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    4ST_gram1.1_verbs

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    4ST_gram1.1_verbs

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    4ST_gram1.1_verbs

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    safafatimasyed1

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    Me llamo _________________________

    Español 4 Temas Especiales __ __


    Fecha: ___________________________
    Gramática 1.1: Los verbos: La conjugación, los infinitivos, los gerundios, y los participios

    VERB = a word that shows action (“run”, “think”, “stay”) or state of being (“be”).

    I. LA CONJUGACIÓN DE LOS VERBOS.


    A. CONJUGATION = a big fancy word that means that you have to change the verb so that it makes sense with the
    subject pronoun.
    For example, we don't say
    [1] * “He to talk on the phone” nor * “Él hablar por teléfono.”
    [2] * “He talk on the phone”; * “Él hablo por teléfono.”
    but rather, we correctly say
    [3] “He talks on the phone”. “Él habla por teléfono.”
    Sentence [3] has been correctly conjugated, i.e., it makes sense with the subject pronoun “he”.
    Always conjugate the verbs correctly according to the subject.

    B. THE STEPS OF CONJUGATION OF SPANISH VERBS (used with most tenses).


    1) Take off the “-ar”, “-er”, or “-ir” from the infinitive.
    2) Add the correct ending according to the subject.

    hablar comer vivir


    yo hablo nosotros/as hablamos como comemos vivo vivimos
    tú hablas vosotros/as habláis comes coméis vives vivís
    usted habla ustedes hablan come comen vive viven
    él/ella/ habla ellos/ellas hablan
    elle elles

    ¿Hablas tú español? Sí, yo hablo español.

    ¿Habla Juan español? No, él no habla español.

    ¿Habláis vosotros español en casa? No, no hablamos español en casa.

    ¿Hablan español tus amigos? Sí, ellos hablan español.

    By the way, I assume that you know how to use common sense to answer questions in these persons.

    II. LOS INFINITIVOS.


    INFINITIVE = a form of the verb that is not conjugated. (In English, they always start with the word “to ___”;
    in Spanish, they always end with the letters “-ar”, “-er”, or “-ir”.)

    hablar comprender dormir

    A ella, le gusta hablar por teléfono. = She likes to talk on the phone.
    III. LOS GERUNDIOS.
    GERUND = a form of the verb that ends with “-ing” in English, but that acts as a noun.

    A ella, le gusta hablar por teléfono. = She likes to talk / talking on the phone.

    IV. LOS PARTICIPIOS.


    PARTICIPLE = a form of the verb used in combination with another main verb. There are two participles, the past
    participle (used in the perfect tenses with the verb “to have”, like “spoken”; see Gram.2.5) and the present
    progressive participle (used in the progressive tenses with the verb “to be”, like “speaking”; see Gram.2.9). In
    English, the present participle can be used as an adjective. In most cases where the English present participle
    functions as an adjective, this idea is expressed in Spanish with an adjectival clause introduced by que. Compare
    these sentences:

    La mujer que canta es una contralto. = The woman singing is a contralto.


    Tuvieron una carta que describía el puesto. = They got a letter describing the job.

    V. CONTRASTO ENTRE EL INFINITIVO, EL GERUNDIO, Y EL PARTICIPIO. In English, the present


    participle can function as a noun: it can be the subject or direct object of a sentence, or the object of a preposition.
    In Spanish, the present participle can never function as a noun. The only Spanish verb form that can do so is the
    infinitive. Compare these sentences:

    Subject: (El) Leer es mi pasatiempo favorito. = Reading is my favorite pastime.


    Direct Object: Prefieren nadar en una piscina. = They prefer swimming in a pool.
    Obj. of Prep.: Después de comer la fruta, se sintió mal. = After eating the fruit, he felt sick.

    Some Spanish verbs have a special adjectival form that is created by adding “-ante,” “-ente,” or “-iente” to the stem:
    interesante, creciente (see Gram.7.9).

    Ese niño sonriente es mi hijo. = That smiling child is my son.


    Tienen muchas plantas colgantes. = They have a lot of hanging plants.

    Since not all verbs have this special form, it is best to consult a dictionary.

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