5. AG31007_TDME_Gear Drives

Gear Drives
GEARS
Gears are defined as toothed wheels or multilobed
cams, which transmit power and motion from one shaft
to another by means of successive engagement of teeth.
Advantages of Gear Drives
1. It is positive drive – Velocity ratio remains constant
2. These are very compact
3. Transmits large power
4. Higher efficiency
Disadvantages of Gear Drives
1. Higher initial and maintenance cost
2. Complicated manufacturing process
3. Require precise alignment of the shafts
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Gear Drives
Classification of Gears
Gears are classified based on the position of shaft axes
1. Parallel Shafts: Planar and Parallel Axes
1. Spur gears: Straight teeth parallel to the axes.
They don’t subject to axial thrust loads. High stress
and noise operation are the limitations due to
sudden loading
2. Helical gears: Similar to spur gears except the teeth
are at an angle known as helix angle. Creates axial
thrust. The load is applied gradually therefore the
induced stress is less and the operation is smooth in
helical gears.
3. Double helical gears: Consist of teeth having a
right and a left hand helix cut on the same blank.
The axial thrust is eliminated hence the operation is
smooth. In Herringbone gear, the left and right
inclinations meet at a common apex with no
groove.
Gear Drives
Gears are classified based on the position of
shaft axes
2. Intersecting Shafts : Planar and
Intersecting Axes
1. Straight bevel gears: The teeth are straight
but the shafts axes intersect with each other
with an angle. Gears of the same size
mounted on shafts with right angle are
called as mitre gears.
2. Spiral bevel gears: Similar to bevel gears
except the teeth are inclined at an angle.
There is an axial thrust. These are mostly
used in differential of an automobile.
3. Zero bevel gears: Spiral bevel gears with
zero spiral angle and curved teeth
Gear Drives
Gears are classified based on the position of
shaft axes
3. Skew Shafts: Non planar and Non-
Intersecting
1. Crossed helical gears or Spiral gears:
These are limited to light loads. These gears
are used in feed mechanisms on machine
tools, cam shafts and oil pumps.
2. Worm gears: These are special case of
spiral gears in which larger wheel usually
has a concave shape on which the smaller
gear (called as worm) will be enveloped.
3. Hypoid gears: Hypoid gears are
approximations of hyperboloids. The shafts
are non intersecting, hence bearing can be
provided on both sides of each shaft.
Gear Drives
Gears are classified based on the mesh
(contact of teeth) arrangement
1. Externally meshed: All the above types
2. Internally meshed: Internal gears
3. Neither externally and nor internally
meshed: Rack and pinion gears

Gear Drives
Law of Gearing
Mating gear teeth acting against each
other to produce rotary motion may be
likened to a cam and follower. When the
tooth profiles are shaped so as to produce
a constant angular velocity ratio during
meshing, the surfaces are said to be
conjugate. One of these solutions is the
involute profile.
“The angular velocity ratio of all gears
of a meshed gear system must remain
constant also the common normal at the
point of contact must pass through the
pitch point”.
It is useful to construct the profile of a
gear tooth.
If this was not true, serious vibration
and impact problems will result even at
low speeds.
Gear Drives
Forms of Teeth
Common forms of teeth that also satisfy
the law of gearing are
1.Cycloidal profile teeth: A cycloid is
the locus of a point on the circumference
of a circle that roll without slipping on a
fixed straight line.
2. Involute profile teeth: An involute
is defined as the locus of a point on a
straight line which rolls without slipping
on the circumference of a circle.

Gear Drives
Gear Nomenclature
Dedendum
Circle

Gear Drives
Gear Nomenclature

Gear Drives
American Gear Manufacturing Association
(AGMA) Standards for Gear Design

Gear Drives
Types of Gear Trains
Gear trains are classified based on the arrangement of gears
1. Simple gear trains: A simple gear train is one with only one gear per
shaft and each shaft rotates about a fixed axis. These are used to transmit
power between larger distances. The gears on intermittent shafts in between
the input and output shafts are called as idler gears.
2. Compound gear train: A compound gear train consists of a common

shaft on which two are more gears are mounted. These are used to transmit
power and motion with higher velocity ratios.

Gear Drives
Types of Gear Trains
Gear trains are classified based on the
arrangement of gears
3. Reverted compound gear trains: It is similar
to compound gear train, but the difference is the
input shaft and output shaft axis lie on a same axis.
4. Planetary or Epicyclic gear train: A gear

train having a relative motion of axes is called as
planetary or an epicyclic gear train.

Gear Drives
Problems on Gear Trains

Gear Drives

Gear Drives

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Gear Drives

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2. Compound gear train: A compound gear train consists of a common

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4. Planetary or Epicyclic gear train: A gear

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