Here is a list of advanced Java concepts that you can focus on:
### 1. **Multithreading and Concurrency**
- Thread lifecycle and states
- Synchronization and locks (ReentrantLock, ReadWriteLock)
- ThreadPoolExecutor and ForkJoinPool
- Executors framework
- Callable, Future, and CompletableFuture
- Concurrency utilities (CountDownLatch, CyclicBarrier, Semaphore)
- Atomic variables (AtomicInteger, AtomicReference)
- Deadlock, Livelock, and Starvation
- Concurrent Collections (ConcurrentHashMap, CopyOnWriteArrayList)
### 2. **JVM (Java Virtual Machine) Internals**
- ClassLoader mechanism
- Memory management (Heap, Stack, Metaspace)
- Garbage collection (GC algorithms: G1, CMS, Parallel GC)
- JVM tuning and optimization (JVM flags and profiling tools like
JVisualVM)
- Bytecode analysis
### 3. **Java Memory Model**
- Volatile keyword
- Happens-before relationship
- Memory barriers and visibility
- Thread-local variables
### 4. **Design Patterns**
- Singleton, Factory, Builder, Prototype
- Adapter, Decorator, Proxy, Flyweight
- Strategy, Command, Observer
- Template Method, State, Visitor, and Chain of Responsibility
### 5. **Java Streams and Lambda Expressions**
- Functional interfaces (Predicate, Function, Consumer, Supplier)
- Stream API (Intermediate and Terminal operations)
- Parallel Streams
- Method references
- Collectors and custom collectors
- Optional class
### 6. **Java Networking**
- Sockets (TCP/UDP)
- Java NIO (Non-blocking IO)
- Channels, Buffers, and Selectors
- HTTP Client API (introduced in Java 11)
- WebSocket API
### 7. **Reflection and Annotations**
- Java Reflection API
- Creating and using custom annotations
- Annotation processing (APT)
- Dynamic proxies
### 8. **Spring Framework**
- Dependency Injection (DI) and Inversion of Control (IoC)
- Spring Boot, Spring Data, Spring Security
- Spring AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming)
- RESTful services using Spring MVC
- Spring Transaction Management
### 9. **Microservices Architecture**
- Building microservices using Spring Boot
- Inter-service communication (REST, gRPC, messaging)
- Service discovery (Eureka, Consul)
- Circuit Breaker (Hystrix, Resilience4j)
- API Gateway (Zuul, Spring Cloud Gateway)
- Docker, Kubernetes for microservices deployment
### 10. **Security in Java**
- Java Security API (JCE, JSSE)
- SSL/TLS, Certificates, and KeyStores
- Authentication and Authorization (OAuth2, JWT)
- Spring Security
- Encryption and hashing (AES, SHA, MD5)
### 11. **Java Persistence (JPA & Hibernate)**
- ORM concepts
- Entity lifecycle (Persist, Merge, Remove)
- Lazy vs Eager fetching
- JPQL, Criteria API
- Caching in Hibernate
- Transaction management (ACID properties)
### 12. **Testing in Java**
- Unit testing frameworks (JUnit 5, TestNG)
- Mocking frameworks (Mockito, PowerMock)
- Integration and Functional testing
- Test-driven development (TDD)
- Behavior-driven development (BDD) using Cucumber
### 13. **Serialization and Deserialization**
- Java Serialization API
- Externalizable interface
- JSON and XML processing (Jackson, Gson)
- Protocol Buffers and Avro
### 14. **Java Modules (introduced in Java 9)**
- Module system (Project Jigsaw)
- Modular JARs
- Module path vs Classpath
- Creating and using modules
### 15. **Java 8, 11, 21 and Beyond Features**
- Default and static methods in interfaces
- CompletableFuture and asynchronous programming
- Local-variable type inference (var keyword)
- Records (introduced in Java 14)
- Sealed classes and pattern matching (Java 17)
### 16. **Performance Optimization**
- Profiling tools (JProfiler, VisualVM)
- Benchmarking with JMH
- Optimizing garbage collection
- Reducing memory footprint and improving CPU usage
### 17. **Distributed Systems and Messaging**
- Message brokers (Kafka, RabbitMQ)
- Distributed caching (Redis, Hazelcast, Ehcache)
- CAP theorem, eventual consistency
- Load balancing and failover strategies
- Zookeeper for distributed coordination
These topics will help you develop a deeper understanding of advanced
Java and improve your ability to handle complex projects.
