CHAPTER 03 Thermal engineering- Problems Rev08

CHAPTER 3
PROBLEMS TO BE MADE IN CLASSROOM
3.1. Problem (M&S Example 3.1)
A closed, rigid container of volume 0.5 m3 is placed on a hot plate. Initially, the container holds a two-
phase mixture of saturated liquid water and saturated water vapor at p1=1 bar with a quality of 0.5.
After heating, the pressure in the container is p2 = 1.5 bar. Indicate the initial and final states on a T–v
diagram, and determine
(a) The temperature, in ºC, at each state.

(b) The mass of vapor present at each state, in kg.
(c) If heating continues, determine the pressure, in bar, when the container holds only saturated
vapor.
A vertical piston–cylinder assembly containing 0.05 kg of ammonia, initially a saturated vapor, is placed
on a hot plate. Due to the weight of the piston and the surrounding atmospheric pressure, the pressure
of the ammonia is 1.5 bars. Heating occurs slowly, and the ammonia expands at constant pressure until
the final temperature is 25 ºC. Show the initial and final states on T–v and p–v diagrams, and determine
(a) The volume occupied by the ammonia at each state, in m3.

(b) The work for the process, in kJ.
THERMAL ENGINEERING – CHAPTER 3 – Problems

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Water contained in a piston–cylinder assembly undergoes two processes in series from an initial state
where the pressure is 10 bar and the temperature is 400 ºC.
Process 1–2: The water is cooled as it is compressed at a constant pressure of 10 bar to the saturated
vapor state.
Process 2–3: The water is cooled at constant volume to 150 ºC.
(a) Sketch both processes on T–v and p–v diagrams.

(b) For the overall process determine the work, in kJ/kg.
(c) For the overall process determine the heat transfer, in kJ/kg.
3.4. Problem (M&S 3.61)
A two-phase liquid–vapor mixture of H2O with an initial quality of 25% is contained in a piston–cylinder
assembly as shown in the figure. The mass of the piston is 40 kg, and its diameter is 10 cm. The
atmospheric pressure of the surroundings is 1 bar. The initial and final positions of the piston are shown
on the diagram. As the water is heated, the pressure inside the cylinder remains constant until the
piston hits the stops. Heat transfer to the water continues until its pressure is 3 bar. Friction between
the piston and the cylinder wall is negligible. Determine the total amount of heat transfer, in J. Let g =
9.81 m/s2.
3.5 Problem (M&S 3.42)
A given quantity of water is at a pressure of 15 MPa and at a temperature of 100°C. Calculate its specific
volume (m3/kg) and the specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) using:
a) Data from table A-5

b) Saturated liquid data from table A-2

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3.6. Problem (adapted from M&S 3.71)
An isolated system consists of a 5-kg copper slab, initially at 60 ºC, and 10 kg liquid water, initially at
25 ºC. Assuming no volume change; determine the final equilibrium temperature of the isolated
system, in ºC.
3.7. Problem (M&S 3.107)
A system consists of 2 kg of carbon dioxide gas initially at state 1, where p1 =1 bar, T1 = 300 K. The system
undergoes a power cycle consisting of the following processes:
Process 1–2: constant volume to p2= 4 bar

Process 2–3: expansion with pv1.28 = constant
Process 3–1: constant-pressure compression
Assuming the ideal gas model and neglecting kinetic and potential energy effects,
(a) Sketch the cycle on a p–v diagram.

(b) Calculate the thermal efficiency of the cycle
3.8. Problem (M&S 3.96)
One kilogram of air, initially at 5 bar, 350 K, and 3 kg of carbon dioxide (CO2), initially at 2 bar, 450 K, are
confined to opposite sides of a rigid, well-insulated container, as illustrated in the figure. The partition
is free to move and allows conduction from one gas to the other without energy storage in the partition
itself. The air and carbon dioxide each behave as ideal gases. Determine the final equilibrium
temperature, in K, and the final pressure, in bar, assuming constant specific heats.
3.9. Problem (adapted from problem 1 of 21/12/2020 exam)
The rigid tank in the figure, with a volume of 2 liters, initially contains 1 kg of ammonia at a pressure of
16 bar. The tank has a heating system that keeps constant the inner temperature all the time.
The tank is connected by a valve to a completely adiabatic piston-cylinder, which is subjected to an

external pressure of patm = 1 bar. The valve is opened and some of the ammonia expands into the
cylinder, which was initially empty. When the valve is closed, the volume of the piston-cylinder is 500 l
and the temperature inside is 20°C.

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It is requested:
a) Temperature (°C) and internal energy (kJ/kg) of ammonia in the initial state.
b) Mass of ammonia (kg) extracted from the tank to the cylinder-piston.
c) Work done by the ammonia in the expansion of the piston (kJ).
d) Heat supplied to the ammonia in the tank (kJ).

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PROBLEMS TO BE MADE BY THE STUDENT
3.10. Problem (M&S Example 3.6 – 7 edition)
One-tenth milliliter of cooking oil is placed in the chamber of a constant-volume calorimeter filled with
sufficient oxygen for the oil to be completely burned. The chamber is immersed in a water bath. The
mass of the water bath is 2.15 kg. For the purpose of this analysis, the metal parts of the apparatus are
modeled as equivalent to an additional 0.5 kg of water. The calorimeter is well-insulated, and initially
the temperature throughout is 25°C. The oil is ignited by a spark. When equilibrium is again attained,
the temperature throughout is 25.3°C. Determine the change in internal energy of the chamber
contents, in kcal per ml of cooking oil and in kcal per tablespoon (15 ml) of cooking oil.
Answer: -7.9 kcal/ml; 119 kcal/tablespoon.
3.11. Problem (M&S 3.35)
Two kilograms of Refrigerant 22 undergo a process for which the pressure-specific volume relationship
is P·v1,05 = constant. The initial state of the refrigerant is 2 bar and -20 ºC, and the final pressure is 10 bar.
Kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible. Determine the work in kJ, for the process.
Answer: - 73 .4 kJ.

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CHAPTER 03 Thermal engineering- Problems Rev08

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CHAPTER 3

PROBLEMS TO BE MADE IN CLASSROOM

3.1. Problem (M&S Example 3.1)

(a) The temperature, in ºC, at each state.

3.2. Problem (M&S Example 3.2)

(a) The volume occupied by the ammonia at each state, in m3.

THERMAL ENGINEERING – CHAPTER 3 – Problems

(a) Sketch both processes on T–v and p–v diagrams.

3.4. Problem (M&S 3.61)

3.5 Problem (M&S 3.42)

a) Data from table A-5

THERMAL ENGINEERING – CHAPTER 3 – Problems

3.7. Problem (M&S 3.107)

Process 1–2: constant volume to p2= 4 bar

(a) Sketch the cycle on a p–v diagram.

3.8. Problem (M&S 3.96)

3.9. Problem (adapted from problem 1 of 21/12/2020 exam)

The tank is connected by a valve to a completely adiabatic piston-cylinder, which is subjected to an

THERMAL ENGINEERING – CHAPTER 3 – Problems

THERMAL ENGINEERING – CHAPTER 3 – Problems

3.10. Problem (M&S Example 3.6 – 7 edition)

Answer: -7.9 kcal/ml; 119 kcal/tablespoon.

3.11. Problem (M&S 3.35)

THERMAL ENGINEERING – CHAPTER 3 – Problems

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