THE CONDUCTION OF SOIL

BEARING CAPACITY TEST FOR WSS

SHOUL SARSUNA UNDER JKIDFC
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT

SUBMITTED TO:
CLIENT: EXECUTIVE ENGINEER, PHE
DIVISION, BIJBEHARA

SUBMITTED BY:

MOUNT GEO TECHNICAL SERVICES PVT LTD.

Regd Office: Wathoora, Batapora, Chadoora, Budgam, J&K-191113,
Corporate Office: NH-44, Opp. AM Hyundai, Near Gurdwara, Malik Market, Jammu-
180015
E-mail: mountgeotech@gmail.com, mgsiaw@yahoo.in
Tel: 0191-246776
 GEOTEHNICAL
THE CONDUCTION OF SOIL BEARING CAPACITY TEST FOR WSS SHOUL
INVESTIGATION
SARSUNA UNDER JKIDFC
REPORT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Description of Report .............................................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Organization of the Report...................................................................................................................... 3
FIELD INVESTIGATIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 4
2.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Boring ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.3 Standard Penetration Test (SPT) .............................................................................................................. 4
2.4 Undisturbed Soil Sampling (UDS) ............................................................................................................. 5
CHAPTER-III ............................................................................................................................................... 7
LABORATORY TESTING ......................................................................................................................................... 7
3.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.2 Grain Size Analysis .................................................................................................................................... 7
3.3 Atterberg Limit ......................................................................................................................................... 8
3.4 Unconfined Compressive Strength........................................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER-IV................................................................................................................................................ 9
DISCUSSIONS OF FIELD & LABORATORY TEST RESULTS ...................................................................................... 9
4.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.2 Borehole Information ................................................................................................................................ 9
4.3 Ground Water Table (GWT) ...................................................................................................................... 9
4.4 Subsoil Stratification ................................................................................................................................. 9
4.5 Calculated Bearing Capacities ................................................................................................................... 9
4.6 Conclusions............................................................................................................................................. 10

List of Annexures:
• Annexure A- Detailed Laboratory Test Results
• Annexure B- Bearing Capacity Calculation

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 GEOTEHNICAL
THE CONDUCTION OF SOIL BEARING CAPACITY TEST FOR WSS SHOUL
INVESTIGATION
SARSUNA UNDER JKIDFC
REPORT

CHAPTER-I

INTRODUCTION
1.1 General

Executive Engineer PHE Division, Bijbehara has awarded a contract to M/s Mount Geotechnical
Services Pvt. Ltd. for carrying out Geotechnical Investigation Works for the project named as “The
Conduction of Soil Bearing Capacity Test for WSS Shoul Sarsuna Under JKIDFC.”

This Geotechnical Investigation Report has been prepared for the Design and Construction of
various structures underlying in the project vicinity for one (1) number of boreholes.

Geological review of the area has been done through various available literatures which shows
availability of Silty CLAY (CL-CI), Silty SAND (SM) intermixed with Gravels & Boulders along with
competent jointed Basalt, Granite & Sandstone as bed rock at deeper depth. Boring has been done at site
and total one (1) nos. of boreholes information has been presented in this report subsequently.

1.2 Description of Report

This report consists of the following field and laboratory tests followed by preparation of interpretative
soil investigation report giving recommendation regarding design of foundation system:

• Drilling boreholes up to minimum 10.0m- 1 Nos.

• Conducting Standard Penetration Test (SPT)
• Collecting Disturbed/Undisturbed Samples (DS/UDS)
• Coring in Rock (if encountered)
• Conducting following laboratory test results on collected samples:
➢ Grain Size Analysis through Sieve/Hydrometer Test
➢ Atterberg Limit Test
➢ Bulk Density, Dry Density & Moisture Content
➢ Direct Shear Test
➢ Unconfined Compression Test

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 GEOTEHNICAL
THE CONDUCTION OF SOIL BEARING CAPACITY TEST FOR WSS SHOUL
INVESTIGATION
SARSUNA UNDER JKIDFC
REPORT

1.3 Organization of the Report

This report is presented in one volume containing the findings of field and laboratory tests followed by
interpretations and recommendations regarding type of foundation along with following two (2)
Annexures:

Annexure-A: Borehole Logs with Laboratory Test Results

Annexure-B: Bearing Capacity Calculation

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 GEOTEHNICAL
THE CONDUCTION OF SOIL BEARING CAPACITY TEST FOR WSS SHOUL
INVESTIGATION
SARSUNA UNDER JKIDFC
REPORT

CHAPTER-II

FIELD INVESTIGATIONS
2.1 General

Investigation was required to be carried out on the above-mentioned project to know about the subsoil
stratification and their properties for the further design of foundation system. The field investigation
mentioned in this report consisted of one (1) borehole along with collection of undisturbed and disturbed
samples (wherever possible) and conducting SPT/ Rock Coring.

2.2 Boring

Boreholes of 150 mm diameter were sunk with the help of auger and cable operated shell using engine
driven mechanical winch as per IS 1892-1979. Here the auger is turned in the bottom of the hole through
auger pipes. Due to this the soil cuttings are held in the auger and are drawn to the surface by pulling the
auger out of the hole each time the auger is filled. In continuation to auger boring shell is used which is a
127mm diameter steel cylinder with a cutting edge at the bottom and is fitted with a hinged one-way flap
valve at the bottom. The bore hole is advanced by raising the shell up to a height and allowing it to fall
and this is repeated several times till sufficient amount of soil enters the shell. When the shell gets nearly
filled with soil, it is lifted out of the bore hole and emptied.

Seamless flush jointed steel casing of Sx (150mm) size is used to prevent any caving and water loss from
bore holes and those are inserted simultaneously with the advancement of boring operation.

2.3 Standard Penetration Test (SPT)

SPT were conducted inside the boreholes at 1.5m intervals as per IS 2131-1981 “Method of standard
penetration tests for soils”. The split spoon sampler used is of standard design and dimension. The spoon
is advanced by driving with a drop hammer weighing 63.5 kg falling freely through a height of 75 cm. A
record of the number of blows required to penetrate every 15 cm to a depth of 45 cm is kept. The number
of blows required for the last 30 cm penetration of the split spoon sampler is recorded as ‘N’-value. On
completion of the test, the sampler is lifted to the ground, opened and the specimen of the soil sample is
stored in double polythene bags with the proper identification mark. The penetration number, ‘N’ has been
shown against the corresponding depths in borehole logs.

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 GEOTEHNICAL
THE CONDUCTION OF SOIL BEARING CAPACITY TEST FOR WSS SHOUL
INVESTIGATION
SARSUNA UNDER JKIDFC
REPORT

2.4 Undisturbed Soil Sampling (UDS)

Undisturbed sampling was done in accordance with IS: 2132 1986. Undisturbed soil samples (UDS)
was obtained at every 3.0 m interval as per approved methodology and sampling schedule.

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 GEOTEHNICAL
THE CONDUCTION OF SOIL BEARING CAPACITY TEST FOR WSS SHOUL
INVESTIGATION
SARSUNA UNDER JKIDFC
REPORT

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 GEOTEHNICAL
THE CONDUCTION OF SOIL BEARING CAPACITY TEST FOR WSS SHOUL
INVESTIGATION
SARSUNA UNDER JKIDFC
REPORT

CHAPTER-III

LABORATORY TESTING
3.1 General

The following laboratory tests were carried out on disturbed soil samples and rock samples for
identification and classification purposes and to obtain other relevant design parameters.

• Grain Size Analysis

• Atterberg Limit Test

• Bulk Density, Dry Density & Moisture Content

• Direct Shear Test

• Unconfined Compression Test

The testing was performed in our NABL Accredited Laboratory as per relevant BIS codes in accordance
with the terms of accreditation. Brief methodology of the tests performed is given below:

3.2 Grain Size Analysis

The grain size analysis has been carried out utilizing both sieve and hydrometer analysis.

The sieve analysis was carried out by wet sieving method in which the material was first washed through
a 4.75 mm test sieve nested in a 75 µm test sieve. The soils retained in the sieves were then dried in an
oven. The dried soils were then sieved by dry sieving by passing the soils through a series of square mesh
sieves, which become progressively finer down to 75 µm mesh. Each fraction thus collected was then
weighed and the percentage retained on each sieve was calculated by dividing individual weights by the
total sample weight.

The soils passing through 75 µm mesh was analysed by sedimentation using hydrometer method. The
hydrometer method involves measuring the rate of settlement of fine particles suspended in a solution.
Utilizing the principle of Stokes’ law, particle size can be directly related to its rate of settlement in a fluid
such as water. From this process, the particle diameter and percentage finer are calculated.

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 GEOTEHNICAL
THE CONDUCTION OF SOIL BEARING CAPACITY TEST FOR WSS SHOUL
INVESTIGATION
SARSUNA UNDER JKIDFC
REPORT

3.3 Atterberg Limit

The liquid limit of a specimen is derived using the cone penetration method. The plastic limit is defined
as the moisture content of a specimen at the point where it can be satisfactorily rolled into a 3mm diameter
thread without cracking. The soil plasticity index is then derived by subtracting the plastic limit from the
liquid limit.

3.4 Unconfined Compressive Strength

The Unconfined Compression Test is a laboratory test used to derive the Unconfirmed Compressive
Strength (UCS) of a soil specimen. Unconfirmed Compressive Strength (UCS) stands for the maximum
axial compressive stress that a specimen can bear under zero confining stress. Since stress is applied along
the longitudinal axis, the Unconfined Compression Test is also known as Uniaxial Compression Test. UCS
is a parameter widely used in geotechnical design, but may not represent the strength in-situ.

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 GEOTEHNICAL
THE CONDUCTION OF SOIL BEARING CAPACITY TEST FOR WSS SHOUL
INVESTIGATION
SARSUNA UNDER JKIDFC
REPORT

CHAPTER-IV

DISCUSSIONS OF FIELD & LABORATORY TEST RESULTS

4.1 General

Based on the findings of field and laboratory test results, borehole logs along with detailed summary sheet
incorporating all field and laboratory test results are presented in Annexure-A of this report.

4.2 Borehole Information

As may be noted from the bore logs, the subsoil at the boreholes mainly comprises of Silty CLAY (CL-
CI) up to termination depth of borehole. Abstract Borehole Information are shown below in tabular form.

Termination Ground Water Table

S. No Borehole
Depth (m) Depth-GWT (m)

1 Sarsuna- BH-1 10.00 1.50

4.3 Ground Water Table (GWT)

The Ground Water Table was encountered at 1.50m depth below Ground Level (GL) at the boreholes
during the field works commenced at site in the month of March 2024.

4.4 Subsoil Stratification

As may be noted from the bore logs, the subsoil at most of the boreholes mainly comprises of Silty CLAY
(CL-CI) up to termination depth of borehole. Detailed laboratory test results are enclosed with this report
as Annexure-A.

Based on the above information and engineering judgement bearing capacity calculation has been
computed as per IS 6403-1981 and IS 8009- Part I- 1976 and has been presented in this report as Annexure-
B. Detailed capacities with respect to depth and footing size can be referred from the respective Annexures
stated above.

4.5 Calculated Bearing Capacities

S. No Borehole

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 GEOTEHNICAL
THE CONDUCTION OF SOIL BEARING CAPACITY TEST FOR WSS SHOUL
INVESTIGATION
SARSUNA UNDER JKIDFC
REPORT

Footing Safe Safe Bearing Capacity Recommended

Size Depth Bearing corresponding to Bearing
(BxL)- (m) Capacity settlement (T/m2) Capacity
(m) (T/m2) 40mm 50mm (T/m2)
1 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
2 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
Sarsuna-
3 2X2 3.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
BH-1
4 4.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
5 5.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 5.00

4.6 Conclusions
➢ In general, the subsoils (in most of the boreholes) mainly comprise of Silty CLAY (CL-CI) up to
termination depth of boreholes. Detailed subsoil stratification location wise can be referred from
borehole logs which is enclosed with this report as Annexure-A
➢ SPT, N value has been observed as 4-9 in the boreholes. Cohesion values in plastic strata ranges from
7.5-21.0 kPa.
➢ The ground water table was encountered at 1.50m depth below Ground Level in the boreholes during
the field works commenced on site in the month of March 2024.
➢ Based on the loading condition and type of structure with respect to the same, recommendations
regarding type of foundation system to be adopted should be decided by Structural Engineer in
consultation with Engineer-in-Charge.

For Mount Geotechnical Services Pvt. Ltd.

P a g e | 10
 ANNEXURE A
DETAILED LABORATORY TEST
RESULTS
 LABORATORY DIVISION-MOUNT GEO TECHNICAL SERVICES PVT LTD
TEST RESULTS DATA SHEET OF BH 01 SARSUNA
Recorded N-Value Shear Strength
Angle Of
Unconfined
Cohesion internal

Gravel (%)
Water Shear Test Bulk Dry Moisture Compressive

Sand (%)

Clay (%)
2 friction ɸ
Strength C (kg/cm )

Silt (%)
Date of Date of Depth Sample Table Conducted Liquid Plastic Plasticity Density Density Content Specific
N-Value Description of soil ( 0)
Sampling Testing (m) Type (m) N1 N2 N3 In Lab Limit (%) Limit (%) Index (%) (g/cm3) (g/cm3) (%) Gravity G (kg/cm2)
1.50 SPT 1 1 3 4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
20-03-2024 to 20-03-2024

22-03-2024 to 29-03-2024

3.00 UDS -- -- -- -- UCS 0.00 10.00 90.00 30.19 22.10 8.09 1.55 1.28 21.5 2.65 0.15 -- --

4.50 SPT 4 4 5 9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

6.00 UDS 1.50 -- -- -- -- Brown Clayey Silt UCS 0.00 12.29 87.71 33.10 24.48 8.62 -- -- -- -- -- --
0.42
7.50 SPT 2 3 3 6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

9.00 UDS -- -- -- -- 0.00 10.40 89.60 35.89 24.87 11.02 -- -- -- -- -- --

--
10.50 UDS -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
 ANNEXURE B
BEARING CAPACITY
CALCULATIONS
 Calculation for Bearing capacity-BH-1

Footing Width: 2.00 m

Footing Length: 2.00 m
Depth : 1.00 m

GL Design GWT 2.00

Silty Clay
1.00 m

Layer - I Silty CLAY Z1

Nav= 4
f av= 0 degree
cav= 7 kPa
g'= 5.5 kN/m3
5.00 m g= 15.5 kN/m3
.

Safe Bearing Capacity from Shear Failure

Parameter Local Shear failure General Shear failure
φ= 0 0
Design φ= 0.0 0

For Layer - I
Shear Failure Considered General

Q(safe)= (cNcscdcic+(γ*D)(Nq-1)sqdqiq+0.5BγNγsγdγiγW
FOS
where, FOS= 2.5 w= 0.5

Nc= 5.14 Nq= 1 Nγ= 0.00 General shear failure

Nc= #N/A Nq= #N/A Nγ= #N/A Local shear failure
Nc= #N/A Nq= #N/A Nγ= #N/A Intermediate condition
Sc= 1.300 Sq= 1.200 Sg= 0.80
dc= 1+0.2*(D/B)*tan(45+φ/2)= 1.10
dq=dg= 1+0.1*(D/B)*tan(45+φ/2) 1.05
ic=iq= (1-α/90)^2= 1.00 ig= (1-α/φ)^2= 1.00 a=0
Qsafe-I= 20.6 kPa

Design Bearing Capacity= 20.0 kPa

Settlement Calculation

Settlement for Layer - I

δ (mm) = mv*H*Δp*mg*df*Rigidity Factor (0.8) for clay
mv= 0.000384615 mg= 0.7

1st layer I = 0.34

Rigidity factor= 0.8 Depth Factor, df= 0.72

δ1 (mm)= 4.22

Total settlement = 4.22 mm

Allowable bearing capacity for 50 mm settlement = 20.0 kPa
Allowable Bearing capacity for 40mm settlement= 20.0 KPa
Allowable Bearing capacity for 50mm settlement= 20.0 KPa
 Calculation for Bearing capacity-BH-1

Footing Width: 2.00 m

Footing Length: 2.00 m
Depth : 2.00 m

GL Design GWT 2.00

Silty Clay
2.00 m

Layer - I Silty CLAY Z1

Nav= 4
f av= 0 degree
cav= 7 kPa
g'= 5.5 kN/m3
6.00 m g= 15.5 kN/m3
.

Safe Bearing Capacity from Shear Failure

Parameter Local Shear failure General Shear failure
φ= 0 0
Design φ= 0.0 0

For Layer - I
Shear Failure Considered General

Q(safe)= (cNcscdcic+(γ*D)(Nq-1)sqdqiq+0.5BγNγsγdγiγW
FOS
where, FOS= 2.5 w= 0.5

Nc= 5.14 Nq= 1 Nγ= 0.00 General shear failure

Nc= #N/A Nq= #N/A Nγ= #N/A Local shear failure
Nc= #N/A Nq= #N/A Nγ= #N/A Intermediate condition
Sc= 1.300 Sq= 1.200 Sg= 0.80
dc= 1+0.2*(D/B)*tan(45+φ/2)= 1.20
dq=dg= 1+0.1*(D/B)*tan(45+φ/2) 1.10
ic=iq= (1-α/90)^2= 1.00 ig= (1-α/φ)^2= 1.00 a=0
Qsafe-I= 22.5 kPa

Design Bearing Capacity= 20.0 kPa

Settlement Calculation

Settlement for Layer - I

δ (mm) = mv*H*Δp*mg*df*Rigidity Factor (0.8) for clay
mv= 0.000384615 mg= 0.7

1st layer I = 0.34

Rigidity factor= 0.8 Depth Factor, df= 0.72

δ1 (mm)= 4.22

Total settlement = 4.22 mm

Allowable bearing capacity for 50 mm settlement = 20.0 kPa
Allowable Bearing capacity for 40mm settlement= 20.0 KPa
Allowable Bearing capacity for 50mm settlement= 20.0 KPa
 Calculation for Bearing capacity-BH-1

Footing Width: 2.00 m

Footing Length: 2.00 m
Depth : 3.00 m

GL Design GWT 2.00

Silty Clay
3.00 m

Layer - I Silty CLAY Z1

Nav= 7
f av= 0 degree
cav= 15 kPa
g'= 6 kN/m3
7.00 m g= 16 kN/m3
.

Safe Bearing Capacity from Shear Failure

Parameter Local Shear failure General Shear failure
φ= 0 0
Design φ= 0.0 0

For Layer - I
Shear Failure Considered General

Q(safe)= (cNcscdcic+(γ*D)(Nq-1)sqdqiq+0.5BγNγsγdγiγW
FOS
where, FOS= 2.5 w= 0.5

Nc= 5.14 Nq= 1 Nγ= 0.00 General shear failure

Nc= #N/A Nq= #N/A Nγ= #N/A Local shear failure
Nc= #N/A Nq= #N/A Nγ= #N/A Intermediate condition
Sc= 1.300 Sq= 1.200 Sg= 0.80
dc= 1+0.2*(D/B)*tan(45+φ/2)= 1.30
dq=dg= 1+0.1*(D/B)*tan(45+φ/2) 1.15
ic=iq= (1-α/90)^2= 1.00 ig= (1-α/φ)^2= 1.00 a=0
Qsafe-I= 52.1 kPa

Design Bearing Capacity= 50.0 kPa

Settlement Calculation

Settlement for Layer - I

δ (mm) = mv*H*Δp*mg*df*Rigidity Factor (0.8) for clay
mv= 0.00021978 mg= 0.7

1st layer I = 0.34

Rigidity factor= 0.8 Depth Factor, df= 0.72

δ1 (mm)= 6.03

Total settlement = 6.03 mm

Allowable bearing capacity for 50 mm settlement = 50.0 kPa
Allowable Bearing capacity for 40mm settlement= 50.0 KPa
Allowable Bearing capacity for 50mm settlement= 50.0 KPa
 Calculation for Bearing capacity-BH-1

Footing Width: 2.00 m

Footing Length: 2.00 m
Depth : 4.00 m

GL Design GWT 2.00

Silty Clay
4.00 m

Layer - I Silty CLAY Z1

Nav= 7
f av= 0 degree
cav= 15 kPa
g'= 6 kN/m3
8.00 m g= 16 kN/m3
.

Safe Bearing Capacity from Shear Failure

Parameter Local Shear failure General Shear failure
φ= 0 0
Design φ= 0.0 0

For Layer - I
Shear Failure Considered General

Q(safe)= (cNcscdcic+(γ*D)(Nq-1)sqdqiq+0.5BγNγsγdγiγW
FOS
where, FOS= 2.5 w= 0.5

Nc= 5.14 Nq= 1 Nγ= 0.00 General shear failure

Nc= #N/A Nq= #N/A Nγ= #N/A Local shear failure
Nc= #N/A Nq= #N/A Nγ= #N/A Intermediate condition
Sc= 1.300 Sq= 1.200 Sg= 0.80
dc= 1+0.2*(D/B)*tan(45+φ/2)= 1.40
dq=dg= 1+0.1*(D/B)*tan(45+φ/2) 1.20
ic=iq= (1-α/90)^2= 1.00 ig= (1-α/φ)^2= 1.00 a=0
Qsafe-I= 56.1 kPa

Design Bearing Capacity= 50.0 kPa

Settlement Calculation

Settlement for Layer - I

δ (mm) = mv*H*Δp*mg*df*Rigidity Factor (0.8) for clay
mv= 0.00021978 mg= 0.7

1st layer I = 0.34

Rigidity factor= 0.8 Depth Factor, df= 0.72

δ1 (mm)= 6.03

Total settlement = 6.03 mm

Allowable bearing capacity for 50 mm settlement = 50.0 kPa
Allowable Bearing capacity for 40mm settlement= 50.0 KPa
Allowable Bearing capacity for 50mm settlement= 50.0 KPa
 Calculation for Bearing capacity-BH-1

Footing Width: 2.00 m

Footing Length: 2.00 m
Depth : 5.00 m

GL Design GWT 2.00

Silty Clay
5.00 m

Layer - I Silty CLAY Z1

Nav= 9
f av= 0 degree
cav= 20 kPa
g'= 6 kN/m3
9.00 m g= 16 kN/m3
.

Safe Bearing Capacity from Shear Failure

Parameter Local Shear failure General Shear failure
φ= 0 0
Design φ= 0.0 0

For Layer - I
Shear Failure Considered General

Q(safe)= (cNcscdcic+(γ*D)(Nq-1)sqdqiq+0.5BγNγsγdγiγW
FOS
where, FOS= 2.5 w= 0.5

Nc= 5.14 Nq= 1 Nγ= 0.00 General shear failure

Nc= #N/A Nq= #N/A Nγ= #N/A Local shear failure
Nc= #N/A Nq= #N/A Nγ= #N/A Intermediate condition
Sc= 1.300 Sq= 1.200 Sg= 0.80
dc= 1+0.2*(D/B)*tan(45+φ/2)= 1.50
dq=dg= 1+0.1*(D/B)*tan(45+φ/2) 1.25
ic=iq= (1-α/90)^2= 1.00 ig= (1-α/φ)^2= 1.00 a=0
Qsafe-I= 80.2 kPa

Design Bearing Capacity= 80.0 kPa

Settlement Calculation

Settlement for Layer - I

δ (mm) = mv*H*Δp*mg*df*Rigidity Factor (0.8) for clay
mv= 0.00017094 mg= 0.7

1st layer I = 0.34

Rigidity factor= 0.8 Depth Factor, df= 0.72

δ1 (mm)= 7.50

Total settlement = 7.50 mm

Allowable bearing capacity for 50 mm settlement = 80.0 kPa
Allowable Bearing capacity for 40mm settlement= 80.0 KPa
Allowable Bearing capacity for 50mm settlement= 80.0 KPa