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Topic 4.
1 The Types and

Categories of Airports
AIRPORT : Key Definition
An airport is essentially one or more runways for aircraft operations together with associated buildings
or terminals where passengers or air cargo transported by aircraft are processed (Doganis 1992).
AIRPORT : Categories
There are 22 airports in Vietnam.
As discussed in Topic 2 they are all managed by the Airports Corporation of Vietnam. A joint-stock
company with State-owned controlling stakes (~95%)
AIRPORT : Types
Topic 4.2
The Functions of an Airport
The Airfield and its components
Although every airport is unique in terms of its geographic location, physical layout, demand
characteristics, built environment and mix of air traffic, the design and configuration of every airfield
must fulfil three basic requirements:
Design of airfield
The design of airfield infrastructure and airfield configuration requires considerations of:
ICAO Airport Classification Codes
Tan Son Nhat International Airport
ICAO Airport Codes

The ICAO airport code is a four-letter alphanumeric code designating each airport around the world.
The ICAO codes are used by air traffic control and airline operations such as flight planning.
Nic's Tip - Each Country represents the first 2 codes, eg Australia is always Y and then the state,
Melbourne M, so Melbourne would be YM(airport code), Sydney would be YS(airport code), etc.
IATA Airport Codes

An IATA airport code is a three-letter code designating many airports around the world (including
United States), defined by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). The characters prominently
displayed on baggage tags attached at airport check-in desks are an example of a way these codes are
used. At the link below you can search for the airline and location codes assigned by IATA.
Airside and Landside Operations

• aircraft dispatch
• loading and unloading of an aircraft
• supplying it with freshwater, power, fuel
• passenger servicing
• baggage handling
• air cargo handling
• transportation of passengers
• provision of aerobridges
and air stairs

Airport Facilities
1:
• Runways
(classifications, marking
and lighting, instrument
runway landing
systems),
• Ground control
• Taxiways
• Holding bays
• Holding areas
• Parking
2:
• For air traffic control and airport capacity the runway configuration of the airport is critical
• The position, number, length, width and distance between two runways influence the number of
flights that an airport can handle
Topic 4.3
Types of Runways
Number and orientation of the runway
The number and orientation of runways should be decided by the aerodrome operator in consultation
with airlines and other users of the aerodrome on the basis of achieving the maximum availability of
the runway system under all weather conditions, for the least capital investment.
Factors to be considered when planning the number and orientation of runways at an aerodrome
include:
• weather, in particular the effect of prevailing wind, fog and rain on runway usability;
• frequency of aero plane movements and mix of aero plane types;
• aero plane characteristics, especially the maximum permissible crosswind velocity;
• airspace conflicts;
• site and site environs constraints
Crosswind
Windrose
Types of Runways
Single Runway
Parallel Runways
• Much greater separation is necessary when parallel runways are provided for simultaneous use by
IFR operations. The separation required is dependent on many factors including the type of navigational
aids and radar equipment provided, the particular approach, take-off, ATC procedures, and local
conditions.
• Where parallel runways are to be provided, the aerodrome operator should consult with CAAV and
VATM on airspace and air traffic control procedures associated with the operation of the multiple
runways.
Where parallel, non-instrument runways are provided for simultaneous use, the minimum separation
distance between the runway centrelines is prescribed.
Open V-Runways
Intersecting Runway
Airport Taxiways
• A path on an airport that connects runways with the airport ramp area, aircraft maintenance hangars,
airport terminals and other facilities
• Provide access to and from the runways to other areas of the airport
• Exit and entrance taxiways are typically located at the ends of the runway and are constructed at
right angles to the runway
• The number and location of the exit taxiways depends on the type and mix of the aircraft using the
runway
• Provide adequate separation
• Not endanger, interfere with or delay arrivals, departures or other taxiway operations;
• Provide the shortest practicable route
• Offer a sufficient number of runway entry/ exit points,
• Minimise or mitigate any local environmental or social impacts.
Types of Aircraft Parking Positions

• An aircraft will typically maneuver into the nose-in parking position under
• In order to leave the gate position, it has to be towed out a sufficient distance to allow it to proceed
under its own power
Topic 4.4
The Airport Terminal:
Functions, Design
and Processing Systems
Centralised and Decentralised Passenger Processing
Systems
There are many different configurations for airport passenger terminal
buildings:
• Nearly all of them can be categorised on the basis of their geometrical characteristics and
functionality
• Centralised or de centralised
Centralised Passenger Processing Systems
• Processing of passengers is performed at a single location rather than distributed through several
different points in the terminal
• Building is interconnected with a system of several parallel satellite piers

De - centralised Passenger Processing Systems
• Passenger handling facilities and processing are provided in smaller units and repeated in one or
more buildings.
• Airport terminals handle over 30 million passengers a year, such as Chicago O’Hare and Dallas Fort
Worth Airports, the passenger walking distances between gates could be around 1,500 metres.
• To overcome problems such as this, several ‘decentralised’ terminals were developed, such as those
that are now in operation at Dallas Fort/Worth Airport.
Centralised Passenger Processing

Systems – Advantages
De-centralised Passenger
Processing Systems – Advantages
De-centralised Passenger
Processing Systems – Disadvantages
Wing-tip vortices

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Topic 4.

1 The Types and

ICAO Airport Codes

IATA Airport Codes

Airside and Landside Operations

• loading and unloading of an aircraft

• supplying it with freshwater, power, fuel

• air cargo handling

and air stairs

and lighting, instrument

• frequency of aero plane movements and mix of aero plane types;

• aero plane characteristics, especially the maximum permissible crosswind velocity;

• site and site environs constraints

• Provide adequate separation

• Provide the shortest practicable route

• Offer a sufficient number of runway entry/ exit points,

• Minimise or mitigate any local environmental or social impacts.

Types of Aircraft Parking Positions

Centralised Passenger Processing Systems

• Building is interconnected with a system of several parallel satellite piers

Centralised Passenger Processing

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