TSPSC Master - Telangana Socio-Economic Outlook 2024 GIST

TSPSC Master - Srinivas M 1
Telangana Socio-Economic Outlook Gist 2024
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INTRODUCTION
Telangana, a vibrant landlocked state in southern India, became the country’s 29th state on June 2, 2014.
It shares its borders with Maharashtra to the north and west, Chhattisgarh to the northeast, Karnataka to
the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the south and east. Hyderabad is the state capital.
Telangana is ranked 12th in the country in terms of population, with 350.04 Lakh residents as per the
2011 Census and ranked 11th in area (1,12,077 sq. km). The population is distributed across the state’s
33 districts, each with unique socio-economic characteristics. The Godavari and Krishna rivers have
majorly drained the region, with 79% and 69% of the catchment areas, respectively.
1. ECONOMY
Brief Summary on State Economy
Sectoral Contribution to Telangana's Economy

Telangana's economy is divided into three main sectors: Agriculture & Allied Sector, Industries (including
mining and quarrying), and Services. Since the state's formation, the Services sector has consistently
contributed the most to the Gross State Value Added (GSVA).
Key Highlights (2023-24 Estimates):

 Services Sector: 65.7% of GSVA at current prices
 Industrial Sector: 18.5% of GSVA, encompassing manufacturing and mining
 Agriculture & Allied Sector: 15.8% of GSVA
Per-Capita Income and Debt in Telangana

⚫ Per Capita Income Growth: Increased from ₹1,24,104 in 2014-15 to ₹3,47,299 in 2023-24.
⚫ Total Debt Surge: Rose from ₹72,658 crore to ₹6,71,757 crore, marking an increase of over 824.5%.
⚫ Per Capita Debt: Increased from ₹20,251 to ₹1,76,360, reflecting an 8.7-fold rise.
Implications:
The rapid rise in total debt compared to income growth indicates a heavy reliance on borrowing for
funding expenditures. This trend raises concerns about fiscal sustainability.
Recommendations:
To ensure economic stability, Telangana may need to implement stringent fiscal reforms aimed at:
◆ Balancing expenditure with revenue generation
◆ Reducing reliance on debt financing
These measures are essential to safeguard the state's economic health moving forward.
The Gross Value Added (GVA) of any unit (sector, sub-sector, firm, etc) measures the contribution of that unit to the
overall output of a country or state. It is calculated by subtracting the value of all intermediate goods and services
from the total value of units output. This is done to remove any ‘double counting’. For instance, assume that a firm
buys oranges and sells orange juice. The value of the oranges should be subtracted while calculating the firm’s
gross value added, as this is already included in the final value of the orange juice.
1.1 Macroeconomic Trends
India’s Economic Growth:

Projected Real GDP Growth: India’s real GDP is expected to grow by 7.3% for FY 2023-24, according
to the First Advance Estimates of National Income.
Global Economic Context:
Global Growth Rate: The IMF's World Economic Outlook (April 2024) projects global growth to remain
steady at 3.2% in 2024, the same as estimated for 2023.
Increase in Forecast: This represents a 0.1 percentage point increase from earlier projections in January
2024.
Inflation Outlook:
Global Headline Inflation: Expected to decrease from an annual average of 6.8% in 2023 to 5.9% in
2024, indicating a potential easing of inflationary pressures.
Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Telangana

Definition: The Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) measures the monetary value of all final goods
and services produced within a state in a given year. It is a crucial economic indicator reflecting the health,
size, and growth of an economy.
There are two measures of GSDP: Nominal GSDP (GSDP at current prices) and real GSDP (GSDP at
constant prices).
◼ While nominal GSDP is calculated by using the prices of the current year.
◼ Real GSDP is calculated by using the prices of some other year designated as the ‘base year’ (in
the context of this chapter, the base year is 2011-12).
Therefore, changes in nominal GSDP between years reflect the change in both prices as well as quantity
of final goods (e.g. number of cars) and services (e.g. number of haircuts) produced. In contrast, changes
in real GSDP reflects only changes in the quantity of goods and services
produced, since the same prices are used for all years.
Current Economic Status:

✓ Recovery from Pandemic: Telangana's economy has rebounded from pandemic challenges, achieving
full recovery in 2022-23, ahead of many other states.
✓ Growth Projection: For 2023-24, Telangana is expected to register a real economic growth rate of 7.4%,
which is nearly aligned with the national growth average.
Comparative Growth Rates:
✓ Global Economy: Projected to grow at 3.2% in 2024.
✓ Indian Economy: Expected to grow at 7.6% in 2023-24 according to the Second Advance Estimates by
MoSPI.
SDP at Current Prices for Telangana

Key Highlights (2023-24):
 Nominal GSDP Value: Telangana's nominal GSDP reached ₹14.64 lakh crore, marking a growth rate of
11.9% over the previous year.
 Comparison to National Growth: This growth rate outpaced the national economy, which saw a 9.1%
growth in nominal GDP, resulting in a 2.8 percentage point difference between Telangana and the
national average.
Previous Year Performance:
 In 2022-23, Telangana recorded a nominal GSDP growth rate of 16.4%, compared to the All-India
growth rate of 14.2%, reflecting a 2.2 percentage point difference.
Ranking Among States:

For 2023-24, Telangana ranked third among General Category states in terms of GSDP growth:
➢ Tamil Nadu: 14.2% (1st)
➢ Uttar Pradesh: 12.8% (2nd)
➢ Telangana: 11.9% (3rd)
GSDP at Constant (2011-12) Prices
Based on the Advance Estimates (AE), in 2023-24, Telangana’s GSDP at constant (2011-12) prices
increased by 7.4% over the previous year. In the same period, national real GDP increased by 7.6%.
2022-23 Comparison: Telangana's GDP growth was 6.9%, slightly below the national rate of 7.0%.
✓ Growth Rate Change: From 2022-23 to 2023-24, Telangana's growth improved from 6.9% to 7.4%.
✓ Difference in Growth Rates: The gap between Telangana and national GDP growth was 0.1 in 2022-23
and 0.2 in 2023-24.
✓ Sector Contributions: Telangana's growth was driven by the technology and service sectors.
✓ Other States: Odisha led with 8.5% growth, followed by Tamil Nadu at 8.2%.
Per Capita Income

⚫ 2023-24 Estimate: Telangana’s per
capita income is estimated at Rs. 3,47,299.
⚫ Growth Trend: Consistent growth in
per capita income compared to the
national average.
Previous Years:
⚫ 2021-22: Telangana: Rs. 2,69,161;
National: Rs. 1,50,906 (Multiplier: 1.78).
⚫ 2022-23: Telangana: Rs. 3,11,649; National: Rs. 1,69,496.
⚫ Multiplier Effect: Increased from 1.78 in 2021-22 to 1.90 in 2023-24, indicating stronger relative growth.
Per Capita Income (PCI) measures the amount of money that would be available per person if the total value of all
goods and services produced in the economy were to be divided equally among all citizens. An important point to
note is that capital goods (e.g. machines) depreciate in value with time. To adjust for this, depreciation is first
subtracted from the GSDP before calculating the PC.
Sectoral Analysis
Sectoral Contribution
Economic Sectors: Telangana’s economy is divided into three sectors:
1. Services
2. Industries (including mining and quarrying)
3. Agriculture & Allied Sector
2023-24 Gross State Value Added (GSVA) Breakdown:
1. Services: 65.7%
2. Industries: 18.5%
3. Agriculture & Allied: 15.8%
Trends from 2021-22 to 2023-24:

⚫ Agriculture: Decreased from 18.0% (2021-22) to 15.8% (2023-24).
⚫ Industries: Slight decline from 19.8% (2021-22) to 18.5% (2023-24).
⚫ Services: Increased from 62.2% (2021-22) to 65.7% (2023-24).
⚫ Economic Shift: The growth of the Services sector indicates a transition towards a service-oriented
economy, while agriculture and industries still play a significant role.
Traditionally, the three sectors discussed are the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors.
1. Primary sector comprises the ‘Agriculture and Allied Sector’, and ‘Mining & Quarrying’,
2. Secondary sector comprises ‘Construction’, ‘Manufacturing’, and ‘Electricity, Gas, Water Supply & other Utility Services’
3. Service sector comprises ‘Trade, Repair, Hotels and Restaurants’, ‘Transport, Storage, Communication & Services related
to Broadcasting’, ‘Financial Services’, ‘Real Estate, Ownership of Dwelling, & Professional Services’, ‘Public Administration’,
and ‘Other Services’.
District level indicators

Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP)
⚫ Top District: Rangareddy had the highest PCI in Telangana for 2022-23 at Rs. 9,46,862, over 5 times the
national average.
⚫ Regional Variations: Significant differences exist across districts:
⚫ High PCI Areas: Hyderabad and surrounding districts are major economic hubs.
⚫ Low PCI Areas: Districts like Vikarabad, Kumuram Bheem, and Jagtial show lower PCI, indicating less
economic development and lower industrialization and urbanization levels.

Employment
Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR)

LFPR measures the percentage of the adult, working-age population (between 15 and 59 years of age)
that is either employed or looking for employment. A high LFPR is an indicator of confidence in the
economy.

Importance of Employment: Reflects macroeconomic growth and economic health.
Key Indicators:
Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR): Percentage of working-age population employed or seeking
employment.
Telangana LFPR (2022-23): 66.5%, higher than the All-India average of 61.6%.
Rural LFPR: 8.9 percentage points higher than national; Urban LFPR: 0.5 percentage points higher.
✓ Male LFPR: 81.8% (slightly below national average of 83.2%).
✓ Female LFPR: Overall: 50.4% (national: 39.8%).
Rural: 62.4% (national: 44.3%), exceeding by 18.1 percentage points.
Urban: 30.8% (national: 28.3%), with a 2.5 percentage point difference.
Worker Population Ratio (WPR) in Telangana

◼ WPR measures the percentage of employed individuals in the population, indicating job alignment with
skills and needs.
◼ Telangana WPR (2022-23): 63.4%, higher than the national WPR of 59.5%.
Rural vs. Urban WPR:

Rural WPR: 8.5 percentage points higher than the national rural WPR.

Urban WPR: 0.9 percentage points lower than the national level, indicating a weaker urban employment
situation.
Male WPR:
Telangana: 77.7% (2.5 percentage points lower than national average of 80.2%).
Urban and rural male WPRs in Telangana are lower by 3.4 and 1.2 percentage points, respectively.
Female WPR:
Telangana: 48.4%, higher by 9.9 percentage points compared to the national average of 38.5%.
Significant rural difference: Telangana at 61.0% vs. national average of 43.4%, a 17.6 percentage point
gap, indicating higher female employment activity in Telangana.
Unemployment Rate (UR)

Higher Unemployment in Telangana: Unemployment rate (UR) in Telangana is higher than the
national average, despite higher labor force participation (LFPR).
2022-23 Data: Telangana's UR among the working-age population (15-59 years) exceeds India's
average.
Male Unemployment: Male UR in Telangana is 1.3 percentage points higher than the national
average.
• Urban: Telangana's male UR is 2.4 points higher than India.

• Rural: Male UR in Telangana is 0.5 points higher.
Female Unemployment: Female UR in Telangana is 0.8 percentage points higher than the national
average.
• Urban: Telangana's female UR is 1.9 points higher than India.

• Rural: Female UR in Telangana is 0.2 points higher.
Employment in Major Sectors of Telangana's Economy

Sector Employment Distribution:
1) Agriculture: Largest employer, providing livelihood to 47.3% of working adults.
2) Services Sector: Employs 33% of the workforce.
3) Industries Sector: Accounts for 19.7% of employment.

Terms of Employment Improvements:
✓ Regular Wage/Salaried Employees with
Written Contracts: Increased from 45.1%
in 2021-22 to 59.2% in 2022-23.
✓ Paid Leave Eligibility: Rose to 67.6% in
2022-23, up from 59.7% in 2021-22.
✓ Social Security Benefits: Increased to
61.1% in 2022-23 from 53.3% in 2021-
22.
Percentage Point Increases:

Paid Leave: Up by 7.9 percentage points.
Social Security Benefits: Up by 7.8 percentage
points.
PUBLIC FINANCE
Telangana's Fiscal Situation
Debt Increase: Total debt rose from Rs. 72,658 crore in 2014-15 to Rs. 6,71,757 crore by December 1,
2023—a nearly tenfold increase.
Fiscal Strain: This surge in debt has significantly impacted the state's ability to service its financial
obligations.
Debt Servicing Impact:

Debt Servicing: Consumes 34% of the state's revenue receipts in 2023-24.
Salaries and Pensions: Account for 35% of revenue in 2023-24.
Limited Fiscal Space: The high costs of debt servicing and employee compensation leave minimal
resources for welfare programs and economic growth initiatives.
Government Commitment: Despite fiscal challenges, the government aims to implement all six
guarantees focused on responsible.
Development of Weaker Sections

Budget Focus: Prioritizes upliftment of marginalized sections.
Key Allocations: Six guarantees to ensure no family below the poverty line is neglected.
Guarantees:
✓ Mahalakshmi: Financial aid.
✓ Gruha Jyothi: Support for housing.
✓ Indiramma Houses: Affordable housing initiative.
✓ Yuva Vikasam: Youth development programs.
✓ Cheyutha: Diverse developmental opportunities.
Revenue and Expenditure Overview (2024-25)
❖ Revenue Receipts: Projected at Rs. 2,05,602 crore (15.4% increase from Rs. 1,78,173 crore in 2023-24).
❖ Driven by improved tax administration and non-tax revenue.
❖ Capital Receipts: Expected to rise to Rs. 68,585 crore (45.4% increase from Rs. 47,176 crore in 2023-24).
❖ Total Receipts: Anticipated to reach Rs. 2,74,187 crore (21.7% increase from Rs. 2,25,349 crore in 2023-
24).

❖ Revenue Expenditure: Projected at Rs. 2,01,178 crore (18.9% increase from Rs. 1,69,141 crore in 2023-
24).
❖ Capital Expenditure: Allocated Rs. 29,669 crore (22.7% increase from Rs. 24,178 crore in 2023-24).
Financial Overview (2024-25)

Loans and Advances: Set at Rs. 28,043 crore (50% increase from Rs. 18,699 crore in 2023-24) to support
various sectors.
Capital Disbursements: Projected at Rs. 17,001 crore (34.9% increase from Rs. 12,606 crore in 2023-24).
Total Expenditure: Estimated at Rs. 2,75,891 crore (22.8% rise from Rs. 2,24,625 crore in 2023-24),
reflecting balanced developmental goals and fiscal discipline.
Revenue Surplus: Expected to decrease to Rs. 4,424 crore (51.0% reduction from Rs. 9,031 crore in 2023-
24), indicating cautious fiscal management.
Fiscal Deficit: Anticipated to widen to Rs. 53,228 crore (57.5% increase from Rs. 33,786 crore in 2023-
24), aligned with boosting capital investments.
Revenue Composition (2024-25)

✓ Total Revenue Receipts: Projected at Rs. 2,05,602 crore (15.4% increase from 2023-24).
✓ Tax Revenue: Rs. 1,38,228 crore.
✓ Non-Tax Revenue: Rs. 20,658 crore.
✓ Central Taxes Share: Rs. 25,640 crore.
✓ Grants-in-Aid from Central Government: Rs. 21,075 crore.
Telangana Government Budget 2024-25 Summary

 Agriculture: Rs. 19,746 crore for farmer support and productivity enhancement.
 Education: Rs. 21,389 crore to improve infrastructure and access to quality education.
 Medical and Health: Rs. 11,500 crore aimed at enhancing healthcare services and facilities.
 Irrigation: Rs. 28,024 crore for water management and agricultural sustainability.
 Energy (Transco and Discoms): Rs. 16,825 crore to improve power infrastructure and reliability.
 Panchayat Raj and Rural Development: Rs. 40,080 crore, the largest allocation, for rural infrastructure
and livelihoods.
 Municipal Administration: Rs. 11,692 crore to strengthen urban governance and infrastructure.
 SC Welfare: Rs. 21,874 crore for promoting social equity among Scheduled Castes.
 ST Welfare: Rs. 13,313 crore to uplift Scheduled Tribes through targeted initiatives.
 BC Welfare: Rs. 8,000 crore for socio-economic development of backward classes.
 Minorities Welfare: Rs. 2,262 crore to support the needs of minority communities.

Flagship Schemes:
Abhaya Hastam (Six Guarantees): Rs. 53,196 crore allocated for transformative social welfare and
economic development initiatives.
Fiscal Deficit and Debt:
✓ Total Expenditure: Increased by 22.8% from the previous year.
✓ Revenue Receipts: Projected to rise by 15.4% from 2023-24.
✓ Fiscal Deficit: Expected to widen to Rs. 53,228 crore, a 57.5% increase from Rs. 33,786 crore in 2023-24,
reflecting high investments in rural development, irrigation, and education.
Loans and Borrowings for 2024-25 (BE) Summary

✓ Open Market Loans: Expected to rise from Rs. 40,616 crore (2023-24 RE) to Rs. 59,625 crore in 2024-25
(BE), an increase of 46.8%.
✓ Loans from Government of India: Projected to increase by 160%, reaching Rs. 3,900 crore in 2024-25.
✓ Other Loans: Steady at Rs. 1,000 crore.
✓ Net Deposit Transactions: Projected to remain at Rs. 4,000 crore
Fiscal Profile of Telangana: Revenue Receipts Summary
Definition: Revenue receipts are regular, recurring financial sources that do not create liabilities or reduce
government assets.
Components:
✓ State’s Own Tax Revenue
✓ Share of Central Taxes
✓ Non-Tax Revenue
✓ Grants from Central Government
Revenue Comparison (2020-21 vs. 2021-22):

◼ Total Revenue Receipts: Increased from Rs. 1,00,914 crore to Rs. 1,27,469 crore.
◼ State Own Tax Revenue: Rose from 66.0% (Rs. 66,650 crore) to 71.6% (Rs. 91,271 crore).
◼ Non-Tax Revenue: Increased from 6.0% (Rs. 6,101 crore) to 6.9% (Rs. 8,857 crore).
◼ Central Taxes and Grants: Decreased from 27.9% (Rs. 28,163 crore) to 21.4% (Rs. 27,340 crore).
Revenue Receipts to GSDP for Telangana (2021-22)

◼ Total Revenue Receipts: Rs. 1,27,469 crore
◼ GSDP: Rs. 11,28,907 crore
◼ Revenue Receipts to GSDP Ratio: 11.3%
◼ Lower than the average for General States (14.6%).
◼ Below Bihar (24.4%) and Odisha (22.8%).
◼ Higher than Maharashtra (10.7%), Karnataka (10.0%),
and Tamil Nadu (10.0%).
◼ Lower than Andhra Pradesh (13.3%) and West Bengal
(13.1%).
◼ Composition of State’s Own Tax Revenue (2020-21
vs. 2021-22)
SGST:
2020-21: Rs. 22,190 crore States Own Tax revenue (33% of
SOTR)
2021-22: Rs. 28,917 crore (32% of SOTR)
Sales Tax:

2020-21: Rs. 20,904 crore (31% of SOTR)
2021-22: Rs. 26,974 crore (30% of SOTR)
State Excise:
2020-21: Rs. 14,370 crore (22% of SOTR)
2021-22: Rs. 17,482 crore (19% of SOTR)
Stamps and Registration Fees:

2020-21: Rs. 5,243 crore (8% of SOTR, 5% of total revenue receipts)
Motor Vehicle Tax:

Expenditure Composition for Telangana
Developmental Expenditure:
◼ 2020-21: Rs. 1,09,729 crore. Covers social services (education, health, welfare, housing) and
economic services (agriculture, industry, transport).
◼ 2021-22: Increased by 17% to Rs. 1,28,735 crore.
Non-Developmental Expenditure:
◼ 2020-21: Rs. 40,256 crore. Includes expenses related to general services (fiscal and administrative
services).
◼ 2021-22: Increased by 13% to Rs. 45,394 crore.
Total Expenditure Growth:

◼ Increased by 16% from 2020-21 to 2021-22.
◼ Meanwhile, developmental expenditure increased 17% to Rs. 1,28,735 crore in 2021-22 and
◼ Non-Developmental expenditure increased by 13% to Rs. 45,394 crore in 2021-22.
Development Expenditure as a Percentage of Net Expenditure (2021-22)
Telangana:
◼ Net Expenditure: Rs. 1,74,100 crore
◼ Development Expenditure: Rs. 1,28,735 crore
◼ Development Expenditure Ratio: 74%
Comparison with Other States:

◼ Chhattisgarh: 73%
◼ Karnataka: 73%
◼ Madhya Pradesh: 74%
◼ Odisha: 74%
◼ Kerala: 51%
◼ Punjab: 52%
Insight: Most states, including Telangana, fall within the 65% to 75% range, indicating substantial
investment in development relative to overall expenditure. States like Kerala and Punjab show lower ratios,
potentially reflecting different fiscal priorities or more efficient spending.

Committed Expenditure as a Percentage of Revenue Receipts (Telangana)
Overview:
Committed expenditures include mandatory spending on salaries, pensions, and interest payments,
crucial for assessing fiscal sustainability.
Key Trends (2020-21 to 2021-22):

Revenue Receipts: Increased from Rs. 1,00,914 crore to Rs. 1,27,469 crore.
Salaries:
Expenditure: Increased by 24.3% from Rs. 21,702 crore to Rs. 26,981 crore.
Percentage of Revenue Receipts: 21.2%.
Pensions:
Percentage of Revenue Receipts: 11.0%.
Interest Payments:
Total Committed Expenditure:

Total: Increased by 15.4% from Rs. 52,142 crore to Rs. 60,168 crore.

Percentage of Revenue Receipts: Decreased slightly from 51.7% to 47.2%.
Committed Expenditure Composition of Different States (2021-22)
Telangana's Fiscal Management:
◼ Committed Expenses: Rs. 60,168 crore
◼ Revenue Receipts: Rs. 1,27,469 crore
◼ Committed Expenses to Revenue Receipts Ratio: 47%
This ratio places Telangana alongside states with high fiscal stress:
◼ Karnataka: 47%
◼ Gujarat: 48%
◼ Nearly half of Telangana’s revenue is allocated to fixed costs (salaries, pensions, interest), limiting
financial flexibility.
◼ High committed expenses restrict the state's ability to invest in development and essential sectors,
potentially hindering economic growth.
Comparison with Other States:
✓ Odisha: 34%
✓ Bihar: 37%
Revenue Deficit and Debt

Definition: A revenue deficit occurs when government expenditures exceed revenue from taxes and other
sources.
Consequences: Borrowing to cover deficits often funds
current consumption rather than investments, risking
long-term fiscal instability.
Telangana's Revenue Surplus/Deficit Trends
◼ 2017-19: Achieved a revenue surplus of 0.50% of
GSDP.
◼ 2019-20: Shifted to a deficit of 0.70%.
◼ 2020-21: Severe deficit of 2.30% due to financial
mismanagement.
◼ 2021-22: Reduced deficit to 0.80%, reflecting
ongoing fiscal stress.
◼ 2022-23: Returned to a surplus of 0.46%.
Comparison of 2021-22 with 2020-21

Expenditure: Increased by 16% (from ₹1,57,547 crore to
₹1,82,998 crore).
Revenue Receipts: Rose from ₹1,00,914 crore to
₹1,27,469 crore.
Capital Receipts: Decreased slightly (₹58 crore to ₹48
crore).
Capital Disbursements: Increased (₹7,537 crore to
₹8,842 crore).
Revenue Deficit: Decreased from ₹22,298 crore to
₹9,334 crore.
Fiscal Deficit: Slightly reduced from ₹49,038 crore to
₹46,639 crore.
Fiscal Deficit

Definition: Fiscal deficit (FD) is the gap between total government expenditure and revenue (excluding
borrowings), indicating the amount of borrowing needed.
Telangana's Fiscal Deficit Trends
✓ 2014-15: Deficit of ₹9,410 crore (1.90% of GSDP).
✓ 2016-17: Increased to ₹35,281 crore (5.40% of GSDP), reflecting expansive spending.
✓ 2021-22: Deficit reached ₹46,639 crore (4.10% of GSDP).
✓ 2022-23: Slight reduction to ₹32,557 crore (2.50% of GSDP).
Implications
Persistent fiscal deficits pose risks to financial sustainability and limit future budget flexibility and
economic stability.
Fiscal Deficit Comparison (2021-22)

✓ Telangana: 4.1% of GSDP, indicating significant budgetary stress.
✓ Odisha: Surplus of 3.1%.
✓ Jharkhand: Low deficit of 0.7%.
✓ Maharashtra: 2.1%.
✓ Andhra Pradesh: 2.2%.
Notes:
1. Gross Fiscal Deficit (GFD) receipts include
revenue receipts and miscellaneous capital
receipts.
2. GFD Expenditure includes revenue
expenditure, capital outlay, and loans and
advances net of recoveries.
Debt Sustainability Outstanding Liability

Trend
Public Debt: Total financial liabilities of a state
government, including unpaid borrowed funds,
secured by the consolidated fund.
Key Metric: Debt-to-GSDP Ratio

Importance: Compares total debt to Gross State
Domestic Product (GSDP), indicating the state's
ability to repay obligations. A higher ratio
signals greater risk of default and challenges in
debt management.
Telangana's Outstanding Debt Trend
◼ 2014-15: Debt at ₹72,658 crore (14.4% of GSDP).
◼ 2023-24 Estimate: Projected to rise to ₹3,89,673 crore (27.8% of GSDP).
◼ 2015-16: Debt-to-GSDP ratio was 15.7%, one of the lowest in India.
◼ 2023-24: Ratio nearly doubled to 27.8%, surpassing the 25% ceiling set by the Fiscal Responsibility
and Budget Management (FRBM) Act.
Fiscal Sustainability: Rising debt levels raise concerns about fiscal sustainability and economic stability.
Budgetary Flexibility: Increased debt constrains budget flexibility and limits investment in critical sectors.
Future Financial Pressure: If not addressed, growing liabilities may lead to greater financial strain on future
budgets.

Guarantees (Off Budget borrowing)
Definition: Off-budget borrowings refer to loans taken by entities outside the government but
guaranteed by the state, which become liabilities for the Consolidated Fund due to insufficient financial
resources of these entities.
◼ Debt Impact: Including government-guaranteed loans from Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs), the
debt-to-GSDP ratio could rise to 36.9%.
◼ Current Off-Budget Borrowings: As of December 2023, 17 SPVs and institutions have borrowed
₹1,85,029 crore, with ₹1,27,208 crore outstanding that the state supports due to repayment
difficulties.
Guaranteed but Not Serviced:

◼ 14 SPVs have borrowed ₹1,18,557 crore.
◼ Outstanding Debt: ₹95,462 crore.
◼ These entities are capable of servicing their debt.
Independently Serviced Loans:

Corporations have taken loans totaling ₹59,414 crore, serviced independently without burdening the
state.
Total Debt Overview

Combined Debt Load: The total debt, including all categories (on-book state debt, guaranteed and
serviced debts, guaranteed but not serviced debts, and independently serviced corporate debts),
amounts to ₹6,71,757 crore.
Fiscal Health: The complexities of off-budget financing pose significant risks to the state’s fiscal health,
indicating potential challenges related to rising liabilities and budgetary constraints.
High Interest Burden from Government Guarantees

Top Five Corporations: Account for 95% of outstanding
government guarantees.
Loan Interest Rates: Ranges from 8.93% to 10.49%, compared
to 7.63% for Open Market Borrowings (OMB).
Revenue Issues: Corporations lack significant revenue sources.
Outstanding Liabilities to GSDP Ratio (2021-22)

Telangana: 27.9% of GSDP, mid-range among Indian states.
Comparisons:
Lower than Punjab (46.4%) and West Bengal (40.2%).
Higher than Maharashtra (19.5%) and Gujarat (20.1%).
Implication: Need for prudent fiscal management for
sustainable growth.
Interest Payments to Revenue Receipts
Telangana: Interest payments of ₹19,161 crore against revenue
receipts of ₹1,27,469 crore, resulting in a ratio of 15.0%.
Comparison:
Higher than Maharashtra (12.0%) and Karnataka (12.8%).
Slightly lower than Gujarat (15.1%) and Rajasthan (15.3%).
Concern: High-interest payments affect fiscal health and
investment capacity, underscoring the need for effective debt
management.

2. AGRICULTURE & ALLIED SECTORS
Agriculture Overview in Telangana
Significance: Agriculture and allied sectors are crucial to Telangana's economy, providing substantial
employment, especially in rural areas.
Employment:
◼ 66.15% of the rural workforce.
◼ 47.34% of the total state workforce.
Macro Trends
◼ Sector Contribution: Agriculture's contribution to Gross State Value Added (GSVA) remains steady
at 16-17%.
◼ Change in Contribution: Decreased by 1.2%, from 17.0% in 2022-23 (FRE) to 15.8% in 2023-24 (AE).
Crop Sector Contribution in Telangana

✓ Decrease in GSVA: Contribution of the crops sector fell by 1.0%, from 8.5% in 2022-23 (FRE) to 7.5%
in 2023-24 (AE).
Factors for Decline:
✓ Delayed Monsoon: Arrived 17 days late on June 22, 2023.
✓ Rainfall Variability: Significant fluctuations, especially deficits in August and October, impacted
yields of dry crops (e.g., Redgram, Maize).
✓ Water Issues: Prolonged dry spells and groundwater depletion worsened conditions.
Sector Shifts (2022-23 to 2023-24)

✓ Crops: Decreased from 49.8% to 47.5% of primary sector GSVA (down 2.3%).
✓ Livestock: Increased from 44.7% to 46.8% (up 2.1%).
✓ Forestry & Logging: Stable at 2.2%.
✓ Fishing & Aquaculture: Slight increase from 3.3% to 3.5%.
✓ Agriculture Growth Contribution
✓ Crops: Contribution declined from 7.89% to -0.39%.
✓ Livestock: Grew from 2.35% to 3.99%.
✓ Forestry & Logging: Improved from -0.93% to 0.07%.
✓ Fishing & Aquaculture: Decreased from 0.44% to 0.36%.

Land Use Pattern in Telangana
✓ Total Area: 276.95 lakh acres (112.08 lakh
hectares).
✓ Land Distribution (2022-23):
✓ Net Sown Area: 52.61%
✓ Forest Cover: 24.70%
✓ Non-Agricultural Use: 7.62%
✓ Fallow Land: 5.78%
✓ Barren and Uncultivable Land: 5.42%
✓ Culturable Waste, Pastures, etc.: 3.87%
Land Holding Pattern

Total Operational Holdings: 70.60 lakhs covering 63.12 lakh hectares (2021-22).
Marginal and Small Farmers:
◼ 91.4% of landholdings (<4.94 acres).
◼ Account for 68.2% of the area (43 lakh hectares).
Other Farmer Categories:
◼ Semi-Medium Farmers: 7.1% of holdings, 20.5% of area.
◼ Medium Farmers: 1.4% of holdings, 8.7% of area.
◼ Large Farmers: 0.1% of holdings, 2.6% of area.
◼ Average Landholding Size: 0.89 hectares (down from 1.00 hectare in 2015-16).
Agricultural Holdings (2015-16 to 2021-22)

◼ Total Holdings: Increased from 59.48 lakh to 70.60 lakh.
◼ Marginal Holdings (<2.47 acres): Increased from 64.6% to 68.7%.
◼ Small Holdings (2.48-4.94 acres): Slight decrease from 23.7% to 22.7%.
◼ Semi-Medium Holdings (4.95-9.88 acres): Dropped from 9.5% to 7.1%.
◼ Medium Holdings (9.89-24.77 acres): Declined from 2.1% to 1.4%.
◼ Large Holdings (≥24.78 acres): Marginal decrease from 0.2% to 0.1%.
Landholding Distribution by Social Groups (2015-16 to 2021-22)
Scheduled Castes (SC):
Own 13.9% of landholdings.
Cover 9.7% of total area.
Increase from 11.8% to 13.9% of total holdings.
Scheduled Tribes (ST):

Own 11.8% of agricultural landholdings.
Slight decrease from 12% to 11.8% of total holdings.
Others:
Own 74.3% of landholdings.
Decrease from 76.2% to 74.3% of total holdings.
District-wise Average Land Holding in Telangana
Higher Average Holdings:

◼ Adilabad: 1.5 hectares
◼ Kumuram Bheem: 1.4 hectares
◼ Bhadradri: 1.3 hectares
Lower Average Holdings:

◼ Karimnagar: 0.75 hectares
◼ Warangal: 0.74 hectares
◼ Kamareddy: 0.73 hectares
◼ Medak: 0.6 hectares
Rainfall Overview (2023-24)

◼ Total Rainfall: 994.8 mm (8% above normal of 919 mm)
◼ Seasonal Variations:
◼ South-West Monsoon: +17%
◼ North-East Monsoon: -53%
◼ Winter: -90%
◼ Hot Weather: +45%
Trends in Agriculture Output

Sown Area
Overall Growth:
Total Gross Sown Area: Increased from 198 lakh acres (2021-22) to 222 lakh acres (2022-23).
Growth Rate: Approximately 12.1% increase.
Seasonal Breakdown:
Vanakalam Season:
Increased from 142 lakh acres (2021-22) to 147 lakh acres (2022-23) (3.5% growth).
Yasangi Season:
Significant rise from 56 lakh acres (2021-22) to 75 lakh acres (2022-23).

Crop Distribution in Vanakalam
Paddy:
2021-22: 43.79%
2022-23: 44.30%
Cotton:
2021-22: 32.90%
2022-23: 34.08%
⚫ Maize: Decreased from 5.04% to 4.23%.
⚫ Redgram: Dropped from 5.44% to 3.83%.
⚫ Soybean: Increased from 2.66% to 3.39%.
Yasangi Season Crop Trends (2021-22 to 2022-23)

◼ Paddy: Dominated the gross sown area, increasing from 63.46% to 76.66%.
◼ Maize: Decreased from 10.01% to 8.71%.
◼ Bengalgram: Dropped from 6.97% to 4.87%.
◼ Groundnut: Declined from 6.25% to 3.13%.
◼ Jowar: Maintained a minor presence, slightly decreasing from 2.34% to 1.73%.
Production of Major Crops in Telangana (2022-23)

Total Agricultural Production: 414 lakh MTs
Paddy:
Area: 122.45 lakh acres
Production: 258 lakh MTs
Cotton:

Production: 30.59 lakh MTs
Maize:
Production: 28.65 lakh MTs
Yield Trends (kg/acre)
✓ Paddy: Increased from 2,064 to 2,108 kg/acre

✓ Maize: Decreased from 2,350 to 2,249 kg/acre
✓ Redgram: Improved from 311 to 357 kg/acre
✓ Bengalgram: Increased from 570 to 634 kg/acre
✓ Cotton: Climbed from 537 to 611 kg/acre
✓ Groundnut: Increased from 913 to 990 kg/acre
✓ Other Crops: Showed stable or minor yield changes.
Programs for Farmers' Welfare

Rythu Bharosa:
Transition from the Rythu Bandhu scheme to target genuine farmers, including tenant cultivators.
Proposed increase in assistance from ₹10,000 to ₹15,000 per acre per annum for landholders and ₹12,000
for agricultural laborers.
Crop Insurance:
Reimplementation of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) from Kharif 2024.
Features:
✓ Universal coverage for all notified crops.
✓ No premium cost to farmers; state government covers it.
✓ Technology-driven processes for enrollment and claims.
Rythu Nestham and Crop Loan Waiver Scheme 2024

Rythu Nestham Program:
✓ Objective: Enhance agricultural extension through real-time interactions.
✓ Collaboration: Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU).
Features:
✓ Video conferences via Zoom and YouTube Live in 110 Rythu Vedikas.
✓ Weekly online training for farmers and extension officers.
✓ Phase II aims to install 456 units at Mandal Level Rythu Vedikas.
Crop Loan Waiver Scheme 2024:

✓ Purpose: Alleviate farmer debt up to ₹2 lakh, including principal and interest.
✓ Eligibility: Based on food security cards; applies to loans taken between Dec 12, 2018, and Dec 9, 2023.
✓ Implementation: Nodal Officer from the Agriculture Department; IT portal for loan data and eligibility
verification.
✓ Benefits: Direct transfer of waiver amounts to eligible farmers’ loan accounts; grievance cells for
complaint resolution.
TG MARKFED
✓ Telangana Co-Operative Marketing Federation Ltd. (TG MARKFED) is the apex organization in
Telangana's cooperative sector, comprising 592 cooperatives.
✓ Role: Nodal agency for storage and supply of fertilizers to Primary Agriculture Cooperative Credit
Societies (PACS).
✓ Functions:

✓ Procures coarse grains and pulses under MSP and Price Support schemes.
✓ Generates revenue through storage facilities for fertilizers and farmers’ produce.
✓ 2023-24 Achievements:
✓ Fertilizer sales: 887,647 MTs.
✓ Sales breakdown: 15,744 MTs DAP, 21,526 MTs complex fertilizers, 849,407 MTs urea.
✓ Total sales value: Approx. ₹562 crore.
Telangana State Seeds Development Corporation

✓ Mandate: Ensure production and supply of quality seeds for various crop varieties.
✓ Seed Production:
✓ Focus on foundation and certified seeds.
✓ Involves 5,700 farmers across 45,000 acres.
✓ Crops Covered: Major crops include paddy, Bengal gram, groundnut, and soybean, as well as hybrid
maize, jowar, and various vegetables.
✓ Quality Assurance: Guarantees seed quality through certification processes and integrates new high-
yielding varieties from PJTSAU and ICAR.
Telangana State Seed and Organic Certification Authority (TGSSOCA)

✓ Vision: Ensure the supply of high-quality seeds of notified varieties through a rigorous seed certification
process.
✓ Mission: Adopt national and international seed certification standards.
✓ Educate farmers on quality seed production.
✓ Promote organic farming through certification.
✓ Enhance coordination among stakeholders.
✓ Annual Targets: Certifies approximately 20 lakh quintals of seeds, supplying to both neighboring states
and within Telangana.
International Certification:
✓ Initiated OECD Seed Certification since 2016-17.
✓ Certified around 1,500 acres, exporting about 42,700 quintals globally.
✓ Organic Certification: Established in 2017, accredited by APEDA, following NPOP and PGS standards.
Achievements in 2023-24
✓ National Seed Certification: Registered 1,06,548 acres, estimating 16,46,000 quintals to meet local
demand.
✓ Recent Registrations: From December 2023, 78,918.75 acres registered, with an estimated production
of 13 lakh quintals.
✓ OECD Certification: Registered 1,015.41 acres, producing 15,164 quintals and exporting 20,000 quintals
to Egypt.
✓ Organic Certification: Registered 1,58,906 acres, involving 33,775 farmers.
✓ Revenue: Generated approximately ₹980.48 lakhs in 2023-24.
✓ Phyto-Sanitary Certification: Authorized by the Government of India to promote seed exports.
Horticulture in Telangana
Objective: Expand horticulture crop area to enhance nutritional security and increase farmer income
through higher yields.
Key Schemes:
✓ Micro Irrigation Project (TGMIP)
✓ State Horticulture Mission (MIDH)
✓ Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)

✓ National Bamboo Mission
✓ Sub-Mission of Agro-Forestry
✓ National Mission on Edible Oils – Oil Palm (since 2021-22)
2022-23 Highlights:
◼ Area Under Horticulture: 12.12 lakh acres
◼ Production: 53.06 lakh MTs
◼ Major Crops: Mango, Sweet Orange, Acid Lime, Guava, Pomegranate, Tomato, Brinjal, Oil Palm, Cashew
Nut, Chillies, and Turmeric.
Oil Palm Cultivation

Current Status:
◼ Area Cultivated in India: 11.37 lakh acres
◼ Production: 22.29 lakh MTs of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) and 3.91 lakh MTs of crude Palm oil annually.
◼ Self-Sufficiency Goal: Requires an estimated 70 lakh acres of cultivation.
National Mission on Edible Oils - Oil Palm (NMEO-OP):

◼ Aims to boost edible oilseed production and reduce import dependency.
◼ Target: Add 16.25 lakh acres by 2025-26, with 3.125 lakh acres specifically for Telangana.
Telangana's Progress:
◼ By 2020-21, only 46,324 acres under Oil Palm, limited to four districts.
◼ Post-NMEO-OP launch in 2021-22, expansion to all districts except Hyderabad and Medchal-Malkajgiri.
◼ Current Cultivation (2023-24): Approximately 2.03 lakh acres, with 1,56,927 acres under NMEO-OP.
Infrastructure Development:
14 processing companies and 43 nurseries across 31 districts.
Two processing units in Bhadradri-Kothagudem with a capacity of 120 MTs per hour, plus five new mills
planned.
Action Plan Summary (2024-25 to 2028-29)
1. Oil Palm Cultivation Expansion
◼ Target: 1 lakh acres in 2024-25; 3.50 lakh acres by 2028-29.
◼ Budget: Rs. 348.81 Crore (2024-25); total Rs. 1279.53 Crore.
◼ Support for Farmers: Garden maintenance, inter-cropping, agronomic assistance.
◼ Outcomes: Increased oil palm area, reduced edible oil imports, assured farmer income for 25 years, rural
employment, and ancillary industry growth.

2. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) - Per Drop More Crop
◼ Objective: Enhance water use efficiency via micro irrigation (drip and sprinkler).
◼ Coverage (2023-24):
◼ Drip irrigation for other crops: 63.2 ha
◼ Drip irrigation for oil palm: 16,563 ha
◼ Sprinkler irrigation: 3,048.3 ha
◼ Total: 19,674.5 hectares
◼ Financial Coverage: Rs. 94.7 Crore.
3. Improving Irrigation Facilities

Goal: Assured irrigation for 127.59 lakh acres, especially in drought-prone areas.
Focus: Maintain existing projects and enhance water use efficiency.
4. Animal Husbandry and Fisheries

Contribution: Livestock sector's revenue increased from 4% to 16% (2002-2019).
Engagement: 29 lakh families in Telangana involved in livestock.
Population Growth (2012-2019): From 26.7 million to 32.6 million (22.09% growth).
Small Holders: 62% of milk production from small/marginal farmers; 69% workforce women.
5. Livestock Statistics in Telangana

Populations:
Sheep: 190.63 lakh
Poultry: 799.99 lakh
Buffalo: 42.26 lakh
Goat: 49.35 lakh
Cattle: 42.31 lakh
Pigs: 1.78 lakh
Per Capita Availability (2022-23):

Eggs: 392; Meat: 23.97 kg.
Livestock Sector Growth in Telangana

Economic Contribution
GSVA Increase: From Rs. 90,857 crore (2022-23) to Rs. 98,961 crore (2023-24).

Government Initiatives
Mobile Veterinary Clinics:
◼ Launched: 2017.
◼ Coverage: 100 IT-enabled clinics, treating over 39 lakh cases by April 2024.
◼ Average Service: 937 cases and 9.4 trips per vehicle daily.
Milk Incentive Scheme:

◼ Support for Dairy Farmers: Rs. 4 per litre for milk supplied to cooperatives (e.g., Vijaya, NARMUL).
◼ Resumption of Payments: Approved to start in April 2024 after a financial freeze in 2022-23.
◼ New Payment System: Daily payments via Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) for efficiency and transparency.
Veterinary Services Expansion:

◼ Mobile Veterinary Units: 100 sanctioned by the Government of India.
◼ New Vaccine Production Unit: At Mamidipally, producing 10 lakh doses annually (Rs. 75 crore outlay).
◼ Infrastructure Upgrades: 25 Area Veterinary Hospitals to District level and 63 sub-centers to Primary
Veterinary Centers.
Frozen Semen Production:
◼ New Station at Kamsanpally: Rs. 22 crore investment, boosting production to 37 lakh doses.
◼ Artificial Insemination Training Institute (SAITI): In Kodangal, aims for 70% AI coverage of breedable
population (Rs. 4.50 crore).
Bovine Breeding Policy:

◼ Focus on improving milk yield with indigenous breeds (Sahiwal, Gir, Ongole, Murrah, Mehsana).
◼ Scope for Improvement
◼ Milk Production Needs: Increased production and supply are necessary.
◼ Financial Challenges: Lack of financial releases in 2022-23 affected dairy farmers.
◼ Future Actions:
◼ Fodder Production: Encourage dairy farmers to enhance fodder supply.
◼ Artificial Insemination: Upgrade cattle and buffalo populations to boost productivity.
Forests and Environment in Telangana

Importance of Forests
Livelihood Support: Crucial for rural communities and local economies.
Environmental Benefits: Mitigate global warming, conserve soil, and protect wildlife.
Carbon Sinks: Vital for carbon sequestration.
Forest Management
Managed by the state forest administration in collaboration with the Government of India.
Focus on conservation and sustainable resource use.
Strategy aims to enhance green cover while integrating livelihood opportunities.
Biodiversity
Flora and Fauna:
◼ 2,939 plant species
◼ 365 bird species
◼ 103 mammal species
◼ 28 reptile species
Protected Areas:
◼ 12 designated areas (9 wildlife sanctuaries, 3 national parks)
◼ Total area: 5,692.48 sq. km.

Forest Coverage
◼ Total Forest Land: 26,969 sq. km, making up 24% of the state’s geographical area (1,12,077 sq. km).
◼ Comparison to National Average: Telangana’s forest cover is slightly better than the national average
of 21.34%.
Key Protected Areas

◼ Manjeera Wildlife Sanctuary: Home to the endangered Marsh Crocodile and migratory birds like Painted
Stork and Herons.
◼ Shivaram Wildlife Sanctuary: Another key wetland area supporting diverse wildlife.
Revenue from Forestry

◼ 2021-22 Income: Rs. 26.54 crore.
◼ 2022-23 Income: Rs. 30.06 crore, reflecting a 13.26% increase.
Vanamahotsavam and Urban Forestry Initiatives in Telangana

Vanamahotsavam Program
Objective: Increase tree cover from 24% to 33% of the total
geographical area.
Focus Areas: Initiatives in both notified forest areas and areas outside
them.
Seedling Plantation Statistics:
◼ 2022-23: 2,293 lakh seedlings planted (target: 1,954 lakh).
◼ 2023-24: 1,807 lakh seedlings planted (target: 1,929 lakh).
◼ 2024-25 Target: 2,002 lakh seedlings (1,009 lakh by Urban
Development, 637 lakh by Rural Development, 134 lakh by Forest
Department).
Urban Forest Parks

◼ Purpose: Transform Urban Forest Blocks into parks to provide green spaces and promote sustainable
urban development.
◼ Locations: 109 parks (59 within HMDA limits, 50 outside).
◼ Area Covered: 75,740 acres; 73 parks completed and open to the public.
◼ Usage: Primarily by morning walkers, day visitors, and students.
◼ Funding: Entry fees are levied for maintenance.
◼ Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA)
◼ Establishment: Created post the formation of Telangana on June 2, 2014.
◼ Role: Manage funds for compensatory afforestation under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980.

Activities Include:
◼ Plantations in degraded lands.
◼ Assisted natural regeneration.
◼ Forest protection and fire management.
◼ Biodiversity and wildlife conservation.
◼ Monitoring and evaluation.
Afforestation Achievements (2014-15 to 2023-24)

◼ Total Area Cultivated: 63,475 hectares.
◼ 19,874.78 hectares under Compensatory Afforestation.
◼ 43,600 hectares under Net Present Value.
◼ Expenditure: Rs. 2,407.77 crore.
◼ Expenditure Efficiency by District (2014-15 to 2023-24)
High Efficiency:
✓ Khammam: 84.9%
✓ Adilabad: 82.60%
✓ Bhupalpally: 81.88%
✓ Hanumakonda: 71.55%
✓ Karimnagar: 73.6%
✓ Hyderabad: 70.21%
Lower Efficiency:
✓ Mancherial: 41.90%
✓ Sangareddy: 29.16%
Project Tiger in Telangana

Overview Telangana has two dedicated Tiger Reserves aimed at protecting and conserving the
endangered tiger population:
1. Amrabad Tiger Reserve (ATR)
Location: Nallamala hill tracts, covering Mahaboobnagar and Nalgonda districts.
Core Area: 2,166.37 sq km
Buffer Area: 445.02 sq km
Tiger Population:
Historical decline to single digits in 2006.
Current revival due to effective management and protection efforts.
2. Kawal Tiger Reserve
Core Area: 892.23 sq km
Buffer Area: 1,123.21 sq km
Connectivity:
Contiguous forest areas linked to Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve (Maharashtra) and Indravati Tiger
Reserve (Chhattisgarh).
Tiger Population:
Recent sightings: 4 tigers in the buffer area and 2 in the core area.
Total of 7 tigers reported in core, buffer, and corridor areas according to the All India Tiger Estimation
(AITE) 2022.
Other Wildlife:
41 panthers recorded in Telangana's forest landscape, indicating an improvement from previous counts.
Mitigating Human-Wildlife Conflict in Telangana

✓ Human Deaths: Compensation increased from Rs. 5 lakh to Rs. 10 lakh for each human death due
to wildlife conflict.
✓ Revised Compensation Rates: Adjustments made for other categories of conflict, including: Human
Injuries, Cattle Kills, Crop Damage.
Key Points on Environmental Initiatives in Telangana

✓ Environment Protection Training and Research Institute (EPTRI): Founded in 1992; nodal agency for
climate change.
✓ Manages the Telangana Climate Change Centre and develops a ten-year State Climate Change
Action Plan.

✓ Transformed Jawahar Nagar dumping site for solid waste management, earning Hyderabad the
'Green City Award'.
✓ Supports environmental start-ups through its Innovation and Incubation Hub.
Telangana Forest Development Corporation (TGFDC):
✓ Established to raise plantations for wood-based industries.
✓ Cultivated over 32,951 hectares with various species, generating Rs 934 crore in revenue from
harvested pulpwood and bamboo.
Telangana Pollution Control Board (TGPCB):
✓ Monitors environmental quality and implements pollution control measures.
✓ Conducts water quality assessments at 244 locations and air quality monitoring at 52 sites.
✓ Utilizes advanced technologies to enforce environmental standards.
Scope for Eco-Tourism: Telangana has rich natural and cultural heritage, ideal for eco-tourism. Potential
to boost jobs and preserve heritage through sustainable practices and eco-friendly infrastructure
development.

3. SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT
The primary objective of the welfare state is to enhance social infrastructure, ensuring a sustainable and
improved standard of living for its citizens. The Government of Telangana envisions a comprehensive
approach to social development that prioritises the welfare of Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes
(STs), Backward Classes (BCs), and Minority Communities, education, health and well-being, and balanced
rural and urban development.
Abhaya Hastam (The Six Guarantees)

The Abhaya Hastam initiative aims to enhance the welfare of citizens in Telangana through six
comprehensive schemes designed to support various sectors, including agricultural workers, tenants,
laborers, women, children, and people with disabilities. The focus is on providing financial support for
economic growth.
The Six Guarantees:
1. Mahalakshmi: Financial assistance for women's empowerment.
2. Rythu Bharosa: Support for farmers to enhance agricultural productivity.
3. Gruha Jyothi: Provision of electricity to households, promoting energy access.
4. Indiramma Indlu: Housing scheme to ensure shelter for all.
5. Yuva Vikasam: Initiatives aimed at youth development and employment opportunities.
6. Cheyutha: Support for women and marginalized groups to achieve self-reliance

Praja Palana Programme
The Praja Palana Programme aims to establish a people-centric government in Telangana by
implementing social security measures and welfare schemes in a phased manner, ensuring the fulfillment
of six key promises made by the government.
Key Features:
✓ District-In-Charge Ministers: Appointed to monitor and review the program's implementation in their
respective districts.
✓ Public Engagement: Organized from December 28, 2023, to January 6, 2024, in all Gram Panchayats and
urban local bodies, receiving approximately 1.28 crore applications for five guarantee schemes.
✓ Application Management: All applications have been computerized and uploaded to the Praja Palana
web portal for streamlined processing.
✓ Praja Palana Seva Kendras (PPSKs): Established at MPDO, Municipal, and Circle offices (totaling 956
centers) to assist applicants in rectifying their data. As of July 10, 2024, 7.14 lakh applications have been
corrected.
Welfare of Marginalized Communities

The government implements a comprehensive welfare framework aimed at uplifting Scheduled Castes,
Scheduled Tribes, Backward Classes, and Minorities.
Objectives:
◼ Social Justice: Addressing the specific needs of marginalized groups to create an equitable society.
◼ Education Initiatives: Bridging literacy and skill gaps.
◼ Economic Programs: Fostering job creation, financial assistance, and entrepreneurship.
◼ Health and Nutrition: Improving overall well-being.
◼ Social Empowerment: Raising awareness and protecting rights.
Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes Special Development Funds (SC/ST SDFs)

The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Special Development Fund Act, 2017 aims to support the
welfare of SC/ST communities through economic, educational, and human development initiatives.
Key Allocations for 2023-24:
SC Special Development Fund (SCSDF):

Allocation: ₹36,750.48 crore, making up 23.03% of the total State Pragatipaddu outlay, with Rs. 14,648.94
crore spent on the development of Scheduled Castes (SCs)
ST Special Development Fund (STSDF):

Allocation: ₹15,232.62 crore, accounting for 9.45% of the total State Pragatipaddu outlay, with Rs.
10,398.96 crore spent on the development of Scheduled Tribes (STs)
Kalyana Lakshmi / Shadi Mubarak Scheme

This marriage assistance program provides ₹1,00,116 to unmarried girls above 18 years, aimed at
reducing financial strain on families of SCs, STs, BCs, EBCs, and Minorities. It also includes inter-caste and
love marriages.
Financial Disbursements in 2023-24:

◼ SC Families: ₹236.67 crore to 23,636 beneficiaries.
◼ ST Families: ₹177.38 crore to 17,715 beneficiaries.
◼ BC/EBC Families: ₹831.64 crore to 83,067 beneficiaries.
◼ Minority Families: ₹419.13 crore to 41,858 beneficiaries.

Educational Support Initiatives
◼ Residential Educational Institutions
◼ The government aims to uplift marginalized children through quality education, resulting in high pass
rates:
◼ Pass Rate: Over 80% in SSC and above 90% in intermediate (2023-24).
Telangana Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society (TGSWREIS):

◼ Institutions: 268 (174 for girls, 94 for boys).
◼ Students Enrolled: 1,52,345.
◼ Education Levels: 238 institutions for Grades 5-12, and 30 for undergraduate and postgraduate studies.
◼ Global Opportunities: Partnerships with prestigious institutions in India and abroad (USA, Scotland, etc.).
Telangana Tribal Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society (TGTWREIS)

◼ Institutions: 165 Residential Educational Institutions from Grade I to Postgraduate.
◼ Focus: English medium education.
◼ Student Population: Nearly 77,440 students.
◼ Ekalavya Model Schools: 23 schools dedicated to tribal education.
Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Telangana Backward Classes Welfare Residential Educational Institutions
Society (MJPTBCWREIS)
◼ Institutions: 327 educational institutions, including: 33 schools, 261 schools-cum-residential colleges
◼ 33 Degree colleges (specializing in agriculture, law, fine arts, and hotel management).
◼ Students Supported: 1,49,189 in 2023-24.
◼ Expenditure: ₹683.27 crore.
◼ Projected Student Population: Around 2,06,680 in 2024-25.
◼ Teacher Recruitment: 3,805 teachers added in March 2024.
Telangana Minorities Residential Educational Institutions Society (TGMREIS)

◼ Institutions: 204 schools-cum-junior colleges (107 for boys, 97 for girls).
◼ Student Population: 1,30,560 students (68,480 boys, 62,080 girls).
◼ Achievements: High performance in SSC, intermediate exams, and competitive exams (JEE, NEET, ICAI,
CLAT, EAPCET).
Scholarships
◼ To reduce dropout rates among marginalized communities, the government provides:
◼ Pre-Matric & Post-Matric Scholarships: Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) for residential and non-residential
students covering maintenance charges and tuition fees.
Disbursement in 2023-24:
◼ SC Students: ₹219.50 crore to 1,42,785 students.
◼ ST Students: ₹163.09 crore to 1,36,600 students.
◼ BC Students: ₹106.47 crore to 2,44,766 students.
◼ Minority Students: ₹16.2 crore to 44,949 students.
Fee Reimbursement:
◼ BC and EBC Students: ₹365.37 crore to 1,92,908 BC and 21,482 EBC students.
◼ Minority Students: ₹119.53 crore to 53,883 students.
Hostels for Marginalised Communities

➢ Scheduled Castes (SC):
647 Pre-Matric and 213 Post-Matric hostels.
Enrolment: 77,824 students.
➢ Scheduled Tribes (ST):

322 Ashram Schools, 138 Pre-Matric, and 163 Post-Matric hostels.
Total boarders: 1,32,743.
➢ Backward Classes (BC):

700 hostels from 3rd class to PG level (380 in government buildings, 320 in private).
Enrolment in 2023-24: 72,770 students.
➢ Minorities:
6 Post-Matric hostels.
Enrolment in 2023-24: 200 students.
Scholarships for Overseas Education

Financial Assistance: ₹20 lakh for students from marginalized families (annual income < ₹5 lakh).
Schemes:
◼ SC/ST: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Overseas Vidya Nidhi.
◼ BC/EBC: Mahatma Jyotiba Phule BC Overseas Vidya Nidhi.
◼ Minorities: Chief Minister’s Overseas Scholarship Scheme.
◼ Disbursement in 2023-24: ₹296.19 crore to various beneficiaries (SC, ST, BC, EBC, minorities).
Study Circles and Coaching Centres

Objective: To train unemployed youth for competitive exams and enhance educational outcomes.
Telangana SC and ST Study Circles
Focus: Coaching for competitive exams (Civil Services, SSC, etc.).
New Branches: Established in 12 districts.
Expenditure: ₹14.88 crore for coaching 147 students in 2023-24.
Telangana BC Study Circles
Support: Free coaching for BC unemployed graduates and postgraduates.
Initiatives: Online coaching for Teacher Recruitment Exam; joint UPSC Civil Services coaching.
Materials Support: Financial assistance for DSC recruitment materials to 10,000 BC candidates.
Telangana Minorities Study Circle
Programs: Coaching for competitive exams and career counseling.
Achievements: 9,805 admissions, 823 selections in competitive exams, 325 trained in 2023-24.
Economic Support Schemes (ESS)

Objective: Uplift SC, ST, BC, and Minority communities with financial assistance for income-generating
assets and self-employment.
Disbursement in 2023-24:
SC: ₹51.40 crore to 2,239 beneficiaries.
ST: ₹26.96 crore to 2,802 beneficiaries.
BC/EBC: ₹481.20 crore to 48,120 beneficiaries.
Minorities: ₹116.49 crore to 11,649 beneficiaries.
Skill Development
◼ Training Programs: For SC youth in sectors like Transport, IT, Healthcare, and Hospitality, with at least
75% placement assurance.

◼ Expenditure: ₹31.75 crore benefiting 4,163 individuals in 2023-24.
◼ Long-term Support: 25,816 beneficiaries over ten years with ₹123.58 crore.
Infrastructure Development in ST Habitations

◼ Objective: Enhance tribal infrastructure with BT roads and educational facilities.
◼ Projects: 748 projects approved connecting 754 ST habitations.
◼ Budget: ₹1,146.81 crore for 1,325.17 km of road construction in 2023-24.
◼ Educational Infrastructure: Investments in schools, hostels, classrooms, and sanitation facilities, totaling
₹1,011.63 crore since state formation.
Giri Vikasam
◼ Objective: To provide irrigation facilities to fallow and uncultivable agricultural lands owned by small
and marginal ST farmers, promoting sustainable agriculture.
◼ Area converted to agricultural land: 12,343 acres.
◼ Beneficiaries: 4,167 ST farmers.
◼ Investment: ₹43.06 crore.
Health Care Initiatives – ST Habitations

Health Programs:
◼ Giri Poshana-Nutri Basket Scheme, in collaboration with ICRISAT: Distributes nutritious food to pregnant
and lactating women and young children, combating anaemia and malnutrition.
◼ Birth Waiting Rooms: 20 constructed in remote areas for timely assistance to ST pregnant women,
aiming to reduce maternal and infant mortality rates.
◼ Establishment of diagnostic Hubs, repairs to primary health centres and bike ambulances, are aimed at
enhancing healthcare access and outcomes for tribal populations.
Giri Super Bazar

◼ Giri Super Bazaar: Offers quality natural consumable items at reduced prices in three ITDA areas.
◼ Girijan Filling Stations: Address fuel shortages, create local employment, and prevent contaminated fuel
sales.
◼ Value-Added Processing Units: For honey, chilli, and turmeric, ensuring fair prices for tribal farmers and
creating jobs.
◼ Van Dhan Vikas Yojana (VDVK): Supports sustainable Minor Forest Produce (MFP) collection through
training and safety equipment.
Centre for Educational Development of Minorities (CEDM)

◼ Nodal Agency: Osmania University designated for educational projects for minority communities.
◼ Achievements (2023-24): 1,461 Urdu-medium tenth-grade students received free coaching and
materials. Free coaching for candidates preparing for competitive exams.
◼ Future Plans (2024-25): 3,317 individuals targeted across 30 centres.
◼ Budget allocation: ₹66.67 crore (₹50.01 crore issued).
Haj Pilgrimage Activities for Minorities

◼ Oversight: Managed by the Telangana Haj Committee.
◼ Activities: Application processing, training camps, health camps, transportation, and accommodation
for pilgrims.
New Initiatives
Ambedkar Abhaya Hastham (AAH)
◼ Purpose: Enhance existing schemes for BPL SC families.

◼ Ambedkar Abhaya Hastham (AAH) on a pilot basis with a unit cost of Rs. 12.0 lakh per family to enhance
the existing scheme
◼ Components: A Triple Benefit Package including self-employment and social security schemes.
◼ Pilot Target: 11,900 SC families across 119 Assembly Constituencies.
◼ Budget: ₹1,428 crore.
Caste Survey (Kulaganana)
◼ Objective: Conduct a comprehensive caste survey for the entire state population.
◼ Purpose: Gather socio-economic, educational, employment, and political data to inform policy-making.
◼ Recommended by the Telangana Commission for Backward Classes.
◼ Approved by the State Cabinet on February 4, 2024; resolution adopted on February 16, 2024.
◼ Formalized through order on March 15, 2024.
New BC Corporations
◼ In 2024, the Telangana government established nine new Backward Classes (BC) corporations to support
various communities, including: Mudiraj, Yadava, Kurma, Munnuru Kapu, Padmashali, Perika, Lingayath,
Mera, Gangaputra
◼ Additionally, separate welfare boards for Economically Backward Classes (EBCs) have been created.
Housing Programme
◼ Objective: To provide dignity to every Below Poverty Line (BPL) family by assisting in the construction
of permanent (Pucca) houses with adequate amenities.
◼ Financial Assistance:
◼ Rural Areas: ₹5.04 lakh per house.
◼ Urban Areas: ₹5.30 lakh per house.
◼ Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) Areas:
◼ ₹7.00 lakh for certain houses.
◼ ₹7.90 lakh for others.
◼ Progress (as of March 31, 2024):
◼ Total Houses Taken Up: 2,30,336
◼ Total Project Cost: ₹15,698.56 crore
◼ Completed Houses: 1,54,260 (Expenditure: ₹12,560.74 crore)
◼ Houses Nearing Completion: 42,047
◼ Houses at Various Stages of Construction: 34,029
◼ Houses Handed Over to Beneficiaries: 1,31,237
Indiramma Indlu Housing Programme

◼ The Indiramma Indlu housing programme is a new initiative launched by the Telangana government
aimed at addressing the housing needs of families from low-socio-economic sections.
◼ Target: To construct 22.50 lakh houses over five years.
◼ Cost per House: Each house will cost ₹5.00 lakh, fully subsidized by the government, ensuring no
financial burden on beneficiaries.
◼ First-Year Goal: The programme aims to construct 4.50 lakh houses in its first year, distributing 3,000
houses per constituency to those who already own house sites.
Objectives:
◼ To improve living conditions for vulnerable communities.
◼ To support women’s empowerment by providing secure housing.
Public Distribution System (PDS) - Civil Supplies

◼ Purpose: Provides essential commodities at subsidized prices through Fair Price Shops.
◼ Management: Overseen by the Civil Supplies Corporation Limited.

Key Features:
Fair Price Shops:
◼ 17,235 shops serving 522 families each.
◼ One shop for every 2,030 people.
Food Security: Monthly distribution of fortified rice to 281.71 lakh beneficiaries (6 kg per head).
Additional support through schemes like Mid-day Meals and ICDS for 49 lakh students/ inmates/benefi
ciaries.
SMART-PDS Initiative: Modernization plan (2023-2026) using a 60:40 cost-sharing model to improve
efficiency and accessibility.
IT Innovations: 100% Aadhaar-seeded database, online allocation, ePoS distribution, GPS tracking, and
consumer protection measures.
Paddy Procurement:
◼ MSP Payment: Direct funds transfer to farmers' accounts via the Online Procurement Management
System (OPMS).
◼ Procurement Statistics (2023-24):
◼ 44.15 LMT of paddy procured from 7.56 lakh farmers through 7,174 centers.
◼ Total procurement value: ₹9,710.85 crore.
Education & Skill Development

Introduction to Education in Telangana
Education is vital for human development, playing a key role in:
✓ Poverty Reduction
✓ Health Improvement
✓ Gender Equality Promotion
✓ Peace and Stability
✓ Ensuring ecological and political stability
✓ It is essential for achieving the Sustainable Development Goal of 100% youth literacy by 2030.
✓ As per NFHS-5 (2019-20), Telangana's literacy rate is 73.4% (male: 82%, female: 64.8%).
✓ The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act (2009) ensures access to quality
education for all children aged 6-14.
✓ The Telangana government is committed to equitable education access and enhancing the
capabilities of educational institutions.
School Education
◼ Early Childhood Education: For children aged 3-5 years.
◼ Universal Elementary Education: For children aged 6-14 through the Samagra Shiksha initiative.
◼ Access to Secondary Education: For ages 14-18.
◼ Teacher Quality Improvement: Through in-service training by SCERT, IASE, CTEs, and DIETs.
◼ Introduction of Computer Courses: At the secondary level.
◼ Mid-Day Meals: Provided to students in grades I-X in government and aided schools.
◼ Infrastructure Development: Establishing high-quality secondary schools, including 194 model schools
in 391 EBB mandals.
Key Components:
◼ Infrastructure: Essential for providing quality education.
◼ Trained Teachers: Critical for effective learning and adherence to Right to Education norms.

Major Initiatives under School Education in Telangana
English Medium Schools
◼ Introduction: English as a medium of instruction began in 2022-23 for government schools.
◼ Implementation: Initially for classes I to VIII, expanding to class X by the 2024-25 academic year.
◼ Resources: Bilingual textbooks were developed for classes II to VIII, with class I exempted.
◼ Teacher Training: Over 80,564 teachers received English Language Enrichment training from Azim Premji
University.
◼ Objective: To improve educational outcomes and enhance English proficiency among students.
Infrastructure Development Drive

◼ Scope: Comprehensive infrastructure improvement across 26,065 schools in three phases over three
years.
◼ Budget: ₹7,289.54 crore allocated for the initiative.
Transfers, Promotions, and Recruitments in Education

◼ Teacher Transfers and Promotions
◼ Transfers Completed: 12,472 transfers, including 1,788 Gazetted Headmaster and 10,684 School
Assistant transfers.
◼ Promotions: 1,250 promotions for Head Master posts.
◼ New Recruitment: DSC-2024 Notification issued for 11,062 teacher posts to enhance quality education.
Major Educational Initiatives

PM-POSHAN
◼ Objective: Provide nutritious meals to students.
◼ The Mid-day Meal Scheme in the State, operational since 2003 for classes I to V
◼ 2008-09 for classes VI to X.
◼ Cost: ₹5.45 (Classes I-V), ₹8.17 (Classes VI-VIII), ₹10.67 (Classes IX-X).
◼ Coverage: 28,807 schools and 23,05,801 students with 54,201 cook cum helpers.
Breakfast Scheme
◼ Launch: Complimentary breakfast for students from classes I to X.
◼ Coverage: Initially 119 schools, now 27,147 schools serving 23,05,801 students.
◼ Management: SHGs in rural areas and Akshaya Patra Foundation NGOs in urban areas.
Ragi Java Initiative

◼ Introduction: Ragi Java provided every alternate day to enhance nutrition.
◼ Coverage: 23,05,801 students in 27,147 schools.
◼ Fortified Ragi Malt, funded equally by the government and Sri Satya Sai Annapoorna Trust, is provided
every alternate day before prayer.
RTE Act Implementation

Mandate: Ensure quality education by improving teacher-pupil ratios and infrastructure.
Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBVs)

◼ Focus: Quality education for girls from low socio-economic backgrounds.
◼ The Samagra Shiksha initiative aims to ensure access to quality education for girls from low socio-
economic sections of society, focusing on classes VI to XII.
◼ Current Operations: 479 KGBVs with 1,24,153 girls enrolled.
Telangana Model Schools
◼ Total Schools: 194 model schools offering quality education.
◼ Enrollment: 1,21,346 students, with high pass rates in competitive exams.

Badi Bata Program
◼ Objective: The Prof. Jayashankar Badi Bata programme initiative primarily focuses on increasing
enrollment and strengthening government schools through community participation.
◼ Badi Bata is also aimed at informing parents and students about various classroom amenities and benefi
ts, including free bilingual textbooks, notebooks, uniforms, midday meals, and provisions for children
with special needs.
◼ Implementation Dates: June 6-19, 2024.
Amma Adarsha Patashala (AAP)

◼ Purpose: Improve infrastructure in government schools through community committees.
◼ “Amma Adarsha Patashala Committees” have been formed at the school level, involving members from
nearby women’s self-help groups (SHGs), Slum Level Federation (SLF) groups and local organisations.
◼ Involvement: SHGs responsible for stitching uniforms and other support tasks, increased the honorarium
from Rs. 50 to Rs. 75 per uniform,
International Schools Initiative

◼ Plan: One international school per mandal to enhance education quality.
Intermediate Education
◼ Board Oversight: Telangana Board of Intermediate Education.
◼ Total Colleges: 4,180 with an intake capacity of 9,77,537.
◼ 2023 Enrollment: 4,77,266 students (Boys: 2,37,353; Girls: 2,39,913).
Collegiate Education Overview

Collegiate Education focuses on improving higher education, ensuring equity, access, and quality.
Government Degree Colleges (GDCs):

Total: 146
UGC Autonomous Status: 22
NAAC Accredited: 94
Enrollment:
2023-24 Admissions: 48,954
Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER): 39.3
Infrastructure Development:
13 new GDCs established in 2023-24.
New Courses Introduced: B.Sc (Honours) in Computer Science and Biotechnology.
Initiatives to Enhance Education

✓ Sector Skills Programs: Focus on improving employability through skill development.
✓ Apprenticeship Embedded Degree Programs: Integrates practical training with academic education.
✓ Faculty Training Programs: Enhances teaching quality and effectiveness.
✓ Community Engagement: Initiatives like “Pillala Kosam” to promote local involvement in education.
Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA): Focuses on infrastructure and quality improvements in
higher education.
Degree Online Services, Telangana (DOST): Streamlines the admissions process for higher education.
Plantation Programme: Promotes environmental awareness among students.

Technical Education Overview
Department of Technical Education:
Collaborates with AICTE for technical education management.
Government Polytechnics:
Total: 56
Annual Enrollment: ~12,000 students, primarily from rural areas.
Key Objectives
◼ Skill Development: Focus on training job-ready technicians and engineers.
◼ Curriculum Updates: Align educational programs with industry requirements.
◼ State-of-the-Art Facilities: Upgrade labs and workshops for better learning.
◼ Industry-Institute Linkages: Strengthen connections for training and placement opportunities.
◼ Leveraging Demographic Potential in Telangana
Key Achievements (2023-24)

✓ Accreditation: 57 diploma courses across 28 polytechnics.
✓ Curriculum Innovations: Introduced open book system; revised diploma curriculum for 2024-25.
✓ Faculty Training: 60 faculty trained in green technologies (electric vehicles).
✓ Staff Regularization: 390 contract lecturers and 129 workshop attendants regularized.
✓ Recruitment: Merit lists published for 247 lecturers and 31 librarians.
✓ Upgrades: Kosgi Polytechnic upgraded to an Engineering College.
✓ Skill Development: Six-month industrial training program for final-year students.
✓ Evaluation System: Continuous evaluation and grading scheme implemented.
✓ Events: Annual Srujana Tech-Fest promotes creativity among students.
✓ Administrative Improvements:
✓ Established e-office for online file processing.
✓ Implemented Aadhaar-Based Biometric Attendance System (ABAS).
✓ Industry Collaboration: Workshops with CII and TGCHE; roadmap for skill universities developed.
Demographic Profile
India is experiencing a demographic dividend with 62% of its population in the working-age group
Working-Age Population:
India has a high working-age population until around 2055.
Telangana shares this demographic advantage, aiming to enhance education and vocational training.
Focus Areas:
◼ Investment in healthcare, particularly maternal and child health.
◼ Holistic urban development initiatives to maximize demographic potential.
Current Literacy Rate:

As per NFHS-5 (2019-20), Telangana’s literacy rate. 73.4% (Male: 82%, Female: 64.8%), showing
improvement from 66.54% (Census 2011).
Education Disparities:
◼ 22.1% of children aged 14-18 are out of school (national average: 13.2%).
◼ Higher dropout rates, especially among older teens (40.1% for ages 17-18).
Digital Proficiency: 89.2% of out-of-school 17-18-year-olds are proficient in digital technology.

Skill Development Initiatives
Focus on addressing unemployment through skill development.
Aim to position Telangana as a hub for innovation and entrepreneurship.
Key Programs and Initiatives

SoFTNET:
◼ Non-profit organization providing distance learning via satellite.
◼ Focuses on education, employment, healthcare, and agriculture.
Advanced Technology Centers (ATCs):

◼ The Hon’ble Chief Minister laid the foundation stone for the Advanced Technology Centre (ATC) at ITI,
Mallepally, in Hyderabad on June 18, 2024.
◼ Upgrading 65 government ITIs to ATCs with a budget of ₹2,700 crore in collaboration with Tata
Technologies.
◼ Introduction of long-term and short-term courses for skill development.
Skill University:
◼ Proposal to establish a Skill University in Hyderabad near the IT industry to ensure industry-relevant
training.
◼ Aims to bridge the gap between education and employability.
◼ Goals and Impact: Enhanced Employability: Initiatives are designed to improve the skills and job
readiness of the workforce.
◼ Fostering a skilled workforce will attract investments and promote technological advancements.
◼ Prioritizing education and skilling to leverage the demographic dividend for mutual growth and
prosperity.
Health and Well being

◼ Introduction to Health and Well-Being in Telangana
◼ Health and well-being are crucial for sustainable development and align with UN Sustainable
Development Goal #3, which focuses on ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages.
Prioritizing health is essential for:
◼ Economic Growth: Healthy
populations drive productivity
and innovation.
◼ Poverty Reduction: Access to
quality healthcare helps lift
communities out of poverty.
◼ Quality of Life: Improved health
outcomes enhance overall living
standards.
Key Initiatives in Telangana

Rajiv Aarogyasri Scheme:
Increased Medical Coverage: The
coverage amount was raised from
₹5 lakhs to ₹10 lakhs.
Target Group: Provides financial
protection to Below-Poverty-Line
families, facilitating access to
quality healthcare.

Maternal and Child Health Indicators:
⚫ Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR): 43 deaths per 100,000 live births (national average: 97).
⚫ Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): 21 per 1,000 live births (national average: 28).
⚫ Under 5 Mortality Rate (U5MR): 23 per 1,000 live births (national average: 32).
⚫ Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR): 15 per 1,000 live births (national average: 20).
⚫ Total Fertility Rate (TFR): 1.5 (below national replacement level of 2.0).
⚫ Institutional Deliveries: 97% (national average: 88.6%).
Major Health Institutions in Telangana
All-India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bibinagar

Focus: Comprehensive super-specialty healthcare services.
Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS)

Established: 1962 as an orthopedic hospital.
Capacity: 1,639 beds.
Services: Tertiary medical care, joint replacement, rare disease management, medical genetics.
Daily outpatient attendance: ~3,500.
Telangana Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (TIMS)

Capacity: 1,261 beds.
Role: Advanced medical care and education.
Future Plans: Establishment of three more similar hospitals in Hyderabad.
Mehdi Nawaj Jung (MNJ) Institute of Oncology

Specialization: Comprehensive cancer care for underprivileged patients.
Capacity: 450 beds; ~10,000 new patients annually.
Services: Major/minor surgeries, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and over 150,000 diagnostic tests yearly.
Telangana Vaidya Vidhana Parishad (TVVP)

Established: 2016.
Hospitals: 175 with a total of 11,960 beds.
Services: Dialysis, ICU, de-addiction centers, focusing on women’s and children’s healthcare.
Patient Demographics: Women (52% in-patients), Men (37% in-patients), Children (11% in-patients).
Achievements: Increased budget for essential drugs, enhanced patient care and sanitation.
Medical Education in Telangana

◼ Director of Medical Education (DME): Oversees high-quality medical education and healthcare services
across 26 Government Medical Colleges.
◼ Healthcare Services: Includes outpatient and inpatient care, laboratory services, organ transplantation,
and advanced diagnostics like CT and MRI scans.
◼ Infrastructure Development: New skill labs and fertility centers have been introduced to enhance
education and patient care.
Key Institutions
◼ Dental College and Hospital: 100 undergraduate and 27 postgraduate seats in Hyderabad.
◼ Nursing Colleges: 28 colleges with a new one sanctioned in Kodangal (60 seats for 2024-25).
◼ Teaching Hospitals
◼ Total: 26 Teaching Hospitals with 12,484 beds.
◼ Services: Comprehensive services including dialysis centers and organ transplants (cadaver and live
donor).
New Medical Colleges
◼ Sanctioned: 8 new medical colleges for 2024-25, each with 50 MBBS seats.
◼ Future Plans: Another college in Kodangal, Vikarabad District for 2025-26.
◼ TG Medical Services and Infrastructure Development Corporation (TGMSIDC)
◼ Role: Supplies medical equipment, drugs, and undertakes construction for government hospitals.
◼ AYUSH Support
◼ Programs: Collaborates with the National AYUSH Mission for upgrading facilities, promoting hygiene,
and reducing maternal/child morbidity through specific health programs.
Tribal Health in Telangana

Population: Tribal population constitutes 9.07% of Telangana's total population.
Agencies: Served by four Integrated Tribal Development Agencies (ITDAs): Bhadrachalam, Eturunagaram,
Utnoor, and Mannanoor.
Healthcare Services
Facilities:
599 Sub-Centers (SCs)
86 Primary Health Centers (PHCs)
10 Community Health Centers (CHCs)
6 Area Hospitals
12 Birth Waiting Homes (BWHs)
◼ Community Health Workers (CHWs): 2,987 CHWs employed to enhance healthcare delivery.
◼ Specialized Care: Multi-speciality camps held in CHCs and Area Hospitals; 10,358 patients examined in
2023-24.
◼ Birth Waiting Homes: Promote institutional deliveries among pregnant tribal women, ensuring safe
childbirth.
◼ Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Teams: 19 teams assist pregnant women in remote areas with
antenatal and postnatal care.
Maternal Health and Nutrition

Key Initiatives
MCH Kit:
Provides Rs. 12,000-13,000 for mothers delivering in public facilities, linked to health milestones.
14.95 lakh kits distributed, containing 14 essential items for mother and child.
Nutrition Kit:
Launched in December 2022, expanded to all 33 districts.
Targets better nutritional outcomes for 6.87 lakh pregnant women; 2.78 lakh kits distributed.
Aarogya Mahila: Focuses on women's healthcare needs; 4.95 lakh women screened under this program.
Team-Based Incentives (TBI): Incentives for hospitals conducting normal deliveries, addressing high C-
section rates. Rs. 305.76 lakh paid for 10,192 deliveries exceeding benchmarks.
Birth Monitoring System (BMS): E-system for monitoring C-section indications, promoting reviews and
audits.

TIFFA Scans: 56 machines provided for fetal anomaly scans in public facilities; over 70,000 scans
performed free of charge.
Capacity Building: Training for healthcare providers in priority areas; over 440 specialists and 6,534
ANMs trained.
Maternal and Child Health Initiatives in Telangana
Maternal Health
MCH Hospitals: Construction of 26 Mother and Child Hospitals across the state enhances specialized care,
particularly for high-risk pregnancies.
Maternal Health Indicators:
First-Trimester Registrations: Increased from 88.5% to 92.2%.
Antenatal Check-Ups: Rose from 70.4% to 99.9%.
Institutional Deliveries: High at 97%, with government deliveries increasing from 50% to 65.8%.
C-Section Rates: Slight decline from 61% to 55.1%, indicating improved delivery management.
Child Health and Immunization

1. Special Newborn Care Units (SNCUs)
Total Established: 46 SNCUs (27 under DME, 19 under TVVP) to provide critical care for newborns with
complications.
Centre of Excellence (CoE): At Niloufer Hospital, connecting 28 peripheral SNCUs, enhancing care quality.
Admissions (2023-24): 64,310 children admitted.
2. Specialty Care Services for Newborns
Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC): Promotes skin-to-skin contact for preterm infants; 8,189 children benefited
in 2023-24.
Newborn Stabilization Units (NBSUs): 44 units stabilizing newborns before transfer to advanced care.
Newborn Care Corners (NBCCs): 562 operational, ensuring immediate care for newborns.
3. Nutrition Rehabilitation Centres (NRCs)
Total NRCs: 17, focused on treating severe malnutrition in children.
Protocols: Integrated with pediatric care; utilizes WhatsApp for staff coordination.
4. Rashtriya Bala Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK)
Screening: 29,24,883 children screened in 2023-24, targeting early detection of health issues.
Mobile Health Teams: 300 teams covering rural areas, urban slums, and government schools, providing
free treatment.
Key Health Initiatives in Telangana

1. Universal Immunization Programme
Objective: Vaccinate infants against Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (VPDs).
Vaccines Administered: B.C.G., Pentavalent, O.P.V., Measles, Hepatitis B, and booster doses at designated
ages.
Immunization Success: 650,587 out of 613,020 children immunized in 2023-24, achieving 106% coverage.
2. Emergency Transport Services

108 Emergency Health Transportation Scheme:
Operates 456 ambulances (31 ALS, 425 BLS).
24/7 service via toll-free number 108
104 Fixed Day Health Services:
198 mobile health vehicles provided monthly services in rural areas until December 2021.
17,05,313 beneficiaries served before discontinuation.
102 Services (Ammavodi):
Transportation for antenatal, postnatal women, and infants.
300 operational vehicles; 9.46 lakh beneficiaries in 2023-24.

Free Hearse Services:
Transport deceased bodies from hospitals; 10,298 transports in 2023-24 with 50 operational vehicles.
3. Family Planning Services

Initiative Since 1952: Aims to control population growth through sterilization and contraceptive methods.
Services Provided:
Permanent methods: Vasectomies (2,225) and Tubectomies (1,02,713) in 2023-24.
Spacing methods: Distribution of oral pills and condoms.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR): 1.5 in Telangana, below the national average of 2.0, indicating effective family
planning.
4. Diagnostic Services
Telangana Diagnostics Initiative:
Launched under the National Health Mission to provide accessible, cost-effective diagnostics.
A high-tech central lab in Hyderabad processes over 23,000 samples daily, supporting 1,463 hospitals.
District Hubs: 31 blood and urine testing hubs, and 51 radiology hubs operational.
Service Improvements: 99.6% one-day turnaround for reports, serving an average of 3,15,000 patients
monthly with 15,22,259 tests conducted.
National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) in Telangana

The National Urban Health Mission (NUHM), launched in May 2013, aims to deliver equitable and quality
primary healthcare services to urban populations, especially focusing on slums and vulnerable groups. In
Telangana, NUHM operates across 56 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and emphasizes the following:
Urban Primary Health Centers (UPHCs):

Telangana has 246 functioning UPHCs to enhance primary healthcare access.
Additional UPHCs are being established to further expand services.
Urban Health Centres (Basti Dhavakhanas):
461 centers located in slums and vulnerable areas.

Serve 5,000 to 10,000 individuals annually, providing outpatient services, free medicine, and diagnostic
services.
Establish referral linkages with higher-level hospitals.
Key Public Health Programmes

1. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)
Screening Initiatives:
Aimed at hypertension, diabetes, and various cancers.
In 2023-24, 1,49,83,502 cases screened; 18,15,508 hypertensives and 9,45,648 diabetics diagnosed.
2. National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP)
Objective: Achieve a TB-free Telangana by 2025.
Infrastructure: 40 CBNAAT and 90 Trunaat machines, plus 3 C&DST centers for drug-resistant TB
diagnosis.
Achievements: Improved TB notification and success rates, though challenges remain in testing and
preventive therapy.
3. National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB)
Goals: Reduce blindness prevalence, currently at 0.36%.
Services: 2.82 lakh cataract operations, screening for 1.63 crore people, and distribution of 41 lakh glasses
in 2023-24.

4. National Centre for Vector Borne Diseases Control (NCVBDC)
Focus: Prevent malaria, dengue, and other vector-borne diseases.
Achievements: Maintained a high Annual Blood Examination Rate and reduced malaria cases significantly.
5. National Leprosy Eradication Program (NLEP)
Objective: Achieve a leprosy-free state by 2027.
Activities: Awareness campaigns, early detection initiatives, and community involvement.
6. National Programme for Palliative Care
Care Focus: Address end-of-life needs for patients with chronic conditions.
Infrastructure: 34 inpatient care centers and 34 mobile home care units established.
7. National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP)
Implementation: Across all 33 districts with a focus on enforcement and awareness.
Activities: Workshops, training sessions, and tobacco-free educational guidelines in schools.
National Mental Health Programme (NMHP)

◼ The National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) in Telangana aims to enhance mental health services
through District Mental Health Clinics (DMHCs) established in all 33 districts. Key features include:
◼ Staffing: Clinics are staffed with psychiatrists, nurses, and counselors.
◼ Services: Outpatient and inpatient services are provided five days a week, with additional one-day clinics
at Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and Community Health Centres (CHCs).
◼ Awareness Programs: Schools are included in awareness initiatives.
Patient Statistics:
◼ The number of diagnosed and treated individuals has grown from 12,663 in 2020-21 to 71,408 in 2023-
24, totaling 1,60,410 individuals treated.
Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP)
◼ The Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) aims to strengthen the surveillance of epidemic-
prone diseases, transitioning to the Integrated Health Information Platform (IHIP) in October 2021.
Objectives include:
◼ Decentralized Surveillance: Early detection of outbreaks and human resource development.
◼ Reporting Improvements: Enhanced reporting efficiency through a shift from offline to near-real-time
online platforms.
◼ Achievements for 2023-24:
◼ High weekly reporting performance, exceeding targets for suspected and confirmed cases.
◼ Improved access to laboratory services during outbreaks.
Telangana AIDS Control Society (TGACS)

◼ The Telangana AIDS Control Society (TGACS) operates under the National AIDS Control Programme
(NACP), focusing on:
◼ Goals: Reducing new HIV infections, eliminating vertical transmission, combating stigma, and ensuring
access to quality services.
◼ Infrastructure: 127 Integrated Counseling and Testing Centres and 29 treatment centres established.
Patient Statistics:
1,20,633 persons affected by AIDS identified.
Over 95% of individuals aware of their HIV status are receiving treatment, with 93% achieving viral load
suppression.

Rajiv Aarograsri Health Care Trust (RAHCT)
◼ The Rajiv Aarograsri Health Care Trust, merged with AB PM-JAY in May 2021, aims to provide
comprehensive health coverage to families below the poverty line. Key achievements include:
◼ Services: Operation of 84 dialysis centers, introduction of transgender treatment, and implementation
of telemedicine.
Institute of Preventive Medicine

◼ The Institute of Preventive Medicine in Hyderabad offers a range of public health services, including
diagnostics and epidemic response. Achievements from April 2023 to March 2024 include:
◼ Blood Collection: 954 units collected.
◼ Diagnostic Tests: 32,551 tests conducted.
◼ Water and Food Safety: Analysis of 10,775 water samples and processing of 2,526 food samples.
◼ Vaccinations: Administered 14,260 anti-rabies vaccinations.
Rajiv Aarogyasri Scheme - Key Points

◼ Coverage Increase: Insurance doubled from Rs. 5 lakh to Rs. 10 lakh per family per annum from
December 9, 2024.
◼ Beneficiaries: Supports 90.1 lakh BPL families.
◼ Packages: Covers 1,672 packages across 32 specialities.
◼ Empanelled Facilities: 1,406 health facilities (including 364 private hospitals).
◼ Free Treatments: Over 20 lakh beneficiaries since 2014.
◼ Cashless Transactions: All procedures cashless.
◼ Recent Activity: 2,91,173 cases pre-authorized from Dec 9, 2023, to May 31, 2024, costing Rs. 678.99
crore.
Women and Child Development

Introduction
◼ Objective: Create a nurturing environment for women and children, focusing on holistic development.
◼ Dedicated Department: Operates independently, focusing on welfare rather than under social welfare.
◼ Key Activities: Nutrition, immunization, health counseling through Anganwadi Centers; support for
women and children in need; implementation of laws against domestic violence, child abuse, and child
marriage.
◼ Outreach: Covers 149 ICDS Projects and 35,700 Anganwadi Centres, benefiting 4 lakh pregnant and
lactating women and 14 lakh children annually.
◼ Initiatives: Child Protection Units, Women Helplines, Sakhi One Stop Centres, shelters.
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)

◼ Renamed: Now called Anganwadi Services Project.
◼ Structure: Operates 149 projects (99 Rural, 25 Urban, 25 Tribal) across 33 districts.
◼ Anganwadi Helpline (155209): Enhances support for pregnant women and children under six.
◼ Programs: Arogya Lakshmi Scheme and house-to-house counseling to improve service delivery.
◼ Support for Staff: Increased monthly honorariums for Anganwadi teachers and helpers.
◼ AWCCs and Co-location of AWCs
◼ AWCCs: 33 Anganwadi Cum Creche Centers sanctioned under the PALNA Scheme to provide safe
daycare facilities.
◼ Co-location: 15,640 AWCs within government school premises for better preschool environments and
smoother transitions to formal schooling.
Early Childhood Care and Education
◼ Focus: Holistic development for children aged 3-6 years, enhancing social, emotional, cognitive, and
aesthetic growth.

◼ Curriculum Development: Aligning with National Education Policy 2020, creating new curricula based
on National Curriculum Framework Guidelines.
◼ Improvements: Infrastructure upgrades in co-located centers, including uniforms, book racks, green
chalkboards, and thematic decorations to foster an engaging learning environment.
Aarogya Lakshmi - Supplementary Nutrition Programme

◼ Program: Part of the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), implemented in 149 projects
covering 35,700 Anganwadi Centers (AWCs).
◼ Target Groups: Provides nutrition to children (7 months to 6 years) and pregnant/lactating women.
Nutrition Provided
◼ Pregnant & Lactating Women: Daily meal includes rice, dal, oil, vegetables, 200ml of milk, and one boiled
egg.
◼ Children (7 months to 3 years): Balamrutham scheme provides a 2.5 kg pack of nutritious mixture and
16 eggs monthly; 100 grams of mixture daily for 25 days.
◼ Children (3-6 years): Mid-day Meal scheme offers hot cooked meals and snacks, including one boiled
egg daily.
◼ Mobile AWCs: Introduced in urban areas to extend reach.
Challenges
Rising Costs: Inflation affecting food commodity prices.
Urban Issues: Overcrowding and inadequate facilities in urban areas.
Solutions: Digitization of supply chain management and integration with Nutrition and Health Tracking
System (NHTS) for better tracking and distribution.
POSHAN Abhiyan
◼ Objective: Reduce malnutrition across a lifecycle approach, focusing on stunting, wasting, underweight,
low birth weight, and anemia.
◼ Training: 2,580 local leaders trained as nutrition advocates.
◼ Monitoring: Growth devices supplied to AWCs for accurate measurements; training for supervisors in
growth monitoring.
◼ Awareness Campaign: ‘Poshan Pakhwada’ promoted local dietary practices with over 2 million activities
statewide.
Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS)

◼ Mission Vatsalya: Focuses on child rights and strengthening the juvenile justice system.
◼ Strengthening the juvenile justice system under the Juvenile Justice Act, 2015, and the Protection of
Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012.
◼ Goal: Ensure every child in India has a healthy and happy childhood through family-based, non-
institutional care.
Key Objectives:
◼ Prioritize the child's best interests.
◼ Coordinate inter-sector responses.
◼ Strengthen child protection at family and community levels.
Juvenile Welfare and Correctional Services

◼ Objective: Effectively implement the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000.
◼ Focus Areas: Care, protection, treatment, development, and rehabilitation services for neglected children
and delinquent juveniles under 18.
Welfare of Differently-abled, Transgender, and Senior Citizens

◼ Objective: Enhance quality of life and dignity for differently-abled individuals through various
rehabilitation schemes.
◼ Economic Rehabilitation Scheme:
◼ Subsidies: Rs. 5.51 crore sanctioned to 841 beneficiaries for self-employment (2023-24).
◼ Incentive for Marriages: Rs. 1,00,000 for marriages between differently-abled and non-disabled
individuals; Rs. 2.26 crore sanctioned for 226 beneficiaries (Dec 2023 - June 2024).
◼ Old Age Homes: 14 homes sanctioned; 4 completed and operational in Narayanpet, Sircilla, Nizamabad,
and Peddapalli.
Transgender Welfare:
◼ State Welfare Board established.
◼ Financial Assistance: Rs. 50,000 subsidy for small businesses; 624 issued ID cards, 65 received financial
assistance.
Upcoming Initiatives:
◼ Trans-Women Shelter home with amenities and skill training.
◼ Gender-affirming surgeries and hormone therapy at hospitals.
◼ Transgender clinics in district hospitals.
◼ Helpline services via PwD toll-free number “155326.”
Mission Shakti
◼ Objective: Enhance women's safety and empowerment via two sub-schemes: Sambal (safety and
support) and Samarthya (empowerment).
Sambal Sub-Scheme
◼ Focus: Safety and security for women.
◼ Initiatives:
◼ One-Stop Centers (OSCs), Women Helpline-181.
◼ Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP): Aims to protect, educate, and ensure the survival of girl children across
all 33 districts.
Samarthya Sub-Scheme
◼ Objective: Promote women’s empowerment.
◼ Shelters: 20 Shakti Sadans (18 Swadhar Greh and 2 Ujjawala Homes) for women in difficult circumstances
and trafficking victims.
◼ Empowerment Hubs:
◼ State Hub for Empowerment (SHEW) and 33 District Hubs for Empowerment, each with a 6-member
team to support women.
◼ Sakhi Niwas: 14 government-run hostels providing safe accommodation for working women.
Bharosa Centres
Integrated Assistance: Support for women and children in distress, providing police, medical, legal, and
rehabilitation services.
Coverage: 35 Bharosa Centres across 24 districts and multiple police commissionerates.
Panchayat Raj and Rural Development

Introduction
◼ The Telangana government promotes comprehensive rural development through the Panchayat Raj and
Rural Development department. Key services include:
◼ Civic Amenities: Provision of drinking water, sanitation, street lighting, internal roads, and drainage
systems.
◼ Administrative Functions: Granting building permissions, issuing trade licenses, and providing
birth/death certificates.

◼ Objective: Holistic development and improved quality of life in rural areas.
Panchayat Raj Activities

◼ Empowerment: Strengthening Panchayat Raj Institutions by decentralizing power and encouraging
independent development.
◼ Water Supply Drives: Special drives in March 2024 repaired 13,765 bore wells and installed 14,272 pump
sets, improving access to potable water.
◼ Funding: Released Rs. 1,553.17 crore to Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs) including a State Matching
Grant of Rs. 129 crore.
Rural Water Supply

◼ Objective: Provide safe, sustainable drinking water across rural Telangana, excluding Hyderabad.
◼ Water Sources: Draws from Krishna and Godavari rivers, treated at 123 plants.
◼ Under the mission, bulk water is supplied to the ULBs at 135 LPCD in the Municipalities/Nagar
Panchayats and in municipal corporations at 150 LPCD
◼ The government successfully negotiated with Karnataka to release 2 TMC water from the Narayanpur
Dam and transfer it to the Jurala reservoir.
Funds for Water Supply

Rs. 60 crore for tribal areas in Adilabad District.
Rs. 100 crore to District Collectors for water shortages.
Rs. 32 crore from the 15th Finance Commission for village maintenance.
Rs. 137 crore under the Constituency SDF fund.
Innovations: Bringing O&M under Gram Panchayat control and implementing best practices.
Panchayat Raj Engineering

◼ Focus: Develop and maintain rural infrastructure—roads, bridges, and buildings.
◼ Road Network: Total mileage of PR roads in Telangana is 68,200 km.
◼ 25,724 km of BT Roads
◼ 3,986 km of CC Roads
◼ 7,798 km of WBM Roads
◼ 30,692 km of Gravel and Earthen Roads
◼ Connectivity: 12,275 out of 12,769 Gram Panchayats connected with BT roads.
Rural Development Schemes Overview
MGNREGS (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme)

◼ Provides 100 days of unskilled work to rural
households.
◼ Focus on creating productive assets, enhancing
livelihoods, and empowering local governance.
2023-24 Achievements:
◼ Employment: 40.62 lakh wage seekers provided
with 12.09 crore person-days of work.
Expenditure:
◼ CC Roads: ₹1,263 crore for 3,155 km.
◼ Water Conservation: ₹516 crore for 42,252 works.
◼ Nurseries & Plantations: ₹465 crore, 12,756
nurseries established, 13.48 crore seedlings raised.
◼ 2024-25 Action Plan:
◼ Budget: Estimated ₹1,760 crore to create 12 crore
person-days.
Infrastructure:
◼ Connect unconnected habitations with BT roads
(₹500 crore).
◼ Construct 3,522 Gram Panchayat buildings (₹742
crore).
◼ Develop 143 Anganwadi Centers and 6,104 school
toilets (₹450 crore).
Rural Development Initiatives in Telangana

1. Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (NRuM)
◼ Objective: Develop 'Rurban Village' clusters.
◼ 2023-24 Spending: ₹4,247.25 lakh on 1,257 works.
◼ Achievements: 48 works completed, model planning, and solar connectivity initiatives planned.
2. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana – Watershed Component (WDC-PMKSY)

◼ Focus: Ecological balance, agricultural productivity, and livelihood security.
◼ Projects: 35 watershed projects sanctioned, covering 248 micro-watersheds.
◼ 2023-24 Impact: 2,011 hectares brought under irrigation, benefiting 2,123 farmers.
3. Employment Generation and Marketing Mission (EGMM)

◼ Objective: Skill rural youth for sustainable employment.
◼ 2023-24 Training: 1,043 youth trained; future target of 26,876 youth with expected placements of 18,800.
4. Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin)

◼ Launch: Initiated by the Prime Minister of India on October 2, 2014.
◼ Objective: Aimed at universal sanitation coverage and raising awareness of its importance.
◼ Milestone: By October 2, 2019, on Mahatma Gandhi's 150th birthday, all villages, Gram Panchayats,
Districts, States, and Union Territories declared themselves "open-defecation free" (ODF) by
constructing over 100 million toilets in rural areas.
Telangana Status (as of July 12, 2024):
◼ 8,990 villages achieved ODF Puls status.
◼ 3 villages attained ODF Plus Rising status.
◼ 8,379 villages reached ODF Plus Model status.

5. Society for Elimination of Rural Poverty (SERP)
◼ Focus: Uplifting rural communities through SHGs.
◼ 2023-24 Impact: 46.68 lakh women organized into 4.37 lakh SHGs, with ₹15,652.70 crore disbursed in
loans.
6. Cheyutha Pensions
◼ Objective: Provide financial support to vulnerable populations (elderly and infirm, individuals with
◼ disabilities, widows, people living with HIV/AIDS, patients with Filaria, incapacitated weavers, toddy
tappers, impoverished Beedi workers, single women, and those undergoing dialysis).
◼ 2023-24 Distribution: ₹5,774.15 crore to over 43 lakh beneficiaries.
7. Telangana Institute of Rural Development (TGRID)

◼ Function: Training for Panchayat Raj and Rural Development functionaries
◼ 2024-25 Plan: Train 3,91,620 participants with a budget of ₹101.05 crore.
◼ The proposed action plan for sustainable development and awareness programs on ‘Praja Palana’
◼ and ‘Abhaya Hastham’ aims for better implementation through Panchayat Raj local bodies.
8. Swamy Ramananda Tirtha Rural Institute (SRTRI)

◼ Affiliation: Part of Telangana’s Panchayat Raj and Rural Development Department.
◼ Objective: Provides vocational skill training to promote wage and self-employment among rural youth
and women.
◼ Programs: Offers free training aligned with the National Skill Qualification Framework in sectors like IT,
finance, apparel, and renewable energy, along with soft skills and entrepreneurship.
Aspirational Districts Programme (ADP)

◼ Launch: Initiated by the Prime Minister in January 2018.
◼ Objective: Transform 112 districts across 28 states by converging central and state schemes and
fostering collaboration among officers.
◼ Focus: Leverages district strengths to achieve Sustainable Development Goals, contributing to national
development.
◼ Telangana Districts: Includes Kumuram Bheem Asifabad, Bhadradri Kothagudem, and Jayashankar
Bhupalapally (Mulugu).
◼ Approach: Utilizes a mass movement strategy for overall transformation, focusing on 49 Key
Performance Indicators (KPIs) across five socio-economic themes: Health and Nutrition, Education,
Agriculture and Water Resources, Financial Inclusion and Skill Development, Basic Infrastructure.
◼ Monitoring: Progress tracked on the public portal ‘Champions of Change’.
Aspirational Blocks Programme (ABP)

◼ Launch: Initiated by the Prime Minister on January 7, 2023, during the National Conference of Chief
Secretaries.
◼ Objective: Enhance governance and quality of life in remote, underdeveloped blocks by converging
existing schemes and monitoring progress.
◼ Training: NITI Aayog trained block officers in leadership skills for managing the program.
◼ Focus Areas: Includes Health, Nutrition, Education, Agriculture, Basic Infrastructure, Social Development,
Drinking Water, Sanitation, and Financial Inclusion.
◼ Telangana: 10 aspirational blocks identified, including Narnoor in Adilabad and Tiriyani in Kumuram
Bheem-Asifabad, which received cash prizes for top rankings in Delta Rankings 2023-24.

Mahila Shakti Programme
◼ Objective: Empower women through financial, educational, and infrastructural support for Self-Help
Groups (SHGs).
◼ Vision: Transform one crore women into millionaires over five years.
◼ Financial Linkages: ₹1 lakh crore to SHGs through banks and Streenidhi.
◼ Current Participation: 63 lakh women in SHGs, aiming to expand to one crore.
◼ VLR (Vaddi Leni Runalu): Interest-free loans for SHGs.
◼ Skill Development: Training tailored to individual preferences.
◼ Marketing Support: Branding SHG products and developing marketing strategies.
◼ Infrastructure Development
◼ Common Processing Centers & Mini Industrial Parks: To be established in every Assembly constituency.
◼ Marketplaces: 106 stalls at DWCRA Mahila Bazar for SHG products.
◼ Entrepreneurial Support
◼ Establishment of: 2,183 stitching centers, 32 cafes and canteens, 936 Mee Seva centers
◼ 30 One-Stop Event Management Service Units
◼ 2.25 lakh micro-enterprises and 5,000 micro food enterprises
◼ Technology and Services
◼ Introduction of 5,000 Bank Mitras, Digi Pay Mitras, Pashu Mitras, and Drone Mitras.
◼ Mobilization of 50,000 rural women into SHGs.
◼ Addition of 50,000 milch animals to bolster the dairy sector.
Mahila Shakti Canteens

◼ Launch: To be managed by women SHGs across the state.
◼ Locations: At least 150 canteens in government offices, tourist spots, and industrial areas.
◼ Training: Women will receive training for effective operations.
◼ Inauguration: The first canteen opened at Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Telangana Secretariat on June 21, 2024.
Urban Development
Urban Development in Telangana
◼ Urbanisation in Telangana: Rapidly urbanising, driven by Hyderabad's IT industry and infrastructure.
◼ Key Cities: Hyderabad, Warangal, Nizamabad, and Khammam are evolving as regional hubs with diverse
economic potential.
◼ Warangal: Emerging as a center for health, education, and IT.
◼ Nizamabad and Khammam: Experiencing growth in agro-based industries and manufacturing.
Urban Forestry
Green Initiatives: Target to plant 600 lakh seedlings in Hyderabad; 322.25 lakh planted so far.
Objectives: Increase urban greenery to combat pollution.
Water Supply Scheme
◼ Infrastructure Development: Ensures safe drinking water and hygienic waste disposal across 142 Urban
Local Bodies (ULBs). Ranga Reddy has the highest number of ULBs
◼ Departments Involved: Public Health, HMWSSB, and RWS&S handle different ULBs.
Urban Community Development
◼ Inclusive Growth: Aims to support low-socioeconomic and vulnerable groups through Self-Help Groups
(SHGs).
◼ Capacity Building: Regular training and support to improve livelihoods and living standards.
Urban Sanitation
◼ Need for Sanitation: Essential for public health and quality of life in densely populated areas.
◼ Government Actions: Effective garbage collection and processing to maintain urban hygiene.
Solid Waste Management

◼ Management Strategy: Collection, processing, and disposal of municipal solid waste and construction
debris.
◼ Waste to Energy Plants: Operating plants at Dundigal and Jawaharnagar to generate energy from waste.
Mission for Elimination of Poverty in Municipal Areas (MEPMA)
◼ Objective: Implement poverty alleviation programs and promote self-sustainable institutions among
low-socioeconomic sections.
◼ Social Mobilization: Organising women into SHGs for self-reliance.
◼ Self-Employment Programs: Financial support for establishing micro-enterprises.
SHG-Bank Linkage: Facilitates access to credit for impoverished women.
Support for Urban Street Vendors

◼ DAY-NULM Initiative: Identification and support for street vendors, issuing ID cards and vending
certificates.
◼ Achievements: 6,74,374 vendors identified, with over 6 lakh ID cards issued.
Hyderabad as a Growth Corridor

◼ Economic Hub: Significant tourist destination attracting global investments.
◼ Hyderabad Metro Rail: 69 km in Phase I, with three corridors reducing traffic congestion in the IT
Corridor. Phase 2 of the project aims to extend the network by an additional 73 km across five new
corridors, including a connection to the airport. Expanding sustainable transport with Phase 2 adding
73 km.
Regional Ring Road: The 340 km Hyderabad Regional Ring Road is a four-lane road connecting
Sangareddy, Toopran, Choutuppal, Amangal, Shankarpally, and 17 National and State Highways.
340 km project to enhance connectivity and reduce traffic congestion.
Musi River Front Development Project
◼ Development Plans: Aiming to create recreational and commercial spaces along a 55-km stretch of the
Musi River.
◼ Investment: ₹1,000 crore allocated for enhancing tourism and connecting heritage sites.

4. ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE
Introduction:
Infrastructure includes essential physical systems vital for regional development, such as transportation,
irrigation, water supply, sanitation, energy, and communication.
The Telangana government focuses on enhancing both physical and digital infrastructure, including AI
technologies.
Key Components of Infrastructure:

◼ Energy: A critical sector focusing on hydro, thermal, solar, and renewable energy sources.
◼ Promotes electric vehicle adoption.
◼ Economic Impact: The energy sector's gross state domestic product increased from ₹22,229 crore (2022-
23) to ₹24,520 crore (2023-24).
Access to Power:
◼ As of December 1, 2023, Telangana's contracted power capacity is 19,475 MW, with 6,123 MW from
solar.
◼ Agriculture is prioritized, with 28.34 lakh agricultural connections.
◼ Agricultural electricity consumption rose from 11,671 million units (2014-15) to 19,995 million units
(2023-24).
◼ Peak agricultural electricity demand reached 6,003 MW, indicating significant growth in agricultural
power infrastructure.
Energy Transmission and Distribution

TGTRANSCO
◼ Role: Responsible for electricity transmission in Telangana.
◼ Objective: Efficiently plan, construct, and maintain the transmission network to meet growing demand
with high reliability and low operational costs.
◼ Transmission Losses: Limited to 2.30%.
◼ Peak Demand: Met 15,623 MW (March 8, 2024).
◼ Daily Consumption: Recorded 308.54 million units (March 14, 2024).
◼ Capacity: System equipped for peak demand of 17,000 MW.
◼ 400 KV Ring System: Established around Greater Hyderabad to ensure uninterrupted supply, including:
◼ 142 CKM of 400 KV lines.
Power Generation Capacity (TGGENCO)
◼ Total Capacity: 6,485.26 MW.
◼ Thermal: 4,042.50 MW.
◼ Hydropower: 2,441.76 MW.
◼ Solar: 1 MW (with expansion plans, including a 4.6 MW project in MHS Peddapalli).
Electricity Consumption Patterns
Total Connections: 183.23 lakh.
◼ Domestic: 131.73 lakh (71.9%).
◼ Agricultural: 28.34 lakh (15.5%).
◼ Industrial and Other: 23.15 lakh (12.6%).
Electricity Consumption Patterns in Telangana

Hyderabad
Total Connections: 22.79 lakh
Domestic Connections: 18.47 lakh (highest in the state)
Industrial and Other Connections: 4.32 lakh (19% of total)
◼ Kumuram Bheem: Total Connections: 1.68 lakh (lowest in the state)
◼ Medchal: Highest Percentage of Domestic Consumers: 86.3% of 17.40 lakh connections
◼ Nagarkurnool: Highest Percentage of Agricultural Connections: 31.8% of 3.51 lakh connections
◼ Nalgonda: Highest Number of Agricultural Connections: 2.31 lakh
Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL)

◼ Ownership: Jointly owned by Telangana and the Government of India (51:49 equity).
◼ Coal Reserves: 8,791 million tonnes across 350 km in the Pranahita-Godavari valley.
◼ Operations: 39 mines (17 opencast, 22 underground) across 6 districts; workforce of ~41,660.
◼ Coal Production: Contributes ~7.5% of India's total coal production.
◼ Naini coal block is allotted to SCCL in Odisha state.

Solar Power Initiatives
◼ Current Capacity: 234.5 MW solar plants (229.5 MW on land, 5 MW on water).
◼ Additional Plans: 65.5 MW targeted for completion in Q1 2024-25; plans for another 232 MW for Net
Zero targets.
◼ Recent Performance:
◼ 2023-24: Generated 348.52 MU of solar power, exported 341.24 MU (7.40% increase in generation).
Green Energy Initiatives

◼ CO2 to Methanol Pilot Project: In collaboration with JNCASR, capacity of 500 kg/day.
◼ Battery Energy Storage System: 1 MW/2.5 MWh at Mandamarri plant.
◼ Green Hydrogen Plant: Planned near Ramagundam Fertilizer Corporation.
◼ Wind Energy Project: 100 MW under feasibility study.
◼ Geothermal Power Potential
◼ Location: Pagideru region, Manuguru.
◼ Initial Trials: 5 KW successful trial, planning expansion to 20 KW.
◼ Potential: Studies suggest over 200 MW could be produced; exploration with ONGC and TGREDCO
ongoing.
Gruha Jyothi Scheme Overview

◼ Launch: March 2024.
◼ Objective: Provide free electricity to alleviate financial burden on households, especially for economically
weaker sections.
◼ Benefits:
◼ Free electricity up to 200 units per month for eligible domestic households.
◼ Impact (as of June 30, 2024):
◼ Total 'Zero' bills generated: 137.43 lakh.
◼ Total subsidy amount: ₹487.93 crore.
Renewable Energy in Telangana

Essential for energy security, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and promoting sustainable
development.
Focus Areas:
◼ Active promotion of solar and wind energy projects.
◼ Utilization of favorable climatic conditions for energy generation.
Solar Potential:
◼ Average solar insolation: ~5.5 kWh/sq. m.
◼ Over 300 sunshine days annually.
Benefits of Renewable Energy:
◼ Mitigates environmental impact.
◼ Creates job opportunities.
◼ Stimulates local economies.
Current Capacity:
◼ Total renewable energy capacity: 7,649.95 MW.
◼ Includes solar, wind, and other non-conventional sources.
Future Goals:
◼ Reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
◼ Contribute to a cleaner, healthier, and more resilient energy future.
◼ Align with targets set by the Government of India.

Irrigation and Water Supply
Irrigation
Focus: Enhance agricultural productivity and maintain existing irrigation projects, especially in drought-
prone and upland areas.
Goals: Create assured irrigation facilities for 127.58 lakh acres. Ensure efficient, equitable, and sustainable
use of water resources.
Irrigation Potential Distribution:

◼ Total Irrigation Potential (IP): 127.58 lakh acres.
◼ Major Projects: 91.79 lakh acres (71.95%).
◼ Medium Projects: 4.86 lakh acres (3.81%).
◼ Minor Projects: 25.71 lakh acres (20.15%).
◼ Small Lifts (IDC Schemes): 5.22 lakh acres (4.09%).
Irrigation Potential in Telangana

◼ Before State Formation: Irrigation Potential (IP) Created: 57.79 lakh acres.
◼ After State Formation: Additional IP Developed: 15.81 lakh acres.
◼ Total IP Created: Combined Total: 73.60 lakh acres out of the planned 127.58 lakh acres.
◼ Remaining Balance:To be Developed: 53.98 lakh acres.
Narayanpet-Kodangal Lift Irrigation Scheme

◼ Inauguration Date: February 21, 2024, by the Chief Minister.
◼ Objective: Provide irrigation facilities to drought-prone areas in Narayanpet district.
◼ Coverage: Makthal: 25,783 acres, Narayanpet: 20,472 acres, Kodangal: 53,745 acres
◼ Additional Benefits: Provision of 0.385 TMC of drinking water to surrounding villages.
◼ Funding: Administrative sanction granted for Rs. 2,945 crore for surveys, detailed investigations, designs,
and execution of the scheme.

Swachh Telangana Initiative
◼ Objective: Enhance infrastructure for cross-drainage works and improve basic civic amenities, including
drinking water and sanitation.
◼ Summer Special Drive (March 7-15, 2024):
◼ Borewell Repairs: 99.04% completed at a cost of ₹11.07 crore.
◼ Pipeline Repairs: 95.33% completed at a cost of ₹16.51 crore.
Sanitation Goals:
⚫ Improve sanitation facilities to reduce infectious diseases.
⚫ Conduct periodical sanitation drives in gram panchayats.
⚫ Provide tractors, tankers, and trolleys to all gram panchayats for improved sanitation.
⚫ Construct village dumping yards and implement door-to-door garbage collection for composting.
⚫ Ensure regular cleaning of roads, streets, and desilting of drains.
Transportation in Telangana
Modes of Transport: Roads, Railways, Airways
Importance: Crucial for the movement of goods and people; significant contributor to the state’s
economic output.
Road Transportation Network

Components:
⚫ National Highways (NHs)
⚫ Roads managed by the Roads and Buildings Department (R&B)
⚫ Rural roads managed by the Panchayat Raj Engineering Department (PRED)
⚫ Roads managed by the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC)
Total Road Length: 1,10,756 km

◼ Rural Roads: 61.88%
◼ State Highways and District Roads (R&B): 25.92%
◼ GHMC Roads: 8.14%
◼ National Highways: 4.06%
Road Density in Telangana

◼ Overall Road Density (2023-24): 98.8 km per 100 sq km.
◼ Districts with Highest Road Density:
◼ Hyderabad: 1,332.7 km per 100 sq km (highest).
◼ Medchal Malkajgiri: 385.4 km per 100 sq km (second highest).
◼ Rangareddy: 158 km per 100 sq km (third highest).
Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TGSRTC)
◼ Role: Provides efficient and affordable public transportation, crucial for the state’s transportation
infrastructure.
IT Initiatives:
◼ Implementation of Intelligent Ticket Issue Machine (i-TIMS).
◼ Launch of a bus tracking app to enhance service efficiency.
Future Plans:
◼ Introduction of 1,050 new buses in 2024.
◼ Investment of ₹400 crore for this initiative.
Vehicle Strength in Telangana

◼ Growth in Vehicles: Telangana has seen significant increases in both private and public vehicles due to
improved infrastructure and its status as an IT hub.
◼ Digitization of Services: The state transport department has fully computerized its services.
T-Appfolio Mobile App: This app provides 59 services online, allowing users to:
◼ Access services anytime, anywhere
◼ Make online payments and book slots
◼ Issue duplicate licenses, learner licenses, badges, temporary, and special permits
Vehicle categories arranged from highest to lowest based on the number of vehicles registered:
1. Motorcycles: 1,21,74,353
2. Motor Cars: 22,18,906
3. Tractor and Trailers: 7,45,231
4. Goods Carriages: 6,33,364
5. Autorickshaws: 4,88,786
6. Motor Cabs: 1,36,902
7. Other Vehicles: 91,708
8. Educational Institute Buses: 29,869
9. Maxi Cabs: 27,948
10. Stage Carriages: 9,071
11. Contract Carriages: 5,613
12. Private Service Vehicles: 3,135
13. e-Rickshaw/e-Carts: 244
Mahalakshmi Free Travel Scheme

◼ Objective:Provide free bus travel for women, girls, and transgender persons domiciled in Telangana.
◼ Applicable on: District Ordinary (Pallevelugu and Mini Pallevelugu), District Express, City Ordinary, City
Metro Express buses operated by TGSRTC.
◼ Start Date: December 9, 2023.
◼ Eligibility: Beneficiaries must present their Aadhar Card and Address Proof.
◼ Key Features: No limit on distance traveled or number of trips within the state.
Impact (as of June 30, 2024):
◼ Total Passengers: 62.13 crore women benefited.
◼ Savings: ₹2,142.83 crore in transportation charges.
Significance:
◼ Empowers women by enhancing mobility.
◼ Improves access to education, employment, healthcare, and essential services.
◼ Removes financial barriers, promoting gender equality and socio-economic development in the state.
Urban Transport Infrastructure in Hyderabad

Hyderabad Metro Rail (HMR)
◼ Overview:A sustainable transportation mode in Hyderabad, covering 69 km with three existing corridors.
◼ Phase-2 Expansion: Proposed extension of 73 km with 5 additional corridors.
◼ Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) for Phase-2 are under finalization.
◼ Aims to facilitate equitable growth across the city.
◼ Impact: The project has become a significant part of Hyderabad’s brand image and has received multiple
awards for planning and capacity.
Air Traffic Patterns at Rajiv Gandhi International Airport

◼ Passenger Traffic: Exceeded 25 million passengers during 2023-24.
◼ Destinations:
◼ Services to 67 domestic and 20 international destinations.
New routes include:
◼ International: Frankfurt, Ras-Al-Khaimah.
◼ Domestic: Gondia, Salem, Amritsar, Gwalior, Kishangarh, Shivamogga, and Sindhudurg.
◼ Traffic Management: Implemented an Airport Collaborative Decision-Making tool to alleviate ground
congestion and delays.
◼ Recognition: Awarded second place for punctuality in 2023 by Cirium in the global large airports
category.
Digital Infrastructure in Telangana

◼ Importance of Communication Infrastructure
◼ Role: Essential for economic development and building networks within the state and globally.
◼ Components: Includes digital communication, telephones, newspapers, and postal services.

◼ Focus: The Telangana government aims to enhance both digital and conventional communication
networks.
Digital Infrastructure
◼ Definition: Encompasses telecommunications networks, servers, data centers, etc.
◼ Significance: Key for enabling digital transformation, increasing connectivity, and boosting productivity.
Projects:
◼ Establishment of India’s second Very Low Frequency (VLF) radar station in Vikarabad.
◼ Transfer of 1,174 hectares of forest land to the Indian Navy for the VLF center by 2027, enhancing
strategic communication.
Digital Telangana
◼ Objective: Aligns with the Digital India initiative to provide adequate digital facilities for all citizens.
◼ Focus Areas: Creating accessible and affordable digital infrastructure for all societal segments.
Initiatives:
◼ Common Services Centres (CSCs):
◼ Total: 13,352 CSCs providing digital literacy.
◼ Services Offered: Essential public utility services to citizens.
◼ Collaboration: MoU signed between the ITE&C department and Systra Group for a 1,000-member
Advanced Centre for Digital Design and Construction Project Management in Hyderabad during the
World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2024 in Davos.
Digital Telangana Initiatives (2024)

1. Focus on Artificial Intelligence (AI)
◼ Objective: Position Telangana as a hub for AI development and innovation.
◼ MoU with 3AI: Aimed at building a robust AI community by integrating tech professionals, local startups,
and new tech initiatives.
2. Sagu Baagu 2.0

◼ Expansion: Continuation of the Sagu Baagu project to enhance agricultural practices.
◼ Expression of Interest: Published for empanelment of AgriTech companies.
◼ Technical Discussions: Held in February 2024 to discuss implementation strategies.
◼ Goal: Revolutionize agriculture using AI-based technologies for sustainable and efficient farming.
◼ Funding Sources: Targeting investments from startups, public sector undertakings (PSUs), and trusts.
3. Drone Framework
Telangana Drone City (TDC):
◼ Initiative to establish a premier Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) test and business hub.
◼ Focus on resource sharing and best practices to foster innovation and development.
Partnerships:
◼ Collaboration between Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited (IFFCO) and Marut Drones.
◼ Launch of Drone-as-a-Service targeting service for five lakh acres of farmland.
◼ Aim: Promote rural entrepreneurship and enhance agricultural efficiency.

5. INDUSTRIES AND SERVICES
Industries in Telangana: Overview
1. Introduction
◼ Economic Importance: Industries are crucial for economic development, job creation, and technological
innovation.
◼ Government Commitment: Telangana aims to become an industrialized state, focusing on diverse
sectors including MSMEs, manufacturing, food processing, and pharmaceuticals.
2. Role of Industry in the State Economy

◼ Employment Generation: The industrial sector significantly contributes to job creation and enhances
living standards.
Diverse Sectors:
◼ High-tech: Pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, nanotechnology.
◼ Traditional: Textiles, leather, food processing, minerals.
◼ Incentives for first-generation entrepreneurs and support for SCs, STs, and women-owned enterprises.
3. Sectoral Contribution
Economic Contribution:
◼ The industrial sector constitutes approximately 18% of
Telangana's Gross State Value Added (GSVA).
◼ For 2023-24, this contribution is projected at 18.54%.
◼ Growth: The sector's contribution increased by 10.1%,
rising from Rs. 2,25,663 crore in 2022-23 to Rs. 2,48,505
crore in 2023-24.
Sub-sectoral Growth in Telangana (2023-24)

1. Growth Rates by Sub-sector
◼ Mining and Quarrying: Growth Rate: 10.5%
◼ Manufacturing: Growth Rate: 9.6%
◼ Electricity, Gas, Water Supply, and Other Utility Services:
Growth Rate: 10.3%
◼ Construction: Growth Rate: 10.9%
2. Employment Contribution
As per the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) Quarterly Bulletin from January to March 2024
◼ Urban Workforce in India: Secondary Sector Employment: 32.0% (aged 15 and above).
◼ Telangana's Workforce: Secondary Sector Employment: 29.79%
◼ Insight: Slightly below the national average, indicating a significant portion of the workforce is engaged
in industrial activities, particularly in mining and construction.

Initiatives of the Telangana Government to Promote Industries
1. TG-iPASS (Telangana-Industrial Project Approval and Self-Certification System)
◼ Objective: To streamline industrial approvals and position Telangana as a preferred investment
destination.
◼ Single point clearance for entrepreneurs.
◼ Mega projects receive automatic clearance upon self-certification.
◼ Penalties for officials who delay clearances.
◼ Recognition: Praised nationwide and recognized by the Government of India as a best practice under
the Ease of Doing Business initiative.
2. T-IDEA (Telangana Industrial Development and Entrepreneur Advancement)

◼ Investment subsidies, land cost reimbursement, stamp duty reimbursement, SGST reimbursement, and
low-interest loans (Pavala Vaddi).
◼ Tailored incentives for mega projects (investments over ₹200 crore or employing over 1,000 people).
3. T-PRIDE (Telangana Program for Rapid Incubation of Dalit Entrepreneurs)

◼ Support for SC/ST/PHC Entrepreneurs:
◼ Preferential allotment of industrial plots, direct funding, margin money, and arranging sub-contracts.
◼ Special incentives for women entrepreneurs.
4. Major Investments Secured in 2024

Telangana is competing for industrial expansion against neighboring states.
◼ JSW Neo Energy: ₹90 billion for a pumped storage project.
◼ GODI India Pvt Ltd: ₹80 billion for a manufacturing facility specializing in lithium and sodium-ion
batteries.
◼ Web Works: ₹52 billion for building data centers.
5. Support for MSMEs

◼ Role: Critical for economic growth, employment, and innovation.
◼ Government Initiatives: Establishing MSME clusters and creating world-class industrial infrastructure.
◼ 70% of land allotments targeted for MSMEs.
Women Entrepreneurs Hub (WE-Hub)

◼ Overview: WE-Hub is an initiative by the Telangana government to promote women’s entrepreneurship
across various socioeconomic strata, especially in Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities. It aims to create a supportive
ecosystem involving government agencies, industries, academia, and international organizations.
◼ Start-ups and SMEs: 6,377 active participants with 122 partners.
◼ Programs: 88 startup initiatives with a 76% survival rate after two years.
◼ Engagements: 7,829 interactions and interventions.
◼ Funding Raised: Approximately ₹178 crore.
Support Initiatives:
◼ Pre-Incubation Programs: Focused on women, minority communities, and LGBTQIA+ individuals.
◼ Start-X Program: A collaboration with the Australian Consulate, featuring a 62% graduation rate.
Telangana Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (TGIIC)

◼ Objective: To enhance industrial growth in Telangana by developing world-class infrastructure and
facilitating faster clearances.
◼ Provision of industrial plots, roads, drainage, water, and power.
◼ Development of social infrastructure, such as housing for workers.
◼ Engagement in Public-Private Partnerships to boost industrial projects.
Handlooms and Powerlooms
◼ Vision: To elevate Telangana’s rich handloom heritage, featuring renowned textiles like Pochampally
Ikat and Gadwal Sarees.
◼ The ethnic designs and patterns of Pochampally Ikat, Gadwal Cotton, Silk & Sico sarees, Narayanpet
Cotton and Silk Sarees, Warangal Durries, Karimnagar bed sheets & furnishings, and Gollabhama sarees
of Dubbaka showcase the exemplary skills of the state’s handloom weavers
Government Initiatives:
◼ Geo-Tagging: Unique digital codes for looms to enhance welfare scheme transparency.
◼ T-Nethanna App: A tool for weavers and power loom unit owners to address challenges, with
significant user engagement.
◼ Chenetha Mitra Scheme: eligible weaver applicants will receive a subsidy of 50%, with 40% from the
state government, and 10% from the central government. 50% subsidy for weavers, with immediate
financial support of ₹3,000/month.
◼ Nethanna Bima: the state government offers insurance coverage to eligible members of the weaver
community. Initially targeting individuals aged 18 to 59, the upper age limit was extended to 65 years
during 2023-24.
◼ Nethannaku Cheyutha Scheme: provides social security to handloom weavers by depositing twice the
amount of 8% of their wage into a savings account.
◼ Cluster Development: Two new clusters in Ghatuppal and Theratpally to support 650 weavers with
₹77.65 lakhs allocated for loom provision.
Textiles
◼ Context: Telangana is the 3rd highest cotton-producing state in India, known for its artistic weaves.
◼ Challenges: Outdated technologies, insufficient credit, reliance on middlemen, and limited product
diversification.
◼ Investment in textile parks, including the Kakatiya Integrated Mega Textile Park.
◼ Comprehensive support under the Telangana Textile and Apparel Policy (T-TAP).
T-TAP Initiatives:
◼ Incentives: Capital assistance, interest subsidies, power tariff support.
◼ Focus on skill development and capacity building.
Handicrafts
◼ Cultural Heritage: Telangana is renowned for its diverse handicrafts, including Bidri crafts, Pochampally
handlooms, and more.
◼ Support Structure: The Telangana Handicrafts Development Corporation promotes these crafts and
supports artisans through the Golkonda Handicrafts brand.
Telangana Leather Industries Promotion Corporation Ltd (TGLIPC Ltd)

◼ Objective: To promote the leather industry and enhance skills in the sector.
◼ Production of leather products for government departments.
◼ Collaboration with the Footwear Design & Development Institute (FDDI) for training, consultancy, and
skill development.
Telangana Trade Promotion Corporation Limited (TGTPC Ltd)

◼ Purpose: TGTPC is dedicated to enhancing external trade through various promotional activities and
infrastructure development. It manufactures and sells Golkonda brand notebooks and paper products
primarily for government departments and the open market.
◼ Production of Golkonda notebooks and plain copier paper.

◼ Establishing logistics facilities to support trade.
Promoting MSME performance.
◼ Developing a Unity Mall at Raidurg as part of the Make in India initiative, focusing on the One District
One Product concept.
◼ 2023-24 Achievements: TGTPC generated sales of ₹130 crore from Golkonda brand notebooks.
Life Sciences and Pharmaceuticals

◼ Overview: Telangana is a pivotal hub in India’s life sciences and pharmaceutical sectors, producing one-
third of the country’s pharmaceutical products and contributing significantly to exports.
◼ The state exports pharma products to over 100 countries, emphasizing its strategic initiatives and
infrastructure.
◼ Notable for its vaccine production capabilities, with key companies like Bharat Biotech and Biological E.
Genome Valley:
◼ Recognized as the “Vaccine Capital of the World,” it houses over 200 biotech companies and significant
vaccine manufacturers.
◼ The Biopharma Hub (B-Hub) is a key initiative in Genome Valley, collaborating with Cytiva to establish
a scale-up facility.
◼ Plans for ten pharma villages with a total investment of ₹1.00 lakh crore aim to create 5 lakh jobs and
enhance GDP.
Medical Devices Park

◼ Location: Situated in Sultanpur, Hyderabad, this park is India’s largest hub for medical devices.
◼ Key Features:
◼ Over 55 companies have established R&D and manufacturing units here.
◼ Supported by more than 1,000 precision engineering SMEs and 6,000 plastic manufacturers.
◼ The area has a strong talent pool with academic and research centers focusing on engineering and
medicine.
◼ The government is committed to making this park the preferred choice by offering competitive
incentives.
Food Processing
◼ Growth: The food processing industry in Telangana is rapidly expanding, benefiting farmers and
enhancing agricultural sustainability.
Major Developments:
◼ Home to the largest ice cream manufacturing unit, Hatsun’s Venture, located in Zahirabad Taluk.
◼ The state supports various processing units for wet maize, oleoresin, and chili.
◼ Establishment of Telangana Special Food Processing Zones has facilitated large-scale clusters.
Agricultural Strengths:
◼ Telangana leads in turmeric and sweet lemon production and ranks third in chili production.
◼ The government has established over ten training institutes focused on food technology.
◼ Initiatives are in place to attract private investments by increasing incentives for food parks.
Mining in Telangana
◼ Mining in Telangana encompasses a range of minerals including sand, coal, and limestone, contributing
significantly to the state’s economy.

Sand Mining
Regulation and Impact:
◼ Managed by the Telangana Mineral Development Corporation (TGMDC), sand mining focuses on
sustainable practices to support infrastructure and economic growth.
◼ In 2023-24, sand mining contributed over ₹673.5 crore to state revenue, demonstrating TGMDC's
effective policies for balancing resource use and environmental conservation.
◼ Sand Taxi Service: An innovative online booking system for sand delivery, recognized as a best practice
by the Ministry of Mines.
Coal Mining
◼ Singareni Collieries is central to coal mining in Telangana, providing coal for electricity generation and
supporting local economies.
◼ The focus remains on sustainable and efficient mining practices.
Limestone Mining
Production Highlights:
◼ Limestone is essential for cement production, and its mining contributes significantly to state revenue.
◼ The Devpur Limestone Mine produced 3,452,595 metric tons in 2023-24, yielding ₹6.91 crore in revenue.
By May 2024-25, production reached 473,719 metric tons with ₹0.92 crore in revenue.
Exports Sector
Overview:
Exports are vital for Telangana's economy, providing revenue and employment.
In 2022-23, total exports reached ₹3,33,042 crore, with services constituting 72.45% and merchandise
27.55%.
Merchandise Exports
◼ For the fiscal year 2023-24, merchandise exports totaled ₹1,16,182 crore.
◼ Pharmaceuticals are the leading export commodity, contributing 32% (₹36,893 crore) of the total.
◼ Other significant exports include organic chemicals, electrical machinery, and aircraft parts.
Key Export Markets
◼ The USA is the largest destination, receiving 28.16% of total exports, followed by the UAE (6.90%) and
China (5.20%).
District Contributions
◼ Ranga Reddy leads with 29% of total exports (₹34,249 crore), followed by Medchal Malkajgiri at 22%
(₹25,444 crore). Other notable contributors include Sangareddy (19%) and Hyderabad (17%).
Services Sector in Telangana

Introduction
The services sector is a cornerstone of economic development,
encompassing critical areas like finance, healthcare, education, and
tourism. As economies globally shift towards knowledge-based
industries, the importance of the services sector has amplified,
especially in Telangana. Supported by technological advancements
and digitalization, this sector is vital for sustainable development and
economic resilience.
Sub-sectoral Insights
◼ In the fiscal year 2023-24, the services sector accounted for 65.70%
(₹880,569 crore) of Telangana’s Gross State Domestic Product

(GSDP) at current prices, affirming its status as the leading sector in the state’s economy.
◼ Overall Growth: The services sector grew by 14.6% year-on-year, showcasing resilience and expansion
driven by increased consumer demand and operational efficiencies.
◼ Trade, Repair, Hotels, and Restaurants: This sub-sector experienced significant growth of 20.81%, with
its contribution rising from 27.6% to 29.0% of the services sector. This indicates robust demand in
consumer-oriented services.
◼ Transport, Storage, Communication, and Broadcasting: This segment grew by 15%, maintaining its
contribution at 11.6%, reflecting stable demand for logistics and communication services.
◼ Financial Services and Real Estate: These areas saw slight declines in their contributions, from 7.9% to
7.6% and 36.8% to 35.6%, respectively, indicating potential challenges or market adjustments within
these sectors.
◼ Public Administration: This sub-sector maintained a consistent contribution of 4.5%, highlighting its
ongoing importance in governance and infrastructure support.
Employment Trends in the Services Sector (Jan-Mar 2024)

◼ National Employment: 62.2% of urban workforce in services (61.7% males, 63.4% females).
◼ Telangana Employment: 66.6% of urban workforce in services (67.63% males, 63.96% females).
◼ Key Insight: Telangana exceeds national averages in urban service sector employment for both genders,
reflecting robust economic activity and urban development, particularly among males.
Booming Gig and Platform Economy

◼ Definition: Gig workers operate outside traditional employment, categorized into platform (digital app-
based) and non-platform (casual wage or self-employed).
◼ Current Stats: In 2020-21, India had 7.7 million gig workers, projected to reach 23.5 million by 2029-30.

◼ Challenges: Gig workers face irregular payments, lack of social security, limited collective bargaining,
and poor grievance mechanisms.
◼ Legislation: The Code on Social Security, 2020 offers some benefits, while Rajasthan's 2023 Act
establishes a welfare board and fund for platform workers. Telangana plans similar legislation.
IT and IT-Enabled Services in Telangana

◼ Sector Growth: Telangana’s IT sector is the fastest-growing in the state, with Hyderabad as a major
software export hub.
◼ Fiscal Performance: In 2022-23, IT exports reached ₹2,41,275 crore, growing by 31.44%, significantly
outpacing the national growth rate of 9.36%.
◼ Employment Increase: IT sector jobs rose from 7,78,121 in 2021-22 to 9,05,715 in 2022-23, reinforcing
Telangana’s position as a leading innovation and investment destination.
Electronics Manufacturing
◼ Vision: The government aims to make Telangana a global hub for electronics manufacturing, targeting
1 million jobs by 2030 and 1.5 million by 2032.
◼ Economic Contribution: The Electronics, Semiconductors, and EV sectors are projected to contribute
$150 billion to the state’s GDP by 2032.
◼ Industry Presence: Over 250 companies operate in Telangana, employing more than 50,000 individuals
and accounting for 6% of India’s electronic production.
◼ Two Electronic Manufacturing Clusters: (EMCs) at E-City in Raviryala and Maheswaram in
Rangareddy district attracting investments across the electronics value chain, R&D and Design Centers
from majors such as Foxconn, Apple, OnePlus, etc.
Major Investments in Telangana

◼ Radiant Appliances & Electronics Pvt. Ltd. : Manufacturing unit for LED TVs in E-City EMC.
◼ Premier Energies: World-class Solar PV manufacturing facility in E-City EMC.
◼ Olectra Greentech: Largest electric bus manufacturer in India.
◼ Biliti Electric (Gayam Motors): World's largest electric 3-wheeler facility.
◼ Qualcomm: Rs. 3,900 crore investment in Hyderabad; employs 8,700 software professionals.
◼ Fisker Inc.: Indian headquarters in Hyderabad. Focus on software development, embedded electronics,
and data analytics.
Electronic Service Delivery (ESD) in Telangana

◼ Overview: ESD enhances government accessibility and transparency through initiatives like MeeSeva
and eSeva, facilitating services to citizens and businesses.
◼ MeeSeva: Offers 'Anywhere, Anytime' access with around 1 to 1.5 lakh daily transactions and 1.5 crore
annually, across 4,500 centers and over 600 services.
◼ E-Transactions: From June 2014 to May 2024, Telangana completed over 571 million e-transactions,
averaging 162,247.24 per 1,000 population.
◼ T-App Folio: A mobile app providing 267 services from 28 departments, serving 3.3 lakh citizens in 2023-
24, with a total transacted amount of ₹76 crore.
◼ T-Wallet: India’s first official state digital wallet, with 1.43 million users facilitating nearly 42.6 million
transactions worth ₹24,950 crore.
Emerging Technologies
◼ Focus Areas: The government emphasizes Robotics, AI, Space Technology, Cloud Technologies, and
Blockchain to enhance administration.
◼ Centres of Excellence: SAP India has set up 17 centres to train students in emerging technologies,
boosting skills for Industry 4.0.

Society For Telangana Network (SoFTNET)
◼ Mission: Aims to educate and empower through the TSAT satellite TV network, providing distance
learning and various educational programs.
◼ Outreach: Partners with universities and reaches a wide audience with educational content, mental
health awareness, and competitive exam preparation.
◼ Digital Presence: T-SAT YouTube channel has 7.6 million subscribers, while the T-SAT app supports e-
learning for students in classes VI to X.
Tourism in Telangana
◼ Overview: Telangana, located in the Deccan Plateau, is rich in history and culture, serving as a bridge
between northern and southern India. The state features numerous divine and heritage sites, as well as
stunning natural landscapes.
Historical and Religious Sites:
◼ Alampur Jogulamba Temple, Jagannatha Temple, Hyderabad, Ramappa Temple, Warangal, Qutb Shahi
Tombs, Charminar, Warangal Fort
Natural Wonders:
◼ Bogatha Waterfalls, Nagarjuna Sagar, Pochera Waterfalls
Telangana Tourism Development Corporation (TGTDC)

Developing Tourism Infrastructure: Building hotels, resorts, and amenities.
◼ Creating Tourist Circuits: Promoting new destinations to attract visitors.
◼ Operating Package Tours: Offering comprehensive tours including transport, accommodation, and
guides.
Services Offered:
◼ Leisure cruises and water sports on various water bodies.
◼ Comprehensive tour packages with transportation and accommodation options.
◼ Pilgrimage darshan facilities.
Tourist Footfall
◼ Domestic Tourists: In 2023, Telangana received 5,84,47,573 domestic tourists, reflecting a 3.78%
decrease from the previous year.
◼ Foreign Tourists: The state welcomed 1,60,912 foreign tourists, showing a 135.24% increase from last
year.
Tourism Circuits in Telangana

The Telangana government is strategically developing tourism circuits to enhance visitor experiences by
connecting key attractions.
Key Circuits:
Ramappa/Rudreshwara Temple Circuit:
Highlight: UNESCO World Heritage Site.
◼ Tribal Circuit: Mulugu, Laknavaram, Medaram, Tadvai, Damaravi, Mallur, Bogatha Waterfall.
◼ Heritage Circuit: Qutub Shahi Heritage Park, Paigah Tombs, Hayat Bakshi Mosque, Raymond’s Tomb
Infrastructure Development
◼ With financial support from the central government under the Swadesh Darshan Scheme, the state is
enhancing its tourism infrastructure, which includes:
◼ Tourism Facilitation Center, Parking Facilities, Solar Lighting, Log Huts and Cafeterias, Watchtowers
◼ Eco-Trails for hiking, trekking, and cycling, particularly around Bhongir Fort and Ananthagiri Hills.

Eco-Tourism Circuits
◼ The Telangana government has initiated eco-tourism circuits to promote its diverse natural landscapes
and biodiversity. Twelve destinations, including Ananthagiri and Kagaznagar Tiger Corridor, have been
identified for activities like trekking and bird watching. Guest houses and resorts will be developed to
accommodate tourists.
Festivals
◼ Telangana celebrates vibrant festivals reflecting its cultural heritage. Notable festivals include Bonalu
(dedicated to Goddess Mahakali), Muharram (symbolizing communal harmony), and Bathukamma (a
floral festival celebrating nature).
Pilgrimages
◼ Significant pilgrimage sites include Yadagirigutta, Basara's Saraswati Temple, and Jogulamba Temple at
Alampur, enriching Telangana's spiritual landscape.
Heritage Walks
◼ TGTDC organizes heritage walks in Hyderabad, allowing exploration of historical sites. Affordable routes
include Charminar to Chowmahalla Palace, promoting historical appreciation.
HARITHA
◼ The HARITHA hotel chain by TGTDC provides quality accommodations and amenities across Telangana,
enhancing the tourist experience.
TG-iPASS
◼ TG-iPASS streamlines the approval process for tourism-related activities, consolidating approvals from
multiple departments into a single online system.
Conservation Efforts
◼ The Telangana Department of Tourism focuses on restoring heritage sites, with projects for Qutb Shahi
Tombs and Makkah Masjid among others, reflecting commitment to preserving cultural heritage.
Financial Services
◼ The financial sector in Telangana has grown significantly, promoting economic stability and inclusion.
In 2023-24, the gross value added by financial services reached Rs 66,619 crore, up 9.7% from the
previous year, supporting both investment and access to essential services for all.
Banking and Insurance

◼ Banking and insurance are crucial for Telangana's economic stability, with 6,415 bank branches as of
March 31, 2024. 47% of these branches are in urban areas, enhancing investment opportunities and
consumer confidence.
Trade, Repair, and Hospitality Sector
◼ The Gross State Value Added (GSVA) for this sector grew by 20.81%, from Rs. 2,11,711 crore in 2022-23
to Rs. 2,55,771 crore in 2023-24. Notably, trade and repair services increased by 21.2%, while the
hospitality sector saw a 14.8% rise.
Transportation, Storage, Broadcasting, and Communication
◼ This sector's GSVA rose by 15%, reaching Rs. 1,02,453 crore in 2023-24. Significant growth in
transportation services, particularly in railways and road transport, contributed to a 16.80% increase.
Real Estate and Professional Services
◼ The GSVA for real estate and professional services increased by 11%, from Rs. 2,82,518 crore in 2022-
23 to Rs. 3,13,592 crore in 2023-24.
Initiatives to Promote Real-Estate Services

◼ Dharani: This IT-driven land records system aims to enhance land registration but faced challenges. A
committee was formed to restructure it, successfully resolving 1.38 lakh pending applications in March
2024.

◼ TG-bPASS: This integrated system simplifies the approval process for land development and
construction. From January 2023 to June 2024, it received 1,22,435 applications, resulting in 88,901
approvals.
Initiatives to Promote Skill and Innovation in Telangana

◼ The Telangana government prioritizes skill development to adapt to the rapidly changing economic
landscape. This multifaceted approach includes partnerships and programs aimed at equipping the
workforce with necessary skills.
Key Initiatives
Campus to Corporate Program
Partners: Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages (HCCB), Telangana Academy for Skill and Knowledge (TASK),
Ashan Consulting.
Impact: Empowers nearly 5,000 diploma students from government polytechnic colleges with employable
skills.
Tata Technologies Support

Investment: Rs 2,700 crore for job-oriented industrial skill development training for around one lakh
students.
Goal: Establishing Skilling Centers with advanced machinery and software for industry-relevant training.
Skill University: Establishing a university to provide advanced knowledge and enhance youth skills,
further bridging education and employment.
Singareni Collieries Skill Centers: Focus: Setting up training centers in coal belt areas to promote
inclusive growth.
Telangana Academy for Skill and Knowledge (TASK)

◼ Establishment: A non-profit by the Government of Telangana.
◼ Mission: Enhance collaboration among government, industry, and academia.
◼ Innovation Program: Initiated Innovation for Telangana State 2.0 (i4TS 2.0), aiding over 20,000 youth in
entrepreneurship, awarded SKOCH Gold for excellence.
Telangana Innovation Cell (TGIC)

◼ Purpose: Serves as a gateway for innovators, startups, and entrepreneurs seeking government support.
◼ Mission: Foster a culture of innovation in education, integrate innovative practices in governance, and
promote a statewide innovation culture.
◼ Support: Provides resources, collaboration opportunities, and talent nurturing to spur technological
advancements.
Technology Hub (T-Hub)

◼ Role: A premier innovation intermediary in Hyderabad enhancing entrepreneurship.
◼ Focus: Supports startups through every stage, ensuring links between startups, investors, and academia.
◼ Over 2000 startups provided with resources.
◼ Approximately $1.94 billion raised in funding.
T-Works
◼ Description: India’s largest hardware prototyping center.
◼ Vision: Foster a community of makers and innovators, promoting creativity and experimentation.
◼ Support: Provides facilities for transforming ideas into prototypes, contributing to technological
advancement and competitiveness in India.

Record Investments in Telangana
◼ Highlights from the Chief Minister’s Davos Trip (January 15-19, 2024)
◼ Investment Achievement: Hon’ble Chief Minister Sri A. Revanth Reddy led a delegation to the World
Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos, securing a record ₹40,232 crore in investments for Telangana. This
amount nearly doubles the investments from the previous year.
◼ Delegation Composition: The delegation included the Hon’ble Minister for IT & Industries, Dr. D. Sridhar
Babu, along with key officials, who engaged with over 200 major business leaders and companies during
the event.
◼ Key Investors: Notable commitments came from prominent companies such as:
◼ Adani Group, JSW, Web Werks, Tata Technologies, BL Agro, Surgical Holdings, Godi Energy, Aragen Life
Sciences, Innovera Pharmaceuticals, QCentrio, Systra, Uber, o9 Solutions
◼ These investments are expected to create over 2,500 direct jobs, significantly boosting Telangana’s
economic landscape.

6. GOVERNANCE
Good Governance Overview
Good governance is a democratic management structure that ensures fair and prudent decision-making
through participation, rule of law, transparency, accountability, responsiveness, equity, and efficiency. It
allows citizens to voice their opinions, feel a stake in decisions, and ensure a robust legal framework and
openness to feedback. Good governance promotes equal opportunities and participation for all societal
groups, addressing discrimination and amplifying marginalised voices while focusing on long-term goals
to maintain a balanced and inclusive societal framework.
Key Elements
◼ Commitment to Rule of Law: Strong judiciary and
human rights protection.
◼ Efforts: Streamlining institutions for accountability and
transparency.
◼ Focus Areas: Decentralization of Administration,
Citizen-Centric Governance, Public Safety and Security
◼ Decentralization
◼ Purpose: Enhances local government accountability,
efficiency, and citizen participation.
◼ Framework: E-governance supports communication
and grievance resolution.
◼ Local Governance Structures
◼ Urban Local Bodies (ULBs): 10 UDAs and 142 ULBs,
regulated by the Telangana Municipalities Act, 2019.
◼ Rural Governance: Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs) at
three levels—Zilla Parishad, Mandal Parishad, Gram
Panchayat.
Systems Strengthening Citizen-Centric Governance

◼ Objective: Build systems prioritizing citizens through transparency, accessible technology, effective
complaint channels, and participation opportunities.
Key Initiatives
◼ Technological Integration:
◼ Enhances public services (transportation, social security, healthcare, education).
◼ Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT): Ensures timely aid to beneficiaries, increasing efficiency and accountability.
Praja Palana Portal & Mobile App:

◼ Purpose: Centralized access to six primary guarantee schemes.
◼ Features: Ensures faster processing times and reduces the risk of errors or corruption. Praja Palana
empowers citizens to actively participate in government programs and access the benefits they deserve
by leveraging technology.
Praja Vani:
◼ Function: Public grievance redressal system for accountability and citizen voice.
◼ Accessibility: Multiple complaint registration methods (online, in-person, phone, WhatsApp).
◼ Process: Citizens receive a tracking number for grievances, enhancing transparency.
◼ Schedule: Complaints can be submitted every Tuesday and Friday.

eTaal Project
◼ The Electronic Transaction Aggregation and Analysis Layer (eTaal) is a common platform for evaluating
citizen services delivered across the country.
◼ As reported by eTaal, MeitY, and the Govt of India, Telangana has recorded the highest number of e-
transactions per 1000 people
Government Order Issue Register (GOIR):

GOIR stands for Government Order Issue Register. It’s a website used by some Indian states to publish
official government pronouncements (GOs).
e-Procurement Platform:
◼ Revolutionizes procurement processes with efficiency and transparency.
◼ Benefits: Reduces costs, procurement cycle times, and administrative expenses.
◼ Security Features: Valid DSC login, compliance with regulations, and 2048-bit SSL encryption.
e-Office Project Overview

◼ Objective: The e-Office project aims to create a paperless office environment in Telangana, enhancing
transparency, efficiency, and accountability.
◼ Launched in December 2015.
◼ Currently active in over 30 Secretariat Departments and 113 HOD Offices, including various educational
institutions and district offices.
◼ Ongoing implementation in 5 departments and extending to the Mandal level.
◼ New instances are being created for universities and other institutions.
MeeSeva Overview
◼ Purpose: MeeSeva facilitates the delivery of government services (G2C, G2B, B2C) across Telangana
using ICT.
◼ Services Offered: Over 450 services available through more than 4,500 MeeSeva Centers and an online
portal.
T-App Folio Overview

◼ Goal: Enhance service delivery through a mobile platform, offering convenient access to government
services.
◼ Single Sign-On (SSO) for seamless access.
◼ Involves 28 departments with 267 active services.
◼ Generated ₹326 crores in revenue from 25 lakh citizens.
Smart PDS Solutions

◼ Objective: Enhance the Public Distribution System (PDS) through intra-state portability and automation.
◼ Portability: Citizens can access rations from any Fair Price Shop (FPS) within Telangana.
◼ Automation: ePoS devices installed in 17,151 FPS for online distribution, with safeguards like IRIS
identification and Aadhaar-based OTP.
Land Records Management: Dharani

◼ Overview: Dharani is an Integrated Land Records Management System in Telangana, aimed at improving
transparency and efficiency in land record management.
Features:
◼ 35 transactional and 11 informational modules.
◼ Delivery of Pattadar passbooks directly to citizens' doorsteps.
◼ Recent Reforms:

◼ A committee was formed to address system issues, leading to a special drive (March 1-15, 2024) that
resolved 1.38 lakh of 2,46,131 pending applications.
◼ District Collectors are empowered to expedite processes, enhancing service efficiency for farmers.
Telangana Public Service Commission (TGPSC)

◼ Restructuring Initiatives:
◼ Background: Following allegations of impropriety, a review of TGPSC was initiated in December 2023
under the Chief Minister.
◼ Goals:
◼ To create a more transparent and accountable TGPSC, restoring public trust in the recruitment process.
◼ Expedite recruitment for qualified candidates, establishing a meritocratic and efficient public service
recruitment system in Telangana.
Mobile Governance in Telangana

Real-time Digital Authentication of Identity (RTDAI)
◼ Overview: RTDAI is a tech-driven system for pensioner verification in Telangana.
Features:
◼ Utilizes facial recognition for digital verification, eliminating in-person visits.
◼ Offers contactless verification, enhancing convenience, especially for senior citizens.
◼ Employs multi-layered verification (demographics, facial recognition, liveness detection) to reduce
fraudulent claims.
◼ Improves efficiency with faster pension disbursement processing.
◼ Maintains a database of approximately 2.65 lakh pensioners, with annual authentication transactions.
Citizen Buddy
◼ Overview: Citizen Buddy is an Android app launched by CDMA to enhance access to municipal services.
◼ Enables citizens to file complaints and grievances related to municipal services (e.g., street lighting, road
cleaning).
Services Offered:
◼ Checking and paying taxes, booking water tankers, receiving notifications, and accessing a staff
directory.
◼ Notifies users of complaint status updates after resolution.
Digital Wallets and Apps in Telangana
T-Wallet
◼ Overview: T-Wallet is Telangana's official digital wallet, promoting cashless transactions post-
demonetization.
◼ Accessibility: Available via mobile app, browser, MeeSeva centers, and USSD service, accommodating
users with or without smartphones.
Features:
◼ UID-based authentication for secure transactions.
◼ Integration with government departments for fund transfers via IMPS.
◼ Supports multiple languages (English, Telugu, Urdu).
◼ Two-factor authentication ensures transaction security.

RTA m-Wallet
◼ Overview: Developed by the Telangana Transport Department, the RTA m-Wallet app digitizes essential
vehicle documents.
Features:
◼ Stores digital copies of Driving License (DL), Registration Certificate (RC), and Insurance documents.
◼ Instant access on personal smartphones, promoting a paperless approach.
My GHMC App
◼ Overview: A citizen-centric app by the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) to streamline
interactions with residents.
Key Functions:
◼ Property Tax Management, Trade License Fee Payment, Grievance Redressal.
◼ Downloading Birth and Death Certificates, tracking application statuses for various services.
◼ Real-time updates on water supply, traffic diversions, and other civic announcements.
Telangana Diagnostics App

◼ Overview: A resident-friendly initiative by the Department of Health & Family Welfare that provides
access to free diagnostic services.
Key Features:
◼ Locate nearby diagnostic centers.
◼ Access information on available lab tests.
◼ Register for free tests using phone and Aadhar details.
◼ Securely download and view lab test reports.
Smart Mobility Governance
Intelligent-Ticket Issue Machine (i-TIMS)

◼ Overview: An Android-based ticketing system for TGSRTC buses to streamline ticket purchasing.
Features:
◼ Multiple payment options (cash, cards, UPI).
◼ Integrated with the Online Passenger Reservation System for real-time updates.
TGSRTC Bus Booking App

◼ Overview: Facilitates secure ticket booking for TGSRTC services, covering various districts and select
locations.
Gamyam App
◼ Overview: Tracks bus schedules and locations for special and district services in Hyderabad.
◼ Functions: Provides bus stand info, estimated arrival times, and route tracking.
T-Savaari App
◼ Overview: A comprehensive app for urban travel in Hyderabad, offering real-time info and multimodal
journey planning.
◼ Developed by L&T Metro Rail (Hyderabad) Ltd
Hyderabad Metro Tickets via WhatsApp

◼ Overview: Allows digital payment for metro tickets via WhatsApp, enabling 100% digital transactions.
Anywhere-Anytime RTA Services

◼ Overview: m-governance project providing access to 18 essential RTA services online.

Bus On Contract (BOC)
◼ Overview: Online booking for entire buses for events like weddings or picnics, with payment and
inventory display.
Law & Order and Public Safety
Telangana Anti Narcotics Bureau

◼ The Telangana Anti Narcotics Bureau (TGANB) is the primary agency for enforcing drug laws and
combating narcotics trafficking in the state.
◼ Operating under India’s Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), TGANB investigates and arrests individuals
involved in the illegal drug trade.
In Hyderabad, two specialized squads have been established:
◼ Hyderabad Narcotics Enforcement Wing (HNEW), which targets organized drug trafficking, and
◼ Narcotics Investigation Supervision Wing (NISW), which assists in investigations to secure convictions.
◼ Vulnerable districts identified for drug issues include Khammam, Rangareddy, and Hyderabad, among
others.
◼ Plans are underway to establish one rehabilitation and one de-addiction center in each vulnerable
district.
Hawk Eye App

◼ Overview: Enables citizens to report crimes and suspicious activities directly to the police.
Features:
◼ Attach multimedia evidence.
◼ Integrated SOS button for emergencies.
◼ Provides contact details for police departments to enhance community engagement.
Telangana Cyber Security Bureau (TGCSB)

◼ Overview: Telangana is actively enhancing its efforts to combat cybercrime through the TGCSB, which
serves as the central hub for cybercrime prevention and response.
◼ Helpline: A national helpline (1930 Call Centre) to handle complaints regarding cybercrimes.
◼ Coordination: Acts as the nodal agency for the Joint Cybercrime Coordination Team (JCCT) covering
multiple states, including Karnataka and Maharashtra.
◼ Cyber Crime Police Stations: Seven dedicated CCPS established under six police commissionerates to
tackle the increasing cybercrime rate.
◼ Auxiliary Units: 21 Cyber Crime Coordination Cells across districts, enhancing local response capabilities.
◼ Equipment Procurement: The DGP’s office has acquired various vehicles to support cybercrime
operations.
◼ Victim Support: In collaboration with the State Legal Services Authority, the refund process for
cybercrime victims was streamlined, with Rs. 32 crores refunded to over 5,000 victims since March 2024.
Cyber Congress Project (CybHER)

◼ Initiative: “CybHER-III” training program by the SHE Team.
◼ Objective: Raise awareness among school-aged children in Telangana about online risks and promote
safe internet and mobile use.
◼ Participants: Involves four students and two instructors from each school.
◼ Coverage: Implemented across all 33 districts of Telangana.
◼ Scope: Targeting 50 schools in each district.

Cyber Ambassador Platform (CAP)
◼ The Women’s Safety Wing, with the Education Department, conducted online Cyber Awareness Sessions
for students and teachers across 2,381 schools in Telangana, supported by Cyber Experts.
Girl’s Safety Clubs

◼ Standard Operating Procedures have been established to create Safety Clubs in educational institutions,
facilitated by an inter-departmental conference.
Cyber Lab
◼ A Cyber Lab has been established in Hyderabad's Women Safety Wing to address cybercrime incidents
against women and children, focusing on advocacy, capacity building, and investigative support.
Anti-Human Trafficking Unit (AHTU)

◼ The Anti-Human Trafficking Units in Telangana have been strengthened and expanded, effectively
operating to combat human trafficking and rescue victims.
Pride Place Cell

◼ Overview: Launched under the Women Safety Wing, this initiative focuses on protecting and promoting
the rights of transgender and LGBTQIA+ individuals.
Key Features:
◼ Inclusivity: A dedicated project coordinator from the transgender community to ensure effective
engagement and support.
◼ Community Collaboration: Works with local groups to foster an inclusive environment and prevent
crimes against marginalized communities.
◼ Training and Awareness: Conducts workshops for law enforcement on the Transgender Protection Act
and community rights.
Sakhi (One-Stop Centres)

◼ Overview: These centres provide comprehensive support for women affected by violence in various
settings, including homes and workplaces.
Services Offered:
◼ Integrated Care: 24/7 access to medical assistance, psycho-social counseling, legal aid, and emergency
shelters for up to five days.
◼ Support Environment: Aims to create a safe and supportive environment for women in distress.
BHAROSA Module
◼ Overview: A dedicated support facility for women and children facing abuse, regardless of their
background.
Services Provided:
◼ Comprehensive Support: Offers psychiatric, legal, medical, police, and prosecution assistance all in one
location.
◼ Inclusivity: Services are available without discrimination based on age, class, caste, or any other status.
Disaster Risk Management

◼ Overview: The Department of Disaster Management in Telangana focuses on ensuring public safety
through effective fire prevention and emergency response measures.
Key Responsibilities:
◼ Fire Safety: Enforcing the Telangana Fire Service Act of 1999, promoting public awareness of fire safety,
and conducting firefighting and rescue operations.

◼ Emergency Response: Participating in search and rescue operations for disasters like floods, building
collapses, and accidents involving hazardous materials.
NRI Cell
◼ The NRI Cell of Telangana’s Women Safety Wing addresses cases involving NRI spouses or relatives,
providing investigation advice, legal assistance, and extradition collaboration.
Prisoners’ Welfare
Overview: Telangana prioritizes the welfare and rehabilitation of prisoners, ensuring their rights are
protected while providing opportunities for reform.
Key Initiatives:
UNNATI Programme: A cognitive behavioral treatment program aimed at reducing recidivism, with
12,000 inmates participating to date.
Education: Approximately 10,000 illiterate convicts receive primary education annually, with facilities
established for further learning, including computer training.
Interest-Free Loans: Convicted prisoners can access loans from their salaries for significant life events
like marriages and education for their children.
Health and Hygiene: Prisons are equipped with hospitals and ambulance services, contributing to the
lowest inmate death rate in the country.
Vocational Training: Collaborating with various organizations to offer training in trades like welding,
plumbing, and carpentry, aimed at rehabilitation and skill development.
Prison Industries: Telangana has active prison industries producing a range of goods, including steel,
modular furniture, soap, and tailoring services. Notably, 29 fuel outlets are operational, featuring
participation from major companies like IOCL, HPCL, and BPCL. A pioneering female-operated fuel shop
at the Special Prison for Women in Hyderabad stands out as the first of its kind in India.
Other Initiatives
Telangana Technology Services Limited (TGTSL): TGTSL serves as the nodal agency for eGovernance,
aiding government departments with IT procurement, digital certificate distribution, Aadhaar
authentication, and security assessments of applications.
Chairperson Appointments: On March 14, 2024, chairpersons were appointed for 37 state-run enterprises
and corporations, enhancing governance structures.
Kodangal Area Development Authority (KADA): Established to promote comprehensive development in
the Kodangal Assembly Constituency, KADA focuses on infrastructure, economic growth, and social
welfare. A Master Plan is being developed, with a budget of Rs. 200 crore allocated for the fiscal year
2024-25 to facilitate various developmental projects, demonstrating the government's commitment to
regional prosperity.

Important terms
WHAT IS GROSS STATE DOMESTIC PRODUCT AND WHY
DOES IT MATTER?
• GSDP/GDP is the value of all the final goods (e.g. cars, food, furniture) and services (e.g. services
provided by barbers, taxi drivers, waiters) produced within the state’s boundaries in a specific time period
(usually a year).
• It is a comprehensive scorecard of a state’s economic health, and can be used to estimate the size of
the economy, and its growth rate.
• GSDP/GDP helps policymakers, investors, and businesses make decisions by understanding an
economy’s health.
• When GDP is growing, workers and businesses are generally better off than when it is not.
• When GDP is shrinking, employment often declines.
• The tax collections of a state are strongly linked with its GSDP.
There are two measures of GSDP:

• GSDP at current prices, or nominal GSDP is calculated for prices prevailing in that particular time period.
Changes in nominal GSDP therefore occur on account of changes in both prices as well as
quantity of final goods and services.
• GSDP at constant prices or real GSDP eliminates the contribution of inflation to the nominal GSDP
growth by using prices of a selected base year for calculations. Changes in real GSDP therefore reflect
changes in actual output produced, since it adjusts for the effects of inflation.
SECTORS CONTRIBUTING TO GSDP

For any economy, economic activities, GSDP, and labour-force engagement can be divided into 3 major
sectors, which are further divided into sub-sectors for the purpose of GSDP calculation:
(i) Primary (Agriculture) – 5 sub-sectors
(ii) Secondary(Industry) – 3 sub-sectors
(iii) Tertiary(Services) – 6 sub-sectors
WHAT IS GSVA?
• GSVA, short for Gross State Value Added, is defined as the rupee value of the goods and services
produced in a state, minus the cost of all inputs and raw materials directly attributable to that production.
• It is the output of the state less the intermediate consumption, which is the difference between gross
output and net output. • GSVA is an economic productivity metric that measures the contribution of a
corporate subsidiary, company, or municipality to an economy, producer, sector, or region.
HOW ARE GSVA AND GSDP LINKED?

• Gross State Value Added (GSVA) is a very important measure, which is used for calculation of the Gross
State Domestic Product (GSDP).
• GSVA measures the contribution made by an individual producer, industry or sector to the GSDP, and
is considered to be a better measure of the economic welfare of the population, because it includes all
primary incomes.
• GSVA is related to GSDP through taxes and subsidies on products.
• It adds back subsidies that governments grant to certain sectors of the economy and subtracts taxes
imposed on others, i.e.
GSVA = GSDP + Subsidies on products – Taxes on products

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TSPSC Master - Srinivas M 1

Telangana Socio-Economic Outlook Gist 2024

Wishing you all the best in your preparations!

TSPSC Master - Srinivas M 2

Sectoral Contribution to Telangana's Economy

Key Highlights (2023-24 Estimates):

Per-Capita Income and Debt in Telangana

1.1 Macroeconomic Trends

India’s Economic Growth:

Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Telangana

Current Economic Status:

SDP at Current Prices for Telangana

Ranking Among States:

Per Capita Income

Trends from 2021-22 to 2023-24:

District level indicators

TSPSC Master - Srinivas M 6

Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR)

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Worker Population Ratio (WPR) in Telangana

Rural vs. Urban WPR:

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Unemployment Rate (UR)

• Urban: Telangana's male UR is 2.4 points higher than India.

• Urban: Telangana's female UR is 1.9 points higher than India.

Employment in Major Sectors of Telangana's Economy

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Percentage Point Increases:

Debt Servicing Impact:

Development of Weaker Sections

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Financial Overview (2024-25)

Revenue Composition (2024-25)

Telangana Government Budget 2024-25 Summary

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Loans and Borrowings for 2024-25 (BE) Summary

Revenue Comparison (2020-21 vs. 2021-22):

Revenue Receipts to GSDP for Telangana (2021-22)

TSPSC Master - Srinivas M 12

Stamps and Registration Fees:

Motor Vehicle Tax:

Expenditure Composition for Telangana

Total Expenditure Growth:

Development Expenditure as a Percentage of Net Expenditure (2021-22)

Comparison with Other States:

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Key Trends (2020-21 to 2021-22):

Total Committed Expenditure:

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Revenue Deficit and Debt

Comparison of 2021-22 with 2020-21

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Fiscal Deficit Comparison (2021-22)

Debt Sustainability Outstanding Liability

Key Metric: Debt-to-GSDP Ratio

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Guaranteed but Not Serviced:

Independently Serviced Loans:

Total Debt Overview

High Interest Burden from Government Guarantees