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    English Literature

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    L2

    Uploaded by

    malaika ghufran
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    English Literature

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    English Literature

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2 views4 pages

    L2

    Uploaded by

    malaika ghufran
    English Literature

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    HOORYAL HAYAAT.

    14925.

    BS ENGLISH .

    1ST SEMESTER.

    INTRODUCTION TO LANGUAGE
    STUDIES.
    inguistics is the scientific study of language, and it
    encompasses various branches that focus on different aspects
    of language structure, use, and acquisition. Here's a brief note
    on some major branches of linguistics:

    Phonetics and Phonology:

    Phonetics: Examines the physical properties of speech sounds,


    including their articulation and acoustic characteristics.
    Phonology: Studies how sounds function within a particular
    language system, including the rules governing their
    distribution and patterns.

    Morphology:

    Investigates the structure and formation of words, including the


    study of morphemes, the smallest units of meaning in
    language.

    Syntax:

    Analyzes the structure and arrangement of words to form


    grammatically correct sentences. Syntax explores the rules
    governing sentence formation and word order.

    Semantics:

    Focuses on the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences. It


    explores how meaning is conveyed and interpreted in different
    linguistic contexts.

    Pragmatics:

    Examines language use in context, considering the influence of


    social and cultural factors on communication. Pragmatics
    studies how speakers convey meaning beyond the literal
    interpretation of words.

    Sociolinguistics:
    Investigates the relationship between language and society.
    Sociolinguists study how language varies and changes across
    different social groups, regions, and over time.

    Psycholinguistics:

    Explores the psychological processes involved in language


    acquisition, comprehension, and production. This branch
    investigates how the mind processes and stores linguistic
    information.

    Applied Linguistics:

    Applies linguistic theories and methods to practical, real-world


    issues. Areas include language teaching, translation,
    computational linguistics, and forensic linguistics

    Historical Linguistics:

    Traces the development and evolution of languages over time.


    Historical linguists study language change, linguistic
    relationships, and reconstruct extinct languages.

    Cognitive Linguistics:

    Investigates the relationship between language and cognitive


    processes. This branch explores how language reflects and
    shapes human thought.
    Computational Linguistics:

    Involves the development of computational models and


    algorithms for processing and understanding natural language.
    It intersects with computer science and artificial intelligence.

    Neurolinguistics:

    Examines the neural mechanisms underlying language


    processing. Neurolinguists investigate how the brain processes
    language and the effects of neurological disorders on language
    abilities.
    These branches collectively contribute to a comprehensive
    understanding of the structure, use, and evolution of language,
    reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of linguistics as a field of
    study.

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