ir mcq 4
ir mcq 4
ir mcq 4
a) Economic incentives
b) Economic sanctions
c) Military force
d) Covert operations
Answer: a.
2. The refusal to trade with Iran by many UN member states as a result of Iran’s refusal to give
up its uranium enrichment program is an example of __________.
a) Economic incentives
b) Economic sanctions
c) Propaganda
d) Persuasive diplomacy
Answer: b.
3. To combine persuasive and coercive means in foreign policy, a state might combine
____________.
4. If in response to North Korean aggression at the South Korean border the US were to move
an aircraft carrier into the Sea of Japan off the North Korean coast, the United States would be
utilizing ___________.
b) coercive diplomacy
c) covert operations
d) sanctions
Answer: b.
5. West Germany extended very substantial economic aid to the Soviet Union to help facilitate
Soviet acceptance in 1990 of the absorption of East Germany into West Germany. Into which
category can this strategy be classified?
a) Propaganda
b) Cyber operation
c) Economic sanctions
d) Economic incentives
Answer: d.
6. Which of these incidents shows the use of diplomacy to influence public opinion?
a) In late 2011 and early 2012, the United States and member countries of the European Union
began a boycott of purchases of oil from Iran.
b) The 5 permanent members of the United Nations along with Germany sought to persuade
Iran to accept limitations on its nuclear activities.
c) Al Jazeera, a state-funded broadcaster from Qatar, launched an English channel service called
Al Jazeera English to engage in debates on international affairs.
d) The European Union has provided economic assistance to Greece under the condition that it
undertakes internal reforms to become self-supporting in the future.
Answer: c.
7. RT is an international television network launched in 2005 with the goal of improving the
image of Russia abroad. Into which category can this strategy be classified?
a) Diplomacy
b) Propaganda
c) Covert Operations
d) Economic sanctions
Answer: a.
8. Country A threatens Country B with some form of economic loss if Country B does
something Country A does not want it to do. Into which category can this strategy be classified?
a) Diplomacy
b) Propaganda
c) Covert Operations
d) Economic sanctions
Answer: d.
a) Diplomacy
b) Propaganda
c) Cyber operation
d) Covert operation
Answer: a.
10. Nazi Germany relied on a Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda to produce
documents and posters glorifying Germany’s accomplishments and belittling its adversaries. Into
which category can this strategy be classified?
a) Incentive
b) Propaganda
c) Economic sanction
d) Coercive diplomacy
Answer: b.
11. In May 2011, the United States found and attacked the leader of non-state actor Al Qaeda,
Osama bin Laden. Into which category can this strategy be classified?
a) Cyber operation
b) Covert operation
c) Military retaliation
d) Coercive diplomacy
Answer: b.
12. Which of these terms describes the use or manipulation of information on the internet to
advance foreign policy interests?
a) Cyber operation
b) Covert operation
c) Economic sanction
d) Coercive diplomacy
Answer: a.
13. An operative of the North Korean government hacked into the files of Sony Pictures and
publicized its personal information. The objective was to force Sony to reconsider launching its film
The Interview, a movie about a plot to assassinate the North Korean leader. Into which category can
this act be classified?
a) Incentive
b) Propaganda
c) Cyber operation
d) Covert operation
Answer: c.
14. A superpower deploys its naval forces close to the waters of a rival country to signal to it that
violence might be used unless it addresses the issue of its nuclear weapons and ballistic missile
programs. Into which category can this act be classified?
a) Cyber operation
b) Covert operation
c) Military retaliation
d) Coercive diplomacy
Answer: d.
15. Ethnically North African French citizens’ forming an organization to pressure French
politicians to provide North African countries with foreign aid is an example of the influence of
____________.
a) coercive diplomacy
b) persuasive diplomacy
c) propaganda
d) interest groups
Answer: d.
16. Which of the following is the best example of an effect on a state’s foreign policy due to
international factors or issues?
a) Saddam Hussein’s feelings of omnipotence encouraging him to seize Kuwait and face the
military response of the UN
b) The pressure from an upcoming election forcing an incumbent administration to alter its
foreign policy
c) A global economic crisis forcing a state to reevaluate its overseas investments and alliances
d) Foreign affairs news media inciting public pressure on a state’s diplomats, resulting in a
change of foreign policy
Answer: c.
17. Which of the following is the best example of an influence on foreign policy at the individual
level-of-analysis?
a) Mikhail Gorbachev succeeding Konstantin Chernenko, resulting in the pursuit of glasnost and
perestroika.
b) AIPAC (interest group) pressuring President Barack Obama to take a hard line with Syria.
c) Proximity to North Korea forcing President Park Geun-hye to maintain a heavily militarized
border.
d) Economic sanctions forcing Iranian President Hassan Rouhani to agree to negotiate with
foreign leaders about Iran’s nuclear program.
Answer: a.
19. Who is the key actor in the foreign policy process of the United States?
a) The Governor
b) The President
20. What type of leadership does Xi Jinping, the President of China, show?
a) Collective
b) Autocratic
c) Democratic
d) Participative
Answer: b.
21. David Cameron was forced to resign as he wanted the United Kingdom to remain with the
European Union while most of the citizens supported Brexit. What does this incident depict?
b) The role of the opposition party in shaping the country’s foreign policy
22. What was the reason why the US public initially support the Vietnam War but later turned
against it?
a) Saddam Hussein refused to give up his illegal possession of Kuwait under pressure from the
United States and the United Kingdom and suffered a significant military defeat.
b) In 1983, a car bomb killed over 200 Marines in Lebanon which led the administration of the
United States under Ronald Reagan to remove its peacekeeping force out of Lebanon.
c) The government of the United States and United Kingdom did not intervene in Syria’s civil
war as the majority of the public in each of these countries voted that the countries stay out of the
foreign war.
d) Fidel Castro of Cuba became a more popular leader after the Bay of Pigs invasion of 1961
because he was perceived as having stood up for Cuba against external aggression by the United
States.
Answer: d.
24. Who are the individuals and organizations who report or comment on foreign developments
in the print media, on television, over radio, and through internet?
a) International media
b) Internet media
c) National media
25. What is the term used to denote the process by which media participants select or present
particular elements of a news story in such a way as to influence the opinions of recipients of the
story?
a) Framing
b) Publishing
c) Promotion
d) Media Literacy
Answer: a.
26. In which type of government does the media play a large role?
a) Fascism
b) Monarchy
c) Democracy
d) Dictatorship
Answer: c.
27. Which leader of the Soviet Union developed a close relationship with US President Ronald
Reagan with an intent to transform Soviet foreign policy?
a) Joseph Stalin
b) Vladimir Lenin
c) Georgy Malenkov
d) Mikhail Gorbachev
Answer: d.
28. Which strategy did Roosevelt pursue so as to fully engage with other states through
institutionalized arrangements for maintaining world security and promoting global economic
prosperity?
a) Neutrality
b) Alignment
c) Interventionism
d) Internationalism
Answer: d.
29. Which of these NGOs employed small boats and a helicopter to interfere with illegal
operations of large whaling ships?
a) Greenpeace
30. Which of these is evidence that internationally active NGOs have shaped foreign policies?
a) Prior to the Great Depression, government leaders in the United States, Canada, the United
Kingdom, Germany, and other industrialized countries mostly subscribed to laissez-faire economic
ideas..
b) Oxfam pursues projects in poor countries to fight poverty and injustice and advocates for
better foreign aid policies by wealthy donor countries.
c) Established in 1961, World Wildlife Foundation has created and maintained National Parks
and Reserves for the protection of wildlife in countries across the world.
d) During the 1990s, many NGOs supported the International Campaign to Ban Landmines led
by Jody Williams and publicized the way innocent civilians were killed by anti-personnel landmines.
Answer: d.
31. Which of these theories would lead us to expect that national communities may sometimes be
jarred out of ideas about their foreign policy by an external shock?
a) Realism
b) Marxism
c) Liberalism
d) Constructivism
Answer: d.
32. Prior to the Great Depression, government leaders in the United States, Canada, the United
Kingdom, Germany, and other industrialized countries mostly subscribed to laissez-faire economic
ideas. What did this mean?
b) Government should not interfere with market dynamics, either at home or in the
international sphere.
d) Government must not interfere with market dynamics at home, but control them in the
international sphere.
Answer: b.
33. During the 1920s and 1930s, the US realized that its policy of political isolation enabled Nazi
Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan to pursue aggression. That’s when it decided to shift its
strategy to that of internationalism. What did this mean?
a) The US would collaborate with a few powerful states to ensure mutual economic and
political benefits.
b) The US would fully engage with other states through an institutionalized arrangement to
maintain security.
c) The US would annex international territories to establish its dominance over existing
aggressive powers.
d) The US would develop strategies directed at curbing international aggressive powers through
war.
Answer: b.
34. Leaders play a key role in crafting foreign policy, so changes in leadership can bring about
changes in foreign policy. Which of these historical events support this statement?
a) Soviet leaders from Joseph Stalin to Leonid Brezhnev maintained iron-fisted control over
Eastern Europe.
b) Mao Zedong was committed to making China communist, powerful, and independent
through high state control over national economy.
c) Deng Xiaoping transformed China’s economic and foreign policies toward following a more
pragmatic strategy.
d) The amount of change that Trump is likely to bring into effect in postwar US foreign policy
remains to be seen.
Answer: c.
35. Germany has had an eventful history that has finally led to its current role as a loyal and
important member of organizations like NATO and EU. If we reflect on the German case, which of
these key points can be inferred?
b) The level of international cooperation a state shows depends on how much it is invited to do
so.
c) Internal affairs of a state must be left to the state to deal with, and other states must not
interfere in them.
d) The most effective ‘new’ leaders retain what works for a state and transform what does not.
Answer: a.