ETY155 Lab10 Superposition

ETY155 – L10 – Superposition Theorem (Week 11) Components/Apparatus Required for this Lab
▪ The full ETY parts kit and organized component box

Name: Lab Section: ▪ The full LIN toolkit, including toolbox and all the hand tools
▪ Fixed resistors (list them in your Lab Book)
Lab Overview ▪ The Digital Multimeter or “DMM”
▪ Two DC Power Supplies
Resistor networks with multiple sources require a different
approach to calculate the voltages and currents around the circuit.
One method is Superposition Theorem, which first determines the Lab Code of Behaviour:
current or voltage as each source acts alone, and then combines http://inside.senecacollege.ca/semet/code-of-behaviour
their effects for the overall value. Direction matters! Below are highlights from the first week’s safety review:
Superposition can also apply to merging sea or sound waves but, 1. Students are expected to conduct themselves in a professional
in our case, it refers to merging circuit characteristics (V and I). and safe manner at all times.
2. Food or drink is not allowed at any time.
Lab Outcomes 3. Safety glasses are mandatory when the power is ON.
1. Calculate, simulate, and measure current and voltage for each 4. Failure to comply with the SEMET Electronics Laboratory
major step of the Superposition Theorem. Code of Behaviour will result in a lab grade of zero (0).
2. Construct a resistive circuit using two DC voltage sources and
measure current and voltage characteristics.
Additional Safety Precautions in this Lab
3. Verify lab results using simulations in OrCAD Capture and
▪ Turn off the output of the DC power supply when
PSpice.
making changes on the breadboard or to a DMM.
4. Analyze calculated, simulated, and measured values using MS
Excel charts to compare the data. ▪ Always set a current limit on the DC power supply:
o Digital: Set to a maximum of 50 mA.
o Analog: Turn current knob up just until light is green.
▪ Check the fuse on the DMM before using the ammeter.
School of Electronics & Mechanical Engineering Technology (SEMET) ETY155 1 of 4 L10– 2211
PART A: Lab Preparation (Do this before attending the lab) PART B: Lab Exercises (Do this during the lab)
1. Write out the procedure for the Superposition Theorem. ▪ You may work with a partner today to use both power supplies.
2. How do you ‘void’ (or ‘zero’) a DC voltage source? ▪ Turn OFF power to the circuit before inserting the meter.
3. How do you ‘void’ (or ‘zero’) a DC current source?
Gather and Check Your Resistors (10 mins)
4. Refer to Figure 3 in Part B.
1. From your Component Box, find the resistors listed below.
▪ Draw the circuit diagram with source E2 ‘voided’.
Measure and record their resistances with the Ohmmeter.
▪ Call this Figure 1 and give it a title. Record at least 4 decimal places. Are they “good” resistors?
▪ Calculate V and I for each component with E1 present. Note: Record this table and your findings in your Lab Book.
▪ Compile your results in a table. (Hint: VR3-E1 ≈ 5.7 V)
Expected or Ohmmeter’s Deviation
5. Refer to Figure 3 in Part B.
Nominal Value Measurement %
▪ Draw the circuit diagram with source E1 ‘voided’.
R1 = 1.0 kΩ
▪ Call this Figure 2 and give it a title.
▪ Calculate V and I for each component with E2 present. R2 = 2.2 kΩ
▪ Compile your results in a table. (Hint: VR3-E2 ≈ 1.3 V) R3 = 3.3 kΩ

6. Combine the individual effects of the sources from steps 4 & 5,
calculating the overall V and I of each component. Setup the Power Supplies (5 mins)
▪ Direction matters! 2. Set the power supply on the left to 10.0 V.
▪ Compile your results in a table. (Hint: VR3 ≈ 7 V) 3. Set the power supply on the right to 5.0 V.
7. Simulate steps 4-6 using OrCAD Lite. ▪ Turn off the power supply outputs when not in use.
▪ Run a DC bias point analysis for each circuit. Note: Once the power supplies have been set up, do not
▪ Compile the 3 sets of results into 3 “Simulated” tables. change their voltages again for the rest of the lab!
▪ Print your three separate OrCAD circuit diagrams with V, I,
a) Record the voltage measurement for E1:
and P values all clearly indicated in the diagrams.
8. Copy your final results into the tables in step 13 on page 4. b) Record the voltage measurement for E2:
9. Were your calculations and simulations successful? Explain.
Instructor Initials: Instructor Initials:
Figure 3 – A Resistive Circuit with 2 Sources (20 mins)
Remember to turn OFF the power supply output when you make
changes to your breadboard or DMM settings. 9. Refer to Figure 3 and your pre-lab notes for Figure 3.
Figure 3:
Figure 1 – Void E2, View E1 (20 mins)
1. Refer to Figure 3 and your pre-lab notes for Figure 1.
2. On your breadboard, construct Figure 1.
▪ Completely remove the wires to E2 before you void it.
▪ See Figure 4 for layout ideas on the breadboard.
3. Measure and record VR3 and IR3.
Record VR3:
Record IR3:
4. Copy your results into the tables in Step 13 on page 4.
Instructor Initials: 10. On your breadboard, construct Figure 3.

Figure 2 – Void E1, View E2 (10 mins) ▪ See Figure 4 for layout ideas on the breadboard.
5. Refer to Figure 3 and your pre-lab notes for Figure 2. Figure 4:
6. On your breadboard, construct Figure 2.
▪ Completely remove the wires to E1 before you void it.
▪ See Figure 4 for layout ideas on the breadboard.
Record VR3:
Record IR3:
8. Copy your results into the tables in Step 13 on page 4.
End of Lab Checklist
Record VR3: After completion of this lab, check off all the skills you can perform
with confidence and regularity.
Record IR3:
12. Copy your results into the tables in Step 13 below.
Safety: The Power Supply and The DMM
□ Understand the safe setup and usage of two power supplies.
13. Summarize all of the R3 voltage and current values here.
□ Measure the voltage output of the power supply.
R3 Calculated Simulated Measured □ Disconnect the power supply output when making circuit
Voltage Results Results Results changes.
Fig.1
Fig.2 Circuits with Multiple Sources – VIR Measurements
□ Understand the pros and cons of different breadboard layouts.
Fig.3
□ Construct a circuit on the breadboard with multiple sources.
□ Understand the stages of Superposition Theorem as it applies
R3 Calculated Simulated Measured
to a circuit on a breadboard.
Current Results Results Results
□ Safely ‘void’ a voltage source in a circuit.
Fig.1
□ Measure total and individual voltage drops for resistors in a
Fig.2 series-parallel circuit with multiple sources.
Fig.3 □ Measure total and individual current branches for resistors in a

series-parallel circuit with multiple sources.
14. Do your calculated and simulated results match?

Lab Analysis
□ Record calculations and results in a readable Lab Book entry.
15. Do the deviations between calculated and measured □ Compare and analyze similar lab results data in a chart.
values make sense? Explain.
□ Write summary paragraphs for lab results and analyses.
Instructor Initials:

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ETY155 – L10 – Superposition Theorem (Week 11) Components/Apparatus Required for this Lab

▪ The full ETY parts kit and organized component box

▪ Compile your results in a table. (Hint: VR3-E2 ≈ 1.3 V) R3 = 3.3 kΩ

Instructor Initials: Instructor Initials:

Instructor Initials: 10. On your breadboard, construct Figure 3.

Fig.3 □ Measure total and individual current branches for resistors in a

14. Do your calculated and simulated results match?

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