Function

1. Define composition function of f and g.

2. If f:A → 𝐵 and g:B → 𝐶 be two given functions, write down the function that maps A → 𝐶
3. What are the periods of y = sinx, y = cosx and y = tanx?
4. What are the amplitudes of y = sinx, y = cosx and y = tanx?
5. What is the necessary condition for a function to exist its inverse?
6. If f: AB such that f(x) = y and g: BC such that g(y) = Z. Write the combined function that is
defined from A to C.
7. If f and g are linear functions, what can you say about the domain of (fg) and (gf)? Explain.
8. If f(x) = 2x2 + 1 and g(x) = 4x + 5, find f◦g and g◦f
9. Write yourself any two real-valued function. Find their composition.
10. If f = {(1,3),(0,0),(-1,-3)} and g = {(0,2),(-3,-1),(3,5)}, show the composite function g◦f in the form
of arrow diagram and set of ordered pairs
11. Given f and g are two real-valued functions defined as:
(a) f = {(3, 4), (5, 6), (9, 10)} and g = {(4, 16), (6, 36), (10, 100)}
(b) f = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)} and g = {(2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)}
Find the following: (i) domain of f (ii) domain of g (iii) domain of (fg) (iv) range of (gf)
12. If f:x→ 2x + 3 , g:x→ 4x - 1 and gf(x) = 12, find the value of x
13. If f(3x-1) = -6x + 3, find f◦f(2)
14. If f(x) = x - 1, g(x) = 2x - 3 and h(x) = x + 5, find (g◦h◦f)(x) and (f◦h◦g)(-1)
15. If g(x) = 4x + 1 and g◦f(x) = 2x - 3, find f(x)
16. If f(x) = 4x + 5 and f◦g(x) = 8x + 13, find the value of x such that g◦f(x) = 28
17. f: R R is a function such that f(1) = 2, f(5) = 10, f(-4) = -8 and f(-3) = -6
(i) Write function f in ordered pair form.
(ii) Represent f in mapping diagram.
(iii) Represent f -1 in ordered pair form.
(iv) Represent f -1 in mapping diagram.
18. If f(x) = 5x - 3, find f-1
19. If f-1(x) = 2x – 7, find f and f(-3)
20. If f(x) = 2x-1, find f-1. Also prove that f◦ f -1 is an identity function.
4𝑥−1
21. If f:x → , find f-1
2𝑥+3
22. Let f: R R be defined by f(x) = 2x + 3 then find
1
(i) f-1 (x) (ii) f-1(-4) (iii) f-1( 4 )
𝑥−2
23. If f(x) = 3x + 2 and g(x) = 3
, show that f and g are inverse of each other
24. If f(x) = x - 2x, g(x) = 2x + 3 and fg-1(x) = 3, find the value of x.
2

25. Let f and g be real valued functions, defined as f = {(x, ax + 9)} and g(x) = 3x + 8.
If f-1(10) = g-1(11), find the value of a.
26. If f(x) = 4x - 1 and g(x) = 2x + 3, find (f◦g)-1
27. If f(x) = 3x - 2 and g(x) = 4x + 2, prove that (gf)-1 = f-1g-1
28. If f = {(x, 4x + 7) : x𝜖R}, g = {(x, y): y = 3x - 5} and f◦g-1(x) = 15, find the value of x.
𝑥+2
29. If f(x) = 3x – 7, g(x) = 5 and (g-1f)(x) = f(x), find the value of x f is a real-valued function
defined as f(x) = 3x + a. If (ff)(6) = 10 then find the values of ‘ a ‘ and f-1(4)
 𝑥
30. If f(x) = , x≠2 , g(x) = ax-2 and gf(4) = -8, find f-1(-2) and a
2−𝑥
31. If f(x) = 4x – 3 , g(x) = 2x+1 and f-1g-1(x) = g-1f(-2), find the value of x
32. If f-1(x) = 2x-3, g(x) = 4x+1 and fg-1(x) is an identity function, find the value of x
33. Write the formula of volume and surface area of sphere in terms of radius. Find the
functional relation and write their inverse.

Polynomial
1. State the remainder theorem and factor theorem
2. If a polynomial p(x) is divided by (x-a), what is the remainder?
3. If a polynomial p(x) is divided by (x+a), what is the remainder?
4. If a polynomial p(x) is divided by (ax+b), what is the remainder?
5. If 3x4 - 2x3 - x = (x - 2).Q(x) + R, find Q(x) and R
6. If (x – a) is a factor of xn - an, what is the degree of the quotient?
7. By using remainder theorem, find the remainder when the Polynomial 4x3 - x2 + 4x - 7 is
divided by x + 1.
8. If x4 + 2x2 – 4x + k is divided by x – 2, the remainder is 4, find the value of k, using remainder
theorem
9. If x3– ax2 + 8x + 11 and 3x3 – ax2 + 7ax + 13, both are divided by (x – 1), and the remainders are
same, find the value of a.
10. By using remainder theorem, find the remainder when the polynomial 8x3 + 4x2 - 8x - 2 is divided
by 2x – 1
11. If the polynomial 8x3 - 4x2 + 2kx - 3 is divided by x - 1 and the remainder is – 9, find the value of k
12. Using the factor theorem, show that x + 1 is a factor of x2 + 4x + 3
13. For what value of k, the polynomial 2x3 + kx2 + 11x + k + 2 is exactly divisible by (2x - 1)?
14. If x + 3 is a factor of x3 - (k-1)x2 + kx + 54, find the value of k
15. Find the value of m, for which 2x4 – 4x3 + mx2 + 2x + 1 is exactly divisible by 1 – 2x
16. If x - 1 and x - 2 are the factors of x3 + ax2 + bx - 6, find the values of a and b
17. If x2 – 3x + 2 is a factor of x3 + ax2 + bx - 6, find the values of a and b
18. What must be added to 2x3 - 3x2 - 7x + 3 so that it contains (x - 2) as a factor?
19. Factorize the following by using factor theorem.
(i) 2x3 + 3x2 – 3x – 2
(ii) y3 – 6y2 + 3y + 10
(iii) x3 + 13x2 + 32x + 20
(iv) (x – 1) (2x2 + 15x + 15) – 21
20. Solve for x:
(i) x3 - 19x - 30 = 0 (ii) 6y3 = 4 – 13y2 (iii) 8x3 – 5x = 2x2 + 1
(iv) 3x3 = 13x2 - 16 (v) y = x3 and y + 36 = 7x2 (vi) y = x3 – 4x2 + x + 8 and y = 2
Matrix
1. Under what condition inverse matrix does not exist
2. Define inverse matrix
3. Define a singular matrix
4. Define a non-singular matrix
5. In the equations ax + by = c and px + qy = r, what do D1 , D2 and D represent according to
Cramer’s rule?
−1 2 6 2 1
6. If A = [ ] and B = [ ], find the determinant of 3A - 2 B
1 0 −4 8
𝑥 3𝑥 + 2
7. If | | = 0, find the value of x
−1 𝑥
3𝑥 −1
8. If [ ] is a singular matrix, find the value of x
−6 −4
−4 5 4 6
9. If P = [ ], Q = [ ] and |𝑃 − 𝑄 − 5I| = 14, find the value of x
7 8 𝑥 3
−3 −4
10. If A = [ ], find A-1
−1 −2
4 −2
11. If A -1 = [ ], find A
−6 2
3 5 2 −5
12. Prove that [ ] and [ ] are inverse of each other
1 2 −1 3
𝑥 −1 2 −1
13. If [ ] and [ ] are inverse of each other, find the values of x and y.
5 −2 𝑦 −3
5 3 3 2
14. If A = [ ] and B = [ ], prove that (AB)-1 = B-1A-1
3 2 4 3
3 2 2 −1
15. For what value of x, the product [ ] × [ ] does not have its inverse.
𝑥 4 3 2
16. Solve the equations by matrix method:
6
(i) 3x + 4y = 5 and x – y + 3 = 0 (iv) x + - 7 = 0 and 2xy + 4 = 10y
𝑦
3 2 3𝑥 + 6𝑦 𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑥
(ii) + = 13 and 5y - 3x = 9xy (v) =4=
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥𝑦 𝑦
3𝑥 + 5𝑦 7𝑥 + 3𝑦
(iii) = 4 =
4 5
17. By using the Cramer’s rule, solve the following equations:
4 3 3 2 1
(i) x - 2y = 5 and 5x - y = - 2 (ii) + = 1 and − =
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 24

3𝑥+6𝑦 𝑥𝑦+3𝑥 6
(iii) =4= (iv) x + - 7 = 0 and 2xy + 4 = 10y
𝑥𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
Arithmetic sequence/series/mean
1. Find the 17th term of the arithmetic sequence: 45,43,41,39,...,...

2. Find the common difference of an arithmetic sequence whose first term is 6 and sixth term is
21.

3. Which term of the series 10 + 13 + 16 +... is 49?

4. In an arithmetic sequence, the 10th term and 32nd term are 23 and 67 respectively. Calculate its
47th term.

5. If the 5th and 8th terms of an AP are 19 and 31 respectively, which term is 67?

6. Divide 45 into three parts that are in AP such that their product is 1875.

7. The sum of three numbers in AP is 12 and sum of squares of the first term and the last term is
160. Find the numbers.

8. If x + 6, 3x and 2x + 9 are in AP, find the value of x. Also, find the fifth term.

9. An auditorium has 20 seats in the first row, 24 seats in the second row, 28 seats in the third row
and so on and there are 30 rows of seats. How many seats are there in the 30th row?

10. Find an arithmetic mean between x + y and x - y

11. Find the 9th term of an AS whose 8th and 10th terms are (a + b)2 and (a - b)2 respectively.

12. Find ( insert ) three arithmetic means between -1 and 1

13. If 13,x,y,z,29 are in arithmetic sequence, find the values of x, y and z.

14. There are n arithmetic means between 12 and 33. If the 4th mean is 24, find the value of n

15. There are k arithmetic means between 15 and 45. If the 3rd mean is 30, find the value of k

16. How many arithmetic means are there between 2 and 11 where the ratio of the first mean to
the last mean is 7:19?

17. There are six arithmetic means between x and y. If the 2nd mean and the last mean are 8 and 20,
find the values of x and y

18. 10 arithmetic means are inserted between a and b so that the two means exactly at the middle
are 11 and 13 respectively. Find the values of a and b.

19. Find the sum of the arithmetic series 99 + 96 + 93 + .......to 20 terms

20. Find the sum of the arithmetic series 20 + 24 + 28 + 32 + ....... + 220

21. Find the sum of the first 45 odd natural numbers

22. In an arithmetic series, the first term is 9, last term is -6 and the sum is 24. Find the number of
terms and common difference.
 23. In an arithmetic series, the sum of the first 12 terms is 125 and the sum of the first 11 terms is
95. What is the 12th term of the series?

24. In an arithmetic series, the sum of the first 6 terms and 9 terms are 183 and 369 respectively,
find the first term and the common difference.

25. How many terms of the series 24+20+16+...must be taken so that their sum is 72? Explain the
double answer.,

26. If the 3rd term of an AS is 7 and the 7th term exceeds 3 times the 3rd term by 2, find the sum of
first 30 terms.

27. The sum of 4th and 8th terms of an AS is 70 and sum of 6th and 10th terms is 94. Find the sum of
first 20 terms.

28. In an AS, 6th term is equal to 3 times the 4th term and the sum of the first three terms is -12. Find
the sum of the first ten terms.

29. The first and the last terms of an AS are -24 and 72 respectively. If the sum of all the terms of
the series is 600, find the number of terms and the common difference.

30. A person saves Rs 111 during the first month, Rs 222 in the next month and Rs 333 in the third
month. If he continues his saving in this sequence,

(i) In how many months will he save Rs 560550?

(ii) Find his total saving at the end of 5 years

(iii) What will be the amount of saving only in the 22nd month?

31. The sum of the first 9 terms of an AS is 90 and the ratio of the third term and the sixth term is
1:2. Find the 8th term and sum of the first 8 terms
32. After knee surgery, your trainer tells you to return to your jogging program slowly. He suggests
jogging time for 12 minutes for the first week. Each week thereafter, he suggests you to increase
that time by 6 minutes. After how many weeks will he be jogging 60 minutes per week? Find it.
33. A sum of Rs. 700 is to be used to give seven cash prizes to students of a school for their overall
academic performance. If each prize is Rs. 20 less than its preceding prize, find:
(i) The first prize (ii) The 2nd prize
(iii) The 3rd prize (iv) Seventh prize

Geometric sequence/series/mean
1. Find the 7th term of the GS 2,6,18, ...
2. Find the first term of the GS whose common ratio is -2 and 8th term is -384
1 1
3. Calculate the positive common ratio of a GS whose first term is - 96 and the 3rd term is - 6
1
4. How many terms are there in the series 8 + 4 + 2 + .............. + 512 ?
512
5. Which term of the series 81 + 54 + 36 + .............is 243
?
6. Find the common ratio and the first term of a GS whose 4th and 7th terms are 24 and 192
respectively.
7. In a GS, 4th term is equal to 8 times the first term and the 6th term is 64. If the common ratio is
positive, find its 10th term
8. Divide 14 into three parts in GS such that their product is 64.
9. If k, k + 2, and k + 6 are in GS, find the value of k. Also, find the 5th term.
10. Find a geometric mean between 3 and 27
11. If geometric mean between two numbers is 27 and one of the numbers is 81, find the other.
1 1
12. Find the 15th term of a GS whose 14th term and 16th term are and
64 16
13. Insert 3 geometric means between 5 and 80(common ratio is positive)
14. If 6,x,y,162 are in geometric sequence, find the values of x and y.
15. There are some geometric means between 12 and 192 such that the third mean is 96. Find the
number of geometric means.
16. How many geometric means are there between 10 and 1280 where the ratio between the first
mean and the last mean is 1: 32 where the common ratio is positive?
17. There are 5 geometric means between x and y. If the second mean and last mean are 63 and
1701 respectively, find the values of x and y.
18. The AM of two numbers is 25 and their GM is 20. Find the numbers
19. The AM of two numbers is 41 and their GM is 40. Find the numbers
20. 3x, x+6 and 3x+8 are the first three terms of a geometric sequence. Find the fourth term of the
sequence.
21. Find the sum of the first 6 terms of the series 3 + 6 + 12 +...
22. Find the sum of the series 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + ......... + 256
23. 10 + 20 + 40 +.........+ 1280 is the given series. Find the following:
(i) Number of terms (ii) Sum of the series
24. In a geometric series, the first term is 7, last term is 189 and the sum is 280. Find the number of
terms and common ratio.
25. How many terms of the series 4 + 8 + 16 + ...must be taken so that their sum is 508?
26. If the 2nd term and 5th term of GS are 3 and 81 respectively, find the sum of first 7 terms
27. Sum of first 6 terms of a GS is 28 and sum of first 3 terms is 1. Find the common ratio and the
first term. Also find the sum of the first 9 terms
28. Sum of first 2 terms of a GS is 3 and sum of first 4 terms is 15. Find the sum of the first 6 terms
taking the common ratio positive.
29. The sum of three numbers in GS is 31 and their product is 125. Find the numbers.
30. Three numbers are in geometric series and their product is 1000. If 6 and 7 are added to the
second and the third terms respectively, they form an arithmetic series. Find the numbers.
31. Three numbers are in arithmetic series and their sum is 18. If the first two numbers are
increased by 4 each and the third number is increased by 36, they form a geometric series. Find
the numbers.
32. The IQ scores of 10 students in a test are as the rule that the score of second student is the
double of score of first student. The score of third student is double the score of second and so
on. If the score of the first student is 2, find the score of 10th student. Also, find total score of all
10 students.
Coordinate Geometry
Angle between two lines
1. What is the tangent of the angle between the lines y = m 1x + c1 and y = m2x + c2?
2. There are two lines having slopes m1 and m2. What is the angle between the lines?
3. There are two lines having slopes m1 and m2. if the lines are perpendicular to each other, write down the
relation between m1 and m2.
4. There are two lines ax + by + c = 0 and px + qy + r = 0. If the lines are parallel, show that aq – bp = 0
5. Find the obtuse angle between the lines x + 3y = 7 and x - 2y = 2
6. Find the acute angle between the lines y = (2+√3 )x + 5 and y – (2-√3 )x = 1
7. If the line 3x - 5ky = 7 is perpendicular to the line joining the points (-6,2) and (-2,9), find the value of k.
8. If the line 5x - 2ky = 8 is parallel to the line joining the points (-9,2) and (3,-2), find the value of k.
9. Find the equation of the line passing through the point (-7,-9) and parallel to the line 6x – 5y = 3.
10. Find the equation of the line passing through the (7,2) and perpendicular the line 9x – 4y=1
11. Find the equation of the line passing through (8,-5) and parallel to the line joining the points (2,-7) and (-3,4).
12. Find the equation of the line passing through the point (9,-3) and perpendicular to the line joining the
points (-2,-4) and (-6,8)
13. Find the equation of the line perpendicular to the line 4x+7y = 9 and making Y-intercept 6.
14. Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line joining the points (3,-7) and (-1,-5)
15. The line AB is the perpendicular bisector of the line CD and the equation of the line AB is
y = -2x + 4. If coordinates of C and D are (8,3) and (p,q) respectively, find the values of p and q
16. PR and QS are the diagonals of square PQRS. If the coordinates of P and R are ( -5,7) and (1,3)
respectively, find the equation of the diagonal QS.
17. PR and QS are the diagonals of rhombus PQRS. If the coordinates of P and R are ( 2, -8) and
(-5, 4) respectively, find the equation of the diagonal QS.
18. Find the equation of the lines passing through the point (2,3) and making an angle of 45o with the line
x+4y = 8
19. ABCD is a square in which the equation of diagonal BD is 3x - y=6 and the coordinates of the vertex A are
(2,-1), find the equations of the sides AB and AD.
20. ABC is a right-angled isosceles triangle, right-angled at A, in which the equation of the side BC is x – 2y = 6
and the coordinates of A are (2,3). Find the equations of the sides AB and AC.
21. ABCD is a square. If the diagonals AC and BD intersect at (2, -1) and the equation of the side BC is x – 3y =
5, find the equations of both diagonals AC and BD.
22. ABCD is a square in which the diagonals AC and BD intersect at point (1,3). If the equation of the side BC is
2x - y =7 , find the equations of the diagonals AC and BD
23. ABC is a triangle with vertices A(-2, 4), B(-1, 6) and C(5, -4). Find the equation and length of the altitude
drawn from the vertex A
24. Find the equation of the line passing through the intersection of the lines 2x-y=7 and x + y = 5, and
perpendicular to the line 3x - y = 8
25. If the angle between the lines x - 4y = 2 and x - 2ky = 12 is 450, find the value of k.
𝑥 𝑦
26. The line + =1 passes through the point (2,-3) and it is parallel to the line 4x-y = 6. Find the values of a
𝑎 𝑏
and b
27. A(3,6) and D(-6,-9) are the two end points of a median of triangle ABC. Find the equation of the line
passing through the centroid and perpendicular to the median AD
Equation of a pair of lines
1. Write down the standard form of second degree general equation in x and y
2. Write down the standard form of second degree homogenous equation in x and y
3. Write down any one characteristic of the equation ax2+2hxy+by2 = 0
4. Write down the formula for the angle between the pair of lines represented by the second
degree homogenous equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
5. What is the tangent of the angle between the pair of lines represented by the equation
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0?
6. What condition is necessary so that the equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 represents a pair of lines
that are coincident (parallel) ?
7. What condition is necessary so that the equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 represents a pair of lines
that are perpendicular to each other?
8. Find the (single) equation of pair of lines which represents x = 2y and 3x + 4y = 0
9. Find the separate equations of pair of lines represented by the equation x2 - 4xy - 5y2 = 0
10. Find the separate equations of pair of lines represented by the equation x2 – y2 - 2x +2y = 0
11. Find the separate equations of pair of lines represented by the equation
y2cos 2𝜃 − 2𝑥𝑦 + (1 + sin2𝜃).x2 = 0
12. Find the separate equations of pair of lines represented by the equation
𝑎𝑏.(𝑥 2 – 𝑦2) + (𝑎2 – 𝑏2)𝑥𝑦 = 0
13. Find the separate equations of pair of lines represented by the equation x2 - 2xycecA + y2 = 0
14. Find the separate equations of pair of lines represented by the equation x2 + 2xyCosecA + y2 = 0
15. Find the separate equations of pair of lines represented by the equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
Also, prove that both lines pass through the origin.
16. Find the separate equations of pair of lines represented by 4x2 - 12xy + 9y2 - 2x + 3y – 6 = 0
17. Find the acute angle between the pair of lines represented by the equation x2 – xy - 6y2 = 0
18. Find the obtuse angle between the pair of lines represented by x2 + 9xy + 14y2 = 0
19. Find the separate equation of pair of lines represented by the equation x2 + 2xyCosec2A + y2 = 0.
Also prove that the angle between the pair of lines is 900 - 2A
20. Show that the pair of lines represented by the equation x2 - 6xy + 9y2 = 0 are coincident
21. Show that the pair of lines represented by the equation 7x2 - 3xy - 7y2 = 0 are perpendicular to
each other
22. If the pair of lines represented by the equation (2k - 3)x2 - 4xy - y2 = 0 are perpendicular to each
other, find the value of k
23. If the pair of lines represented by the equation (k - 1)x2 - 3xy - (4k + 5)y2=0 are perpendicular to
each other, find the value of k
24. If the angle between the pair of lines represented by the equation x2 - 2kxy + y2 = 0 is 450, find
the value of k
25. Find the equation(single) of a pair of lines passing through the origin and perpendicular to the
pair of lines represented by the equation x2 + 7xy + 6y2 = 0
26. Find the equation of the straight line through the origin and at right angles to the lines
x2 + 3𝑥𝑦 + 2y2 = 0
27. Find the equation(single) of a pair of lines passing through the point (0,1) and parallel to the pair
of lines represented by the equation x2 - 7xy + 12y2 = 0
Circle and its equation
1. Define circle in terms of conic section.
2. Write down the equation of the circle with centre at (h, k) and radius r
3. Write down the equation of the circle whose diameter has end points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2)
4. At what point does the circle having centre at (h, k) touch the Y-axis?
5. At what point does the circle having centre at (h, k) touch the X-axis?
6. In triangle ABC, coordinates of the vertex A are (x1,y1) and the equation of the side BC is
Ax + By + C = 0. If AD is drawn perpendicular to the side BC, what is the length of AD?
7. Write down the coordinates of the centre and radius of the circle whose equation is
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
8. Find the equation of the circle which has centre at (-3, 2) and radius 5 units.
9. Find the centre and radius of the circle from the following equations of the circle:
i. x2 + y2 = 9 ii. (𝑥 − 2)2 + 𝑦 2 = 25
iii. (𝑥 + 1) + (𝑦 − 3) = 16
2 2 iv. x2 – 2x + 𝑦2 − 5 = 0
10. Find the equation of the circle whose diameter has end-points (1, 4) and (3, -5).
11. Find the equation of the circle which has centre at (-4, -5) and just touches the Y-axis.
12. Find the equation of the circle which has centre at (- 6, -8) and just touches the X-axis.
13. Find the equation of the circle having centre (-4,5) and passing through the point (-1,2).
14. Find the coordinates of the centre and radius of the circle whose equation is x2+y2+6x-4y-3=0
15. Find the coordinates of the centre and radius of the circle whose equation is
5x2 + 5y2 - 50x + 20y – 65 = 0
16. Find the coordinates of the centre and radius of the circle whose equation is
2x2 + 2y2 + 6x - 2y -13 = 0
17. If one end of the diameter of the circle x2 + y2 - 4x - 6y + 12 = 0 is(1,3), find the coordinates of the
other end
18. The equations of two diameters of a circle are 2x – y = 7 and x + y = 5. If the circle passes
through the point (2, -1), find the equation of the circle.
19. A circle passes through two points (4, 1) and (6, 5). If the centre of the circle lies on the
line 4x + y=2, find the equation of the circle
20. A circle touches both the axes and its centre lies on the line 2x + y = 3. Find the equation of the
circle
21. A circle passes through the intersection of the lines x – y = 4 and 2x + y = 8. If (-1, 2) be the
centre, find the equation of the circle.
22. Find the equation of the circle concentric with the circle x2 + y2 - 6x + 2y – 3 = 0 and passing
through the point ( -2, 3)
23. If the line x + y = 5 intersects the circle x2 + y2 = 25 at two points P and Q, find the coordinates of
P and Q
24. Find the equation of a circle which passes through the points (5,7), (6,6) and (2,-2)
25. Prove that the points (1, 0), (2, -7), (8, 1) and (9, -6) are con-cyclic
26. A circle has centre at (-2, 1) and the line 3x - 4y – 10 = 0 just touches the circle. Find the equation
of the circle
27. A circle has centre at (-6, 2) and the line 3x - 4y – 9 = 0 just touches the circle. Find the equation
of the circle.
 28. Find the equation of the circle whose centre is (3, - 4) and passes through the centre of the circle
x2 + y2 + 2x - 4y – 3 = 0
29. The vertices of a triangle are A (0, 1), B (-2, 0) and C (1, 0).
a. Find the equation of sides of the triangle.
b. Find the equation of the circle drawn on that side of the triangle lying in the first quadrant
as diameter.
30. Find the coordinates of the centre and the radius of the circle whose equation is
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0

Vector
1. Define scalar product of two vectors
2. If |𝑎⃗| = 1, |𝑏⃗⃗| = √3 and the angle between 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ is 300, find 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗
3. Prove that 𝑖⃗2 = 1
4. Prove that 𝑖⃗ . 𝑗⃗ = 0
5. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑘 𝑏⃗⃗ , where k is a positive scalar, what is the angle between 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ ?
6. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑘 𝑏⃗⃗ , where k is a negative scalar, what is the angle between 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ ?
𝑥1 𝑥2
7. If 𝑎⃗ = (𝑦 ) and 𝑏⃗⃗ = ( 𝑦 ), show that 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = x1x2 + y1y2
1 2
2 3
8. If 𝑎⃗ = ( ) and 𝑏⃗⃗ = ( ), find 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ and the angle between 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗
−1 1
9. If 𝑂𝐴⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ and 𝑂𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = - 3𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ , find 𝑂𝐴
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗. 𝑂𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and the angle AOB
6 4
10. Prove that ( ) and ( ) are perpendicular to each other(orthogonal vectors)
−3 8
11. If 𝑎⃗ = 4𝑖⃗ + 5𝑗⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖⃗ - (2m - 3)𝑗⃗ are perpendicular to each other, find the value of m.
12. Find the angle between the vectors 𝑖⃗ and 𝑖⃗⃗ - 𝑗⃗⃗
13. If -2𝑎⃗ + 4 𝑏⃗⃗ and 10 𝑎⃗ + 8 𝑏⃗⃗ are perpendicular to each other and 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ are unit vectors, find the
angle between 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗
14. If 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = 0, |𝑎⃗| = 6, |𝑏⃗⃗|= 7 and |𝑐⃗| = √106 , find the angle between 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗
−3 5
15. If ( ) and ( ) be the position vectors of the points A and B, find the position vector of the
4 −7
mid-point of the line AB.
16. If the position vectors of the points P and Q are 3𝑖⃗ - 5𝑗⃗ and −𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ , find the position vector of
the mid-point of the line PQ.
−4 2 1
17. PQR is a triangle in which ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝑃 = ( ), ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑄 = ( ) and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑅 = ( ). If G be the centroid of the
−1 5 11
triangle, find the position vector of the centroid G.
−2 −1
18. If ( ) and ( ) be the position vectors of the points A and B, find the position vector of the
1 3
point which divides the line AB internally in the ratio of 1:3
19. If the position vectors of the points P and Q are 𝑖⃗ - 2𝑗⃗ and −𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ , find the position vector of the
point which externally divides the line PQ in the ratio of 1:4
20. AD is a median of triangle ABC. If the position vectors of the points A and D are 4 𝑖⃗ – 𝑗⃗ and
−𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ respectively, find the position vector of the centroid of the triangle.
Vector geometry
1. By vector method prove that in any right-angled triangle, h2 = p2 + b2
2. By vector method prove that the line joining the mid-points of any two sides of a triangle is
half of the third side and parallel to it
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑏⃗⃗. If the point M be the mid-point of line AB,
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎⃗ and 𝑂𝐵
3. AB is line segment with 𝑂𝐴
⃗⃗ + 𝑛 𝑎⃗⃗
𝑚𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =
then prove that 𝑂𝑃
𝑚+𝑛
4. AB is line with ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝐵 = 𝑏⃗⃗. If the point P divides the line AB internally in the ratio
𝑂𝐴 = 𝑎⃗ and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗ + 𝑛 𝑎⃗⃗
𝑚𝑏
of m:n, then prove that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 = 𝑚+𝑛
5. AB is line with ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝐵 = 𝑏⃗⃗. If the point P divides the line AB externally in the ratio
𝑂𝐴 = 𝑎⃗ and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗ − 𝑛 𝑎⃗⃗
𝑚𝑏
of m:n, then prove that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 =
𝑚−𝑛
6. ABC is a triangle in which ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝐵 = 𝑏⃗⃗ and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 𝑎⃗ , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝐶 = 𝑐⃗. If G be the centroid of the
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎⃗⃗ + 𝑏 + 𝑐⃗
triangle, then prove that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐺 = 3
7. By vector method prove that the line joining the vertex and the mid-point of its opposite
side(base) of an isosceles triangle is perpendicular to the base
8. By vector method prove that in any right-angled triangle, the mid-point of the hypotenuse is
equidistant from the vertices
9. By vector method prove that the angle in the semi-circle is always a right angle
10. By vector method prove that the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other
11. In any quadrilateral if the diagonals bisect each other, then the quadrilateral is a
parallelogram” prove it by vector method
12. By vector method prove that the diagonals of rhombus are at right angle
13. “In any quadrilateral, the figure formed by joining the mid-points of the adjacent sides is a
parallelogram "prove it by vector method
14. By vector method prove that a parallelogram having equal diagonals is a rectangle
15. By vector method prove that the diagonals of a rectangle are equal
16. In triangle ABC, CP and BQ are medians. If CP = BQ, prove that ABC is an isosceles triangle.
17. In trapezium, ABCD, BC and AD are parallel. If P and Q are the mid-points of the sides AB and
1
CD respectively, prove that (i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄 = (𝐵𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐷 ) (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐶 are parallel
2
Trigonometry
Multiple angle
1. Express cos3A in terms of cosA
2. Express Sin3A in terms of sinA
3. Write down the relation between sin2A and tanA
4. Write down the relation between cos2A and tanA
5. Write down the relation between cos2A and cosA
6. Write down the relation between tan2A and tanA
7. Write down the relation between tan3A and tanA
8. What is the value of sin150.cos150?
9. What is the value of sin2150.cos2150?
10 10
10. What is the value of cos222 2 − sin222 2 ?
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛150
11. What is the value of 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛150
?
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝐵
12. If tanA = 3tanB, prove that tan(A-B) =
5−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐵
5sin2B
13. If tanA = 3tanB, prove that tan(𝐴 + 𝐵) = 5cos2B − 1
1 1
14. If sinA = ( x + ), find the value of sin3A
2 𝑥
1 1
15. If cosA = ( x + ), find the value of cos3A and cos2A
2 𝑥
1
16. If sinA = , find the value of sin3A
2
17. Prove that:
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴
(i) = cotA
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝐴
1 −𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴+𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝐴
(ii) = tanA
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴+𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝐴
1
(iii) sin2A.cos2A = 4 sin22A
1-tan2( 450−𝐴)
(iv) 1+tan2( 450 −𝐴)
= sin2A
2 0
1+tan ( 45 −𝐴)
(v) 1-tan2( 450−𝐴)
= cosec2A
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴
(vi) sinA = ± √ 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝐴
(vii) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
- 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
= 4 cos2A
(viii) 2sin (450+A) = 1 + sin2A
2

(ix) 1 - sin2A = (cosA - sinA)2

(x) 1 - sin2A = (sinA - cosA)2
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
(xi) 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 − √1+𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝐴
(xii) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 − √1+𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝐴
= tanA
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝐴 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴
(xiii) 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴
= 1 −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴
cosA −sinA cos2A
(xiv) =
cosA+sinA 1+sin2A
 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴
(xv) tan(450 – A ) = 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝐴
2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴
(xvi) cot(A + 45° ) - tan( A- 45°) = 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝐴
(xvii) sin2A – cos2A.cos2B = sin2B – cos2B.cos2A
(xviii) cos2A + sin2A.cos2B = cos2B + sin2B.cos2A
(xix) √3 cosec200 – sec200 = 4
(xx) 𝑠𝑒𝑐40° + √3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐40° = 4
(xxi) 1 + tan4A.tan2A = sec4A
(xxii) 4 ( cos3200 + sin3100 ) = 3 ( cos200 + sin100 )
1 1
(xxiii) 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴
- 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝐴 = cosec2A
1
(xxiv) cos6A + sin6A = 4 ( 1 + 3cos22A )
1
(xxv) cos6A - sin6A = cos2A ( 1 - 4
𝑠𝑖𝑛22A )
1
(xxvi) cos6A + sin6A = 8 ( 5 + 3cos4A )
1
(xxvii) cos8A + sin8A = 1 – sin22A + sin42A
8
(xxviii) cos4A = 8 cos4A – 8.cos2A + 1
1
(xxix) cos4A = 8 ( 3+4cos2A + cos4A)
1
(xxx) sin4A = ( 3 – 4cos2A + cos4A)
8
(xxxi) sin5A = 16 sin5A – 20 sin3A+5sinA
(xxxii) 1 + cos22A = 2 ( cos4A + sin4A)
(xxxiii) 4sin3A.cos3A + 4cos3A.sin3A = 3sin4A
(xxxiv) cos3A.cos3A + sin3A.sin3A = cos32A
(xxxv) 4sinA.cos3A – 4cosA.sin3A = sin4A
(xxxvi) tanA+2tan2A+4cot4A = cotA
(xxxvii) (2cosA – 1)(2cosA +1)(2cos2A – 1)= 2cos4A +1
1 1
(xxxviii) 𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝐴 −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 - 𝑐𝑜𝑡3𝐴 −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴 = cot2A
(xxxix) 4(cos6A - sin6A) – cos32A = 3cos2A
(xl) (1+sin2A+cos2A)2 = 4cos2A(1+sin2A)
(xli) cosec2A + cot4A = cotA – cosec4A
(xlii) cot8A + cosec4A = cot2A – cosec8A
𝑠𝑒𝑐4𝐴 −1 𝑡𝑎𝑛4𝐴
(xliii) 𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝐴 −1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴
(xliv) 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 + tan (600+A) - tan (600-A) = 3tan3A
Sub-multiple angle
𝐴
1. Express sinA in terms of tan
2
𝐴
2. Write down the relation between cosA and tan
2
𝐴
3. Write down the relation between cosA and sin
2
𝐴
4. Express cosA in terms of cos
2
𝐴
5. Express cosA in terms of cos
3
𝐴
6. Express tanA in terms of in terms of tan
2
𝐴
7. Express tanA in terms of in terms of tan
3
𝐴 3
8. If cos 2 = 5, find the value of sinA, cosA and tanA.
9. Prove that:
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝐴
(i) = cot
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 2
𝐴
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 − √1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝐴
(ii) 𝐴 = tan
𝑠𝑖𝑛 − √1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 2
2
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝐴
(iii) = tan
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 2
𝐴 𝐴
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 –𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
(iv) =𝐴 𝐴
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 +𝑠𝑖𝑛
2 2
𝐴
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 1 –𝑡𝑎𝑛 2
(v) = 𝐴
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛
2
𝐴
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴+𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝐴
(vi) 𝐴 = tan
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2
2
𝐴 𝐴
𝑐𝑜𝑠 +𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
2 2
(vii) 𝐴 𝐴 =
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −𝑠𝑖𝑛 1 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
2 2
𝜋𝑐 𝐴 𝐴
(viii) 2cos2 ( – ) – 1 = sin
4 4 2
𝐴
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45°− 2 )
(ix) 𝐴 = SinA
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45°− )
2
𝐴 𝐴
(x) cot - tan = 2cotA
2 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝐴
(xi) × = tan
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 2
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝐴 2𝐴
(xii) = cot
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝐴 2
45° 45°
(xiii) cot - tan =2
2 2
𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
(xiv) tan(45° - ) =
2 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
𝐴 𝐴
(xv) cot( + 45°) - tan( - 45° ) = 2( secA – tanA )
2 2
A A
(xvi) sec(45° - ). sec(45° + ) = 2secA
2 2
𝐴−𝐵
(xvii) ( cosA - cosB )2 + ( sinA – sinB )2 = 4sin2( )
2
2 2 2 𝐴+𝐵
(xviii) ( cosA + cosB ) + ( sinA – sinB ) = 4cos ( )
2
2 2 2
(xix) ( cos2A – cos2B ) + ( sin2A – sin2B ) = 4sin (A – B)
(xx) ( cos2A + cos2B )2 + ( sin2A + sin2B )2 = 4cos2(A – B)
√3 √3+1
10. If cos330°= , prove that cos165° = - ( )
2 2√2
√3
11. If cos30°= , find the value of tan15°
2
 1 1
12. If cos45°= , find the value of sin(22 )°
√2 2
𝐴 1 1
13. If sin = ( x + ), find the value of sinA
3 2 𝑥
𝐴 1 1
14. If cos = ( x + ), find the value of cosA
3 2 𝑥
𝐴 1 1
15. If cos = ( x + ), find cosA
2 2 𝑥
𝐴 3
16. If sin = , find the value of sinA, cosA and tanA
2 5

Transformation of formulae
1. Express 2sinA.cosB in terms of sum or difference of sine and cosine
2. Express 2sinA.sinB in terms of sum or difference of sine and cosine
3. Express 2cosA.cosB in terms of sum or difference of sine and cosine
4. Express sinC + sinD in terms of product of sine and cosine
5. Express sinC - sinD in terms of product of sine and cosine
6. Express cosC + cosD in terms of product of sine and cosine
7. Express cosC - cosD in terms of product of sine and cosine
8. Find the value of :
(i) sin15°+ sin75°
(ii) sin75° − sin15°
(iii) cos105°- cos15°
(iv) sin75°.cos105°
(v) cos15°.cos75°
(vi) sin105°. sin15°
9. Prove that:
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
(i) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
= tan( 2 ).cot( 2 )
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
(ii) = - cot( ).cot( )
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 2 2
(iii) cos130⁰ + cos110⁰ + cos10⁰ = 0
(iv) sin10 ° + cos20 ° = √3 sin40°
(v) sin7A.sin3A + sin11A.sinA = sin8A.sin4A
1
(vi) sin(45°+A).sin(45°-A) = 2 cos2A
(vii) tan65° − tan25° = 2tan40°
𝑐𝑜𝑠10°−𝑠𝑖𝑛10°
(viii) 𝑐𝑜𝑠10°+𝑠𝑖𝑛10°
= tan35°
1
(ix) cosA.cos(60°-A).cos(60°+ A) = cos3A
4
1
(x) sinA.sin(60° - A).sin(60° + A) = 4 sin3A
1
(xi) cos20°.cos40°.cos60°.cos80° =
16
1
(xii) sin70°.sin130°.sin170° = 8
(xiii) (cos2A - cos2B)2 + (sin2A + sin2B)2 = 4sin2(A + B)
𝐴−𝐵
(xiv) (cosA − cosB)2 + (sinA − sinB)2 = 4 sin2 ( 2 )
𝑠𝑖𝑛18°.𝑐𝑜𝑠24° − 𝑠𝑖𝑛6°.𝑐𝑜𝑠12°
(xv) 𝑠𝑖𝑛24°.𝑠𝑖𝑛6° + 𝑐𝑜𝑠6°.𝑐𝑜𝑠36°
= tan12°
𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝐴 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
(xvi) 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
= tan2A
 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝐴 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛7𝐴
(xvii) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝐴 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠7𝐴
= cot2A
𝑠𝑖𝑛8𝐴.𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝐴.𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝐴
(xviii) 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴.𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝐴.𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝐴
= tan2A
𝐴 𝐴
(xix) sec(45° - 2 ) . sec(45° + 2 ) = 2secA
(xx) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐(45° + 𝜃) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐(45° − 𝜃) = 2𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐵
(xxi) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴.𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵.𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵
= tan(A + B)
1
(xxii) cos2A.sin4A = 32( cos6A - 2cos4A - cos2A + 2)
1
(xxiii) cos2A.sin3A = 16( 2.sinA+sin3A-sin5A)
𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋 1
(xxiv) (1 + cos8 ) (1 + cos 8 ) (1 + cos 8 ) (1 + cos 8 ) =8
𝜋 𝐴 𝜋 𝐴 1
(xxv) sin2( + ) - sin2( - ) = sinA
8 2 8 2 √2
𝜋 9𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋
(xxvi) 2cos13. cos13 + cos 13 + cos 13 = 0
1
(xxvii) cos12°cos24°cos48°cos84° = 16
𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋 3
(xxviii) cos 4 8 + cos 4 8 + cos 4 8 + cos 4 8 = 2
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵−cos(𝐴+𝐵) 𝐴 𝐵
(xxix) 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵−cos(𝐴+𝐵) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 . cot 2
3
(xxx) cos2A + cos2(A – 1200) + cos2(A + 1200) = 2

Conditional identities
1. If A+B+C = 1800, prove the following identities:
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
(i) sinA + sinB - sinC = 4.sin2 .sin 2 .cos 2
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
(ii) cosA – cosB + cosC = 4cos 2 .sin 2 cos 2 -1
(iii) cos2A - cos2B + cos2C= -4.sinA.cosB.sinC + 1
(iv) sin2A + sin2B - sin2C = 4.cosA.cosB.sinC
(v) cos4A + cos4B - cos4C = 4sin2A.sin2B.cos2C + 1
(vi) cos2A + cos2B + Cos2C =1 - 2.cosA.cosB.cosC
(vii) sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = 2 + 2.cosA.cosB.cosC
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
(viii) sin2 + sin2 - sin2 = 1 – 2.cos . cos .sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
2𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
(ix) cos 2 + cos22 + cos22 = 2 + 2.sin 2
.sin 2 .sin 2
(x) sin(A + B - C) + sin(B + C - A) + sin(C + A - B) = 4.sinA.sinB.sinC
(xi) cos(A + B - C) + cos(B + C - A) + cos(C + A - B) = 4.cosA.cosB.cosC + 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶
(xii) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵.𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶
+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴.𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴.𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
=2
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶
(xiii) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵.𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶
+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴.𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶
+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴.𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 = 2.tanA.tanB.tanC
(xiv) cosA.sinB.sinC + cosB.sinC.sinA + cosC.sinA.sinB = 1 + cosA.cosB.cosC
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝜋+𝐴 𝜋+𝐵 𝜋−𝐶
(xv) cos 2 + cos 2 - cos 2 = 4.cos 4
.cos 4 . cos 4
(xvi) tan2A + tan2B + tan2C = tan2A.tan2B.tan2C
 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
(xvii) cot 2 + cot 2 + cot2 = cot 2 .cot 2 .cot2
(xviii) cotA.cotB + cotB.cotC + cotC.cotA = 1

Trigonometric equation
1. Define trigonometric equation with example.
2. What do you mean by root (solution) of the given trigonometric equation?
3. What are the minimum and maximum values of sine function?
4. What are the minimum and maximum values of y = cosx?
5. What are the amplitude and period of sine function?
6. What are the amplitude and period of cosine function?
7. What are the amplitude and period of y = tanx?
8. Solve the following equations (00 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3600)
(i) 4sin2x = 1
(ii) 4cos2x = 3
(iii) sinx = √3 cosx
(iv) √2 sinx = tanx
(v) 4cosx = 3secx
𝑥 𝑥
(vi) 2sin2 2 + sin 2 = 1
1
(vii) 2cos2x - 2sinx =
2
(viii) 3 – 2sin2x = 3cosx
(ix) tan2x − 3 sec 𝑥 + 3 = 0
(x) secx.tanx = √2
(xi) 2√3 .sin2x = cosx
(xii) 2sinx + cotx − cosecx = 0
(xiii) tanx + cotx = 2
1
(xiv) cot2x + (√3 + ).cotx +1=0
√3
(xv) tan2x – (1 + √3 ).tanx + √3 = 0
(xvi) √3.sinx + cosx = 1
(xvii) cosx – √3.sinx = √2
1
(xviii) cosx + sinx = 1
√3
√3
(xix) √3 cotx = sinx – 1
(xx) √3 tanx = √3 secx - 1
(xxi) sin3x + sinx = sin2x
(xxii) cos3x + cosx = 2cos2x
(xxiii) cos 3𝜃 − sin 𝜃 − cos 5𝜃 = 0
1
9. Find the minimum value of (C + D), if tanC + tanD = 2 and cosC.cosD =
2
10. If √3 tanx − √3 tan(x − y) = 1 + tanx. tan(x − y), find the value of y (acute angle)
Height and distance
1. What do you mean by an angle of elevation?
2. What do you mean by an angle of depression?
3. An observer looks at the top of a tower from the top of a tree. If the tower is taller than the
tree, at which point the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is formed?
4. An observer looks at the top a pole from the top of a building. If the building is taller than the
pole, at which point the angle of depression of the top of the pole is formed?
5. An observer 1.5 m tall is 20.5 m away from a tower 22 m high. Determine the angle of elevation
of the top of the tower from the eye of the observer.
6. If a pole 6 m high casts a shadow 2√3 m long on the ground, find the Sun’s elevation.
7. An airplane is flying 1000 meters above the ground. At a particular instant, the angle of
elevation of the plane from the eyes of a boy sitting on the ground is 60°. After 10 seconds, the
angle of elevation changes to 30°. Find the distance covered by the plane during that time
assuming it travelled in a straight line. Also, find the velocity of the airplane.
8. From the top of the tower 30 m high, a man is observing the base of a tree at an angle of
depression measuring 30 degrees. Find the distance between the tree and the tower.
9. From the top of a building 30 m high, the top and bottom of a tower are observed to have
angles of depression 30° and 45° respectively. Find the height of the tower.
10. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point on the ground is 300. On walking 40m
towards the tower, the angle of elevation changes to 450. Find the height of the tower.
11. From the top of a tree, the angle of elevation of the top of a building is 450 and from the top of
the building, the angle of depression of the bottom of the tree is 600. If the height of the
building is 60m, find the height of the tree and the distance between the tree and the building.
12. From the top of a building, the angle of elevation of the top of a tower is 450 and from the top of
the tower, the angle of depression of the bottom of the building is 600. If the height of the
building is 40m, find the height of the tower and the distance between the tower and the
building.
13. When the sun’s altitude changes from 450 to 300, the shadow of a building increases by 40m.
Find the height of the building.
14. From the top of a tower, the angles of depression of two stones on the ground are found to be
450 and 300. If the two stones are 40m apart, find the height of the tower.
15. A statue stands on the top of a pillar. At a point, 40m away from the bottom of the pillar, the
pillar and the statue subtend 300 and 150 respectively. Find the length of the statue.
16. A flagstaff stands on the top of a pole. The angle of elevation of the top and the bottom of the
flagstaff from a point on the ground are 600 and 450 respectively. If the pole is 20m high, find the
length of the flagstaff.
17. The angles of elevation of the top of a tree from two points on the ground are found to be
complementary. If the two points are 81 m and 144 m from the bottom of the tree, find the
height of the tree.
18. A vertical pole AB is marked at point C such that AC:CB = 9:1 and the point B is the bottom of the
pole. If both parts subtend equal angles at a point on the ground 20m away from the bottom of
the pole, find the height of the pole.
 19. A poster hanging on a wall has a vertical height 3.66m. From a point 5m away from the wall on
the same plane, the angle of elevation of the bottom edge of the poster is found to be 300. What
will be the angle of elevation of the top edge of the poster if it is observed from the same point?
Two pillars of equal height stand on either side of a road, which is 40m wide. At a point on the
road between the pillars, the angle of elevations of the tops of the pillars are 600 and 300. Find
the height.

Linear programming
1. Maximize the objective function P = 3x + y under the following constraints :
2y ≥ x - 1, x + y ≤ 4, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
2. Maximize the objective function P(x,y) = 3x + 2y under the following constraints:
x + y ≥ 0, x - y ≤ 0, y ≤ 2, x ≥ -1
3. Minimize P = 5x+3y under the following conditions:
2x + y ≤ 20, 2x + 3y ≤ 24, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
4. Minimize L = 5x - 4y under the following constraints:
x - 2y ≤ 2, x + y ≤ 5, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

5. In the given diagram, the coordinates of A, B and C are (2,0), (4,1) and (0,5) respectively. The
shaded area is represented by four inequalities. Find all four inequalities. Also find the maximum
value of the objective function F(x,y) = 5x - 4y from the values which satisfy all the inequalities.
Quadratic function and its graph
1. Solve graphically:

(I) y = x2 and y = x + 2
(II) y = x2 and y = 3x - 2
(III) y = x2 - 4x and x - y = 0
(IV) x2 – x - 2 = 0
(V) x2 – 2x – 8 = 0
(VI) 3x2 + 5x + 2 = 0
2. Solve by substitution method:
(i) y = 6x2 - 2x - 15 and 4x – y - 3 = 0
(ii) y = x2 - 5 and 2x – y + 3 = 0
(iii) x2+y2 = 4 and x + y = 2