VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HO CHI MINH CITY

INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Week 1

CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS

Semester: S1_2022-2023

Instructor: Ngo Thi Thuan, PhD

9/8/2022 1
 Learning outcomes of the course

STUDENTS ARE ABLE TO…

G1 Demonstrate basic knowledge in chemistry for careers in science and engineering

G2 Develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills for applying chemistry in an
engineering context
G3 Explain many aspects of everyday life using chemistry concepts

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WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?
Science that deals with properties, composition, and structure,
transformations of MATTERS and its energy is released or
absorbed during these transformations in three different
domains: macroscopics, microscopic and symbol.
Example: Matter ~ water ➢ Transformation of water

➢ Properties One oxygen

molecule written O2
Two water
molecules
written
2H2O Two hydrogen
molecules written 2H2
➢ Composition and structure

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 SCALE IN CHEMISTRY
© 2011, 2006 Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.

Macroscopic scale Microscopic scale

http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/
6 9/8/2022 4
Course content
Week Content
1 Course introduction & matter, measurements and units in chemistry
2 Atoms, molecules and ions 1
3 Atoms, molecules and ions 1
4 Periodic Properties of the Elements Composition, and structure,
5 Chemical Bonding 1
6 Chemical Bonding 2
7 Intermolecular forces
8 Gas, solids and their properties
9 Liquids and their properties Properties
10 Solids and their properties
11 Chemical kinetics
12 Chemical equilibrium Transformation
13 Acid-Base Equilibria
14 Thermochemistry and thermodynamics Energy

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 ASSESSMENT PLAN
Week Day/month Content Assessment plan
1 08/09 Course introduction & matter, energy, IE 1
measurements and units in chemistry
2 15/09 Atoms, molecules and ions 1 IE 2, Qz 1
3 22/09 Atoms, molecules and ions 2 IE 3, Qz 2, HW1
4 29/09 Periodic Properties of the Elements IE 4, Qz 3
5 06/10 Chemical Bonding 1 IE 5, Qz 4 due of HW1
6 13/10 Chemical Bonding 2 IE 6, Qz 6, HW2
7 20/10 Intermolecular forces IE 7, Qz 7
22 or 23/10 Revision of midterm exam (online, MS Team) Due of HW2 and revising HW1,2
24/10-06/11 Midterm examination
8 10/11 Gases and their properties IE 8, Qz 8
9 17/11 Liquids and their properties IE 10, Qz 9
10 24/11 Solids and their properties IE 11, HW2
11 01/12 Chemical kinetics IE 12, Qz 10, due of HW3
12 08/12 Chemical equilibrium IE 13, Qz 11
13 15/12 Acid-Base Equilibria IE 14, Qz 12, HW4
14 22/12 Thermochemistry and thermodynamics IE 15, Qz 13
15 29/12 Revision of final exam Due of HW4 and revising HW3, 4
02/01/2022-14/01/2022 Final examination
9/8/2022 6
References
(1) “Chemistry for Engineers _ An Applied Approach” by
Mary Jane Shultz (2007) (@IU library)
(2) “Chemistry for Engineering Student” by Lawrence S.
Brown and Thomas A. Home (@ IU library)
(3) “General Chemistry” by Darrell Ebbing and Steven D.
Gammon (@ IU library)
(4) “Chemistry, Principles and Reactions” by Masterton
and Hurley (6th Ed., 2009) (@ IU library)
(5) “Chemistry” by Raymond Chang (@ IU library)

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 ASSESSMENT METHODS
Assessment method
Abbre Definition Description Per. (%)

IE In-class Students will do some tasks during Instructor will check attendance 10%
exercise class. Aim of this activity is to via slido and each students can
contribute effectively to your get bonus points for the correct
learning. answers through quiz of slido
Qz Quiz Each student will do quizzes after Auto assessment on Blackboard 10%
class. 80% of the highest quizzes
will be taken account into Qz score.
HW Homework A group of student will do 04 TA will evaluate the group’s HW 10%
homework problem sets at home. and teacher will revise the
answers again
ME Midterm 40 multiple choices and 2- 4 free- Correct answers will gain 30%
examination response questions maximum 100 points

FE Final 40 multiple choices and 2 – 4 free- Correct answers will gain 40%
examination response questions maximum 100 points
9/8/2022
8
CLASS POLYCIES
• Students should be prepared, spend time
to read documents and do homework,
exercise, group assignment.

Write First, ▪ Students are encouraged to raise your

Talk After. hand (discuss, ask questions and give
comments to lecturers and others)

▪ Homeworks and quizzes must be

submitted by the due date assigned by
teacher

▪ According to the International University’s

regulation, attending the class less than 80% of
periods
9/8/2022
is not allowed to take the final examinations. 9
CONTACT
▪ MS Team: Chem for Eng_S1_2223_Dr. Thuan
▪ Blackboard: www.blackboard.hcmiu.edu.vn (lecture note, Quiz,
homework, announcement…)
▪ Instructor: Dr. Ngo Thi Thuan
Email: ntthuan@hcmiu.edu.vn
Phone: 0908 859 381 (emergency only)
▪ Teaching assistant: Mr. Huy
Email:

9/8/2022 10
 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HO CHI MINH CITY
INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Chapter 1:

Matter, Measurements and

Units

Instructor: Ngo Thi Thuan, PhD

9/8/2022 11
 Learning outcomes of chapter 1
STUDENTS ARE ABLE TO…

G1 Define and classify matter and energy

G2 Distinguish between physical changes and
chemical changes, accuracy and precision
G3 Express result of a calculation with significant
figures and units

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1. Matter
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up
space.
• State of Matter

CLASSIFYING
MATTER

▪ Composition of
Matter

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 1.1. States of Matter

http://www.chem4kids.com/

9/8/2022 14
States of Matter

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States of Matter

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 1.2. Classification of Matter Based on
Composition (1 of 2)

MATTER

Diamond is an example
Mango juice is an
of pure substance
example of mixture

Various Constant
composition composition

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Classification of Matter—Pure Substances

Q&A: What is
No Yes different
Can it be
broken down
between
by chemical elements and
means?
compounds?

Only one kind of

9/8/2022 atom
Two or more atoms 18
 Classification of Matter—Mixture

Two
Two components
components
can be seen
are mixed so
distinctly
well

Example

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 Classification of Matter Based on
Composition (1 of 2)
1. Filtered tea (homogeneous mixture)

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 Classification of Matter Based on
Composition (1 of 2)
2. Squeezed orange juice (heterogeneous mixture)

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 Classification of Matter Based on
Composition (1 of 2)
3. A compact disc (heterogeneous mixture)

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 Classification of Matter Based on
Composition (1 of 2)
4. Aluminum oxide, a white powder that contains a
2:3 ratio of aluminum and oxygen atoms
(pure compound)

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 Classification of Matter Based on
Composition (1 of 2)
5. Selenium (element)

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 2. Properties of matter

• Physical properties
• Chemical properties

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 2.1. Physical Properties
• Physical properties can be observed without changing a
substance into another substance.

IE2: Give examples of physical properties

of water?

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 Physical Properties

Independent of the
amount of the
substance:
identifying a
substance

depend upon the

amount of the
substance

9/8/2022 27
 2.2. Chemical Properties
• Chemical properties can only be observed when a substance is
changed into another substance.
– One common chemical property is flammability,
Example or the ability to burn in oxygen.

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 Two Types of Properties

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 3. Types of matter changes
• Physical changes are changes in matter that do not
change the composition of a substance.
➢ Example: changes of state, temperature, and volume.

• Chemical changes result in new substances.

➢ Example: combustion, oxidation, and decomposition.

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 Changes in Matter State

• Converting between the three

states of matter is a physical
change.

Example:
Ice melts or water evaporates
→ there are still 2 H atoms and 1
O atom in each molecule.

9/8/2022 31
 Chemical Reactions (Chemical Change)

Example:
Copper penny in nitric acid → a blue solution of copper(II)
nitrate and a brown gas called nitrogen dioxide.
Cu + 4HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O
Note: Physical properties, like color, often helps us
See that chemical change has occurred.
9/8/2022 32
 4. Separating Mixtures
• Mixtures can be separated based on physical
properties of the components of the mixture. Some
methods used are
– Filtration
– Distillation
– Chromatography

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 Filtration
• Solid substances are separated from
liquids and solutions via filter papers,
based on particle sizes of solids

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 Distillation
• Distillation uses
differences in the
boiling points of
substances to
separate a
homogeneous mixture
into its components.

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 Chromatography

• This technique
separates substances
on a basis of
differences in the
ability of substances
to adhere to the solid
surface, in this case,
dyes to paper.

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 5. Numbers and Chemistry
• Numbers play a major role in chemistry. Many topics
are quantitative (have a numerical value).

• Concepts of numbers in science

– Units of measurement
– Prefixed used with the base units
– Uncertainty in measurement
– Significant figures

9/8/2022 37
 5.1. Units of Measurements—SI Units
• Système International d’Unités (“The International System of
Units”)
• A different base unit is used for each quantity.
Table 1 SI Base Units
Physical Quantity Name of Unit Abbreviation

Length Meter m

Mass Kilogram kg

Temperature Kelvin K

Time Second s or sec

Amount of substance Mole mol

Electric current Ampere A or amp

Luminous intensity Candela cd

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Units of Measurement—Metric System Prefixes
Table 2 Prefixes Used in the Metric System and with SI Units

Base 10
system

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 Units of Measurement – Derived units
• A derived unit is a unit that results from a mathematical
combination of SI base units.
Table 3: Some derived units are listed below
Quantity Symbol Unit Unit abbreviation Derivation
Area A Square meter m2 Length x width
Volume V Cubic meter m3 Length x width x
height
Density D Kilograms/cubic meter kg/cm3 Mass/volume
Concentration C Moles/liter mol/L Amount/volume
Speed v Meters/second m/s Length/time
(velocity)
Acceleration a Meters/second/second m/s2 Speed/time
Force F Newton N Mass x acceleration
Energy E Joule J Force x length

9/8/2022 40
 Example of derived unit_ Volume
• Note that volume is not a
base unit for SI; it is a
derived unit from length
(m  m  m = m3 ).
• The most commonly used
metric units for volume are the
liter (L) and the milliliter (mL).
– A liter is a cube of 1
decimeter (dm) long on each
side.
– A milliliter is a cube of 1
centimeter (cm) long on each
side, also called 1 cubic
centimeter
9/8/2022
(cm  cm  cm = cm3 ). 41
Example of derived unit _Energy
• The unit of energy: Joule (J). It is a derived unit:
1
KE = mv 2
2
Example: If the object is 2 kg, and it moves at 1 m/s,
it will posses1 J of kinetic energy:
1
1J = (2 kg)(1 m/s)2 OR : 1 J  1 kg  m2 /s 2
2

• kJ is commonly used for chemical change.

• Historically, the calorie was used: 1 cal = 4.184 J
• This calorie is Not the nutritional Calorie. That one is a
kcal.
• 1 nutritional Calorie = 1 Cal = 1000 cal
9/8/2022 42
 Example of Derived unit _ Density
• Density is a physical Substance
Density
(g/cm3) ( g d )
property of a substance.
Air 0.001
• It has units that are
Balsa wood 0.16
derived from the units
Ethanol 0.79
for mass and volume.
Water 1.00
• The most common units
are g/mL or g/cm3 Ethylene glycol 1.09
Table sugar 1.59

m Table salt 2.16

D= Iron 7.9
V
Gold 19.32

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9/8/2022 44
5.2. UNCERTAINTY IN MEASUREMENT

Meniscus
20.15

Certain digits Uncertain digits

The same regardless The final digit is

of who made the estimated and can vary
measurement
9/8/2022 45
Uncertainty in Measurement
(2) (3) The uncertainty of a
measurement depends on the
precision of the measuring
device.

The higher number recorded →

28 mL
measurement is more precise
28.30 mL
(1)
28.3 mL
The last digit measured is
considered reliable, but Not
exact.

IE3: Which glassware can give the most

precise result?
9/8/2022 46
5.3. Accuracy versus Precision
• Precision is a measure of how closely individual measurements
agree with one another.
• Accuracy refers to how closely individual measurements agree
with the correct, or “true,” value.
• Experimentally, we often take several measurements and
determine a standard deviation.
Example: True value: 10.00mL
Measurement 1 Measurement 3
10.10 mL 11.75 mL
10.00 mL 12.80 mL
9.995 mL 8.250 mL
9.980 mL 9.100 mL
Accurate and precise Accurate but imprecise
Measurement 2 Measurement 4
28.15 mL 3.120 mL
28.30 mL 6.250 mL
28.20 mL 2.180 mL
28.10 mL 0.815 mL
9/8/2022 47
inaccurate but precise inaccurate and imprecise
Q&A 5: Matching (A) with a correct picture in (B)

(1) (2)

(3) (4)

(A)

9/8/2022
(B) 48
 Q&A 6: Evaluate accuracy and precision of these analytical results

Actual value
(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

9/8/2022 J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2010, 21, 1821–1835 49

 5.4. Significant Figures
• All digits of a measured quantity, including the uncertain
ones, are called significant figures.

❖ Example
2 significant
figures

• Report measurements with the correct precision

→significant figures rules
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 Significant Figures_example

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Writing significant figure Rules
1. All nonzero digits are significant.
2. Zeroes between nonzero digits are significant.
3. Zeroes at the beginning of a number are never significant.
4. Zeroes at the end of a number are significant if it contains a
decimal point.

1.03 x 104 g (three significant figures)

1.030 x 104 g
(four significant figures)
1.0300 x 104 g
(five significant figures)

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IE4: Write Significant Figures (3 mins)
Examples Significant figures
0.00682 3
1.072 4
55.0 3
70.607 5
0.00832407 6
1267 4
300 1
300. 3
300.0 4
220,000 2
1.0050 5

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Significant Figures in Calculations
• Addition or subtraction: rounded to the least
significant decimal place.

9/8/2022 54
 Significant Figures in Calculations
▪ Multiplication or division: rounded to the same number of digits
as the measurement with the fewest number of significant
figures.

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 Significant Figures in Calculations

9/8/2022 2.79/0.76 = 3.671052631578947!!! 56

 Significant Figures in Calculations:
ROUNDING rules
➢ Digit to be dropped is less than 5: “round down”
➢ Digit to be dropped is more than or equal to 5:
“round up” + 1

9/8/2022 57
 Significant Figures in Calculations: ROUNDING
EXAMPLES
Round the following to the indicated number of significant figures:
a. 31.57 (to 02 significant figures)
b. 8.1649 (to three significant figures)
c. 0.051065 (to four significant figures)
d. 0.90275 (to four significant figures)
Solution
a. 31.57 (to 02 significant figures) → rounds “up” to 32
b. 8.1649 (to three significant figures) → rounds “down” to 8.16
c. 0.051065 (to four significant figures) →rounds “up” to 0.05107
d. 0.90275 (to four significant figures) → rounds “up” to 0.9028
9/8/2022 58
 Examples Rule:
Multiplication and
Division: fewest
4.184 x 100.620 = 420.99408 number of
4 significant figures
# sig digit 6

421.0 All correct

Encourage using
scientific notation 4.210 x 102
Significant digit: 4
Don’t need to care about the number behind decimal
point

9/8/2022 59
 Rule 1: In addition and subtraction
Examples the result carries the same number of decimal places as
the quantity with the fewest decimal places.

4.184 x 100.620 x (25.27 – 24.16) = 467.303429

4.184 x 100.620 x 1.11 = 467.303429
# sig digit 4 6 3 3 < 5 : apply
rounding down

Significant digit: 3 467.

4.67 x 102
Rule 2: Multiplication and
Division: fewest number of
significant figures

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 do not round intermediate steps
4.184 x 100.620 x (25.27 – 24.16) = 467.303429
4.184 x 100.620 x 1.11 = 467.303429
# sig digit 4 6 3
421.0 x 1.11 = 467.31
4 3
467. Significant digit: 3
Rule: To avoid rounding errors in
multistep calculations, round only Rule: Multiplication and
the final answer – do not round Division
intermediate steps. If you write down The answer cannot have
intermediate answers, keep tract of more significant figures
significant figures by underlining the than the measurement
least significant figures with the fewest number
of significant figures

9/8/2022 61 61
 Examples
4 4 Rule 1: In addition and subtraction
the result carries the same number
8.925 – 8.904 of decimal places as the quantity
X 100%
8.925 with the fewest decimal places.

2
0.021 Rule 2: Multiplication
= X 100% = 0.23529412% and Division
8.925 The answer cannot have
4 0.24% more significant figures
than the measurement
2 with the fewest number
of significant figures

9/8/2022 62 62
 Examples
2 5 Rule 1: Multiplication and Division
The answer cannot have more significant
9.6 x 100.65 figures than the measurement with the
+ 4.026 fewest number of significant figures
8.321
4
Keep track here: # sig digit 2 Keep track here: # sig digit 2
9.6624 x 102
= + 4.026 = 1.16120659 x 102 + 4.026 = 120.146659
8.321
4 Best method to
2 1.2 x 102 calculate
Rule 2: In addition and subtraction
the result carries the same number or 1.16120659 x 102 + 4.026
of decimal places as the quantity = 1.16120659 x 102 + 0.04026 x 102
with the fewest decimal places.
= (1.16120659 + 0.04026) x 102
= 1.20146659 x 102 = 1.2 x 102
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 Examples
4 4 5
[(853.6 x104) - (6.967x102)]x3.6810
= [(853.6 x104) - (0.06967x104)]x3.6810
= [(853.6 - 0.06967)x104)]x3.6810
= 853.53033 x 104 x 3.6810 = 3141.845145 x 104
4 5
= 3.142 x 107
4
Rule 2: Multiplication
and Division
The answer cannot have
Rule 1: In addition and subtraction
more significant figures
the result carries the same number
than the measurement
of decimal places as the quantity
with the fewest number
with the fewest decimal places.
of significant figures
9/8/2022 64 64
 Examples Rule 2: Multiplication
4 6 5 and Division
The answer cannot have
(853.6 - 852.967)x3.6810 more significant figures
= 0.633 x 3.6810 = 2.330073 = 2 than the measurement
with the fewest number of
5 significant figures

Now: # sig digit 1

Rule 1: In addition and subtraction

the result carries the same number of
decimal places as the quantity with the
fewest decimal places.

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