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Reg. No. :

Question Paper Code : 40448

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2021.

Fifth Semester

Electronics and Communication Engineering

EC 8501 – DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

(Regulations 2017)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

Answer ALL questions.

PART A — (10 × 2 = 20 marks)

1. Why the theory of information is relevant for understanding the principles of

digital communication systems?

2. A discrete memoryless source has an alphabet of eight letters, xi , i = 1,2....8,

with probabilities 0.25, 0.2, 0.15, 0.12, 0.1, 0.08, 0.05, 0.05. Determine the
entropy of the source.

3. Given the data stream 11100, sketch the transmitted sequence of pulse for the
unipolar non return to zero line code.

4. Draw the diagram of DPCM System.

5. List the properties of matched filter.

6. What do you mean by ISI?

7. Draw the constellation diagram of QPSK Modulation scheme.

8. Write the Bit error rate equation for BPSK Modulation scheme.

9. Consider a (7,4) cyclic code with Generator polynomial g ( p ) = 1 + p2 + p3 . Find

the codeword for the message 0111.

10. State channel coding theorem.

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PART B — (5 × 13 = 65 marks)

11. (a) Derive the Shannon's third theorem - channel capacity theorem and
show that the channel capacity is
 p 
C = B log 21 +  bit / s
 N o B 

Or
(b) A discrete memory less source has an alphabet of seven symbols with
probabilities [0.25, 0.0625, 0.0625, 0.25, 0.125, 0.125, 0.125]. Compute
the Huffman code for this source, moving a combined symbol as high as
possible. Compute the efficiency of the code.

12. (a) Draw the encoding patterns for NRZ-L,NRZ-I Manchester and
differential Manchester encoding techniques for the given sequences
(i) 10110110 (ii) 11000101

Or
(b) Draw the delta modulation circuit and explain its operation.

13. (a) State and Prove Nyquist criterion for distortionless transmission.

Or
(b) Consider the signal shown in Figure 1.
(i) Determine the impulse response of a filter matched to this signal
and sketch it as a function of time.
(ii) Plot the matched filter output as a function of time.
(iii) What is the peak value of the output?

Figure 1

14. (a) Derive the bit error rate for binary frequency shift keying modulation
scheme.

Or
(b) Draw the structure of Differential PSK Modulation scheme and explain
its operation.

2 40448

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15. (a) Figure 2 depicts a rate 1/2, constraint length K = 2,convolutional code.
Sketch the tree diagram, the trellis diagram and the state diagram. This
convolutional code is used for the transmission over a AWGN channel
with hard decision decoding. The output of the demodulator detector is
(101001011...). Using the viterbi algorithm, find the transmitted
sequence.

Figure. 2

Or
(b) The parity check bits of a (7,3) linear block code are generated by
c4 = d1 + d2 , c5 = d2 + d3 , c6 = d1 + d2 + d3 , c7 = d1 + d3 . where d1 , d2 and
d3 are the message digits.
(i) Find the Generator Matrix and Parity Check Matrix for this code
(ii) Find the minimum weight of this code.
(iii) Find the error correcting capabilities of this code.

PART C — (1 × 15 = 15 marks)

16. (a) An FSK system transmits binary data at the rate of 2.5 × 106 bits/sec.
During the course of transmission, white Gaussian noise of zero mean
and power spectral density 10–20W/Hz is added to the signal. In the
absence of noise, the received sinusoidal wave for digit 1 or 0 is 1 mV.
Determine the average probability of symbol error for coherent and non
coherent FSK system.

Or
(b) Determine the pulse shape for the partial response signals for the
following requirement:

− 1 n = −1

x (nT ) =  0 n = 0
 1 n =1


—————————

3 40448

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*X10365* Reg. No. :

Question Paper Code : X 10365

B.e./B.Tech. Degree Examinations, november/december 2020

Fifth Semester
Electronics and Communication Engineering
EC 8501 – Digital communication
(Regulations 2017)

Time : Three Hours Maximum : 100 Marks

Answer all questions

Part – A (10×2=20 Marks)

1. A discrete memoryless source produces four symbols whose probabilities are in

the ratio of 0.25 : 0.5 : 0.75 : 1. What is the entropy of the source ?

2. What is the channel capacity of a Gaussian channel with 1 MHz bandwidth and
signal power to noise power spectral density ratio is 104 Hz ?

3. What is meant by granular noise in a delta modulation system ? How can it be

avoided ?

4. What are line codes ? List 4 popular line codes.

5. What is meant by correlative coding ?

6. What is a matched filter ?

7. For the binary sequence 1100, sketch the waveform of QPSK together with
in-phase and quadrature components waveforms.

8. What are the three levels of synchronization needed for coherent bandpass
signaling system ? Which is not necessary for non-coherent system ?

9. What is meant by systematic block code ?

10. What is the meaning and the significance of minimum distance of a block code ?

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X 10365 -2- *X10365*

Part – B (5×13=65 Marks)

11. a) Consider that two sources X and Y emit symbols {x1, x2, x3} and {y1, y2, y3} with
the joint probability p(X, Y) as given below in matrix form :
y1 y2 y3
3 1 1 
x1 
40 40 40 
 
1 3 1 
p( x, Y ) = x 2 
 20 20 20 
 
x3  1 1 3
 8 8 8 

Calculate the entropy H(X), H(Y), H(Y/X) and H(X, Y).

(OR)
b) Consider a discrete source that emits the symbols {x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8}
with probabilities {0.48, 0.15, 0.1, 0.1, 0.07, 0.05, 0.03, 0.02}. Construct a binary
code using Shannon-Fano technique. Compute the efficiency of the code ?

12. a) Draw the block diagram of adaptive delta modulation system transmitter and
receiver with continuously variable step size and explain.
(OR)
b) Derive the expression for the power spectral density of unipolar RZ data
format.

13. a) What is modified duo-binary signaling scheme ? Draw the block diagram of
this signaling scheme and explain.
(OR)
b) Draw the block diagram of adaptive equalizer and explain with adaptive
algorithm.

14. a) Derive the expression for probability of a bit-error for coherent binary FSK
system.
(OR)
b) Discuss the generation and detection of coherent QPSK signals with neat
block diagrams.

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*X10365* -3- X 10365

15. a) The generator polynomial of a (7, 4) cyclic linear block code is given g(X) = 1+ X + X3.
Determine the code word in systematic form for the following messages :
i) 1011 and
ii) 1111.
(OR)
b) For the rate ½ convolutional encoder with G(D) = [1 1 + D + D3]
i) Draw the encoder diagram.
ii) Determine the generator matrix.
iii) For the input sequence u = 1011, find the code polynomial and code sequence.

Part – C (1×15=15 Marks)

16. a) The parity check bits v0, v1 and v2 of a (7, 4) block code are given by
v0 = u0 + u2 + u3
v1 = u0 + u1 + u2
v2 = u1 + u2 + u3

Where u0, u1, u2 and u3 are the message bits.
i) Find the generator and parity check matrices for this code in systematic
form.
ii) Find the error correcting capabilities of this code.
iii) Construct encoder circuit for this code.
(OR)
b) An analog signal having 4 kHz bandwidth is sampled at 1.5 times the Nyquist
rate and each sample is quantized into one of the 512 equally likely levels.
Assume that the successive samples are statistically independent.
i) Find the information rate of the source.
ii) Determine the minimum SNR required to transmit the output of this
source without error over an additive white Gaussian noise channel with
a bandwidth of 10 kHz.
iii) Find the bandwidth required for an additive white Gaussian noise channel
to transmit the output of this source without error if the SNR is 20dB.

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