LESSON 2

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HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN SUMERIAN SAIL BOAT - The sailboat is primarily

invented to help people of Sumerian to travel their


WHICH SOCIAL trade efficiently to other countries. The sailboat is
CONSIDERATIONS CHANGED simple in design, the sails were square in shape and
made of cloth. The angle and direction of the sails
THE COURSE OF SCIENCE AND is fixed if the wind blows in the direction that the
TECHNOLOGY sailboats desired to go.

WHEEL OF SUMARIAN - The Sumerian was


INTRODUCTION invented in the fourth millennium BC The first
wheels were potter’s wheel were not used for
An antecedent is described as a precursor to the transportation known as Tourettes or slow wheels ,
unfolding of life. Historical backgrounds in later used as transportation.
science and technology paved the way for
advanced and sophisticated advancements in ROADS - the sumerian road which made up of
science and technology that may everyone enjoys meticulous brick making skills forming identical
today and live in comfort life. Although we could mud bricks for building the roads were made from
not deny that problems on transportation, aggregates stones that compacted down created a
communication, foods, security and the like may strong stable and long lasting surface. these roads
still prevail up to this time in the society , the demonstrated strength it could support the
development of science during ancient , middle marching of hundreds soldiers and carts laden with
ages and modern ages will provide more supplies. the purpose of building roads was to
information on changes that led to the increase the speed of travelling, trading and
development of science and technology. transporting food, goods, water and live stock.

IN THE WORLD: ANCIENT, MIDDLE AND THE GREAT ZIGGURAT OF URUK - It was built as a
MODERN AGES place of worship dedicated to the moon god Nanna
in the Sumerian City of Ur an ancient
Mesopotamia. Traditionally it symbolizes a link
➔ ANCIENT TIME – ancient history covers
between the gods and the human kind. It is also
the period 3000BC -AD 500.
served practically as shelter from floods for more
➔ MIDDLE AGES – began around 476 A.D
than 4,000 years , the ziggurat is still well today
may span roughly 1,000 years ending
and intactly preserved . A ziggurat is a type of
between 1400 and 1450.
massive stone structure resembling pyramids and
➔ MODERN AGES – It is also referred to as
featuring terraced levels and accessible only by way
Modernity, is the post Medieval area,
of stairways.
beginning 1500 to present, wide span of
time marked in part by technological
innovations, urbanization, scientific EGYPTIANS CIVILIZATION
discoveries and globalization.
➔ Egyptians medicine was often times a trial
The first Inklings of Science (From and error at the beginning of Ancient time.
➔ Egyptians doctors learned that if you
Ancient Times to 606 B.C)
covered an open wound with moldy bread,
the wound heal quickly. This findings
IN THE ANCIENT TIME affirmed that certain bread mold produces
penicillin, a chemical that kills germs that
1. SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION infect wounds
➔ Modern science discovered that certain
CUNEIFORM PROPER - It is a logo syllabic script bread molds produce penicillin, a chemical
that was used to write several languages of the that kills germs that infect wounds.
Ancient Near East and their literature works such ➔ Egyptian doctors promoted seeds of
as the Epic of Gilgamesh The shape of the poppy for pain reliever because it contains
cuneiform is wedge shaped and mounted on a clay both morphine and codeine
envelopes, the ancient people wrote their writing
in the cuneiform using the stylus. The cuneiform is PAPYRUS – an ancient form of paper , made from a
developed to keep track of their transactions and plant of the same name. As early as 3.000BC.
used in their religious cultural and artistic Egyptian formed a paper named as Papyrus.
practices. Papyrus is a thick type of paper made from the pith
of the papyrus plant, the Cyperus papyrus.
THE URUC CITY - the uruk for today is known as - Papyrus can also refer to a document
warka today, the city in the ancient near east, the written on the sheets. The papyrus was
first major city in sumerian built in the 5th century joined together side by side and rolled into
bc, the larget sumerian settlements and the a scroll and served as the early form of
religious centers in mesopotamia uruk as one of book of the Egyptian. The invention of the
the oldest cities in the world its communal works ancient form of paper revolutionized the
includes the temples and canals for irrigation. uruk way the information was transmitted from
a true city dominated by monumental brick person to generation, communication is
buildings decorated with mosaics. done smoothly compared to clay tablets or
smooth rocks been used by Egyptians,
IRRIGATION - The Sumerians built an advanced Sumerians and other races.
irrigation system using the Egyptian Technology to
sustain the water supply of their farms and protect The Poppy seeds brought the Egyptian doctors
the fields from floods. This is to protect their farms being respected locally and internationally.
with silt.
EGYPTIAN WIG - is predominantly worn by the techniques and materials with creative design to
elite of Egyptian society, which served as dual produce a whole range of brand need architectural
purpose. The wearing of wig signified high rank in structure. The innovative buildings include the
Egypt’s and helped protect shaven calps ( a sign of basilica , monumental aqueduct, amphitheater and
mobility ) from the sun. The wigs which is called as residential housing block. The striking features of
Nubian wigs also helped maintain hygiene levels by Roman architecture were the elements used ,
reducing the incidence of head lice. innovated and executed by them. They focused
innately on the elements they used in architecture
THE WATER CLOCK AS CLEPYSDRA - The ancient like vaults, domes, columns and arches, They used
is a device for measuring time by the gradual flow stones, wood, marble and materials such as bricks
of water. It is made up of stone , copper or pottery. and glass which allowed the buildings to stand
It has 12 carved columns of 11 false holes, that
corresponds hours of the night. The water flowed THE ROMAN NUMERALS - The Roman numeral is
through a very small holes The clock was used by any of the symbols used in a system of numerical
the priests to determine the time at night so that notation based on the Ancient Roman system
the temple rites and sacrifices could be performed
at the correct hour. The clock may be used also in THE CHINESE CIVILIZATION
day light.
THE SILK INDUSTRY - The production of silk
HIEROGLYPHICS EGYPTIA - Hieroglyphics uses originated in Neolithic China within the Yangshao
pictures but it was not demonstrated in writing. It culture(4th millennium BC) . China maintained its
signifies sounds in the Ancient Egyptian language , virtual monopoly over silk production for another
just as the characters in the Roman Alphabet. thousand years ago. The use of silk within China
Ancient Egyptians began writing with ink made by was not confined to clothing alone, the silk was use
burning wood or oil and the concoction was mixed for a number of applications such as writing within
with water around 3200 BC. The ink is made of two clothing , the color of silk worn also held social
key parts the pigment and the carrier . The importance and formed an important guide of
pigment is the dye itself and what is delivered by social class during the Tang dynasty.
the vessel to the printing medium. THE GUN POWDER - Taoist alchemists combined
sulphur, saltpetre an charcoal in making the
COSMETICS EGYPTIAN - Cosmetics make up was earliest form of gunpowder, during the eight
one of the inventions that the Egyptians made . century. It was used to kill insects and treat skin
They invented eye make up in 4000 BCE to give diseases and lately in fireworks and rockets.
them protection from the sun and to imitate the
impressive look of the gods. They combined soot COMPASS - In ancient China the compass was first
with a lead called galena to make the ointment used for worship, fortune-telling and geomancy
Kohl. The importance of cosmetics in the art of aligning buildings in the late 11th century
and early 12 the century, Chinase sailors adopted
Egyptian are the following: the compass for astronomical and terrestrial
- Served as protective shield against navigation leading in improving the trade
malevolent spirits and diseases
- Essential part of religious rituals THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA - The Great Wall is
- The Ancient Egyptians regarded beauty as known as one of the seven construction wonders in
a sign of holiness, they believed that the the world for its massive construction size an its
makeup was next to godliness. unique architectural style. The builders were
composed of a great army of manpower, soldiers ,
THE ROMAN CIVILIZATION prisoners and local people. The Great Wall is the
longest man made structure which is over 21,000
NEWSPAPER OF ROMANS - The Acta Diurna , also kilometers long, an average height and width of
called Populi Acta Publica and simply Acta or about six to eight meters . The travelers would take
Diurna in ancient Rome was a sort of daily gazette , three to 6 months to walk along the section of the
containing an officially authorized narrative of wall.
noteworthy events at Rome. The Acta Diurna
shared gossip. It provides information on events TEA PRODUCTION - The tea started in China
and contained birth and death announcement and around 2750 BC.The tea may first have been
human interest stories. consumed in China as a beverage as early as 4,000
years ago and by the classical area the tea was
ROMANS BOUND BOOKS OR CODEX - The served as a refreshing stimulant and facilitated
Romans streamlined the medium by creating the Buddhist meditation. The Chinese tea production
codex, a stack of bound pages that Is recognize as followed the process prescribed by Lu Yu The tea
the earliest incarnation of the book. The first leaves were first steamed , grinded using the
codices were made of bound box wax tablets, but mortar and pestle, shaped into cake before dried
these were later replaced by animal skin parchment and strung with reed or bamboo then the tea is
that more clearly resembled pages. These roman cooked in a brazier.
books provide important historical accounts of
Rome and established the stories of classical The Science begins to Emerge ( 600 BC
civilization , the culture is seen as the foundation of
to 500 A.D)
modern civilization.

ROMAN ARCHITECTURE - The Ancient Roman THE GREEKS


architecture is seen as part of classical architecture - As far as historians can tell the first true
and generally builds off of the three classical orders scientists were the Ancient Greeks
Ionic, Corinthian and Doric The Romans were
innovators and combined new construction THALES - Thales studied the heavens and tried to
develop a unifying terms that explain the
movement of the heavenly bodies (the planets and
the stars) THE PRINTING PRESS - The German goldsmith
- He predicted certain planetary event , he Johannes Gutenberg was able to inventhe printing
predicted the short term disappearance of press around 1436. The printing press is a
the sun. mechanical device described as movable type
- The prediction he made is actually what printing which allowed the medieval people to
we called today is a SOLAR ECLIPSE - an share large amounts of information quickly and in a
event in which the moon moves between huge numbers, quickened the spread of knowledge
the earth and the sun, mostly blocking the , discoveries and literacy in Renaissance Europe,
sun from view. the printing revolution also contributed mighty to
the Protestant Reformation that split apart the
ANAXIMANDER - was interested in the study of Catholic church.
life. He was the first scientist who concluded that
all life began in the sea and some sort of a fish. His THE MEDIEVAL MICROSCOPE - With the massive
idea was later resurrected by other scientists , migration and urbanization , people transferred to
most notably Charles Darwin and is today called polluted area there was a massive spread of various
evolution, illnesses an diseases, to address these problems a
- Anaximenes however, believed that all device that could magnify things visible to the eye
things were constructed of air since what was invented , the microscope. The history of the
he knew that air was the most basic microscopy began in the middle ages , the first
substance in nature. microscope invented was credited to Zacharias
- His ideas led to the introduction of the Janssen , the making of the earliest compound
Greeks concept on that things in nature is microscope which has two lenses.
made by single substance ATOMS.
TELESCOPE - Since the Middle Ages was also
LEUCIPPUS - a Greek scientist who lived up to 150 known as the Age of Exploration , the need for
years further developed the concepts of Atoms that nautical inventions was high. The invention of the
all matter is composed of little unit known as telescope an optical instrument that helps in the
atoms, he was named as the Father of Atomic observation of remote objects was a great help for
Theory . navigators during this time together with the
invention of compass, oars and rudders that made
DEMOCRITUS - believed that all matter was similar sea traveling easier and faster. The first telescope
to sand. Even though a piece of wood appears to be were created in the netherlands in 1608 The first
solid, it is in fact made up of little individual person to apply a patent for a Telescope was a
particles which he called it ATOMS. Democritus Dutch eyeglass marker Hans Lippershey , laid a
was not well as accepted in his time, but later claim to a device that could magnify objects three
scientists utilized his ideas and modified them. times The telescope had a concave eyepiece
aligned with a convex objective lens, used to form
magnified images of distant objects
Two Recognized Novel Greek Scientists
were: MEDIEVAL WEAPONS - “War weapons” Since wars
were widespread during the Middle Ages , the great
ARISTOTLE - The father of the life sciences who developments in the weaponry technology was
wrote volumes of works on many things. Including shown, Swordsmiths in Northern Europe
Philosophy , mathematics, logics and physics. discovered a method of sword making (now called
- He was the first to make a large scale pattern welding) the swords were made of various
attempt with the classification of animal pieces of Iron or steel rods of different hardness
and plants. were combined by twisting and folding together.
- Although Aristotle is noted to contribute The weapons includes offensive and defensive
large studies n science not all the ideas instruments, these are cross bows and long bows,
were without flaw . One was his idea on high walls and fortress, iron body armors and
spontaneous generation, he believed that chainmail The sword places first on the list of the
living things spontaneously formed from most important weapons in the middle age.
nonliving things.

ARCHIMEDES - He was one of the scientists who


demonstrated how closely science and THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE STALLS
mathematics. He was best known for his works on FOR A WHILE ( 500AD to 1000 (A.D )
fluid. He was the first to show how fluid may float
or not in liquid. ➔ The Roman Empire had a great deal of
influence throughout the world.
THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD (FROM ➔ Rome disliked science much, did not mind
500-1500 AD) inventions especially those that made
work productive, but a little use for the
➔ The start of the middle ages was marred explaining the world around us. As a result
by massive inventions and migrations. the real science was actively discouraged
Great technology was needed in the field at most part of the world.
of weaponry navigation, mass food and
farm and production including health ALCHEMY - is one of the best examples in which
that’s why the most innovative minds came science been recognized in this era. The Alchemists
from this period. Some of the most were the most wanted to find a means by which
innovative were the Printing Press, lead could be transformed into gold. The
microscope , weapons, telescope and the alchemists began mixing and recording , many
like. interested things were observed , they mixed
mixtures and did the process in trial and error . - It also prevented illnesses caused by
They never tried to use their observations to harmful bacteria.
conclude about natural works, instead they were - The most common method of
content to just write their observations and move pasteurization in US is High Temperature
to the next experiment searching for the next Short Time (HTST) pasteurization which
substance they could make. uses metal plates and hot water to raise
milk temperature to at least 1610
Science thrives on the free exchange of ideas from
one scientist to another , this put another road PETROLEUM REFINERY - The Petroleum refineries
block for the science progress. Many historians convert (refine) crude oil into petroleum products
refer to this period as the DARK AGES. The for use as fuels for transportation, heating , paving
progress in science depends on scientists, roads, generating electricity and as feedstocks for
government and culture. Still the progress in making chemicals. Refining breaks cruel down into
science not quite observed, due to Romans its various components which are selectively
remained active in discouraging science . The reconfigured into new products Petroleum is
Roman empire preferred to concentrate on required to transform crude oil into useful
inventions, the crumbling government caused products such as liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)
trade and communications to become more gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel , diesel oil and fuel oil.
difficult scientific progress slowed even more.
● Both Arabs and Chinese during this time TELEPHONE - The more people got connected by
period were involved in making careful trade and exploration , the more they needed a way
studies of the heavens. They made to easily maintain these connections and
observations that were much more communicate in real time, Thus the development of
detailed and precise than those of the the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell was one of
Greek Scientists. the most important inventions at that time.
- A TELEPHONE is an instrument designed
CHINESE RECORDS FROM 1054 A. D include for the simultaneous transmission and
detailed observations of a phenomenon that reception of the human voice These
Chinese scientist called a guest star in the heavens, communication devices are among the
They recorded in 1054 that a star that had not been most important technological devices of
seen before suddenly appeared in a certain our life time these are mobile phone ,
constellation. cellular portable phones. Many businesses
- Modern scientists have been able to use benefited from the advancements in
those observations to determine that the communication.
Chinese had seen a supernova, which is
actually the explosion of a star. The THE CALCULATOR - Paschal’s Invention of
observations were so detailed that modern mechanical calculator in the early 1640 was born
scientists were able to look at the same out of desire to help his father in collecting taxes.
part of the night sky and when they did , He was the second person own to have created
they found a cloud of dust and gas, called a device of this kind, the first was the name of
nebula. Based on these facts , modern Schicakrd in 1624 Although an earlier version of
scientists now believe that nebula is calculator had already been developed , modern
formed by the explosion of the star. times required a faster way to compute more
complicated computations Thus computing devices
ROBERT GROSSETTESTE - He was a bishop in the must be easy to carry for day to day basis. The
Roman Catholic in the early 1200s A.D. He creation of modern calculators resulted in the
proposed the idea that the secrets of the natural development of more complex machinery the
world could be learned by discovering the laws that computer .
God had set in motion.He wanted to explain why
things happened the way they did. THE COMPUTER - The first computers were used
- He Was The Father Of Scientific Method, primarily for numerical calculations .however, as
because he was the first to thoroughly use any information can be numerically encoded
and explain. people soon realized that computers are capable of
THE MODERN TIMES 1500 to the general purpose information.
present THE RENAISSANCE The GOLDEN AGE
OF SCIENCE (1500 AD to 1600 A.D)
PASTEURIZATION - The challenge to keep
manufactured food from deteriorating was greater NICOLAUS COPERNICUS - Copernicus believed
for dairy products, especially milk, since they spoil Ptolemy’s view of the universe was wrong
faster. Copernicus placed the sun at the center of
- To prevent food poisoning and other everything and assumed that the planets (including
related illnesses , Louis Pasteur , a French the Earth) traveled around the sun.
scientist , found a way to solve the - This views was called the heliocentric
problem , He invented the process of system or Copernican System in honor of
pasteurization Copernicus.
- Pasteurization is the process of heating ANDREAS VESALIUS - He published a Book on 1543,
dairy products to kill the harmful bacteria the book contains the detailed part of the Human
that allow them to spoil faster. It is Body, The organs were clearly illustrated especially
intended to make milk and milk products the muscles and bones. This book led to knowing
safe by destroying all the vegetative how the medicine is taught.
pathogenic organisms Through the
process milk could be stored and BLAIZE PASCAL - He spent an enormous time in
consumed for a longer period studying the air and liquids * He demonstrated that
the air we breathe exerts pressure on everything “ scientists since their studies were based
now we called it as ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. on the data and results from the former
- He demonstrated the PASCAL LAW The scientists.
science behind the law allowed us to ➔ Increased scientific knowledge , led to the
develop hydraulic lifts, like the lift a invention of many devices that turned
mechanic uses to raise a car so he can get hours of manual labor into just a few
underneath minutes of work, The changed led to
making of so many inventions and this
ERA OF NEWTON ( 1660 A.D to 1735 A.) mark the period in history .

➔ Newton wrote most of his revolutionary THE BIRTH OF INDUSTRIAL


work in three volume – The Principia REVOLUTIONS
➔ The First Volume , laid down his three laws
of motion, The Law of Inertia, Law of CAROLUS LINNAEUS - His works on classification
Acceleration and Law of Interaction marked the beginning of the Enlightenment
➔ The Second Volume of the Principia .because it revolutionized the study of living things.
Newton built on the work of Pascual and - The basic classification scheme proposed
added many details to the understanding by Linnaeus is still used today the
of the motion of fluids scientific name consists of genus and
➔ The Third volume Laid down his universal species Carolus Linnaeus = Father of
law of gravitation Modern Classification “The Binomial
➔ Newton used detailed experiments and System
observations to show that gravity was the - The Scientific Name: genus and species
cause of both effects. Man scientific name : Homo sapiens Homo
➔ The same gravity that attracts objects to is the genus, sapiens wise
the earth (making them fall)also keeps the
planets in their orbits around the sun, ANTOINE LAVOISER - The father of modern
➔ Newton also developed detailed chemistry , he was the instrument of renaming
mathematical equations and still oxygen , the gas which combine with fuel to form
considered accurate to this day. combustion
- He was the first to analyze chemical
1. The first law also called as LAW OF INERTIA reactions in a systematic way, and he was
states that a object continues in its state of rest or the first to realize that matter cannot be
of uniform motion unless compelled to change the destroyed or created, can be transformed
state by an external force. to another form. This is known as the Law
of Mass Conservation.
2. THE SECOND LAW OF MOTION states that if a - He was also the first to properly explain
net force acts on an object , it will cause combustion which is the process burning,.
acceleration of the object, the law addresses the Antoine Lavoisier Father of Modern
cause and effect relationship between force and Chemistry He disproved the Phlogiston
motion. F=ma Theory , he renamed the dephlogisticated
air oxygen, when he realized that oxygen
3. The Third Law of motion States that when two was the part of air that the oxygen was the
bodies attract , they apply forces to one another part of air that combines with substances
that are equal in magnitude and opposite in as they burn the process is combustion,
direction also known as THE LAW OF ACTION AND Lavoisier work on this made him Father of
REACTION. Modern Chemistry.

ROBERT BOYLE - The founder of modern


THE REST OF THE NINETEENTH
chemistry contemporary of Newton He did any
experiments with gas , like Boyle’s Law CENTURY(1820 A.D to 1900)

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK - The Father of LOUIS PASTEUR - He destroyed the idea of
microscopy, invented the First microscope where spontaneous generation
he was able to examine the different - He made great advances in the study of
microorganisms. bacteria and the like
- He demonstrated experimentally that
fermented beverages resulted from the
THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE
action of living yeast (transforming glucose
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ( 1735 into ethanol )
A.D-1820 A.D) - He concluded that fermentation is vital
process, he defined it as respiration
➔ The age of Enlightenment Period , was a without air (Anaerobic respiration,)
intellectual movement developed mainly in - In his discovery of microbes were
France, Britain and Germany which responsible for souring alcohol ,came up
advocated freedom, democracy and reason the process of pasteurization where
as the primary values of society. bacteria are destroyed by heating
➔ Utmost importance of increasing beverages and then allowing them to cool.
efficiency of transportation, His work in germ theory also led him and
communication, and production his team created vaccination on anthrax
➔ Industrialization took place with greater - His experiment on Pasteurization
risk in human heath food safety and contributed to the improvement of science
environment.
➔ The scientific community should critically
analyze the works of the previous
- He developed the process of ★ 1928-1948: Alexander Fleming discovered
Pasteurization , the process of Penicillin
fermentation in making wine, vinegar etc. ★ 1932 : Chadwick discovered neutron
- Father of Bacteriology ★ 1938 : Electroshock therapy was
introduced
★ 1947 : Transistor was invented
★ 1972-1985 : CT Scan and MRI were
GREGOR MENDEL - He was a Augustinian monk. introduced
Father of Genetics ★ 1979 : cellular phones, radio, telephone
- He devotedly develop much of his life in system were introduced
the study of reproduction. ★ 1982 : human growth hormone was
- The entire field of modern genetics which genetically engineered
studies how leads are passed on from ★ 1885 : Microsoft windows were introduced
parents to offspring is based on his work. ★ 1988 : Digital cellular phones were
introduced
MICHAEL FARADAY - It in this period in History in ★ 1992 ; smart pill
which science developed a much better ★ 1993 : Pentium processor
understanding of electricity and magnetism ★ 1995 : Java computer language
- Faraday’s experiments and ideas about ★ 1998 : Viagra was invented
electricity earned him the title of The
electrical giant THE PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS
JAMES CLERK MAXWELL - He is known as the
founder of modern Physics , he contributed on the ➔ Despite being considered as developing
development of the mathematical equations that country , the Philippines also contributes
showed Faraday was right that electricity and to the global advancement of science and
magnetism are both different aspects of the same technology. Many inventions and
phenomenon now called electromagnetism. discoveries of Filipinos were built from
indigenous materials more created to
JAMES JOULE - He determined that like matter, adapt to the harsh tropical environment.
energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only
change forms,. 1. SALAMANDER AMPHIBOUS TRICYCLE - Due to
- This now known as Law of flooding during rainy season, it is very difficult for
Thermodynamics , the guiding principle in tricycles to transverse the streets
the study of energy - To remedy the issue, H20 Technologies
headed by Dominic N. Chung and
Lamberto Armada , together with Chief
THE MODERN SCIENCE ( 1900 A.D. TO Designer Victor “Atoy” Llave was able to
THE PRESENT) invent the Salamander an amphibian
tricycle.
MAX PLANCK - He proposed an idea that matter
exists in tiny packets called atoms, energy exists in 2. SALT LAMP - Electrification is one of the urgent
tiny packets which he called as quanta. needs of a developing country like the Philippines
- You can give one packet of energy to an - Fortunately a young Filipina Aisa Mijeno
object, or you can give two packets of was able to invent a lighting system that
energy to an object . However you cannot utilizes a material abundant to the
give an object any amount of energy in Philippine saltwater.
between one and two packets. - She invented the Sustainable Alternative
- With his lot of evidence for his ideas, this Lighting (SALT)lamp, an eco-friendly light
led to the acceptance of the scientific source that runs on salt water.
community the QUANTUM MECHANICS
3. E-JEEPNEY - The jeepney dominated the
ALBERT EINSTEIN - Einstein used Plank’s idea of Philippine streets and is considered as the primary
energy quanta to explain a problem called the mode of transportation.
photoelectric effect could not be explained by - However , the diesel powered jeepney
Newton’s laws of motion but could be easily produces large quantities of black smoke
explained by Planck ideas about the energy quanta. and is a contributory to pollution
- To countered these disadvantages, the
NEIL BOHR - Bohr developed the Bohr Model . This electric jeepney (e-jeepney) was developed
model of the atom is based on solid mathematics which powered
and it required the assumption that energy comes
on small packets 4. BAMBOO INCUBATOR
- Using the Bohr model many of the
mysteries of the atom were revealed.

OTHER SIGNIFICANT DISCOVERIES


★ 1907 : Radiometric dating discoveries that
the earth is 2.2 billion years
★ 1915 : Einstein announced the general
theory of relativity
★ 1915 ; Pellagra was discovered to be a
dietary disease
★ 1924 : Hubble identified new galaxy
★ 1927 : Big Bang theory

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