THE BISHOP’S CO-ED SCHOOL, KALYANI NAGAR

CLASS 10 - HISTORY & CIVICS

NOTES LESSON 4 - SECOND PHASE OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT

Q1). What were the causes for the Partition of Bengal? When was it implemented and by whom? (2 or 3
marks)
Partition of Bengal was implemented on 16th October 1905, by Lord Curzon.
a) The official reason was that Bengal was too big to be handled by the Governor General.
b) The real reason was to divide and rule – divide the Hindus and Muslims.
c) To break the hub of Indian Nationalism in Bengal.

Q2). What were the issues between the Early Nationalists and the Assertive Nationalists
that led to their split in 1907? (2 or 3 marks)
a) The Assertive Nationalists wanted to spread Swadeshi and Boycott to the entire country
whereas, the Early Nationalists wanted Swadeshi and Boycott to be confined to Bengal,
hence their differences in ideologies.
b) *Disagreement over the Presidentship at their session in Surat. The Assertive Nationalists
wanted Lala Lajpat Rai as the President and the Early Nationalists wanted Rash Behari Ghosh.

Q3) What was the main objective of the Assertive Nationalists? (2 marks)
a) Their main objective was immediate attainment of Swarajya or complete independence and
not self-government under the British rule.

Q4) What were the methods used by the Assertive Nationalists? (3 or 4 marks learn any four points
thoroughly. *You can get a question on Passive resistance by itself for 2 marks)
a) Swadeshi: producing goods in our own country.
b) Boycott: Boycott of British goods and use of Swadeshi goods.
c) National Education: National leaders advocated National Universities , a large number of
national schools were established, eg. Bengal National College, Pachaiyappa Nationtal College,
DAV movement.
d) *Passive Resistance: They adopted a policy of non-violent resistance, they asked the people
not to cooperate with the government service, courts, schools and colleges. They advocated
courage, self-confidence and a spirit of self sacrifice.
e) Revivalism: They planned the national movement on people’s religious beliefs. They revived
the festivals like Ganpati and Shivaji festival.
f) Personal sacrifices: They were ready for self-sacrifice, sufferings and hardships.
g) Mass involvement: They had faith in the strength of the masses and influenced them with
their sacrifices and suffering.
(Sub question: In what way did the Assertive Nationalists show Passive Resistance? Here you
will write points d,e,f,g.)

Home assignment:
Q5). Write the Differences between objectives and methods used by the Moderate and Assertive
Nationalists: (please write in a tabular format) (Application based question)
Q6) Discuss the Contributions by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. (points marked in text)
Q7) Discuss the Contributions by Lala Lajpat Rai. (points marked in text)
Q8) Discuss the Contributions by Bipin Chandra Pal. (points marked in text)

Please read your text and notes VC PDF thoroughly. Write answers to questions 5-8 in your note books and
submit for correction.
Sd/Mrs. Sandra Dsouza Jose
 THE BISHOP’S CO-ED SCHOOL, KALYANI NAGAR
Notes – Chapter 6 – Mahatma Gandhi and the National Movement
SCOPE OF SYLLABUS: Mahatma Gandhi - Non-Cooperation Movement : causes (Khilafat
Movement, Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy), programme and suspension – Chauri
Chaura incident and impact of the Movement.
The Civil Disobedience Movement: causes (reaction to the Simon Commission, Declaration
of Poorna Swaraj at the Lahore Session of 1929), Dandi March, programme and impact of
the Movement, Gandhi-Irwin Pact and the Second Round Table Conference.

Mahatma Gandhi :
Gandhiji first started with Satyagraha in South Africa. After his arrival in India he first
started with Satyagraha in Champaran and then in Ahmedabad and Kheda.

Important points at a glance for both the Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience
Movements.:
NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT
1920-1922 1930 - 1934

CAUSES OR a) Reaction to the Simon

a) Khilafat Movement
FACTORS Commission
b) Rowlatt Act
THAT LED TO b) Declaration of the Poorna
c) Jallianwalla Bagh Tragedy
THE Swaraj
(explain the points as marked in
MOVEMENTS c) Rejection of Gandhiji’s
the text or as on the PPT if asked
Eleven point Ultimatum OR
for 3 or 4 marks).
eleven demands. (explain
the points as marked in the
text or as on the PPT if
asked for 3 or 4 marks).
The Civil Disobedient
PROGRAMS a) Boycott programmes movement began with the
b) Swadeshi programmes DANDI MARCH.(give full event
c) Establishment of National of the Dandi March)
Educational institutions. Program:
a) Boycott of liquor, foreign
goods.
b) Defiance of Salt Laws
c) Non-payment of taxes and
revenues.
d) Swadeshi, National educational
institutions
REASON FOR
SUSPENSION The Chauri Chaura incident: The pact between Gandhiji and
OF THE a) Peasants protested against Lord Irwin known as the
MOVEMENT beating of volunteers, Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
outside a police station, the The Congress / Gandhiji had
police opened fire at the agreed to suspend the Civil
peasants. Disobedience Movement and
b) This infuriated the peasants attend the second round table
and they set the police conference.
station on fire, killing 22
policemen who were inside
the police station.
c) Gandhiji a believer of Ahimsa
was greatly shocked at this
incident and he withdrew the
Non-Cooperation Movement.
IMPACT OF NON CO-OPERATION MOVEMENT CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT
THE a) The National Movement a) The movement caused a
MOVEMENT became a Mass Movement. tide of patriotic fervour
b) It instilled confidence among (nationalistic feelings) in the
the people – People got country.
inspired to challenge the b) The Civil Disobedience
colonial rule. Movement was a mass
c) The Congress became a movement as it widened the
Revolutionary movement. base of the freedom struggle.
d) It fostered Hindu-Muslim c) It made people understand
Unity by merging the Khilafat the significance of the
Movement with this principles of non-violence.
movement. d) The movement popularised
e) Promoted Social reforms – new methods of propaganda
*steps were taken in like ‘Prabhat Pheris’ people
prohibiting and removal of went around singing patriotic
untouchability. *Boycott of songs. Handwritten Patrikas
foreign goods led to or news-sheets were issued.
promotion of Indian Children were organised in
handicrafts and industries. Vanara Sena and girls had
*Khadi became a symbol of their own Manjari Sena or the
the National movement. (you cat army.
may write any one of the e) It brought women out of
*asterisk points under social their homes to participate in
reforms.) politics.
PLEASE READ YOUR TEXT f) The Government of India
FOR THE OTHER POINTS. Act, 1935 introduced the
principle of Provincial
Autonomy i.e. responsible
Government in the Provinces.
g) The movement revived the
will to fight the elections
again, the Congress achieved
positive results in the 1937
elections.

The Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy:

(April 1919)
a) The Visual is the
Jallianwala Bagh
Memorial.
b) The incident took place at
Jallianwala Bagh,
Amritsar.
c) People had gathered there
to protest against the
arrest of leaders like Dr.
Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satya Pal.
d) General Dyer after closing the only exit, ordered his troops to shoot at the crowd,
thus killing about a thousand people.
The Chauri Chaura tragedy:
(February 1922)
a) The visual is of the Shaheed
Smarak Memorial built at
Chauri Chaura, Gorakhpur.
b) The incident took place in
Chauri Chaura, Gorakhpur.
Peasants marched to the
police station to protest
against a police officer who
had beaten up a volunteer.
c) The Police opened fire at
the people or mob gathered there.
d) This angered the people, they set the police station on fire, killing 22 policemen who
were inside the police station.
e) Gandhiji a believer of Ahimsa was greatly shocked at this incident and he withdrew the
Non-Cooperation Movement.

THE DANDI MARCH – 1930

a) Gandhiji began the march on
the 12th March from
Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi.
b) 78 people followed him. Many
people joined him later.
c) On reaching Dandi, on 6th
April, Gandhiji violated the
Salt Laws by picking up
some salt left by the sea
waves.
d) Gandhiji’s breaking of the
Salt Laws marked the
beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

WHAT WAS THE GANDHI-IRWIN PACT: (1931)

Negotiations between the Government (Viceroy Lord Irwin) and Gandhiji resulted in signing of a pact
known as the Gandhi – Irwin Pact.
The Government (Lord Irwin) agreed to:
i) Withdraw all ordinances and end prosecutions.
ii) Release all political prisoners, except those guilty of violence.
iii) Permit peaceful picketing of liquor and foreign cloth shops.
iv) Permit free collection or manufacture of salt by persons near the seacoast.
The Congress (Gandhiji) agreed:
i) To suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement.
ii) That the Congress would participate in the Second Round Table conference.
iii) Not to investigate into police excesses.
iv)
SECOND ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE: ( 1931)
a) It was attended by Gandhiji as a sole representative of the Congress.
b) The conference was deadlocked on the minorities issue, separate electorates were being
demanded by Muslims, the Depressed classes, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, Sikhs and
Europeans.
 c) The question of Independence or setting up of a responsible Government was pushed into the
background or was not discussed. The British Government refused to grant immediate dominion
status.
d) Gandhiji returned to India disappointed and renewed the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Please read your text and notes thoroughly. Please write the entire content of the table
(The Non Co-operation and Civil Disobedience movement) and the Gandhi Irwin Pact in
your note books.

Sd/Sj.
 THE BISHOP’S CO-ED SCHOOL, KALYANI NAGAR
NOTES - HISTORY & CIVICS
CHAPTER 7 – QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT

Scope of Syllabus:
Causes (failure of the Cripps Mission, Japanese Threat), Quit India Resolution and the
significance of the Movement.

1) What was the reason for Sir Stafford Cripps to come to India?
He came to India to break the deadlock created by the Congress and the Muslim League.
To secure India’s full and active cooperation in the Second World War

2) What were the Causes of the Quit India Movement? OR Give two reasons of the August
1942 Movement.
a) Failure of the Cripps’ Mission:
i) The Cripps’ Mission did not promise independence in the near future.
ii) The plan involved partitioning the country.
iii) The League opposed it because Pakistan was not accepted, they were not granted
the right of self-determination.
iv) Gandhiji described the proposals as a post-dated cheque on a failing bank.
v) The Congress wanted all Subjects including Defence to be handed over to
the National Government. They insisted on immediate formation of a National
Government with full responsibility.
(You may include any of the other points mentioned in the text.)

b) Japanese Threat:
i) The growing risk to India’s security by the threat of Japanese attack on
India. The Japanese army had attacked Burma and was marching towards Assam.
ii) The presence of British in India was an invitation to Japan to invade India.
Gandhiji and other leaders were convinced that this situation called for complete
independence. Hence, they decided to launch the Quit India Movement.

1) When and where was the Quit India Resolution Passed by the All-India Congress
Committee?
8th August 1942, Bombay (Mumbai).

2) Why was the Quit India Resolution passed?

The Quit India Resolution was passed by the Congress Working Committee in 1942, to demand
complete independence from the British immediately to ward off the threat of Japanese attack
on India.

3) What Slogan did Gandhiji give in his speech in Bombay, 1942 ?

“To Do or Die”

4) What was the significance / impact / importance /effects of the Quit India
Movement?
i) It saw disturbances all over India.
ii) It made it clear that the British would no longer find it possible to rule India against their
will. It warned the British that they were not wanted in India.
iii) It demonstrated the depth of the nationalist feeling in India and the capacity of Indians
for struggle and sacrifice.
iv) It was a Mass uprising.
v) It strengthened the Congress Socialist Party. Its leader Jai Prakash Narayan became a
legendary figure.
vi) No new leaders arose to take their place to give a new lead to the country.
(For MCQ purpose read all the points from your text)
Read your text thoroughly.

Sd/Sj.
 THE BISHOP’S CO-ED SCHOOL, KALYANI NAGAR
HISTORY & CIVICS
TERM 1 - Important Dates

1) First War of Independence 1857.

2) End of East India Company’s rule and assumption of the Government of India directly by the

Crown done by Government of India Act 1858.

3) Formation of Indian National Congress 1885

4). First session of the Indian National Congress in 1885, Mumbai – President W.C Bonnerjee.

5) Second session of the Indian National Congress in 1886, Kolkata – President Dadabhai Naoroji

6) Partition of Bengal 16th October 1905.

7) Formation of the Muslim League 30th December 1906.

8) Surat Split 1907

9) Lucknow Pact 1916

8) Mass phase of the National Movement 1915 -1948. Gandhiji began his movements from 1920

9) Rowlatt Act (also known as Black Act) 1919.

10) Khilafat Day was observed on October 17, 1919.

11) Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy April 13, 1919 – Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar.

12) Non-Cooperation Movement 1920.

13) Chauri Chaura incident February, 1922.

14) Lahore Session of the Congress 1929, Declaration of Poorna Swaraj 1929

15) Civil Disobedience Movement 1930

16) Dandi March 1930.

17) Gandhi Irwin Pact 1931.

18) India Act 1935.

19) Quit India Movement 8th August 1942, Bombay.

 THE BISHOP’S CO-ED SCHOOL, KALYANI NAGAR
CLASS 10 CIVICS NOTES 2024-2025
Lesson 1 - THE UNION PARLIAMENT

Scope of Syllabus:
Meaning of Federal Setup in India. Lok Sabha – term, composition, qualifications for
membership, Parliamentary procedures, a brief idea of sessions, quorum, question hour,
adjournment and no-confidence motion.
Speaker – election.
Rajya Sabha – Composition, qualifications for membership, election, term, Presiding
officer.
Powers and functions of the Union Parliament – Co-equal, Legislative, Financial. Judicial,
Electoral, Control over executive.
Exclusive powers of the two Houses.

IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER

PARLIAMENT
1) What is a Parliament?
a) The Parliament is the body of people’s representatives, which has supreme power of governance
in a democratic country.
b) It is the legislative organ of the government that makes laws for the governance of the country
and controls the finances of the Union.
What does it comprise of?
The Union legislature (Parliament) comprises of the President and the two Houses of the
Parliament – the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.

2) Explain the Federal Setup in India?

a) A federal system of government means a government in which the State of a country has control
over its own affairs, but it is controlled by a central government for national decisions.
b) Administrative Powers are divided between the Central and State governments by
the Constitution. (this point may be written if the question is for one mark).
c) The State Governments are not the agents of the Central government nor do they draw their
authority from it.
d) Both the Central and the State governments draw their authority from the Constitution of India.

3) Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.

LOK SABHA RAJYA SABHA
The Term 5 years unless it is dissolved The Rajya Sabha is a permanent
earlier body, it cannot be dissolved.
The term of office is 6 years. One
third of its members retire every
second year.
Method of The members of the Lok Sabha The members of the Rajya Sabha
Election are elected directly by the people are elected by the State Assemblies
on the basis of Universal Adult with the system of proportional
Franchise. representation by means of a single
transferable vote.
Composition It consists of a total of 552 It consists of total 250 members.
members. 530 members are 238 are elected by the elected
elected from States + 20 members of the Legislative
members from the Union Assembly of each State + 12
territories. members nominated by the
President.
Qualification i) Not less than 25 years i) Should not be less than
of age. 30 years of age.
ii) Should not hold any
office of profit.

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 iii) Should not be an ii) Should not hold any
insolvent. office of profit under the
iv) Should not be a government.
proclaimed criminal. iii) Should be a resident of
v) Should be registered the State from which he
in the electoral rolls. is contesting.
Should not be of
unsound mind.
Presiding
officer The Speaker The Vice-President

Parliamentary Procedures:
a) How many times does the Parliament meet? What is the interval between the sessions?
Twice a year. Less than six months.

b) How many sessions are held in the Parliament?

Three. Budget, Monsoon and Winter.

c) What is a Quorum?
The minimum number of members required to be present to hold a meeting. 1/10 of the total
members of the Lok Sabha must be present.

d) What is a Question Hour?

The first hour of the working day is reserved to ask questions from the government on matters
of public interest.

e) What are the three types of Questions addressed to the Chair?

Starred Questions, Unstarred Questions, Short Notice Questions. (read the text)

f) What is a Zero Hour?

It is the period which begins at 12 o’clock soon after the Question Hour and continues until lunch
break. Members raise all types of questions, without any permission or prior notice.

g) What is a Motion?
It is a formal proposal made by a member stating that the House should take up a particular
matter which is of public importance.

h) What is an Adjournment Motion?

It is a proposal to lay aside all other business or an ongoing meeting and take up a matter of
urgent importance. The Power of Adjournment rests with the Speaker.

i) What is a No-Confidence Motion?

It is a proposal expressing lack of confidence in the Ministry. It is moved by the Opposition. If
the Motion is passed the Government has to resign.

4) The Speaker:
How is the Speaker elected?
i) The Speaker is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha.
ii) The Speaker is elected from among its own members of the Lok Sabha.

Powers of the Speaker (if you get a general question as to What are the powers or
functions of the Speaker you may write the following points)
i) He regulates the proceedings of the Assembly.
ii) He certifies a bill as a Money Bill.
iii) He maintains discipline in the House.
iv) He puts issues to vote and announces the results.
v) He does not vote in the house, except where there is a tie.

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 vi) He presides over the joint sessions of both Houses of the Parliament. ( This point comes
for 1 mark by itself).
vii) He nominates personnel for Parliamentary delegations to various countries.
viii) He presides over the conference of Presiding Officers of legislative bodies in India.

What are the Powers of the Speaker with reference to: (3 or 4 marks)
a) Proceedings of the house.
i) He presides over the meetings of the House.
ii) He interprets the rules of the procedures of the House.
iii) He decides if a Bill is a Money Bill or not.
iv) All Bills passed by the House are signed by him before they are sent to the Rajya Sabha
or to the President for his assent.
v) He puts issues to vote and announces the results.
vi) He casts a vote in case there is a tie in the House.

b) Administrative functions.
i) The Speaker receives all petitions and documents in the House.
ii) He communicates the decisions taken to the concerned authorities.
iii) He regulates admission of visitors and the Press correspondents to the galleries of the
House.

c) Disciplinary functions.
i) He maintains order in the House.
ii) In case the words used by any member are indecent or unparliamentary, the Speaker
may expunge these words from the proceedings of the House.
iii) The Speaker decides whether if there is a case for a matter relating to contempt of house
or a breach of privilege.
iv) The decision of the Speaker is final in cases of members of the Lok Sabha who stand
disqualified under the Anti defection Law.

d) Parliamentary or Supervisory functions:

i) The Speaker is the ex-officio Chariman of some of the Committees of the House.
ii) He appoints Chairmen of all the Committees of the House.
iii) He issues directions to the Chairmen in all matters relating to their working and
procedures to be followed.

In context to the Powers and Functions of the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha (the Union
Parliament) explain the following: ( 3 or 4 marks)

a) Legislative Powers:
The Parliament can legislate or make laws on : (any 4 points)
i) Matters in the Union List: It can make laws on all 97 subjects mentioned in the Union
List, eg. Defence, Communication, etc.
ii) Matters in the Concurrent List: It can make laws on the 47 subjects mentioned in the
Concurrent List, if there is a conflict between the State and the Union Parliament on any
law in this list, the will of the Union Law prevails.
iii) Residuary Powers: It can make laws to all those matters which are not included in any
of the three lists i.e. The Union, Concurrent or State Lists.
iv) Matters in the State List: The Parliament can legislate on subjects included in the
State list in following cases-
• During the Proclamation of an Emergency.
• When the Rajya Sabha passes a resolution by a 2/3 rd majority that a subject in the
State List has assumed national importance
• When two or more States are of the opinion that the Parliament should legislate on a
subject given in the State List.

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 v) Ordinances: All Ordinances must be put before both the Houses for their approval within
six weeks of re-assembly of the Parliament, or they cease to operate six weeks.

b) Financial powers: Any 4 points (Please note all these points also comes by itself for
1 mark)
i) The Budget: The Parliament passes the Union Budget which contains the income and
expenditure of the Government for a financial year. The Budget is presented in two parts
the Railway Budget and General Budget.
ii) Supplementary Grants: When the authorised amount for the current financial year is
not sufficient, the Government may make a demand known as the Supplementary
Grant.
iii) Vote on Account: It is a device which authorises the Executive to draw funds from the
Consolidated funds, until the Budget is passed. This is used if the Union Budget is not
passed before the new financial year begins.
iv) Salaries: The Parliament determines the Salaries and allowances of the MPs and
Ministers.
v) Permission for Taxes: No Tax can be imposed or money spent by the government
without the approval of the Parliament.

c) Judicial Powers:
i) Impeachment of the President: The Parliament has the power to remove the
President from office through a procedure known as Impeachment.
ii) Removal of Judges, etc: The Parliament can remove the Judges of the Supreme Court
and the High Court, the Chief Election Commissioner, etc.
iii) Punishment: The Parliament can punish a person for obstructing the work of the
Parliament or showing disrespect to the House.

d) Electoral Functions:
i) The Parliament along with the State Legislature elects the President of India.
ii) The Vice-President of India is elected by both the Houses of the Parliament.
iii) The Lok Sabha elects its own Speaker and Deputy Speaker from amongst its own
members, while the Rajya Sabha elects its Deputy Chairman.

e) Amendment of the Constitution: Both Houses of the Parliament can amend the Constitution
by a majority of total membership and 2/3rd majority of members present and voting.

f) Control over the Executive:

i) Interpellation / Question hour: It is the first hour of a sitting in both Houses. The
Government seeks information or asks questions about its policies and performance.
ii) Vote of No-Confidence: A No-confidence is passed against a Ministry or the Prime
Minster, if the Government acts against the Constitutional provisions. In such a case the
whole ministry has to resign.
iii) Adjournment motion: aims at censuring of the work done or not done by the Ministers.
iv) Other motions of Censure: If passed this Motion amounts to a No-Confidence motion.
v) Monetary Control or Cut Motion: A cut motion may be moved during the
Budget session. The Parliamentary Committee ensures that public money is spent
in accordance with the Parliament’s decision.
g) Other Powers:
• The Parliament may alter the name or boundary of the State.
• It makes laws regarding the composition, judiciary, etc.
• The Parliament may establish a common High Court for two or more States.

Explain the Powers that are exclusive to the Rajya Sabha. (3 or 4 marks)
i) The Rajya Sabha by a Resolution adopted by a 2/3rd majority, can make laws on subjects
with respect to a matter in the State List.

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 ii) Rajya Sabha may declare the creation of new All-India Services be made in the National
interest.
iii) If the Lok Sabha is dissolved before or after the declaration of a National Emergency, the
Rajya Sabha takes over the functions of the Parliament. It cannot be dissolved as 1/3rd
of its members retire every two years.

Explain the Powers that are exclusive to the Lok Sabha. OR Why is the Lok Sabha more
important than the Rajya Sabha? (3 or 4 marks)
a) Motions of No-confidence against the government can only be introduced and passed in the
Lok Sabha.
b) Money Bills can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha.
c) In case of a deadlock between the two Houses over a non-financial or ordinary Bill, the will
of the Lok Sabha normally prevails because its strength is more than that of the Rajya Sabha.
d) The Lok Sabha represents the people as its members are directly elected by the people, it
acts as the voice of the Nation.

What are the co-equal powers enjoyed by both the Houses of the Parliament. (3 or 4
marks)
a) Ammendment to the Constitution.
b) Control over the Executive: Members of both Houses put questions during the
question hour to ministers about the work of their departments.
c) Election of the President and Vice-President: Parliament stands on an equal footing in
the election of the President or the Vice-President.
d) Impeachment: Both Houses have equal power in the impeachment of the President, Chief
Justice of India, Judges of the Supreme Court or High Court, etc.

Other Questions that can be asked connected to this lesson: (1 mark)

a) What is Single Citizenship?
A Citizen of India has the same rights no matter what part of India he or she resides in. We do
not need separate citizenships for State or Centre.

b) What is Universal Adult Franchise?

Every Indian citizen of 18 and above, and otherwise not debarred by law has the right to vote.

c) What is an Ordinance?
It is a temporary law set up by the President when the Parliament is not in session.

d) What is a Bill?
It is a draft of a legislative or legal proposal which when passed by both the Houses and assented
to by the President becomes and Act.

Please read your text thoroughly.

Mrs. Sandra Dsouza Jose

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