Institute of Technology of Cambodia

Department of Electrical and Energy Engineering

Subject: Power System Analysis

Lab05: : Power System Lab5

Name of Students ID of Students

1.CHUN SAMNANG e20211295

Group : I4-GEE (A1)

Lecturer: Dr.VAI VANNAK (COURSE)
Mrs. NEOV YOKLIN (TP)

1
 Academic Year 2024-2025
Power system lab 5: Power flow Part1
A.
Breach = [ fbus tbus r x ]
1 2 0.01008 0.0504 ;
1 3 0.00744 0.0372 ;
2 4 0.00744 0.0372 ;
3 4 0.01272 0.0636 ;
1.Find bus admittance matrix by hand calculation.
Z12 = 0.01008 + j0.0504
Z13 = 0.00744 + j0.0372
Z24 = 0.00744 + j0.0372
Z34 = 0.01272 + j0.0636
Then,
1 1
𝑌12 = 𝑌21 = −𝑦12 = = = −3.8156 + 𝑗19.0781
𝑍 0.01008 + j0.0504
1 1
𝑌13 = 𝑌31 = −𝑦13 = = = −5.1696 + 𝑗25.8478
𝑍 0.00744 + j0.0372
1 1
𝑌24 = 𝑌24 = −𝑦24 = = = −5.1696 + 𝑗25.8478
𝑍 0.00744 + j0.0372
1 1
𝑌34 = 𝑌43 = −𝑦34 = = = −3.0237 + 𝑗15.1185
𝑍 0.01272 + j0.0636
𝐴𝑛𝑑 𝑌14 = 𝑌41 = −𝑦14 = 0
𝑌23 = 𝑌32 = −𝑦23 = 0
So, we get 𝑌11 = 𝑦12 + 𝑦13 + 𝑦14 = 8.9852 – 𝑗44.9260
𝑌22 = 𝑦21 + 𝑦23 + 𝑦24 = 8.9852 − 𝑗44.9260
𝑌33 = 𝑦31 + 𝑦32 + 𝑦34 = 8.9133 − 𝑗40.9663
𝑌44 = 𝑦41 + 𝑦42 + 𝑦43 = 8.1933 − 𝑗40.9663
Thus
𝑌𝑏𝑢𝑠 =
8.9852 -44.9260i -3.8156 +19.0781i -5.1696 +25.8478i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
-3.8156 +19.0781i 8.9852 -44.9260i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -5.1696 +25.8478i
2
-5.1696 +25.8478i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 8.1933 -40.9663i -3.0237 +15.1185i
0.0000 + 0.0000i -5.1696 +25.8478i -3.0237 +15.1185i 8.1933 -40.9663i
2.Build your algorithm in matlab program to find bus admittance matrix
➢ Code

clc;
close all;
clear;

% Define branch data: [From Bus, To Bus, Resistance, Reactance]

Branch = [
1 2 0.01008 0.0504;
1 3 0.00744 0.0372;
2 4 0.00744 0.0372;
3 4 0.01272 0.0636
];

% Number of buses
numBuses = 4;

% Initialize the Ybus matrix

Ybus = zeros(numBuses);

% Loop through each branch to calculate Ybus

for k = 1:size(Branch, 1)
fbus = Branch(k, 1); % From bus
tbus = Branch(k, 2); % To bus
Z = Branch(k, 3) + 1j * Branch(k, 4); % Impedance
Y = 1 / Z; % Admittance

% Update the diagonal elements for both buses

Ybus(fbus, fbus) = Ybus(fbus, fbus) + Y;
Ybus(tbus, tbus) = Ybus(tbus, tbus) + Y;

% Update the off-diagonal elements

Ybus(fbus, tbus) = Ybus(fbus, tbus) - Y;
Ybus(tbus, fbus) = Ybus(tbus, fbus) - Y;
end

% Display the Bus Admittance Matrix

disp('Bus Admittance Matrix (Ybus):');
disp(Ybus);

➢ Result

Z=
0.0101 + 0.0504i
0.0074 + 0.0372i
3
 0.0074 + 0.0372i
0.0127 + 0.0636i

Bus Admittance Matrix (Ym):

Columns 1 through 3

8.9852 -44.9260i -3.8156 +19.0781i -5.1696 +25.8478i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

-3.8156 +19.0781i 8.9852 -44.9260i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -5.1696 +25.8478i
-5.1696 +25.8478i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 8.1933 -40.9663i -3.0237 +15.1185i
0.0000 + 0.0000i -5.1696 +25.8478i -3.0237 +15.1185i 8.1933 -40.9663i

Column 4

0.0000 + 0.0000i
-5.1696 +25.8478i
-3.0237 +15.1185i
8.1933 -40.9663i

3. From question (2) Find Zbus matrix

➢ Code

clc;
close all;
clear;

% Define impedances between buses

Z12 = 0.01008 + 1i * 0.0504; % Impedance between Bus 1 and Bus 2
Z13 = 0.00744 + 1i * 0.0372; % Impedance between Bus 1 and Bus 3
Z24 = 0.00744 + 1i * 0.0372; % Impedance between Bus 2 and Bus 4
Z34 = 0.01272 + 1i * 0.0636; % Impedance between Bus 3 and Bus 4

% Calculate admittances (siemens)

Y12 = 1 / Z12;
Y13 = 1 / Z13;
Y24 = 1 / Z24;
Y34 = 1 / Z34;

% Number of buses
numBuses = 4;

% Initialize the Ybus matrix

Ybus = zeros(numBuses);

% Fill the Ybus matrix

4
 % Diagonal elements: sum of admittances connected to each bus
Ybus(1, 1) = Y12 + Y13; % Bus 1 connected to Bus 2 and Bus 3
Ybus(2, 2) = Y12 + Y24; % Bus 2 connected to Bus 1 and Bus 4
Ybus(3, 3) = Y13 + Y34; % Bus 3 connected to Bus 1 and Bus 4
Ybus(4, 4) = Y24 + Y34; % Bus 4 connected to Bus 2 and Bus 3

% Off-diagonal elements: negative of admittance between buses

Ybus(1, 2) = -Y12; % Between Bus 1 and Bus 2
Ybus(2, 1) = -Y12; % Symmetric term
Ybus(1, 3) = -Y13; % Between Bus 1 and Bus 3
Ybus(3, 1) = -Y13; % Symmetric term
Ybus(2, 4) = -Y24; % Between Bus 2 and Bus 4
Ybus(4, 2) = -Y24; % Symmetric term
Ybus(3, 4)

➢ Result
Bus Impedance Matrix (Zbus):
1.0e+14 *

Columns 1 through 2

-0.4627 + 1.2339i -0.4627 + 1.2339i

-0.4627 + 1.2339i -0.4627 + 1.2339i
-0.4627 + 1.2339i -0.4627 + 1.2339i
-0.4627 + 1.2339i -0.4627 + 1.2339i

Columns 3 through 4

-0.4627 + 1.2339i -0.4627 + 1.2339i

-0.4627 + 1.2339i -0.4627 + 1.2339i
-0.4627 + 1.2339i -0.4627 + 1.2339i
-0.4627 + 1.2339i -0.4627 + 1.2339i

5
4.From the diagram shown below find voltage of bus 1, 2 and 3

Figure 1: diagram
➢ Code
clc;
close all;
clear;

% Define impedances
Z11 = 0.001 + 1j * 0.01;
Z12 = 0.02 + 1j * 0.035;
Z23 = 0.0125 + 1j * 0.025;
Z13 = 0.02 + 1j * 0.025;

% Calculate admittances
Y11 = 1 / Z11 + 1 / Z12 + 1 / Z13;
Y12 = -1 / Z12;
Y21 = Y12; % Symmetric term
Y22 = 1 / Z12 + 1 / Z23;
Y23 = -1 / Z23;
Y32 = Y23; % Symmetric term
Y33 = 1 / Z23 + 1 / Z13;
Y13 = -1 / Z13;
Y31 = Y13; % Symmetric term

% Form Ybus matrix

Ybus = [
Y11 Y12 Y13;
Y21 Y22 Y23;
Y31 Y32 Y33
];

% Form current injection vector

E = 1.05; % Voltage at reference bus
I = [E / Z11; 0; 0]; % Current injection vector

% Calculate bus voltages

V = inv(Ybus) * I;

6
 % Display results
disp('Voltage at bus 1:');
disp(V(1));
disp('Voltage at bus 2:');
disp(V(2));
disp('Voltage at bus 3:');
disp(V(3));

➢ Result

Voltage at bus 1:
1.0500 + 0.0000i

Voltage at bus 2:
1.0500 - 0.0000i

Voltage at bus 3:
1.0500 - 0.0000i

B.
Branch = [ fbus tbus r x ]
1 2 0.01938 0.05917 ;
1 5 0.05403 0.22304 ;
2 3 0.04699 0.19797 ;
2 4 0.05811 0.17632 ;
2 5 0.05695 0.17388 ;
3 4 0.06701 0.17103 ;
4 5 0.01335 0.04211 ;
4 7 0 0.20912 ;
4 9 0 0.55618 ;
5 6 0 0.25202 ;
6 11 0.09498 0.1989 ;
6 12 0.12291 0.25581 ;
6 13 0.06615 0.13027 ;
7 8 0 0.17615 ;
7 9 0 0.11001 ;
9 10 0.03181 0.0845 ;
9 14 0.12711 0.27038 ;
10 11 0.08205 0.19207 ;
12 13 0.22092 0.19988 ;
13 14 0.17093 0.34802 ;

-Find bus admittance matrix Ybus of this system by using your program above.
➢ Code
7
clc;
clear;
close all;

% Branch data: [fbus, tbus, r, x]

Branch = [
1 2 0.01938 0.05917;
1 5 0.05403 0.22304;
2 3 0.04699 0.19797;
2 4 0.05811 0.17632;
2 5 0.05695 0.17388;
3 4 0.06701 0.17103;
4 5 0.01335 0.04211;
4 9 0.0 0.20912;
4 9 0.0 0.55618;
5 6 0.09498 0.1989;
6 11 0.12291 0.25581;
6 13 0.06615 0.13027;
9 10 0.0 0.17161;
9 10 0.03181 0.0845;
9 14 0.12711 0.27038;
10 11 0.08205 0.19207;
12 13 0.22092 0.19988;
13 14 0.17093 0.34802
];

% Number of buses
numBuses = 14;

% Initialize Ybus matrix with zeros

Ybus = zeros(numBuses);

% Calculate Ybus elements

for k = 1:size(Branch, 1)
fbus = Branch(k, 1); % From bus
tbus = Branch(k, 2); % To bus
r = Branch(k, 3); % Resistance
x = Branch(k, 4); % Reactance

% Check for zero impedance

if r == 0 && x == 0
warning('Zero impedance branch between bus %d and bus %d ignored.', fbus,
tbus);
continue; % Skip this branch
end

Z = r + 1j * x; % Impedance
Y = 1 / Z; % Admittance

8
 % Add admittance to diagonal of both buses
Ybus(fbus, fbus) = Ybus(fbus, fbus) + Y;
Ybus(tbus, tbus) = Ybus(tbus, tbus) + Y;

% Add negative admittance to off-diagonal elements

Ybus(fbus, tbus) = Ybus(fbus, tbus) - Y;
Ybus(tbus, fbus) = Ybus(tbus, fbus) - Y;
end

% Display the Ybus matrix

disp('Bus Admittance Matrix (Ybus):');
disp(Ybus);

➢ Result
Bus Admittance Matrix (Ybus):
Columns 1 through 6

6.0250 -19.4981i -4.9991 +15.2631i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -1.0259 + 4.2350i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
-4.9991 +15.2631i 9.5213 -30.3547i -1.1350 + 4.7819i -1.6860 + 5.1158i -1.7011 + 5.1939i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i -1.1350 + 4.7819i 3.1210 - 9.8507i -1.9860 + 5.0688i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i -1.6860 + 5.1158i -1.9860 + 5.0688i 10.5130 -38.3431i -6.8410 +21.5786i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
-1.0259 + 4.2350i -1.7011 + 5.1939i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -6.8410 +21.5786i 11.5230 -35.1015i -1.9550 + 4.0941i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -1.9550 + 4.0941i 6.5799 -13.3728i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 6.5799i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -1.5260 + 3.1760i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -3.0989 + 6.1028i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

Columns 7 through 12

0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 6.5799i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -1.5260 + 3.1760i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 5.3261 -25.8015i -3.9020 +16.1926i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -3.9020 +16.1926i 5.7829 -20.5955i -1.8809 + 4.4029i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -1.8809 + 4.4029i 3.4069 - 7.5789i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 2.4890 - 2.2520i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -2.4890 + 2.2520i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -1.4240 + 3.0291i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

Columns 13 through 14

0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
-3.0989 + 6.1028i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i -1.4240 + 3.0291i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
-2.4890 + 2.2520i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
6.7249 -10.6697i -1.1370 + 2.3150i
-1.1370 + 2.3150i 2.5610 - 5.3440i

9
C. The single line diagram of a power system is shown in Figure. The specifications are given below.

Figure 2: Single line diagram in PowerWorld

1 .Draw an impedance diagram with per-unit values and write a Linedata for the input of code in Matlab.

By we choose 𝑆𝑏𝑎𝑠 = 100𝑀𝑉𝐴

• Generator 𝑋𝑃 = 1𝑝𝑢

➢ Transformer 𝑻𝟏
𝑆𝑏𝑛 𝑉𝑏𝑜 2
𝑋𝑇1𝑝𝑢(𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 𝑋𝑝𝑢(𝑜𝑙𝑑) × ×( )
𝑆𝑏𝑜 𝑉𝑏𝑛

𝑋𝑝𝑢(𝑜𝑙𝑑) = 0.01𝑝𝑢 ; 𝑆𝑏𝑛 = 100𝑀𝑉𝐴 ; 𝑉𝑏𝑜 = 10𝐾𝑉 ; 𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 10𝐾𝑉

100 10 2
𝑋𝑇1𝑝𝑢(𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 0.01 × × ( ) = 0.0066 𝑝𝑢
150 10
𝑍𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙(𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒)
• Line 𝑍𝑝𝑢(𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒) =
𝑍𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒

𝑍𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = (0.078 + 𝑗0.075) × 100 = 7.8 + 𝑗7.5

7.8 + 𝑗7.5
⇔ 𝑍𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = = 0.0590 + 𝑗0.0567
132.25

➢ Transformer 𝑻𝟐
𝑆𝑏𝑛 𝑉𝑏𝑜 2
𝑋𝑇2𝑝𝑢(𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 𝑋𝑝𝑢(𝑜𝑙𝑑) × ×( )
𝑆𝑏𝑜 𝑉𝑏𝑛

𝑋𝑝𝑢(𝑜𝑙𝑑) = 0.05𝑝𝑢 ; 𝑆𝑏𝑛 = 𝑆𝑏𝑜 = 100𝑀𝑉𝐴 ; 𝑉𝑏𝑜 = 120𝐾𝑉 ; 𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 115𝐾𝑉

10
 100 120 2
𝑋𝑇2𝑝𝑢(𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 0.05 × ×( ) = 0.0544 𝑝𝑢
100 150
𝑍𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
• Line 𝑍𝑝𝑢(𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑1) =
𝑍𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝑉𝑏2
𝑍𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑1 = ∗
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑

22
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑉𝑏 = 115 × = 21.083 𝐾𝑉
120
∗
𝑏𝑦 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = (60 + 𝑗30) × 106 𝑉𝐴

21.083 × 103
𝑍𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑1 = = 5.9266 − 𝑗2.9633
(60 + 𝑗30) × 106

𝑉𝑏2
𝑍𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = ∗
𝑆𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑤

∗
𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑉𝑏 = 21.083𝐾𝑉 , 𝑆𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 100𝑀𝑉𝐴

(0.3833)2
⇔ 𝑍𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = = 0.0015
100

0.0118 − 𝑗0.0059
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑍𝑝𝑢(𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑2) = = 7.8667 − 𝑗 3.9333
0.0015
➢ Transformer 𝑻𝟑

𝑆𝑏𝑛 𝑉𝑏𝑜 2
𝑋𝑇3𝑝𝑢(𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 𝑋𝑝𝑢(𝑜𝑙𝑑) × ×( )
𝑆𝑏𝑜 𝑉𝑏𝑛

𝑋𝑝𝑢(𝑜𝑙𝑑) = 0.08𝑝𝑢 ; 𝑆𝑏𝑛 = 100𝑀𝑉𝐴 ; 𝑆𝑏𝑜 = 50𝑀𝑉𝐴 ; 𝑉𝑏𝑜 = 22𝐾𝑉 ; 𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 21.083𝐾𝑉

100 22 2
𝑋𝑇2𝑝𝑢(𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 0.08 × ×( ) = 0.1742 𝑝𝑢
50 21.083

11
 Figure3 : Impedance diagram
2. Calculate Ybus by using Matlab code and Power World software, and then compare there results.
➢ Code

zdata =[
1 20 0.0066;
2 30.0590 0.0567;
3 40 0.0544;
4 50 0.1742;
];
ybus(zdata)

➢ Result
Z =

0.0000 + 0.0066i

0.0590 + 0.0567i

0.0000 + 0.0544i

0.0000 + 0.1742i

ans =

1.0e+02 *

Columns 1 through 3

0.0000 - 1.5152i 0.0000 + 1.5152i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

0.0000 + 1.5152i 0.0881 - 1.5998i -0.0881 + 0.0847i

0.0000 + 0.0000i -0.0881 + 0.0847i 0.0881 - 0.2685i

0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.1838i

12
 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

Columns 4 through 5

0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

0.0000 + 0.1838i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

0.0000 - 0.2412i 0.0000 + 0.0574i

0.0000 + 0.0574i 0.0000 - 0.0574i

➢ Result in PowerWorld

Figure 4: Ybus in PowerWorld

3. Find the voltage of all buses in p.u. and kV and the power loss in the power world software .

Figure 5: the
voltage of all buses in p.u. and kV .

13