Ict Notes From Grd 8-10

ICT NOTES FROM GRD (8-10)
Cambridge IGCSE
Chapter 1:- Types and Components of computer
systems
Questions and answers
1) Describe three advantages of using smartphones
rather than an laptop
Ans:- Three advantages of using smart phones are-
1. Connectivity- we can connect to people
anywhere around the world.
2. Voice call- We can voice call anyone in
emergency, which is not possible in laptop
3. Always available- Smartphones is almost
always within arm’s reach.
2) Name whether following examples are internal or
external hardware device.
Ans:- MOUSE {External hardware device}
VIDEO CARD {Internal hardware device}
PRINTER {External hardware device}
3) What are two main parts of computer systems?
Ans:- Two main parts of computer systems are
hardware and software.
4) What is Motherboard?
Ans:- Motherboard are also called system board. The
main printed circuit board of computer, it has a
connecter that other circuit board can be slotted into.
5) What is operating system?
Ans:- The operating system is collection of program to
control and manage all software and hardware of the
computer system.
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
Artificial Intelligence {A.I}
The ability of a digital computer or compute controlled
robot to perform tasks commonly associated with
intelligence. As opposed to the natural intelligence
displayed by animal including humans. A.I application
include advanced web search engine, recommdation
system A.I application had previously been us to
describe machine that mimic and display human
cognitive skill that are associated with human mind.
Some examples includes: Digital assistant, Face
detection and recognition, and social media.
Virtual Reality {V.R}

Virtual reality is a computer generated environment
with scenes and objects that appear to be real, making
the user feel they are immersed in their surrounding
this environment is perceived through a device as
virtual reality headset. Some examples includes- Virtual
field trip because it helps us to explore things in
imaginary world, we are mentally in it.
Augmented Reality {A.R}

Augmented Reality is an interactive experience of real
world environment where object that reside in real
world are enhanced by computer generated perceptual
information, it puts virtual information or even a
virtual reality/ world. It was first used for navigation, in
NASA’S X-38 spacecraft. Some examples includes-
Snapchat since the filters available in it look extremely
real and original with help of augmented reality and
artificial intelligence.
USER INETRFACES
1. CLI
2. GUI
3. Gesture based
4. Dialogue based
User interfaces- users interact with the operating
system through user interface.
CHAPTER 2- Input and output devices

Input devices are used to enter data into the
computer. There are two types of input devices:
1. Manual Input device
2. Direct Input device (Data Entry)
Manual Input devices

1) Keyboard 7) Remote
2) Mouse 8) Microphone
3) Tracker ball 9) Touch Screen
4) Joystick 10) Sensor
5) Light pen 11) Numeric Keypad
6) Controller 12) Driving Wheel
1)What is manual Input device?

Ans:- 1. Which people use to enter data into computer
themselves.
2. Needs Human interactions to work.
3. It takes input through the interactions.
2) What is a remote control?
Ans:- 1. It is input device
2. It is commonly used for television
3. When button is pressed, the remote control
sends an infrared signal to equipment.
4. Each signal contains a code
3) What is a keyboard? State the types of keyboard.
Ans:- Problems that occur during over usage of
keyboard is RSI (repetitive strain injury)- it is a pain that
is felt in the muscles, nerves and tendons caused by
repetitive movements.
Types of keyboards- 1. Numeric keyboard
2. Qwerty Keyboard
3. Ergonomic Keyboard
4) What is Touch screen? State the types and explain.
Ans:- Touch screen is an both input and output device
which is used commonly in phones, specialized laptops
etc.
Types of Touch Screen- 1.Resistive
2.Capacitive
Resistive: They are types of screen that sends
information to processor. The point of contact is
detected because of two metallic layers.
Capacitive: The screen is sensitive to static electricity
on an exposed finger.
Direct data entry and associated devices.
 MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Reader)
Definition- MICR is able to read characters printed in
a special ink.
o Advantages and disadvantages:
Advantages-
1. Characters cannot be altered.
2. Characters can be read even if they have been
written over.
Disadvantages-
1. More expensive than using a keyboard to type
manual data.
2. Limited amount of characters can be read.
 OMR (Optical Mark Reader)

Definition- OMR is able to read marks written in pen
or pencil.
It is used to scan (MCQ) exams, surveys, lottery
tickets.
o Advantages and Disadvantages:
Advantages:-
1. Very fast method of inputting data ass no user
has to manually enter results.
Disadvantages:-
1. forms have to be completely to avoid manual
check which would waste time.
 OCR- optical character reader

Definition- OCR scans text from hardcopies and
converts it into editable form. It can be used and
edited in range of software including word
document.
Uses- 1. Used in self- immigration systems at the
airport.
2. Students can scan text from books.
Questions
1. State the uses of the following output devices
a) Monitor
1. Display visual information that can be fed it by
computer’s video card.
2. Making decisions based on visual data.
3. Monitors such as CRT Monitors, TFT monitors can
be easily and safely wall mounted.
b) Speakers
1. Speaker allow listeners to listen to sound in
multimedia, presentations, films or music.
2. It produces sound to hear by listeners, create
surround sound.
3. The speaker is also charged with upholding the
rights and privileges of membrane and the house.
c) Multimedia projectors
1. Often used to project presentations to large
audiences.
2. You can show DVD videos, slideshow, or television
program on a large screen with colours and sound.
3. It is also used in business meetings, conferences,
classrooms etc.
d) State which type of monitors is both an input and
output devices.
Ans: Network Card
2) Printers are output devices that produce hard
copies.
a) Explain how laser printer works.
Ans: Laser printers work by using a laser to “Draw”
the required outputs onto the drum. This puts “+”
electric charge on those parts of the drum that have
been hit by the laser. An ink powder called toner is
then sprayed on the drum and the sticks where there
is an electric charge. This drum is pressed against a
piece of a paper is then heated by the “fuser” so that
the toner binds to the paper, producing a printed
copy. If there are four drums with four different
colors of toner than colored printouts can be
produced.
b) Give two advantages and two disadvantages of
dot-matrix printer.
Ans: Advantages-
1. There is a low printing cost per page.
2. They are reliable and durable.
Disadvantages-
1. They are slow and noisy
2. They are more expensive than ink-jet printers.
 FEW ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
DEVICES
1. OMR-
Advantages:
 Fast and accurate
Disadvantages:
Forms have to be accurately designed and accurately
filled in. The OMR reader can only read shaded area.
 OCR-
Advantages:
 Fast and accurate as it avoids typing error and it is
less expensive on labor.
Disadvantages:
 Possible difficulty when reading handwriting. Has
to be checked for errors.
 Bar code reader:
Advantages:
 Saves time when product prices change data in the
database will need updating once for each
product.
 Quick and easy to get data into the system.
 Updates stock control automatically so saves time.
 Very accurate
Disadvantages:
 The technology is expensive
 Bar code readers must be undamaged.
d) Chip and pin reader:
Advantages:
1. Secure
2.Hard to clone
3. Chips hold more data than magnetic strips
4. Portable
Disadvantages:
1. Security- You may forget your pin or people may see
what your pin is as you enter it during any transaction.
e) Magnetic Strip reader:
Advantages:
1. Very fast data entry
2. No data-entry errors as nothing to type in.
3. Robust
4. Cannot be read by human
Disadvantages:
1. The magnetic strip can only hold a small amount of
data.
2. Cards needs to be in physical contact with the reader
to work.
3. Data will be lost if the strip becomes damaged.
4. Easy to duplicate.
f) QR Scanner:
Advantages:
1. Very versatile
2. Can contain different types of data
3. Codes can be easily read by multiple devices
including smartphones.
4. Anyone can create a QR code using software
5. Quick to read
6. Stores 100 times more information than a bar code.
Disadvantages:
1. A device is needed to scan the code.
2. Relies on the QR codes being correct.
3. Some people do not know what they represent or
how to read.
G) RFID readers:
Advantages:
1. RFID chips do not need to be positioned nicely.
2. They can read chips a few meters away.
3. They can read all of the tags on goods in a trolley at
once.
Disadvantages:
1. RFID tags can be read by anyone with readers such
as hackers.
2. They can be affected by other electrical devices in
the area.

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ICT NOTES FROM GRD (8-10)

Virtual Reality {V.R}

Augmented Reality {A.R}

CHAPTER 2- Input and output devices

Manual Input devices

1)What is manual Input device?

 OMR (Optical Mark Reader)

 OCR- optical character reader

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