it, to make
profits. The best example of entrepreneurship is the starting of a new business
venture. The entrepreneurs are often known as a source of new ideas or innovators,
and bring new ideas in the market by replacing old with a new invention.
It can be classified into small or home business to multinational companies. In
economics, the profits that an entrepreneur makes is with a combination of land,
natural resources, labor and capital.
In a nutshell, anyone who has the will and determination to start a new company
and deals with all the risks that go with it can become an Entrepreneur.

Concept of Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship is the ability and readiness to develop, organize and run a
business enterprise, along with any of its uncertainties in order to make a profit.
The most prominent example of entrepreneurship is the starting of new businesses.
In economics, entrepreneurship connected with land, labor, natural resources and
capital can generate a profit. The entrepreneurial vision is defined by discovery and
risk-taking and is an indispensable part of a nation’s capacity to succeed in an
ever-changing and more competitive global marketplace.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Entrepreneurship is a multi-dimensional task defined differently by different
scholars. For some, entrepreneurship is ‘risk bearing’, for some others, it is
‘innovating’ and for certain others, it is ‘thrill seeking’. Entrepreneurship is neither
a science nor an art. It is a practice.

DEFINITION
A.H Cole
defines entrepreneurship as “the purposeful activity of an individual or a group
of associated individuals, undertaken to initiate, maintain or aggrandize profit by
production or distribution of economic goods and services.
Schumpeter
defines “entrepreneurship is based on purposeful and systematic innovation. It
included not only the independent business man but also company directors and
managers who actually carry out innovative functions”.

Entrepreneurship characteristics
 Innovation: Entrepreneurs often introduce new ideas, products, or services to
the market, bringing innovation and creativity.
 Risk-taking: Entrepreneurship involves taking calculated risks, as
entrepreneurs often invest time, money, and resources into ventures with
uncertain outcomes.
 Proactivity: Entrepreneurs are proactive and take initiative to identify
opportunities and address challenges in the market.
 Persistence: Successful entrepreneurs exhibit resilience and persistence in
pursuing their goals, even in the face of setbacks or failures.
  Adaptability: Entrepreneurs must be adaptable to changing market
conditions, consumer preferences, and technological advancements.
 Passion: Passion drives entrepreneurs to pursue their ventures with
dedication and enthusiasm, often overcoming obstacles along the way.
 Vision: Entrepreneurs have a clear vision of their goals and aspirations,
guiding their decision-making and strategic direction.
 Resourcefulness: Entrepreneurs are resourceful in leveraging available
resources efficiently to achieve their objectives, whether it's financial
capital, human capital, or networks.
 Leadership: Successful entrepreneurs exhibit strong leadership qualities,
inspiring and guiding their team members towards a common vision.
 Flexibility: Entrepreneurs must be flexible and open to adapting their
strategies based on feedback, market dynamics, and changing circumstances.

TYPES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIPS
Small Business Entrepreneurship

These businesses are a hairdresser, grocery store, travel agent, consultant,

carpenter, plumber, electrician, etc. These people run or own their own business
and hire family members or local employee. For them, the profit would be able to
feed their family and not making 100 million business or taking over an industry.
They fund their business by taking small business loans or loans from friends and
family.

Scalable Startup Entrepreneurship

This start-up entrepreneur starts a business knowing that their vision can change
the world. They attract investors who think and encourage people who think out of
the box. The research focuses on a scalable business and experimental models, so,
they hire the best and the brightest employees. They require more venture capital
to fuel and back their project or business.

Large Company Entrepreneurship

These huge companies have defined life-cycle. Most of these companies grow and
sustain by offering new and innovative products that revolve around their main
products. The change in technology, customer preferences, new competition, etc.,
build pressure for large companies to create an innovative product and sell it to the
new set of customers in the new market. To cope with the rapid technological
changes, the existing organizations either buy innovation enterprises or attempt to
construct the product internally.

Social Entrepreneurship

This type of entrepreneurship focuses on producing product and services that

resolve social needs and problems. Their only motto and goal is to work for society
and not make any profits.
TYPES OF ENTREPRENEURS
1. Innovative Entrepreneurs: - An innovative entrepreneur is one who introduces
new goods, and better combination of an enterprise. This type of entrepreneur
is a rare species in developing countries.
2. Adoptive or Imitating Entrepreneurs: - Adoptive entrepreneurs are adopting or
imitating the successful innovations made by other entrepreneurs. These
entrepreneurs are the most suited for developing countries because such
countries can adopt technology, knowledge and skill already available in
advanced countries.
3. Fabian Entrepreneurs: - Fabian entrepreneurship is characterized by great
caution in introducing any change. These entrepreneurs are shy and lazy. Their
dealings are determined by customs, religion, tradition and past practices.
Being not interested in taking risks, they follow the footsteps of their
predecessors.
4. Drone Entrepreneurs: - A drone entrepreneurs are following the traditional
method of production. In majority of cases, drone entrepreneurs are thrown out
of market due to poor marketability of their products.
5. Empirical: - The empirical entrepreneur hardly introduces anything
revolutionary and follows the principle of rule of thumb.
6. Rational: - The rational entrepreneur is well informed about the general
economic conditions. He introduces changes that look more revolutionary.
7. Cognitive: - The cognitive entrepreneur is well informed. He drawn upon the
advice and services of experts and introduces changes that reflect a complete
break-up from the existing scheme of things. The following are some more
types of entrepreneurs listed by some other behavioral scientists.
8. Solo operators: - They prefer to do their work alone, and if needed they may
employ a few subordinates. In the beginning most of the entrepreneurs start
their enterprises in this form.
9. Active Partners: - Active partners are those entrepreneurs who carry on their
business as a joint venture. All the partners take active part in the operations of
the business
10.Inventors: - Inventors are those entrepreneurs who invent new products or new
method of production by utilizing their innovative competencies.
11.Challengers: - These entrepreneurs plunge into industry because of the
challenges it presents.
12.Buyers: - The buyers do not like to bear much risk. In order to reduce the risk
in setting up a new enterprise, they would like to purchase an on-going
business.
13.Life timers: - These entrepreneurs are inherited entrepreneurs. They consider
their business as an integral part of their life.

Entrepreneurship functions
 Innovation: Entrepreneurs often introduce new products, services, or
processes to the market, driving innovation and progress.
 Risk-taking: Entrepreneurs are willing to take risks by investing time, money,
and resources into new ventures, with the hope of achieving future rewards.
 Opportunity identification: Entrepreneurs possess a keen ability to recognize
and capitalize on market opportunities that others may overlook.
 Resource mobilization: Entrepreneurs gather and allocate resources such as
capital, labor, and technology to bring their ideas to fruition.
 Value creation: Entrepreneurs create value for customers by addressing their
needs and preferences through innovative solutions.
 Job creation: Successful entrepreneurial ventures often lead to the creation of
job opportunities, contributing to economic growth and development.
  Wealth generation: Entrepreneurs have the potential to generate wealth for
themselves, their employees, and stakeholders through successful business
endeavors.
 Adaptation: Entrepreneurs must adapt to changing market conditions,
consumer preferences, and technological advancements to remain competitive
and sustainable.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF ENTREPRENEUR

1.Gaining profits
As previously explained, the main objective, or what is commonly known, is to
gain profits. Almost all entrepreneurs have this objective. Even non-profit
companies still need profits to support their operational activities. Therefore,
entrepreneurs should be skilled at identifying opportunities and seeking ways to
develop their businesses to generate profits.
2.Creating job opportunities
This business goal is highly virtuous as it focuses on the broader community.
When a new business is established, the company automatically absorbs labor. The
larger the business, the more likely it is to create job opportunities and
hire more people.
3.Meeting society’s need
Society has diverse needs in the form of products and services. Business
enterprises can help people meet these needs, starting from primary, secondary,
and tertiary needs. On the other hand, without companies producing the goods and
services people require, society’s needs will remain unmet. Society and companies
need each other and mutually benefit from one another.
4.Gaining achievements
The next business goal is to achieve success, both through recognized competitions
and awards, such as when a promoted product goes viral or benefits many people.
These achievements serve as a form of public recognition, proving that the
company’s product or service is superior to its competitors. The more awards a
company receives, the greater the consumer’s trust in the company and its leaders

5.Promoting and developing business

Every business in the world aims to promote and develop itself. Every business
owner wants their venture to advance and grow in terms of products and services,
human resources, and profits. The more developed and advanced a business
becomes, the more profits it can generate and the more employment opportunities
it can create.
6.Increasing economic growth
From a broader perspective, establishing a business can also aim to increase the
economic growth of the community and even raise the income level of an area. For
example, when a group of people sets up a factory, it not only absorbs labor from
the surrounding environment but also has a wider impact. The emergence of food
stalls around the factory, for instance, can improve the economy of the residents in
the neighborhood.
7.Demonstrating existence
The final general business goal is to demonstrate the company’s existence. Without
a clear presence, both directly and through social media, the trust of the public and
consumers can continue to diminish, hindering the company’s development.

Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development

The next section is devoted to the role of entrepreneurship in country’s economic
development. The startups are important because they facilitate change and
contribute to the growth of the market using innovation. Startups create new
capital, thus increasing the growth capacity. New capital is then invested in output.
Even though the importance of innovation is widely known, the connection
between innovation and monetization seems to be understudied. The author names
three ways of bridging this gap, namely the government in the role of innovator,
intrapreneurship, and entrepreneurship, with the latter being the most effective.
The last part of the chapter dedicated to the role of family, government, culture and
education in encouraging entrepreneurship

ADVANTAGES ENTREPRENEURSHIP
 Freedom and flexibility: Entrepreneurs have the freedom to set their own
schedules, pursue their passions, and make decisions independently.
 Potential for high rewards: Successful entrepreneurship can lead to significant
financial rewards and personal fulfillment.
 Innovation: Entrepreneurs have the opportunity to introduce new ideas,
products, and services to the market, driving innovation and progress.
 Job creation: Entrepreneurial ventures often lead to the creation of job
opportunities, contributing to economic growth and development.
 Personal growth: Running a business can foster personal and professional
growth, as entrepreneurs continually face new challenges and learn from their
experiences.

DISADVANTAGES ENTREPRENEURSHIP
 Financial risk: Entrepreneurship involves financial risk, as entrepreneurs often
invest their own money and resources into their ventures, with the potential for
failure and financial loss.
 Uncertainty: The business environment is inherently unpredictable, with
factors such as market fluctuations, competition, and regulatory changes
posing risks to entrepreneurial ventures.
 Work-life balance: Entrepreneurs may experience challenges in maintaining a
healthy work-life balance, as they often devote long hours and significant
effort to their businesses.
 Stress and pressure: Running a business can be stressful, with entrepreneurs
facing pressure to meet deadlines, achieve targets, and overcome obstacles.
 Loneliness: Entrepreneurship can be isolating, particularly for solo founders or
small teams, as they may lack the support and camaraderie found in larger
organizations.

Entrepreneurial Development Programme (EDP)

Entrepreneurial development is a systematic and organized activity. It acts as a
catalytic agent for the development of an industry. Entrepreneurial Development
Programme means any programme which intends to develop entrepreneurship. The
basic objective of an entrepreneurial development programme is to motivate the
job seekers to set up their own business concerns and thereby become employers
and not employees. It is based on the
concept that ‘entrepreneurs are not born, but they are developed through
education and training’.

Modern Entrepreneurship
Today, entrepreneurs are the lifeblood of economies all over the world. Even in
command economies like China, entrepreneurs are valued for their contribution to
the economy and encouraged to innovate to compete with companies around the
world. Since the beginnings of history, entrepreneurship has always been ruled by
the market forces known as supply and demand. Early entrepreneurs in the
Agricultural Revolution met the needs of farmers by providing them with tools and
shelter. In exchange, they received food that could feed their families. As years
went by, the means of entrepreneurship changed dramatically but the core reasons
for entrepreneurship remained the same. Everywhere in the world, entrepreneurs
arose to address demand by providing supply. They innovated and invented new
technologies to solve problems that nobody had ever solved before.
 CHAPTER 4
ANALYSIS AND INTREPRETATION
 TABLE 4.1
CLASSIFICATION OF GENDER

OPTION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

MALE 23 46%
FEMALE 27 54%
TOTAL 50 100%
(Sources: Primary data)
FIGURE 4.1
CLASSIFICATION OF GENDER

PERCENTAGE

MALE
46%

FEMALE
54%

INTREPRETATION
This table 4.1 shows that gender distribution of the respondents ,54% of the
respondence are female. And 46% of respondence are male.
 TABLE 4.2
CLASSIFICATION OF AGE

OPTION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

BELOW18 2 2%
18-25 42 86%
ABOVE 25 6 12%
TOTAL 50 100%
(Sources: Primary data)
FIGURE 4.2
CLASSIFICATION OF AGE
PERCENTAGE
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
BELOW18 18-25 ABOVE 25

INTREPRETATION
This the figure 4.2, The total samples are 50. It observed that the majority students
entrepreneurs are between 18-25(86%),The 40% students entrepreneurs are
between above 25,The 12% students entrepreneurs are between below 18.
 TABLE 4.3
CLASSIFICATION OF EDUCATION

OPTION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

SSLC 0 0%
HIGHER SECONDARY 13 26%
UG 25 50%
OTHER 12 24%
TOTAL 50 100%
(Sources: Primary data)
FIGURE 4.3
CLASSIFICATION OF EDUCATION
PERCENTAGE
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
SSLC HIGHER SECONDARY UG OTHER

INTREPRETATION
This table 4.3 The total samples are 50 respondents, the 50% of respondents are
UG , 26% are higher secondary education And 24% of respondents are others.
 TABLE 4.4
MARITUAL STATUS

OPTION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

SINGLE 34 68%
MARRIED 16 32%
TOTAL 50 100%
(Sources: Primary data)
FIGURE 4.4
MARITUAL STATUS
PERCENTAGE
80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
SINGLE MARRIED

INTREPRETATION
The table 4.4 show that majority students entrepreneurs are married (32%), there
are 68% students’ entrepreneurs are single.
 TABLE 4.5
ENTREPRENEURSHIP RELATED COURCES OR WORKSHOPS

OPTION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

YES 24 48%
NO 26 52%
TOTAL 50 100%
(Sources: Primary data)
FIGURE 4.5
ENTREPRENEURSHIP RELATED COURCES OR WORKSHOPS

PERCENTAGE

YES
NO 48%
52%

INTREPRETATION
This table 4.5 show that majority respondents are (52%) not attend to
entrepreneurship related courses or workshops and 48% respondents are attend to
entrepreneurship related courses or workshops
 TABLE 4.6
INTERESTED ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP CAREER

OPTION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

1 6 12%
2 14 28%
3 15 30%
4 5 10%
5 10 20%
TOTAL 50 100%
(Sources: Primary data)
FIGURE 4.6
INTERESTED ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP CAREER

2
5

INTREPRETATION
In this table 4.6 shows the interest of entrepreneurship career. Out of this 100%,
majority respondents are scaled in 3, and 28% of respondents scaled on 2,and 20%
of respondents scaled on 5,and 12% respondents scaled on 1,and 10% of
respondents scaled 3.
 TABLE 4.7
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

OPTION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

YES 47 94%
NO 3 6%
TOTAL 50 100%
(Sources: Primary data)
FIGURE 4.7
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
YES NO

6%

94%

INTREPRETATION
In this table 4.7 are shows the economic development. Out of 100% of majority
respondents are yes in the 94%, and no respondents 6%.
 TABLE4.8
FACTORS INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
FACTORS WEIGHT RANK
FORMULA EDUCATION 4.2 3
CREATIVITY AND INNOVATIONS 4.42 1
SUPPORT PROGRAMMES OR INITIATIVE 4.12 5
TECHNOLOGY PLAYS IN MODERN
ENTREPRENEURSHIP 4.14 4
SOCIAL NORMS 4.12 5

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 4.22 2

(Sources: Primary data)
FIGURE 4.8
FACTORS INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

POTENTIAL IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

SOCIAL NORMS INPUT YOUR ATTITTUDE TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP

TECHNOLOGY PLAYS IN MODERN ENTREPRENEURSHIP

LOCATE ENTREPRENEURIAL SUPPORT PROGRAMMES OR INITIATIVE

CREATIVITY AND INNOVATIONS IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP

FORMULA EDUCATION PREPARED STUDENTS FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

3.95 4 4.05 4.1 4.15 4.2 4.25 4.3 4.35 4.4 4.45

INTREPRETATION
In this table 4.8 shows that the factors influence of entrepreneurship. Out of 5 rank
of majority respondents are weight on 4.42 of creativity and innovations ,and 4.22
of community development, and 4.2 of formula education.
 TABLE 4.9
EDUCATION SYSTEM ENCOURAGE OR DISCOURAGE

PERCENTAGE
OPTION FREQUENCY (%)
YES 41 82%
NO 9 18%
TOTAL 50 100%
(Sources: Primary data)
FIGURE 4.9
EDUCATION SYSTEM ENCOURAGE OR DISCOURAGE
NO
18%

YES
82%

YES NO

INTREPRETATION
In this table 4.9 shows that the education system encourage or discourage. Out of
the 100% majority respondents are yes on 82%,and no respondents are 18%.
 TABLE 4.10
PERSONAL GROWTH

OPTION WEIGHT RANK

INDEPENDEND 3.3 2
BEHAVIOR 3.3 2
TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT 3.26 1
FAMILY EXPECTATION 2.98 3
(Sources: Primary data)
FIGURE 4.10
PERSONAL GROWTH

FAMILY EXPECTATION

TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT

BEHAVIOR

INDEPENDEND

2.8 2.9 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

INTREPRETATION
In this table 4.10 shows that the personal growth. Out of 3 rank majority
respondents are weight on 3.3 in the in depended and behavior, and 3.26 in the
technical development, and 2.98 in the family expectation.
 TABLE 4.11
CHALLENGES ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

OPTION WEIGHT RANK

RISK TAKING IN FIELD 4.2 1
GENDER INFLUENCES THE OPPORTUNITIES 3.9 4
FINANCIAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH EDP 4.08 2
BELIEVE EDP CAN SOCIAL CHALLENGES 3.96 3
(Sources: Primary data)
FIGURE 4.11
CHALLENGES ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

BELIEVE EDP CAN ADDRESS SOCIAL

CHALLENGES

FINANCIAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH EDP

GENDER INFLUENCES THE OPPORTUNITIES

RISK TAKING IN FIELD

3.75 3.8 3.85 3.9 3.95 4 4.05 4.1 4.15 4.2 4.25

INTREPRETATION
In this table 4.11 shows that the challenges of entrepreneurship. Out of the 4 rank
in majority respondents of weight 4.08 on financial risk, and 4.2 of risk taking in
field, and 3.96 are believe entrepreneurship can social challenges, and 3.9 are
gender influence the opportunities
 TABLE 4.12
BUSINESS VENTURES

OPTION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

SOCIAL 30 60%
EDP 17 34%
TRADITIONAL EDP 3 6%
TOTAL 50 100%
(Sources: Primary data)
FIGURE 4.12
BUSINESS VENTURES
6

34

60

SOCIAL EDP TRADITIONAL EDP

INTREPRETATION
In this table 4.12 shows that the business ventures. out of 100% of majority
respondents on 60% are social, and 34% respondents are entrepreneurship, and 6%
respondents are traditional entrepreneurs.
 TABLE 4.13
SUCCESS ENTREPRENEURS
OPTION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)
YES 38 76%
NO 12 24%
TOTAL 50 100%
(Sources: Primary data)
FIGURE 4.13
SUCCESS ENTREPRENEURS

24%

76%

YES NO

INTREPRETATION
In this table 4.13 shows that the success entrepreneurs. Out of 100% of majority
respondents are 76% on yes, and 24% no respondents of success entrepreneurs.
 TABLE 4.14
MOTIVES OF CAREER PATH
OPTION WEIGHT RANK
INSPIRATION 3.28 3
SELF ACTUALISATION 3.48 1
SOCIAL VALUE 3.14 4
INDEPENDENCE 3.44 2
(Sources: Primary data)
FIGURE 4.14
MOTIVES OF CAREER PATH

INDEPENDENCE

SOCIAL VALUE

SELF ACTUALISATION

INSPIRATION

2.9 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6

INTREPRETATION
In this table 4.14 shows that the motives of the career path. Out of 4 rank for
majority respondents are weight 3.48 on self-actualization, and 3.44 on
independence, and 3.28 on inspiration, and 3.14 on social value.
 TABLE 4.15
KIND OF SUCCESSFULL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
OPTION RESPONSES NON-RESPONSES RANK
LISTENING 60 40 2
COMMUNICATION SKILLS 84 16 1
READING 46 54 3
LEADERSHIP 60 40 2
MOTIVATION 38 62 4
(Sources: Primary data)
FIGURE 4.15
KIND OF SUCCESSFULL ENTREPRENEURSHIP

MOTIVATION

LEADERSHIP

READING

COMMUNICATION SKILLS

LISTENING

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

INTREPRETATION
In the table 4.15 shows that the successful entrepreneurship. In majority
respondents are 84% of communication skills, and 60% of respondents are
leadership and listening, and 46 % of reading, and 38% of motivation.
 TABLE 4.16
WORK LIFE BALANCE
OPTION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)
HIGHLY SATISFIED 9 18%
SATISFIED 35 70%
NEUTRAL 6 12%
DISATISFIED 0 0%
HIGHTY DISATISFEID 0 0%
TOTAL 50 100%
(Sources: Primary data)
FIGURE 4.16
WORK LIFE BALANCE
12% 18%

70%

HIGHLY SATISFIED SATISFIED NEUTRAL DISATISFIED HIGHTY DISATISFEID

INTREPRETATION
In this table 4.16 shows that the work life balance. Out of 100% of majority
respondents are 70% on satisfied, and 18% of respondents are highly satisfied, and
12% of respondents are neutral.
 TABLE 4.17
KIND OF EN TREPREUNERSHIP DOING
NON-
OPTION RESPONSES RESPONSES RANK
INTRODUCING 34 66 1
MANUFACTURING 34 66 1
PRODUCING 54 46 3
PURCHASING 42 58 2
(Sources: Primary data)
FIGURE 4.17
KIND OF EN TREPREUNERSHIP DOING

RESPONSES

PURCHASING

PRODUCING

MANUFACTURING

INTRODUCING

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

INTREPRETATION
In this table 4.17 shows that the kind of entrepreneurship doing. The majority
respondents are 54% of producing, and 43% of respondents purchasing, and 34%
of respondents are introducing and manufacturing.
 TABLE 4.18
ENTREPRENEURSHIP MODEL
OPTION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)
COLLABRATING 18 36%
INDEPENDEND 21 42%
GROUPS 11 22%
TOTAL 50 100%
(Sources: Primary data)
FIGURE 4.18
ENTREPRENEURSHIP MODEL

PERCENTAGE

COLLABRATING INDEPENDEND GROUPS

INTREPRETATION
In this table 4.18 shows that the entrepreneurship model. Out of 100% of majority
respondents are independed on 42% , and 32% of responding are collaborating,
and 22% of respondents are groups.
 TABLE 4.19
CAREER OPTION IN TODAY GLOBALISED WORLD
OPTION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)
STRONGLY AGREE 16 32%
AGREE 24 48%
NEUTRAL 8 16%
DISAGREE 2 4%
STRONGLY DISAGREE 0 0%
TOTAL 50 100%
(Sources: Primary data)
FIGURE 4.19
CAREER OPTION IN TODAY GLOBALISED WORLD

4
16
32

STRONGLY AGREE
AGREE
NEUTRAL
DISAGREE
STRONGLY DISAGREE

48

INTREPRETATION
This table 4.19 shows that the career option in today globalized world. Out of the
100% of majority students entrepreneurs are 48% of agree, and 32% of strongly
agree, and 16% of neutral, and 4% of disagree.
 CHAPTER 5

FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS

FINDINGS
 most of respondents are females.
 86% of respondents are under the age group between 18-25.
 50% students are studies UG
 most respondents are unmarried
 52% students have not participated entrepreneurship related courses or
workshops.
 3 out of 30% students are in entrepreneurship career
 94% of respondents are entrepreneurship can contribute economic
development
 in positive factors influence, formula education 60% of agree, creativity and
innovations 50% of strongly agree, for perception in entrepreneurship.
 ‌in most respondents are education system encourage thinking
 ‌in personal growth, mostly respondents are independent and behavior
 ‌in challenges, majority respondents are weight social challenges, and equally
weight of risk in field and financial risk.
 ‌60% of students are social business ventures inclined towards
 ‌the culture factor role in success entrepreneurs 76%
 ‌in career path, majority respondents are self-actualization, and independent
and inspiration of consider entrepreneurship
 ‌in success entrepreneurs’ skills, 84% of respondents are communication
skills, and 60% of listening and leadership.
 ‌in work life balance, 70% of respondents are satisfied.
 ‌in kind of entrepreneurship, 54% of respondents producing and 42% of
purchasing.
 ‌in starting business, majority respondents are independently.
 ‌48% of respondents are agree for entrepreneurship in career option in
globalized world.
SUGGESTION
 ‌To develop entrepreneurship tendencies in the country.
 To develop and encourage women entrepreneurs.
 To identify and train potential entrepreneurs.
 To develop necessary knowledge and skills amongst the participants.
 To start up co-operative women’s marketing societies.
 To set up EDP clubs in the college for the development of young
entrepreneurs.
 Business enterprises should respect social values and ethics etc.
 They should contribute to the socio-economic development of the country

‌
CONCLUSSION

From the above study we conclude, “Entrepreneur is an individual or group of

individuals who tries to create something new, searches new opportunities, bears
risk, unites various factors of production (such as land, labor, and capital), carries
innovations and from his skill and farsightedness faces unforeseen circumstances
and thereby earn profit.”

Entrepreneurship is a distinct factor of production which contributes to the

economic development of an economy. The primary contributions include
promotion of capital formation, creation of immediate large-scale employment,
promotion of balanced regional development, effective mobilization of capital,
efficient utilization of skill, and introduction of backward and forward linkages.

Entrepreneurship is regarded as closely associated with the economic history of

India. Over the years, it has passed through several phases. Now, the Government
of India is fully conscious of the significant role of entrepreneurship in the
economic development of the country. It has shown very keen interest and taken
several measures to promote the growth of entrepreneurship in the county. The
government has established several Entrepreneurship Development Institutes
(EDIs) all over the country. Besides, it offers a large number of incentives,
concessions, grants and other benefits to both small scale and large-scale
entrepreneurs to promote entrepreneurial growth, and there by achieve economic
development of the country.
APPENDIX