answer Quiz- Congestoin control- truong quang tuong

QUIZ – CONGESTION CONTROL AND NETWORK LAYER
Date: Dec. 23rd, 2024. Time: 20 minutes

Trương Quang Tường
Student name: _______________________________ ITITIU20130
ID: _________________________
Q1. Which of the following statements correctly identify the differences between routing and
forwarding. Select two statements.
a) Routing refers to moving packets from a router’s input to appropriate router output, and is
implemented in the control plane.
b) Forwarding refers to moving packets from a router’s input to appropriate router output, and is
c) Routing refers to determining the route taken by packets from source to destination, and is
implemented in the data plane.
d) Routing refers to moving packets from a router’s input to appropriate router output, and is
e) Forwarding refers to determining the route taken by packets from source to destination, and is
f) Forwarding refers to determining the route taken by packets from source to destination, and is
g) Forwarding refers to moving packets from a router’s input to appropriate router output, and is
h) Routing refers to determining the route taken by packets from source to destination, and is
implemented in the control plane
Q2. Match the description of the approach for a control plane towards name of the approach.
a) An individual routing algorithm components in each and every router interact in the control
plane 2) Per- router control plane
b) A (typically) remote controller computes and installs forwarding tables in routers.
Answer list: 1) Software-defined networking (SDN)
1) Software-defined networking (SDN) 2) Per-router control plane.

Q3. What is the definition of a “good” path for a routing protocol? Chose the best single answer.
a) A high bandwidth path.
b) A path that has little or no congestion.
c) A path that has a minimum number of hops.
d) A low delay path.
e) Routing algorithms typically work with abstract link weights that could represent any of, or
combinations of, all of the other answers.
Q4. Match the name of a general approach to routing with characteristics of that approach.
a) Centralized, global routing 2) All routers have complete topology, and link cost information.
b) Decentralized routing 4) An iterative process of computation, exchange of information with neighbors.
c) Static routing 3) Routers change slowly over time.
d) Dynamic routing 1) Routing changes quickly over time.
Answer list:
1) Routing changes quickly over time.
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2) All routers have complete topology, and link cost information.
3) Routes change slowly over time.
4) An iterative process of computation, exchange of information with neighbors. Routers may
initially only know link costs to directly-attached neighbors.
Q5. Match the terms "interdomain routing" and intradomain routing" with their definitions. Recall
that in Internet parlance, an “AS” refers to “Autonomous System” – a network under the control of a
single organization.
a) Interdomain routing. - Routing among different ASes 1) Routing among different ASes
b) Intradomain routing. - Routing among routers within same AS 2) Routing among routers within same AS
Answer list:
1) Routing among different ASes (“networks”).
2) Routing among routers within same AS (“network”)
Q6. Check the one or more of the following statements about the OSPF protocol that are true.
a) OSPF is an interdomain routing protocol.
b) OSPF implements hierarchical routing
c) The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Internet routing protocol implements a Bellman-Ford
distance-vector routing algorithm.
d) OSPF uses a Dijkstra-like algorithm to implement least cost path routing
e) OSPF is an intra-domain routing protocol.
Q7. Consider the OSPF routing protocol. Which of the following characteristics are associated with
OSPF (as opposed to BGP)?
a) Floods link state control information.
b) Finds a least cost path from source to destination.
c) Is an intra-domain routing protocol.
d) Policy, rather than performance (e.g., least cost path), determines paths that used.
e) Is an inter-domain routing protocol.
Q8. Among the following protocols, terminology or considerations, indicate those that are associated
with “routing within a single network (typically owned and operated by one organization).”
a) inter-AS routing
b) Driven more by performance than by routing policy
c) intra-AS routing
d) BGP
e) Driven more by routing policy than end-end routing performance
f) OSPF
Q9. Consider routers 2c and 2d in Autonomous System AS2 in the figure below. Indicate the flavor
of BGP and the router from which each of 2c and 2d learns about the path to destination x.
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a) How does router 2c learn of the path AS3, X to destination network X?
b) How does router 2d learn of the path AS3, X to destination network X?
Answer list:
1) From 3a via eBGP. a)
2) From 2c via iBGP. b)
Q10. Which of the following actions are associated with end-end congestion control (say versus
network-assisted congestion control). (Choose four.)
a) A sender decreases its sending rate in response to packet loss detected via its transport-layer
ACKing.
b) The transport-layer receiver informs sender of the size of its (transport-payer receiver)
receive window.
c) A router drops a packet at a congested router, which causes the transport-layer sender to infer
that there is congestion due to the missing ACK for the lost packet.
d) A router sends a message to a host telling it to slow down its sending rate.
e) A router marks a field in the datagram header at a congested router.
f) A datagram experiences delay at a congested network router, which is then measured by the
sender and used to decrease the sending rate.
g) The transport-layer sender decreases its sending rate in response to a measured increase in the
RTT.
Q11. Which of the following statements about TCP’s Additive-increase-multiplicative-decrease

(AIMD) algorithm are true? (choose three)
a) AIMD cuts the congestion window size,cwnd, i to 1 whenever a timeout occurs.
b) AIMD is an end-end approach to congestion control.
c) AIMD is a network-assisted approach to congestion control.
d) AIMD cuts the congestion window size, cwnd, in half whenever loss is detected by a triple
duplicate ACK.
e) AIMD uses observed packet loss to detect congestion.
f) AIMD uses the measured RTT delay to detect congestion.
Q12. How is the sending rate typically regulated in a TCP implementation?
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a) By using the retransmission timeout timer and counting the number of bytes sent since the
last timeout to compute the sending rate since that last timeout, and then making sure its
sending rate never exceed the rate set by AIMD.
b) By keeping a window of size cwnd over the sequence number space, and making sure that no
more than cwnd bytes of data are outstanding (i.e, unACKnowledged). The size of cwnd is
regulated by AIMD.
Q13. Which of the following best completes this sentence: "In the absence of loss, TCP slow start
increases the sending rate "
a) “____ slower than AIMD, that’s why it’s called Slowstart.”
b) “____ at the same rate as AIMD.”
c) “____ faster than AIMD. In fact, slowstart increases the sending rate exponentially fast per
RTT.”
Q14. Consider the SDN layering shown below. Match each layer name below with a layer label (a),
(b) or (c) as shown in the diagram.
1) SDN Controller (network operating system) b)

2) SDN-controlled switches c)
3) Network-control applications a)
-END-
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QUIZ – CONGESTION CONTROL AND NETWORK LAYER

Date: Dec. 23rd, 2024. Time: 20 minutes

1) Software-defined networking (SDN) 2) Per-router control plane.

Q11. Which of the following statements about TCP’s Additive-increase-multiplicative-decrease

Q12. How is the sending rate typically regulated in a TCP implementation?

1) SDN Controller (network operating system) b)

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