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    Calculus Guide Answer

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    Calculus Guide Answer

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    Calculus Guide Answer

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    202 4

    0urde Answens

    T:
    { /
    -l
    -r(

    Diffenential
    & lntegnal Calculus

    nd
    @,
    Sec By a group of supervlsors
    Pune Mathematics Guide Answens
    Diffenential & Integnal Calculus
    By a group of supervisors

    frort nd
    llt prlntins,
    illulBll ll0ot(sronE
    For publication
    & dlskibutl6h
    ElFassala - Cano - Egypt Sec
    Tel.: 02/ 259 34O 12 - 259 377 91
    e-marl: info@elmoasserbook.(om
    (!) 1 s014 www.etmoa,serbooks..om
    Answers of exercises
    Un it One:
    Differentiation and its
    applications

    N-
    ?
    -- :tc
    o
    @tr ,l5,1r=*"rb",{^ I +-- (|*=-a$s:!rrr!ry
    (rr9 *, \F I i6:s'*1.,1
    (6 ); =r inr r. os rx. r+,
    =6 srn 3 r.os 3 x +
    qxq
    1s: i. ran r
    xtu x

    ll);= sc'] 5= 5c{ 5r r7)E=o''\+1'ruri-(cn


    r'6)!l= r r-sc/l' +rrord,+r l^,1,+,'
    4 ;,
    Q)*-!c1rbl7 x\1=7 *c1xbn7 x ' =-fr-zxcor".'x
    =+.*1,*rr.d,/,*r'] r4)-= ca*n)(.s'rr,r .or r a,2 (3)d:=rx sg lx+x'. ?\cc1x
    (3)dq= .*:*r1" + xkc3Xhi3rxl
    =+*j-'i I -r x'sor: x+o:!r*J I xb r x
    1)dlj=rc3 n+xse 3rtui 3 x!
    rsrlr= ,)t-*"2xcor2r.r sc2r.2a
    { 3
    (,r)dll=sc (5 r+ r) hn (5 r+ r) x 5 |9ldyrl,g}{(ifunR.\
    =5 $c (5lt + 2) 1an (5x+2)
    {,):l= 2 xco,3,+r'csJry x I
    (sld!+= *.(, 2rocd(r 2Joi( 2) r.or ra- r
    l xl cs:3 (+sr( i*x"tr, (L sr(sxtu11
    =2 3

    =2csc (r- 2x).or (1- 2 11 ,.r,q -".,,"",,"" r,-.*,*.,,,-,


    = -xbx*x6x -xhr**'xbr
    (6)r= sc(I'+nx2.x : se l rb.I rdi 2 X+ 2 *c.X *c') 2.X
    =-21c$l(x'?+3) (a)#- c* 2.I.or 2r.i 2 x s II (-". -,
    (7)e= saI(0+$.abix)
    r7r-: r+i c('r9 ,=r ,.{ rr +cs2I*c3xhn3I!3
    r3r-= ix I +\85)En5x.5 = 2c&2x.or2x$lI (,lldl=-sL'7 r" l4r+2.d?Y.i c{'7n 7
    +3cs2I*c3xun3x
    =-:-5,-5a,-5r ,s,!r-'r'.5,*,.,,'.5'.",*'-" = uxc*,1x,
    (,,*" *'(+"),,r=,,'*'(+,') to* =se x:u" x1, cxrm x1 {Irl d=r \d 2r.s2rr 2x.l. kn'rx
    *da,'-n'* .n * rr,,,*dr.hr +:er2 xx 3 En'?2xx ecr i x i
    oo)*= $G x{+rxr- llEn(3 x4+rxr- r) +re r2 Mrx'?x 2 x - -rr,/ -_. -_;, 2

    =2x$c x' rm]irr +2 1scr t: =6 seur 2arana2x+6scr z r tanl2 r


    -l-6lD*o,.0-ol.Dr*0J.1)*0rl)
    =4x(3x1+ l)s@ (3x1+2 rr - l) ir,!]=: r.- L*r,.* !"" L..l ,B,tr= ldr
    =::r"- L *" 1u" l
    b(3r1+2a1 Ol
    l)
    I I ):l= lsJ x, (-s.x.dro -- 4c&':rd x
    ,'a'9=g4l
    u,:i= *'(" +),+ r3);=r(5x+.{11+6x+4)(5 cq xm' 11
    (rs);= jr)+o'r r rr s.x)
    er:-r=-l*.l/I *iI *.l/x k^l/x . J= ( r):l= 7
    "of
    x, (-stx1=- 7 Nc'x&fx
    =+*'(. +) I
    O'
    'YX
    :YX
    ( 3)dll= 3 x? H 0:r+i).e (2x+r)h er+ i)x 2
    qc:, ==E-
    a, :t/r ' "*,q,-o
    (l2)H= rs:!t+4( +
    = 12se'?(2 x+n)h (2 r+n)
    florfu=, ror xcdx+ x'( sinnorl (1ro!:=z*"rr *:r1"( *"rr *:x1 dx :'il'*tuia r
    +xr.osx( cs:.ti)=2xcor rmr x
    (ro*=-sii 2 x,2- s (-.,J G xl, r) .ot1r+rr1),rx
    :r']sinxcorJ( xz.osr(cs'r
    =- 12i(c$?(1+3 xl (l x?) , ]i)'. rcr ax
    = 2sii2x+15c*:3)a cot + 3

    ood*=3$c?1btr,x,,+,( .s 3xcdre.3 ll {s)*=r-rG( "*:{i),-: El


    ..ay rr ,"'n ( (-cs1,
    =6sc2J1an2x 6csclxcot3x =,Gr*'{i*rE r)
    dli=2q +@rxl
    = 2cs,x(1,cor,
    1
    (r)*=ro , o,
    '1(
    ,( csJn) (4r-=l\!i \.r !\c n I!l.,.=; = ,/s-:.:
    .d l:^r^,..r^,..r =4.ul.ar(.*ra!'a
    =4$crr(3 2.or ir) = r5 -t r "".'I = r . r. r..l/r= alr
    ( !)*=-1.'.r+-,r '( c$idr+r s'r1) lx"
    'r.p. [#],=!=
    = ro
    L.H.s.-1[ ,,ala* t2 =arc = u s.
    .16r
    c$rkdrlcsrl =_:lqr= rr! usx
    G$!+orr: (Nr+cdn: El lnl
    (l)(d) (2lo) (3) (b) (4)(d) (5)(b) {=
    (3)(c) (e)(.) 00)(b)
    5 (5, * ll,5 = 25 (5, * l), ..
    fl*rzr""rr=o
    dl= 1 i-"*,2 r,
    (13)(d) (14) (r) (r5)(c) ^
    z =:l-.,u r lDl
    ( r IE is o ioiBcnt , MB r rdius
    c* rd,
    )
    = rO(*r1 (r3)G) (re)(b)
    (23) (!) (24) (.)
    1x,) (d)
    (25)(a) *.25 (5
    "+
    1)',+.r'2r! =- ro (5, * r)'c*'2 x .. AB-IMB ,.* o= +
    (s)*=*'Gdro{ N'r= *Jr"J (dn (23) (s) (29) (c) {r0) (c) ,,-+,*-.*+ ( 2 ) By din rcitiaring both iides vnh 6pecr to 0

    1r1o{= *.'1.*: 1
    mIj]l= ro.:"2,- ,z .
    i+='(-s"€ 6,6)
    '1" ""r,"1 Ol = rE,
    3,
    = 3sitr 3 rcs: (cos
    Ia
    (7):i=s(b'x) x h(#}.) i2brisr:! !r= aDl

    !e' I sa (mr }, rd (m':)O


    (r)(.) (r)lc) (3)(.)
    = 2 un x = N I (co( x+c$ I) = -N.i(iy
    (4)(c) (5)(d) 16)(.)
    )* s (hr) h (ui r, u'r
    (h
    (s
    =2
    'e
    ro
    6 ,,v} rnd .ioN10sohenumb..aO
    = 2ser rser (En ! ro (o xl
    lDl
    rqr*="*t*rr'i,r-." rx'"o:r',orc 'lr. rl .
    -l 9- , i* a.n,.a r.,
    fi ="r*r-""r0"' rsro:r+,e'xr
    orr
    "*' ".r,"..r
    = 6 acos Gsc I I:) xc$3 x: cor r a: = ltt .i= + =n(ur+hD"',sex(6x+w, xEe- {n rI whcre n€z}
    oo)*= "J c-a1.,* x:h x:", a (r) .' r(hr=sinr(DifleEnd{rewlrhesp.crroi
    E-J =n sc :l (sc r( + un rO" = n y *c1
    :. j rr."cJ r=o"r(
    = z ;r *. ;r: r"" x: -.r t*. x 1
    tra"
    !r ="* r. -- r"" r !-1-1n l0l . i(Eni1=!+.-"r,(
    Ol !-r =
    9r s-{ = r
    ",.^,. *.,,- r i=nh(n !axhx
    P a=4, rh* hr=
    "*r..,1.!= !.,.t..,r
    ^
    , r, !-t= =nGecri bni=Dybna
    1

    .
    n ,,1,, Il.
    rrrr=-Jl=lI\'=
    t;L rn=rr(.Gr'+*.r'unrr) lo.cl
    L,m /ih /(o)-ir0,
    (r)*=-rdcr+f Br6]i =3fi( r+ rx0)= 3r 1r=*',-. -r.,.r '.* r.* ',-'
    '
    n."r"*=t9l lDl
    = t-ox*on'x+o x= t *o: x ]:," f =i ror=*J ror = r
    =r
    1r= :L=-:L
    (3)*=3"*:x 2cscr( cscrd, d" 45 ,{5''
    'L
    *=*\tr^tt,1;
    =3"*:x+2*Jr"dr
    lDr
    y=("' l)'=(.*'ax- l)'=(..ia!' =srr hn rr"#
    -rr14,-tr< mtxt
    r1,. d.P. - [ji],=k =, d, d7 dr vr-,?
    (5)xr+yr 2r+ 3l=3
    Ditr cn.ior {irh BFd 6, Dificnrid. win Epcd b ,l :
    Difr.Mri& eirh Espei ro x :
    Dilfmnriare rh Esp€d bx:
    ... ](,j,x),"*r=", ,n r .. I' xn Y"nxq+Y' xn I"' =o ,.*"!:*.i,,=1r
    rx,.rt!J z.6"!1=o
    q,r l*6,,=r rI: !-t=-,"" \" = I1f - /xf =r! . !r,,-., r,= "",
    PuLsiox= i _,/
    .r(i)= "''i
    ,4n.....J
    ,/
    .?"= 6 ."=a DiffeGndae enh Esp.ct roJ. :

    ..nr."+iy"rd1i.!.=o
    (6) l,t (, b rh. d.8c m.mE (0) is thc am Difr€mie uilh Esp.d x
    '
    :(1,-3y)1=4 :, x-3y=!2 . !-L .4dl- /).f '
    ro l

    '
    , v=6li lv=do's=Ii L
    Dific@ri3& vjth cspet b x :
    ...2-,zy*=**tx*y t z,i"zn
    ''di- m -';t-ZT'd ..r-rq=0 ,.dx-f Ol .' dloo*2r-ro' 2x)= 2 y nn 2r
    . !-r= cr:e x -!L- ft,rx-!L . lY -2' 'i2 x
    DifrmnraE viln respe. ro x :
    Difr.Mi& uirh rcsr.4r ro x :
    ' rr: r;'1!r=o
    @E 3 -5y-5x*+1y'1*=4
    xx . d/ - :!l-:?r']--2,
    ,,dr- vi
    3y-, - 1xl - 1l'l
    DitrcEnriar sirh carer b

    . rlr="" l i ,,,,,
    r :

    !r..^., r r Y
    ad :l Pmihmonlmpllr[dmft alhn Gl s!*=a 3r'?+ 5 y ^ ^ "".

    f,ll ..6rr-By,=o ...jjd-4yr=o ...


    n1(t + sii ) sitr2 )i = 2 (G y cos 2 r
    'dy.4-1x,+5!
    DitrftntiaE wirh ftspE! ro :r . 4v ll!! v!g? r
    Diflecnlia€ wiln Bpecr ro r :
    ..ex'-tzy'*=o
    :. r.x sy*-o Di6.Enrid. wirh Esp€d bxl
    . !-L .r2l r /rr'
    ..
    "
    *r!a= roo+ roo4 tJiffdniiare wi6 Espdt b a :

    Difl.rcn.i.E trirh BFd b.x I

    .4r=l
    .,x-roor!r=roo-, . qL= lqjL tr"[i+{i=4 . -", *,, "",r4*!r-,"
    .4 xr+ r, vrlr=o Diff.Gnriare *irh Esper bx :
    +v( sinr=0
    (3) (-t- 3)1+ (r + 2)1= 25
    . r, +-r" li.l- " +, linr
    BFd
    Difl*ntiar. *ih rup.d b ,( : ..
    dl( x riny +(us 11 =-cos y
    Difl.cn.i.E
    +z)*=o
    2(r.-1) +2tr
    wirh 6x r
    .. x'^,
    "4+ ":, r!=o *-i-7; .d."d.x1y
    . dv -(x-r) 3 x
    .'dx-y-l.y-1 . r't
    - ,11-t () y +'[fr =2,1
    Ditr E iaE sirh tupecr ro Ja :
    Difiercitiat *irh aspdr ra l
    .. !r. L,lr!r.,1=r,
    :

    DifieEntirr *irh ftped b r l Difr@ntirb *in\ Ep..r to ,a : dx ,{ry L dx l .. rx'", *x'-,"!r-r" !r.;,
    1.1" !r ?.5q=n zxy *x'fl*zxy ft*y'=o . q*- Li-!. 1:=.r
    r
    '. dr rix, d, ,vu 1.." x=o
    +r*+G U<x1+xy g=-2xy -y1 ) io=ro! I 2 r lii
    d, -' :Irry
    er x'1-n=o :. ..
    d1r.x'Lr :,5in y
    BatSl
    . dy
    -i:)! lt _-2xy-y'-..tt4.!)
    ''. dr- x:+2,!x - x\x+2yJ
    *- ,;: lffi;
    I
    (2) ry' = 3 oift""nri pirh*.p.d ru r : rer-"{il=rx* r
    . 2.,,2x=..:r ,!l !a=19!i
    Difl.rnrde wirh rcsp.d ro x l "
    ....,-,, ..",..," {={..,, ..I -I(r l,r x!a) =
    o DificE iat with Esped ro,r:
    Iri,r+.+ =..,"
    . ."Jrr^ L4!=r
    ' ,rEl .'. bn0=0 .. m (z 6) =0'
    d^
    ' *4,-r*r-,, cor:o= cscy ycvrr
    dy 61ry
    Et
    .!l=s
    Dil,.Ediare wirh rcsp€cr ro r :
    Difieenriare *iln Especr ro r :
    Idr 4+ +)= "--4= '
    ..2 *J r r+, ..r',!l=,+r4
    4t 6fl ,r(,y#) rzl{*4= I uy -,r,+ryr,c , (,' 11
    .'.
    nllx+.{ )r = 2 t.'12 11 - Y , li 'dy, dI ],'
    +r(ry,dxrr)+l=o
    , dy ,*.'12,, y
    . a)ay*rri= llLt =lll=I
    (12)sinrx+2.osy + 1y=o -!a(
    DillcE hrcvirh rclp(d rD x: . q Jr6r1!!
    .'. 2 sin x.c:Y+2('*yr y *x j{=o !r =.&
    ury*
    ,,_!rir:,-yy= y I *, x .(*),,,,=, ay_ay ax tu.f
    "in;r

    (13) y*. r+ rii r+xry =o Difcronlidr v rh rusp&r io x : o


    DifieEdiar.*irh Ested ro x: : rr rdalr y+rynxh=o
    ..d]( I+ ) $.XotrX+sc_ X ..rr' r'!r zr' r r!=o ,,=+
    -:r,*r,!:=o ..fit x*zs=y tx
    .. jle 11=::r,-r,r'
    ..fli,-r-x,r=,,-r*, . q=r lI l{\ r-a.r*ar
    *; r 21y D -lJ rri, ,-:
    rsr:rf*y{i=o ..un6=+ :n(z€)=26"3,i

    .. \G) idq)+y'+y(+x i
    r:rf |=: ry-,r,,p,y.g ' r'e
    Dineftdift vnh EsPed ro x
    ,r- n
    '
    r.'-..,"4=n Diltcrciliar lnh rcsp.d ro x :

    u' x,!-r=r'!-i.r, dy
    -dy da t!' ar4
    Er
    .. :-l[)=-: }[ " *4o'*t vl =" t,,
    -!r{

    r
    ::fr . :)! ?l:11
    rsr:r=fiE
    DiffeE.rirt virh Espd ro
    d, ]1rnr
    ?, r,i! r,rr,4=o "- :rG
    .!r lrl{ ld-r r, t Differentiat *nn respecr ro r( :
    d, ,{ _fi
    . q-!!-!{- L- r .y= t-0n I I
    '' dx d' r, fiH #=-r*.'re :+=a(6so oso + o si, o) =n o sine Ihlrd I filco[innu! lniloms
    'i,rH !r= 3 *'136
    = -L It
    1fi, ,
    - r{4d rs (3);
    (r)
    /!Lt = | =-L (--).=+=* (s)6 (6)#
    /drr _a{l r,_s
    : n oq'2*co i s! okn o = 2 sc: o bn o Ill ql
    o .4=.."26 (l)Punlng:y=4rar-q.xl+5 , z= 3]r':+ ? (r)(d)(r)td)
    X{ = - u,0,,. ...!a=rzr,rrr, !u =tx

    rnr,o.:+-j-r
    ! rhi (2)Punins:y=(x+3)(x j(':+ r
    l-l 2) = 6

    --!!=xx+ 1 ,,=1:!
    a, (r+a-()-r)
    'r=-;;;r-=,*.t @
    ii=fr' j;=ex- rr' r- y= (xr + 2))

    r= 7 (r'+ 2r". 1r: !r


    Difr@diar wiih rcspccr ro , :

    "lJl,o=i Fb
    -n =+(rx+r)(x+r"
    /!.rr .= fi t: r r.ti,c, r=flf ,,={z:"r
    dv 2ra:(rr+16 (xr +2)
    #- "r. ,"r m
    . q!="".a-r"".rc _ (r'+2) - a'.2
    rr'(rr+),2tx,y
    .i{= ro-,e, sino=- rosinooso !r 4r-!! or0+,cc,a 0.
    ,y=4iii7o .i{=e"i"e".*e dr,1:r'' r/: r., :r = (yr l)5Dinirc iare uiln rcspeo ro x :

    \e^=l - n --r-- ! l=5(y'-ll,3y'*


    '';t-;T-;? -0i o-;;i ; d.-dx dx-(1 D, lE (v' r)
    vba d ;;t-
    i #= 3.*.:6 " ( "i"o)= 3"-J6"i"o jf= r,r"e+ecoi e"r e ;n- ^
    o!
    tllt =:lE==r rsy'ry'rr'rsry'
    i:+=3a,ii'o"o*o r#=3mso 6sitr:oms€
    IEI
    (4)Pftin8:y=X siiL 7=1-cosX
    L5 1[-1' i
    d-do do- fu;o ^'" ... !r= r--,r . rz=,i^r 1!.1[ '
    =

    x/o=i- r+b.0. r-" DiffeEDtjar. wiln rcspccr ro r:


    '' rd/o=l-- , \d
    '' a,-rr-u iiii ...
    1:r
    i- i, *
    *rr=
    o
    riil .*-=f=+
    tr
    #= 2 e.3 6:.e 3e h3 e r 3 #=a( sin o+sin o+6ms€)=a0cNo
    1 ,.=i 1/i r (*!"I=*
    =6sc:3€b3€ ,
    . ,!! y) el=i, ...l]=z "i 1o=z,z=a
    Itsl =4,. t .'. I = y sin (:! J( sii (x , dl]|
    . {r=91=!l=
    dx dz dz 62' taz 4
    l,* |
    d.= ,,.(r, ri+ l",,N,f ="
    Ditr Entiare *i& Esped ro x : . ar4=""x.*x"d<,.ro
    ( r ) ID .s. or fi. dc.nr k htrizonhl
    !(, o)" rxdala-n(x-a)" L=o
    @t!

    dI-(y ,].-\ F,
    ( 1)hry=J(1)is e.v.n rumtion .. y ="{i, i @) ='{i, = 4ts 4

    . !,r=!r^!l
    @r Dilterc hr wnn E.p.d b ia:
    r, r=l !r=+^ -!=l
    Difl.Entrrc wirh rsFd ro x :
    (2 ) li ctuc of rhc tig.nt ir v.dical : alt 'lz
    ,,!r.r,=u .!I=r .'.61 roz-4-o -'-32)-sz-2-o . . j (,i n , -l" .r r,*,i.".
    "dd
    l:! )'*Ilr l=i.lrr= i=
    L H.s = I .'. Oz+ 1) (z 2)=0 ,= +-,=, (2 )r,ry=J(rkoddrurclo

    lEl lDl
    v'=x-f;7 r=0 y)(r +y+y1 .r=r yr Difiecnriat *i!h Hp.d ro i( :

    Diflmntht Mp.d x Difi.rntib *nn Espet b a l


    ... i( xt" r= j(x)
    Did.Eide ,i.h
    i( !=i(,
    wirh io : Espet ro .x :
    ..
    ., ) I =r ++ by.,r,,pry.s. il;i .. i (r r" -r" or.,c, n *d-
    "
    ...,y[;i *=\tr;l., lol !l=4ir =,, r rcG:v
    @
    ,,fi;?!r=,: r,,lF!.!=, y sinyosr=l ..sin(r y)=l
    sioxcos
    ( )(d) (2)(,) (3)(O
    I (a)(s) \s) . coi)t = JG @t= flzr)=ax'
    (s)G) (6) (.) (7)G) (3)G) .- s.ji 0":)=si. i. (./.ii (D=3
    IE-
    DifimndaE *irh Esp..r x 9r
    ,=(#'l'
    ro :
    IN.ru.lioN b slv. nutr @
    r !r=o .!r.I (6'. _!r= S4_=4jl
    Difi*ntiare *iL\ rcsp.d b a :

    @l
    .._iI-= l
    A(ir=2r..ie)=i(4)x4
    =.t/.rf '^ !L Dlflcrciliarc *irh nspc.t ro y :
    . ]12) =a .'. un'y=se'y t ..m'y-x' t
    i (4)

    =.t!=rf,ttr12|"I !LI ..2".,-.,!l r.* " ",, {2) '. -rb. ru.ction s is th. inve* of futrction I
    .. 6y=+{xl-i,. yel+,,it
    =o
    r. c Il(rl=rDinerc isc wi'h nsrd b I ' u"1= {Fi ,. :r=mr
    :.!U(x.)l,i(r=r
    !l=".,,*, = Ifit- L

    6l A. r = o . . d [J (a,
    "
    i (s) = r ( 3) i =i (-rq(r)' i (r (,). i(rq
    :iO)x2=1 .!(b)=+ : ! ir)= r (/(J,r))J' / (/fl4 ., )
    Ol
    DifieEnriatc sith Esped ro I :

    ..a4=*"':r i<",xr
    =j(r(D),io),i{D
    -E=a.'-n,-q,v=2.' *,-a .. r =-.* r.rrt,(r.xjj ) (r), i(D =3,3,3 =,
    =i o) 'i
    11
    @l [-(i-i)x-+kr ,,.-!l-
    ...y=4_9c63.r
    Diffeenlat wirh rcsp.dbx: I =os ygl Ir,.]r- +.r
    , d1 | t/-!.r.!L t,tt ..i= a€sin2r+ms2x
    ("'
    "cv={'-;;;r) ar I
    -=1, , '1
    = z risin2 ti +.d 2 x
    .qr rt
    - = - 2sin 2 r- 4 xc6 2 ti
    d' 1i;7t lri= y 2 s\n L a
    = -4 3ii 2 X-4Jas32r
    @l
    ,-f(s@)
    @E 00)y=eun+ lll
    (r)y=x'..ax'+3 ..;-5x4 D.1
    El
    *q=i G .,),4 ., (r)y=r1 si:+6x 4 i=zot'ux i=aox'ze
    , Jtr=*Yx'+r
    . em=l .-.i=r;r'-rox*4 .'.i=o.r ro (2)y=sin1 .i=-,x
    i rcdx+ roccrsinn
    ..il*trr)=..--r,:L=!
    ' l(s(l)),+ I i =6r(x+ r+r r: a
    .'. =4sin
    (3) y=es (r 3, ,.i=:"i"o r.rt
    l!+
    r/ r'
    |
    .'.
    = 14tn1tun=7 sin 2x
    . i=-qo"tr r.s
    : y = -, sin (,I - 3rO=-27 sin (3,
    ix'+ llvr,., ; =x(, l )y= (z x+ z)a+"irzr
    ! ;- ' l ...
    "i,a"o"r+,ii'x (

    :.i =21 '1+zet2x+2) =rsh2.r+sin'?x i =4(2J( + 7)r x 2+2ms2x


    p,.. rrr, !r= i 1 r.os 2 x+lin2r+ 2sinxc6 r
    dx t+ ir-; ^,-r :. ) = 21t1, + 2) t2 x +2) +2 (\'1+2 rl .. y = 2
    =3(2x+?i+2.os2 i(
    =2112 x+ z)1 +2 tx'+ z Al =2x6s2x+2tin2ti ... j=uex,t)',2 t"inzx
    I rtrl+,
    ! ,x,o =212x+z)'1+4lx1+2, E_t
    I =43(2x+7)'43n7x
    1,.,.o (1)y=sinJ(c6J(
    $=*"r-** y =96(xx+tx2 4.62x
    I rvx'.t , a,
    ' =l:l = 192 (2.1+ 7) 3cos2I
    . - rl-nf)-(x+r)flr td *'l'=s= ^
    @l
    (2)y=2tsinacGI y=xsii2x (5)lrx,=-
    =rx r)= a(x z) '
    1o r
    *9="'-""*'"' , (r)= r r_ = ---r_
    (x+D = z (r(+ rf.
    =2Ic62.I+sin2I
    tsty=x+'[x+5
    .=-a xi 2x+2or21+2o!2r irl = rtx*rr' itxl=rzir*rt n

    r * j r:r*l l = 4xsin2I+4cc2)a
    'i =?rx.sri r!r, =.
    (i t,
    i =,rtx rt-r ...i=-rztx-u'
    'i= 3 tx ur] .]=+\x-rti
    -.
    ..S=-,.r",--.* -,,=,"r'
    .. **o,r an= ] l cl*o,*r1l l7)y=2x+! r t )=2-?x 1
    =l (-;y,.;nr ..r,,-= r.*x-,inr . (.,,]).=,=
    '
    (Ditlcanriure wirh tusne(olxnodurlne) lE.cI

    ..i=Jrzx sr l"z=rz.t sr I
    ..|=-f1zr sr i. z= 1zr-r i io liir rhc 6!ocq n,ns (r) !{11: . r*9= *
    ..i=]1zr 1r',2=:gr srl Ditfecntute wnh Bp!.l to I ororhcr .ime

    (e )y=sinxssx= + sin 2x
    lEl ..,4-ra. (bynlrupry nahy)l
    .r=+-,,r,,=-,,r '. c= l!) !'.'y=8dx=l -ir=o
    'xr+yr- 1 r)
    ",4.,r{r'=o ..,li*"rl:r=n
    (Ditrcre i,rc wirh rcsp.cr b .
    ..y= 2sin?x . y= 4cos2x

    .'. i = 6x: +x( 2 sin 2 xt) +.os 2 I (DiffeEmine * ilh rcspecr ro x rorher 1in.) lol
    !r "r[. '.. 2xy+3=5 J(r Differenriatwnhrcrp€dbx
    ,,, - 6, r,,]r=0,h,,r",,r h, r,
    ""
    ... i= rzx er*"zr 2si.?r zsii2x ..,ri;+) = 0i
    = l2x 4Iuos2n 4 rii 2I E :r\+2 \ (drrl +!'-=0 Din'.icn.iab*nhrcspeo!oxlnorh ri6c.
    i=,,.sx",,,x . rr,h.!r-qr=ro
    = l2+3Isin2x l2cos2x
    .'.2 x+ l! 1=A
    E ml
    DilleE.tut. vith rtlpsr to r arcrhs tine
    y=J.t 10ar+60 xr+ r20
    I lBl
    Difierentidc winlr rsped ro . {v_ I . yl=I,:! I Difieto ilrsailh p.dbn
    ..
    fl-s r" or'*rzo:r
    dilrd l) ,gr=r,
    =0 rhl sby
    .:1:)0Y 201'+r2n |) Ditr ftntidc *nh Espe.r b ir molher rim
    ,4r.r{r'-,=u
    ,!= ,0, -,*. ",1=n Ol ,li-r{f . l=,
    .'.120.x 240=0 :.x=Z DillsEndate wnn Esped n, x :
    IB
    .,,",,,,,",,",', , !i' = -,. {,_,.,
    DilteMtarc {irh Esplur ro .x ridn6 ,mc
    Br RHS =x +r XJxr+y
    (l)(b) (2)lc) lr)(f,) ,'.2 r -+2- r+6rI=0(brdrlidinsbr l)
    lE.qr
    -
    (6)(r) (7)(d) 13){!) ,.r:y =2x+5 Dif"-ori,c
    "i6
    ,."pe. ro r: =r:rzx l+:rt x l+rl
    r+, =O=LHs
    l1l)(b) (12)ld) (l:])(a) ... t:;+ t ,rt +t oI=0
    t'a.*zrl=l "2ra, ]x
    Din.rcnrhro wirh nspeio x o&rhr rim.
    lll o
    aDl
    (l x)y=xr ro,
    y+rr+r:r'*cx*a ..i=r"r'*zrx*. (Difiean(iie wnh resp.cl ro x)
    + (Difrerciriare virh ftspc.r

    ." (l +xrldr+,= 2 ra
    )v t : 2y'e=X ."x'++4r\.r+2\=0 Dittmitidt sirh rcspecio .l rn.rh. itu
    ^=o
    l6
    tr_ r r:r _ (r_r, ,

    9=,,,-,, ,

    l0l n-.or,x r=f


    @l
    4r=rrlr '= r rrf (t)
    (by squlnig borh ride,
    ... y'?(l +1')=s (Diff.rcntilr *nh elped h, (Dificen{i& vnh rspdt ro ,
    .'. 2ydr(l +x )+)'r2r=0rbld'v'd'ng : y) EI .,,!r=|
    y=!21+ 5 (Diflcrnriar wirh rcsp.cr br) @r
    (DifieEnri,te wirh erpd ro , morher tine)
    DifieEnri& uirh rcspd I anorhsr rim.
    .. ]= l y r= r0 - .or ia (DilleEnriare wirh rcf.cr b :!1
    ro
    . , ,' (qJ'- ,,*,4 = o (by dividins by y1
    . (r + x') )i +x =0 .. -
    -=12X+5)
    j r2 x+ rri.2= ira+5r:
    ':+ --a -r+J -= .,(rJ'-,*=, (Difiercnrilc !s!in qirh respd b r.)

    : (.r'+ r) -+.1x-+, =0 , =+ (zl +5t).2 = I 12 x+ 5ti i D+xdi+d\=u\r


    -
    @l
    lDl R.Hs.= (2I+ 5) r+ r +
    yr = 3 rr 3 xr +5 (Difercnrid. virh Esper ro x)
    ..,1r-rl|=-.,
    I =25
    x1 + y1 (DilteEniire wirh EspEr ro D l*r" Cr* t i
    =12x+5)x3(2x+s) .'.3y':nq= l2 x'-6i((Di"idinc by 3) @
    :sr+ry*=o dividins6y2, - r ex*sr I rrzr*:r i=o *"
    .'. f ,!l =+ r' z r loin".niirc *rrr, rc*pctr o 9 'o,9= '
    :4x+yl{'=o o) jfr=trxq.I+q)hxha
    ,y='{2*s tr y:=2x+5 ,,'*-,,(i)'=,,', ,
    :.2y i =x :yi=l -*.rt*Jx+r-::rr
    (Dilfce !@ (l) wirh Esp.cr b ri 'Yt+!y+lyr=0 r"',4.,,(*I.,=,,,,
    ...4+l:+l +) -=0 (, . yi +3 i i '0 (Mulripryitrg by y)
    Y--+(^) = r( x rc 1G{' . x + Dn' r'r
    @
    by subiirurins ror €) in (r) : ..li -: v; i =o ':'yi=,
    ..(rx+s)i+3i=o
    ..Cr+5lj:+lj]=0 .. R H.s ={-stna)' cosx( cos ri
    ..4 y + 16r'+ y .--j=0
    @ @l
    .'.4iy +1x)+y--r=U @l y =sin2r .
    *9=r-"t,
    ..4^25+v'^4=0 ..
    '.' y = 2.os (r t+ l) .daq--6".(3x+r)
    "'"Ir.,*=" .'. (l +xr) y: = l (Diffffintiarcwid'rcsD.cr!oi] ..
    -=
    ,lsin?r,
    -= 3.o5 2 x
    .. tr*xl,u y*!a* r'125 =o .. rs *" r:;< * rr
    @l -ia=- sy
    r )4(u, +(--) =4ao211 + 4srlr
    .. ir-,1fl-xy=o (ry dividins by 2 y) =-qi2c6(3].+t)= '
    = r6 cos'2 x + r6 sinr 2 x
    .,= { 6ped b r mdh6 rimc) ,
    (Diflcrcnride sirh
    *It,rr=o =t6x l=t6
    ( z,lr*. != I o.: x+a u \u\:, EI EIr
    ,,'1.;l

    @,1
    = 3.!s2a+3.0s2x=0 '=fi.,=
    ,'. y=22
    -
    (DiffeE
    '.=,
    iatc wirh rcsp.ct tox)

    : *=3.os 3x 3sii3x
    !+=,;,*=+,*
    @l
    n""' '*" ,it, r
    y=!i,.:-zr' ,r.-tx
    -4= (rJ,.,=, = q= L.!1=-i r.!!=a
    dz d,,vz
    @r @
    r' ,rr r* r,*"., v='[i,,=x'to x=i z, #=.,,
    = . !,!r=rr
    !-r= ..1= !^r ro. r=.9
    "' z'1.
    ,{a

    l/.
    v=z
    or9*rr= n".', o.*,
    ' . lr=gr^ sz= _L ,.*=--
    +9Gin31+cos3$=0
    dx dz dx !zrr= vJr q :ir= b- b=;-= A-
    J;, j-x^ 4
    (Difi.En.i.e rnh rcspd ro xi
    r,4=,, r, *,, -,, d'y lr'-"
    ,
    "r " *.= ,.J '^-
    :31Gin3 x+os3, =31y
    loJt'='=
    4 5.; =
    t;'ri)=;;-f .,4.ri:r'=,a..
    @l

    *9='*'**' @l i#r.,=+ .,i:.rirr'.ru =o

    _i.= ,.,",.-,,-""",
    $=:r" ''"* ..,=!-2<4,l'1=3-32x1
    "' *=i*'-*''o*"='0""',"*' =;G r)',r5=1(" ,)' .r l =3 3r .x'? (Dincdkc w h Espcr ro ,
    20Q. rl0 t + 5) .sc rl0 x+ 5) (i)..,=: r, !r= ou
    -= : h(l0I+ t) x l0
    (t) -+ 2o!x+r' nl= lsx +, bn(lox+ ..vdq+32r=o
    y= -.\ in r+ = zoo -":00 a 5) @l
    (Di6.EnriaE with Esp€c. b x morha rimc)
    @l rla = r * z r,!a=:r, * r
    .fr=or .,{r*rlrr'*r.z=n
    (Isin,
    lL-lL -9: )i4
    + i((]i os I + sin, +2
    '{=rl @r
    d:, , d:+ ], tlr,,,, dl
    + J.sin 1+ 2xsitrr=0
    (3)iGx) =20sGr-Gx) sin ( rO =
    z"*:r-x"i".r=J
    ;';l)-'i,-= ,,'.r'
    = rxr
    1\;7r..,= t

    19 20
    @l @_l
    ..
    --+-=r trlin r b0sr.)
    1y=sioa.x Difiec ia@ wirh rcsp@r b Ja
    fl=z,x'-,bx + (a5in ). +b ms, = are
    o^=tz
    Diflmn.iar with E.p.d b a uoos tim -=6" "'

    @l
    )r ? {:+l+ a'xy =0 EI
    -+ L.r I f (x) = xr +r x':+ 6 a +c
    : dz =/(zlrd-=c(.x)
    @ @l
    y=!6sr:+bsiDr'i (l) =&- n-r d=I(z), c rxl
    (3)G) (9)(d)
    " d:9 = - 2. r. tin i.'+ 2tt.* x: .. xr+ (a+3)n'?+ Pa+b+6)r+2a+b+c Dilt tu1ift *nn dpe.r 6 x
    (11) (.) 02) (b)
    =2I(-osina'+bccn1 =x3+7x1+9r 2 (x)+
    a Lx). / (z),
    03)(b) 09) o)
    Q)
    -=J{z) s -
    (21) (r) (22) O) (23)(d) (2,t) G) .;i= zi-r'n x'+ bcc r1 =i r,.! irt* d rxr.) at, e'rxr
    (30)(b) +1x\ 7, x.$ x.1 - 2b x tin x') + c= -2 = i ro ti rxrt'* i r.rr i r"r .

    or)(d) (32) G) o3)o) (34)O) '2^+b


    = 2(,"i,a'1+b@"11-a-r.'ccsr.' .'.I lx)=x) +4 x1 sx-5

    G!
    by $bstjiutiis rmm ( l) md (2) |

    @l
    xy= r6s:! .ay=+"i"zx
    :;r =idx -4.\'r rby DuttiptyiDg . x] '1dq=."x'r+b( "+l)x "
    '.
    'ii
    (Ditr@ ialc *j$ asper b t) ..4="" u,r' :+b(-n+r)( n)r, l

    ,.,.*'"=*,, (bymultiplyinsxar)
    (Di6*n.ht wirh EsDed b r mo$d rime) loJ r']-a= n rn l)ax'+b1tr r)in)) "'l
    =n(n Dhr"rbr "'Ll=nG r)y

    ... , !4., i.L.,,,,,, =


    @l
    " y=rsint+bccr
    ... 2!D2x=4ry ..,!4*:fr*rxy=o o19=n-,r-0,4"
    EEI
    @l
    y=r@x Diliartrliat wnh Esp.ct ro x , =-, "r."r=""* ("1-+)
    *9=r*'r* *, Difieridsb *idr 6p.d ro, ,i= J -" ",( = a:es (! r +,i)
    4-r" z *. x. ,* ,,- * ,-', * *r, ,i=","i,,r=r*(,x,:s, )
    z,;' x
    o1. , y'o= J"*";r=aaostax+ zo
    =z, x l.', ' ,;,';;'d"',y .'.-r+:=racBr bnnx)
    "., ^
    = Br.r
    2 (r +rbx)=2(l + y) selx : "elo,at +( rcosr+bsin)0= &6 (l) .. yo=""--(",.4, )
    21
    .r''="''-.(,'.Y) @ (s) .15;+{y-x=k *-,',rr,;lu''*_l!l=s. l._
    1)(b) (a)(d) l'"'"' {r-"
    =,'*"(",-+)=,J'""", (I )(r)
    (5)(c)
    (

    (6)(d) (7)k)
    ( r)(r)
    ';F-;F=^' 6a,,upryi,g ry [r *1rr
    y1*' =;* _, (t r + lrt!) (M'Ll'prvbv'?6;6j)
    rnsrucrions ro &'hr nunDcr E0
    .. rir !{y+*ri r11[ *r=^- ,,,,,,4*,!r zs, =n

    lrr )= +r+!+!+ o- .. i({-;.15;).try; t,* Bl


    @
    , =,"-* L*?!+!t'+ . L,-
    - 1r; 15r
    =,.*"a =."" l.\*41 .I=m,)*.Jilf{c i rirh rsprd h.x
    =r*.r*i* .-
    r (Mukiply by thc conjus{c or iuncrubn e

    , i = ; *i" 1 - (" j( + ri)


    " "'"i. .i=v ..i=;-' '"=t1[;][]lfi;trr
    ({}.}'1v-.)(11.'.v1 t)
    rctu=-riirl-l +!\!
    -
    ydr= r' *ii!x=!''i,r ("r*2r)
    ..5i ,i ry=5y ?y 3y=-i, u+x) o 11 ,r , -,
    ' (l/r''.v1 1)'
    .4=,,",r L\'. r =r+
    (2 ) . /(x+h) -I(, =5 11h+hr=h{5 rr +h) . i=-1 " "
    r"'=""., (" x.?) ="""t, (, x. +) ,",ir= r", , ,=,,"r, .-'r r x' .'
    ".,
    y=15=i
    . L,m I,\+hr / { L,m 15r'+hr

    :i =s:r'
    (x) i (r = ror (7)'.' y=a x'-bir"'r +5

    '.I(r)= ro . @
    ', -= y = j rr
    lorn -niu"
    EI (]) .u.c)(,=J(c(r)=tsoolr funclion i$ slotc k ft8div. md idercept
    --rll
    ""p"". "i,r,
    sitr y+ 6s2 ir=0 DilleE iaGvirhpsp.dbx: a poririvcpan orlhe y aris d) (o1rd)(r) kr+b)k)_ ad i[
    .. U. s) (r=, s(r) i (, ar (.r+o'? ("1*dt
    ' .. IiBUE (c) rpre*nrs ir.

    Diflcsniilr wirh espcd ro r ano$er tim. .. tro cj t:,,:l =z e txr, i txl * z [i tjo]' ..nr= ild bO( ir+dr'
    @
    .'. rl" s)e)-2r o, ! G)*r le cr' r = (r -f;)' @in{eniia,e wilh sp.c! N x) ..-&= ,.t"u oot"r*o'
    (bydividitrg:cosy) =2 x ! 5+ i (- 2): =:t3
    3 2
    dlr=s(r-1|i;'-l(,*# i,!=c; r"a ror",*o'
    ,,,.. 1,. i tr irt't'r ,,
    . ,. ir +tr j =,,,-,t. *.f, r[*!si
    . vr +r, r ss =: tlrr t1!t=: r,r r,r.x*ar,
    @ r Ltr
    -,,
    s(a.fi;i_ 5y .6crk d- bc) (c r+ drr
    ..rj=2bnrB'r=2r (l + hn'xr) 'l"irrr=zr 1,-f fi;F b.t(.x+d)'
    , irrr=. +: ,...ttn=zxa axl . !r-
    dr
    iL = r2or(,d
    {ttl 1(-1) =rt 2r r!-bc,rur+rt'lr
    ., se.':t +6 riD'x s@- x :. i txr = s xr :, r' i t-rl = z+ r'-
    , r a x R H.s =
    --2 ..{i*'*9=sy (Dirr enn . win Bpel ro x)
    = 2 (r +y)+6y (r + y) = 2(l + y)11+3 y) .'.?4x1 6rxl= 12 r2.:(,d-bo'(.r+d)'
    =
    :i l =(1+ y) (r +:r y) 1,,;;.-11.611='li
    23
    o @a 3y' 6y+9y: r3y+9=o
    u
    tr ),.
    .,1 y=
    q
    cotl
    r*="
    ,
    'Ihc poinr of inrenerion wnh x-0xi3 pury=0
    ...xr-2x s=o ..(x 4)(x+2)=o "{l .'. Siopc
    wr... !: =.
    ar$. stlilhr line =

    ..x:4 ,den y=0 ..,poinr(4,0)


    orir= r,fi.tr y=0 ..poinr( 2!0)
    ..y=+!h*x=+..e"l (:,
    , rr+)Lq-r+aq=r
    .y=;rh*i=? ..l.*!(+,
    .+= i .r=Jr (2) Find rhe uluc of y fo, eich vdue of x
    dx,,{-y' a.. rrl , r,l ,'- (i r)'= ,
    (i, 1ll)'e,t),(?,
    ,

    a ..*i =, : y':= 16 ...y=+,r


    1T)'("6a,tr)
    rqr =l./!tr l .:r',!r-,*:,9=n y=4rhcix=3
    E
    .. potnr(3,,1)
    .q 1L] ...
    .. y =+ *i" 2-x
    E
    , '.' slope ordr givcn *.iAhr liie= 1

    .'. rluo. urLm L ia=sr=l!l\ =l a .-.n""r.porrr,"u,g*r= r .. j{= r

    by $b$iruring in &eeqdioiof rh.cune


    Et -.-4y1-2y)+y'-1 :y1=l ( r ) Tlrc slope ol the nmighr liic =2
    . d,!L "1-r,,y=. .. *"x=_11
    rh" e.i i,(T,o)
    equ r =+2
    @
    Fmm ,otr ( r
    ) : ,., . .- lliL
    m: ,-
    ,r,wr'""4=o .
    -{=o
    ,., The poitrh (2 1) , (- 2 ! l)
    -,r=l1,,r'*r=4 .
    +=1ll t, rr,] = :L
    . r
    "= !14
    6, '.

    by s0bdirutinE in the equarion oI rhe cury.


    ''6.f=o l/? "
    . r:l!\ =
    ,',3 y' 6y=o i.3y(y 2)=o ll dy-" t[
    -" .d'
    d- {i ..rh"e"ttu*,(+,r),(+,,)
    ,lf ,6
    ... r1'e poinr src : (0 ! 0) , (0 , 2) , I rhc slop€ ot rh. sivctr srlishr (2 ) nre srope or rhc {aishr
    line =
    + rine = + -4 =4
    r2 )wha d1i! utrGfi n.d :... r ) - I =0

    . -1, =, ..tF=,t& t2)


    in rh. equotion or rh. .utu ;3 6+x1=O E ..-"a=+didI=+ , ..y=1[ or3x r= 2rh,nx=0,y=j
    ... j('1=3 ..x=r$
    ....,x=l d,""x-+ ...rh.e"ril,@ (i,*),(0,+)
    ..n"e.r"s""(6,,),( 1[,r) ..'[i*z'[i=r ..3,[i =6
    lDl
    (3)Whenll=haf=l .'li=z : x=4 .. r= 1r't
    (r)r':-3.xy yr+ 3=o
    .6=+ ... y= 16 (by diffeft{ilrins wirh resp.d b r)
    by subiioriig itr lhe eqdion of rhc cunc (4
    '61'1t.r ' 5, ..r, 3y 3'H..ry*=o
    25
    : d-= l;;, :;= 1*\ -i (rrurd ,whce r€10, lT1)
    \d/i ., = - ld/1",r)=
    .'. Ttc .qmtiotr of th. tuE.d is : .'. Th. equarion of r gcnr h
    !l= *Jx z,e rec:rr-r '"h*r=+
    *" *,",,",(i,0
    .'.

    #=+ i..r4r+5y 6=0


    .i$=+ i".a+3y-+=o . rl."q,",,.""ri,"g."'.t$= r

    |2'J.. x'+2r+ y++y' 2t =o '. Th. slop€ ofungear = 6


    Oy diflmriding wirh EFd b x) (by difieEntiaritrg wi6 6p€d ro x) ,,Ine sloF ol mml =* lEl
    .. :
    '.: 'J, + rt P.: y*. +,-1 tri(r)=6b1, *Jr
    .,,*=o .. i (f;)=o' r, ('{i)'= r: = og*, .. rh.pod(+.r) .!1 {
    "r.p" "r
    ..2,-
    't"} t.'\, *-ztfl=o ,rr(aJ=rh'(*)=,
    .'. 'nr. .quation ol iomal is :
    .. ft"
    ",.p. "r@c.d
    = (#),..,,= ?
    a" -u r-,1, 1 ,,*" *-.(i,, i..4x-24y n + 72=0 .. ta*t-.r""g, o la=]
    .. n.q*u-orrng., t]=
    " r.n r:
    " \if,,r '. 17 i..,t2a y 1fi+2-O ..t =xe n= x' ..dfi--zx.
    ... 'nre equarion ol bdgln. is I . (:i),,..,,=. i s,op.ormnna,-
    y-a=+(r- r) ir.3 r+ r7 y-?6 =o
    laJ
    . . Tnc .quarion or mmEl tu :
    "u"-.r-*"r,|l=t'
    (r)Iy=6 :t-6xl
    ==+
    , c.n +4v + 13=o ,. y, -,xy*=o
    (by difr.Mthring uirh Esped b ! lDl
    .:i=*",,*,, (:+),=,=? ."h'".,*-",=:
    !
    ..li+) ,=, .*r'., r=*'r,."r =: ft..qudrend n,m,r^ ','(4 2) etis66 rh..guarion :
    ii=i
    ".-I ,', 4'+(-2): 2k(4)+ 12=o
    .'. 3k=-32 .rk=4 '. rhc cqurLion oltansenl is:
    .. p.r"'(*,4 tzt -- x' *y' *z x=s :. z r+ zy*+2=o
    .'.TrEequdionotrhccurye:r1+y: 3x+ l2=0
    h, y z=z(r-{)
    ..
    "q,"ri-"r*g*r
    t..2x-y-++2=D 'd= r, \dr,,, = ' zr.zrS a=o j{=7
    .. slop.otorycnt= 1,"1.p.1-,ml = + doF ofi gcnr b dic cu{e d rhe point (4 - 2) = 0 .. rh..qutio" *mr n
    ' "r
    r{,v=jr.!+ nm,l .. n. emrion On.c*r, ==1
    .. Th. tquatior or is :
    fi =O
    .. !-r. r *?: r ..t!rt "=x y-r=+(.x 2) i3..r-3y+l=o trtx'l zr-+y*t=o
    ..zxt -zx'tfi-z-tfl=o
    ,dx=+ ., y=r{i l0l
    rr'.r;{=0".or!r y=sin2r cosr j]=2"*u r.*x (fi),, ,,
    .. Ft"r(*,3{3)
    '.'Jop.of@g r=hn'1 =- !
    (y-r1'i )=ra (x-+) fr- t'-, ;;;:!,,: , -'
    ., .q,.rt*
    "rbs"d
    h
    ' I1= ,
    ic.74x y Aflt6=o r1-r\ "-r 2(1-2 sin: t) +linr=- I

    (by diftcnriarios airh ftsp.d 6 , .'.'Ih..qudionof n()ml k I y-3 " I (, 3) ., Gin x l)(4sinn+3)=o
    ,,,6Nr=-3.in3y:i

    27 2B
    a r":q=zr 5 :,h.p.tu"e, i .. Tr,..qmrion oltusdr: y=2I ._r
    !:=1j::*r=r "=: ..cuercior mro'-------=
    am .n.rh@ -EL=-rG ,i 2

    ,+ ..
    "q,"i", "r"-.,1,
    y =] x
    r JI6=o
    tr.3{r,+y+ Or)y-r'3inIt , y = sd .i
    (1,1) Gin r. + cos
    .. rdc r L, ++=+
    n..qmrroiof
    *r,-x=4a,""=o
    '
    ,-*m.*--r ]1= l ..*=,x.i^+x,+x,^"+x
    ir.Ji+4y+'1-O ! sloF ol nomrl = 4 ,+,15 . r!-ll =-1tr
    i..x 36y + 31/l=0 (b, diffmnti iig wiih rc.ped to !
    y=3+3e1 . #=*r-, .. slop.ottuse = 2n
    ,-r" r.-" r!l*"*r-;. n"
    ls)l=;*, y1=s(r*r:)' {s)
    .. .qr",r*
    "r-e*,
    o,l+ = - Z n
    -(*),,.=,,=,t/,
    ,y*= so.x1,',x : dop. of hscnt = 2f
    2 cdrsin x (.orx sinry

    ax r (r*r1, 'rfi .. -**"*"*'r",j1= L ..(#)",",=. i srop€ or Engen, = o

    ,', atuorion of nmd h: I-2ri y-2-0 :, cqudioD ol h8cnr is y = 0


    .q*i.".,,-s" "++=, ,.rhceotn.is(+,,
    ' n".a*'i"""r-g""t, llf ozr v ={ili?iioii slop. ormml is
    +
    (undcrind)
    if.Ja y+3=0 q ,,h." r= g
    !slopeotnomal= I =216 . .. q@imornmdisr=+
    :.eqmrionofunarb++= I dr = --ssl:.l!-L
    2{;;;l;;;
    i..zfix 4-t"{ir,+t=o aDl
    (1)x=i+2,*3
    6t)i
    <6)y-2)<
    ..191,=a
    . j+=,.*',
    ...r.p..r*s*'=a
    ..qu,,ion or noid
    ,i,r,
    -r+-=+
    ' l'i Ii.ir, =u
    Y=r,-,
    ;...x*z$y t"{\ lt=o ,.{@ion of ungdt h y =fr ,y=21-6r+ r ..1{=or'o

    ,*hmr.=+ d,-y=+ ,
    {e)y=3mfr ..fi=:-rr*.'r ,
    "rop"
    or
    "@,r = + (,"dcni.d)

    . (ii),,.",=n cqu.io nom.l h I I


    '. .Auarion of ong. .
    ,(+,) =4
    .'. sropeorhsm,=4 .'. of =
    \oit,."=-' "'
    noP' or unsdr = -r
    ---:-j-r
    X.;
    -
    x y:-l=0 r)
    " dificcdidtiry Hped
    if,.4 (by wnn ro
    whci r=0 -r).=3,y=l
    v-{+-,) (+,4 .'. sii2y+2Ic62y*
    .equauon orDm"r +r=7 t1,.p.
    i!.4I+ 16y-9fi+
    =S*,u.r zv"i" z * ..a*u-"i**",j1=:
    . q 1o,y+?aj!?x
    16=0

    -*t1., * -f:L = f
    *=-,"" *,*, ,-,..-*--,,-{=:-t . lax J,r r,=,
    ,

    . (*1r),.a=-rlF ir.4l+ l6r r ^+'


    32=0 .'. oop"or"ng*,=z,rrop"ot**ur=]
    -.1
    ..41=u' a

    '
    sloF of org.nt = - lf
    ,slorof ndTd= | .. =os,x zIsmrr+osr .. e{ud of bs. : +=2
    ,+ ,y=s{r-, :t=6
    'rrri
    .-h*r=+ .rq\ .!! r , ,'-6
    ''dx I ,
    =, i,'i- rr r,{r ,
    /:!r r ,L |
    ,dope of Ensd= +,dacof mms'= r . as4=z*"s *"e^a'u *Jooe .'. y=0
    x =othen .'. point: (0
    '0)
    ...1=0 !y= 16 ,y-hn6 .. jl=";e orx=lrheny=2 .'. point:(l
    '2)

    ' ai- ..,0 L ,. fi=z.,t.r (*).,",=,


    ...1*,i"".r"re*, i,lf; = ]
    Iti,o=!=r'iiFdhse ='/ equtr of 8ns istu]-= I ir .r -y =u
    \ '
    , **,"" ,--, ,
    ff t' =
    ,"r"*.r"*,r =],*r,., e=f /o= +__z
    ,r.p..tk"sdr = + , "bp. ,I n.-,r , ,"^-","-.,,= , , E!=.,
    ,=,6.,= 6
    =2
    ,r,.
    c):r=rr 6 H=,f ,*r'"ne=-X,*"nr= r ,y=- r
    .'. equ idi otnomdl, r+y=0
    .r=Vrr s ..91=-+
    u'
    .2fi rrr
    :no'n,alT,it ,
    i-trr , rr,x= rr,y= r
    J, n: 1lrl'
    .. ,..w,r",a""r.",ii-l rrr.2 .(-,,,.,,=r
    'r;F(,-r ,,.c*' -.'*g..
    1r
    :=, :-
    '(q),,=a'"''p"""'"**=+ .ecd ormmr
    .'. .luarion of ungeni is : =3

    , \lop€ of iomal - l2
    ;= i . . .quarion ot hsent is : 3 i-y 1=0
    =
    whe!r=2 .'. J(=2,y= I
    .. ill==,1 i=rr,a*rtr,:t,J(=r+t,y=2+3k
    ,.q,*.norn*L Ol
    .. **'i.".r".r*, ' !=,rr xt .'slopcortmg.Dr=h4s"= I
    .qmndolmmrlis. =1
    !'.'.x'?+y'?+4x+6y + 5 =O
    ,,.,3a-6y ''1]l=0
    ,
    "q*,i.".r -*1,l l= rz
    (6)r=csce , jd= ."e-,e ,,.,,*..."*=" ,i=o,zt*rt:l,- rt ,:r= r +3k , y=2 k

    r4)r=co,s ..i{=-",' ql= -.6-,6 @


    .
    ,r=1E+"i"0 ..*4=-". ^J6 tr
    #= I rhcn y =-x- 5 By solving ntc 2 cquotions rqdhc! b s.t rhe poim of
    .9=-*"0-,0--"'e r. e .N.
    4=:-9=,-,a .lqt in@.tion beN*n me sb.ighr lim aad ihe

    ^=;"=
    r "."
    , Jx +4x+6(-1-s)
    rr + (- x- 5)r +5 =o
    ,slop€orEng.d : - l = I .. rlt r "=r
    "lopeoriomal : r =6:; 6y squdnc bo,h sids
    " :x= !5
    2
    .y=iril ,,r+..t-*r= j,*r,""e={ .'. x=0(Erui.d)orx= 4&.i y = I

    --=r E,lE r
    .'.r=+.]=1/r .r.',(+,'/r, .".qu5r inoi ungmr E .. (ir+ 3)(I 2)=o ..x= 3(rctuin)dx=2

    , != rll =
    -v=2
    ir.x y+3-0
    ..,,,.""',,"-.", rlE=, , '.' slop. of iomal = - |

    _ '+
    *,.,""., -r.,'.
    , ... rh. p.im or inbBecrion n (2
    nir = - -
    '2)
    {=+o rl . r=-1
    ...quriotr ormmrr
    r" x*y t/i=o
    '11 r

    .
    u
    :V6,
    v(i ,\E r!r =:l
    . ,1,
    .eqmrond mm to
    .'. 'Iho equdion of norn is y-2=4(1 2)

    ,. x ,+i,=u -=T
    i.e.ra+ey rr6=o
    31 32
    @ trrrtr=t(erxt) .'. (x1- l)'=o .'. x-r I
    fr=-.r" tr- rr (r.*!r) i r! ,'. TIe bsent cnr the cun. ar L\e poinr B which i6
    .. r:q =i (e rxt).d
    , H=**=r .. +=,,(x.r,+ ,r, c1=1(gG1f=11r= r
    I-cmrdimt = I !r0)= 2
    .- B=(r ,-2) fom(l) slope orbgent = I
    sin(x+y)= | (l)
    .'.

    x.,=i*z.r *n"",en ,i (3)=i(s(3,.d() =i f),6=2,6=


    ..t= i .', .quarion ol nom,l oi rh. poid B is y + 2 = -I
    12 ..p"-'(+,+) ra

    .. r =*, (]-z,r)=--|=o c) .-. sLp. or &ng$i = 12 !.qudior oftangcnt h:2 y- l -0 l-.Ir.:


    : equ oi or hsonr :
    l r4 - 12 , cCuatjotr or nomd is : I =+ a
    :r-.aucsoorelo,:tl ",=+ l-,
    a-m, 2yd:1rza 11-r=rr'
    ..,h" p",,,.r,-8"-y,,, (+,0)
    ,.r*,." ]{=J ..e.r r,(+,?)
    . . rh. qudiotr or tmgei! is l ,.quarion oftus.nr is:2 y + I =0 d= r,a,-1) l;;l,,., ='
    y-o=-*(,-*) ...2x+4y ft=o B , .aurion oI iond is : I = + .- dircction v66r linc (l ,2)
    of rhc shight
    (3)(c) (4)(d) (s)G) cquaiionorhs.,;-(a,a) +*{r,2)
    6 (3)(c) (e)(b) (r0) (c) tD
    .quarion or nomal ; = (s , r) + k ( 2, r)
    il= ,,
    :

    (, =j (, xs(a +l(r r i ($d:r=3 Ol)(b) O{) (d) 05) (c)


    i
    (r3) (c) (1e)(c) (20) (!) el .,,= , ... sropc or nomd =
    +
    @
    Any point(xr,y,) liesortccu . of the
    pr) (b) (2.r) (d) (rtG) .,. equdjonornomd: r-2y +5 =0
    ruiction e$fyiis ns oquation
    (23) (.) l2e) (d) (30) (c) lollins
    i (3)=- r ,7+ 1" 6- l
    6y the rwo .quatioDs

    ..,t"p" aa"g""rro. rc;r (:r,,xi) = r xl trr


    @
    ...2Xr+r-3=O (rr){2n+3)=O , .' lnc6g.nrpa$iigrhrcughrhcrwopoinb

    ..,tuNn ...a=l,ft.fpoinr(r,r) (a,o),(x, , xi)


    or mmrr ii= ' .:
    ii-3 r'+3 (posiri'r varE for my varE ori)
    -.x= :,'h.r"'e"r"i(")=(?, i)
    ... sloD. ofr s.nr ar my poinr on rhe cwe h .. dope ofuryent=__L <1)

    \,i,.,f =, ' .trr@hn or tusenr r (c)


    -
    ' ",r
    i,r
    '(rl'rix',,r
    Ie
    .'. dope ot
    a!
    bg.i!
    eut aigl. oi te
    d dy poid
    positiv.
    onfi. cufle indin.d
    diErio of x.axis.
    by
    ,, ' i=.,",,,,""_,,="
    ,-i ..
    { =r xi- Dxi
    r,,r = f= z '4rhepoii.(l,2) ..fr=a 6
    ... rr.l-'r{=o ..2xi(x 6)=o
    , rhen yr 216
    i (x)=r "'z-(:"r - !r=qr,-+r r,r, t4\ =0oryL =
    , 1u
    .. a"*,r i",ll J =
    = r
    .'. Irrc poinN !rc (0,o),(6,216)
    "*,i", .'. cqurion of i.i8e.t is , y 0= l(i+l)
    @
    EI '.' y = r r
    , Ie. rhs poinr of ung.ncy is (s , b)
    by solving inc cquarion dl the hnsenr and the

    '-,,.,." "f..-,| t]=: ! equdion of the cufle rosede. - b=a? (t)


    ,
    *=,,,-h- r=.,,*", il=, "
    ." €qurioi of rangenr h : y -y, m(x rL)
    =
    '.' ( I ! 0) stisfies.eh ol rhe two cu*es ,nd rhcy TB o
    hrv. l]]e samc slop€ ot uigcfi at n
    .'.y-b'2a(x-r) :.y-ar=2s(a
    -*,
    a)
    .'. Th. lwo .uves m rms.Driel ar ( 1 , 0) 1f; , 11-'"n* *.* .d!_y
    , . rh. p.inr G , s) li.i on rh. hg.nr
    Tl'. .qmtron tu ommm bcm' i\ .
    ...5 J=raG !) :.5 ai=6a ,J . . oI
    H = i ? ='(i) , '.- slopc oih. giv.n miSht linc b 2
    ...ar 6s+5=o ..G r)G 5)=o ': =b "(;),'h"" =;
    b G + ..-!= 1 ..r=2]
    ')
    @ Th. nultiplicarion ot rhe rwo 3lq.s = - | by substiot rnm (2) in ( I ):
    .'. .quarion orhgenr h y 1=2(.x l) ( I ! 2):difies ri. eqetioB ot h. iwo.ufld.
    '.' rwo rorrl* t{N-c =2 a,
    or y 2s= 10 (r 5)
    .. r+b= 2 (l)
    d r!.L
    Fmm (2):.'. y= +a :,x=rz
    c+t-7 ic=l , jlrornz"curc =-z cx .',Th.poitrts@:P !a)'( 2,-4)
    lqhs.nr
    0
    y=a1r+br':, '.'(l 6) srisfiB rh? clulrion
    ,,€t',.t9--, ,', Thc cquolion of L\e

    tfi=-z
    3a.=l ,...a=l
    !

    .. a+b=6 0) "=+ "=, , L\c equarion of the 2"i rstrgctrr

    0
    rhcdop€of rhegivcislslghrliie= l3
    '" @
    ..lql =rr
    FDD(r),(r),..
    "= +,b= ;
    .-. The eqnaiion ofln. t gmr

    6Dn (l), (2): .. a= Lb=5 .i(31=iG)=6 j{=or'*or*+


    , , (I) is conrinuous ar i ,', slop.orhsentatme poi ( I !2)=4
    =3
    E
    EI
    r"r y = x: rh" ho,i-nr,l li,. y = u in rh. poink ,',9+o=6x3
    ",b
    (6,4'( fi,") @ .'. Lhe orh6 poirt itr {hich rhe be.nr hs thc sh.
    .,=+, . p.- i (i ,o)
    ... r*,*s." (jl)n..,= z{" z:r*zr*!r=o ,. e{unon of rh. od'er be.nr 'l:T =a
    ,sroe€ofrmc. =(sG,4=I "r.o"a*
    'Ihc .q@doi of rhe fiNr hsenr :

    ,de..furedl4l =-r , ^=,G\, fi) by lubdiruc in .guation l) 4 y: + y: = 5


    ID
    sropcoroisd=*=3a'?3
    v u-o () ( |
    ...2,/Elt
    '. Tnlp6de.of tlerwodopd= I
    ,"r.n arr,. **,.r u"u*r (!r)."..,=, zG ,. {E slop. otthe giv sraiBhr linc=- +
    r Tn. &o hgEnB e orho3drl
    . . The eqution of the second tdscnt is I
    TB
    v "=-,GG.6) .. equrrionottuse (y- l)=x(x+2)
    *9="*u :.2'{;x+ y+ p) :

    .(-J,,.,=" ^=o
    byaddins0),(z):{1/ix=o,$ma=o
    .'. The poinr ot bnsen.y @ : (- 2 , 3) (2 7)
    ' '
    ... The e{ndions ol tmg$ts aft :

    ..fi=tx'-zx t rl-"
    ii. rh. eo hscft al*ays inr.n.cb in lnc poin!
    . (!rJ, ,., =o

    35
    EI xroe. or 6s.or !t ft eoh! (- I 0) = (9J( j ,o = * 6
    .. y=x++ ..9=r-a ' '
    '.' Thc ctrnc is synmeeric abodt y.arn
    ... r1," e.,.$*p, j),(, , *)
    , .' !h.slopcof drc3ivctr{rdghrliic= 3 rhm rhc .4@id of rh. nmd d ihis
    ' r-+= r , lt=-t" lDr
    -",-+=* ..3y=-2x 2 By rclvin8 th. two .quotios :

    @
    -f tr-.r: + y1= ta,rr+"1+yt= te
    ,U*, = i x2 z"x+"2=x'1+z^x+"2
    ..n"P"dr(1,*) rn g"rd,"poi ori",^*!o"po x' =) ..

    , Th".q""d-
    "f0"
    r,.s*t, y- i =-r(x-+) ..r,.p"-."(+.+) I @F.
    bt difieEotiariry n\e equrtion or rhe I

    ..jrD=z rn. e{udoi or rh. tuse pom,.r:==1/; ..!!=!jl


    !wkrr=t.'hmy=i 2,,-",*2"4=0
    say air x r=o
    b find $. intmetion poinr ol dre tugent vilh ty difceitiding tnc.guotion or fic 2 cuflel
    :n cqudiu or$c r,gc ;*+=2
    md
    u,,* r, !r=o q=:{j!
    , r".{*ri","t$" oa.,r, y*f = : (x* }) "*
    .'=i .,'",.,.nha(0'*) '.- Th. tM cuds m inr.M.ing onhoaonrlly
    @r
    '. @
    -;' v =-'
    @ Thc .4u!rion of ihc cudc is
    Puning y = 0 in th. cquand of rh. cun.
    ,fi=zx : !"uz A)
    , (r , v) e;i u;i u r' q*d*t s

    . y={so * : Th. k4rnt sd tn. nmd nrt dgld of ..-"'=9 o=13


    naNs 45' , 135'with ,:uie
    To get m. sbpe of hg. b rh. ctrd. al my point
    @
    ... T1E Doine of inr.Mrion uirh r uis .!r x
    dx.li= .. r(= Sthay=-6 ,', p.,nth(3,-6) by solviig th. rM e{u.idtu :

    ()
    , .' lho .qmrioi oflh. cbr i! :
    lothe.n.nDt.si${cles .. r(= 2rhay=-6 ,', pointis(2
    '-6) c)
    xz+t1 x+t! l=o
    , from ( I ) : ,', r.'? 3 I = y 5
    !n :uhstilurilg 6!m (r)
    by difl.Eitiditrg wi$ Esp6t ro I t=lx Ix *x-t r in (2) :

    ,.2yfl.tfi"t zx .4= .."f,=x-ttt-t


    |
    '-.[i:7 r nonaln
    ,.fi<zt-zt=r-zx..fi=ffi ,', The s.nr md dre emglesor ...y=-6ory=5 Ph.ny=,6
    j ft.slop.ofb&n.!tth.poi
    , x=.[i 7 neasffis 45" , 135' *iln ra uis
    (2 ,0)
    .. r?- 3.x + ll =0 hs io sh.ion inB
    ,'. x=5 dx=-5(Efu!.d)
    ,*t"or=5 rh*
    ," i((x ,=0 .. x=orh.ny= l
    trft.slop.ormmd=+, y =1E;-;= 5

    , , Tn. .{udiM of 0E nmrl .r thir poi : ...t.p.i"s*to,D,(r,) .-, r(J(-3)=0 : n-0 ,a=3
    !trd buch6 th. @ a[h. point
    (5 r5)tld it.qudim n: y-5 = (x s) oral-rx+I=-t x' 3x+2=a -,

    (a a (x- r)=o ..x=zu*r=] .'. sloFof rl8nr =2r -l

    3a
    EI ,.1tu nomdgu6x.ixh ar lhc p.lrt C (I 5 ,0) m
    ormmrtrj-=
    !r= BC=r0 5=s5rengrhunir,h.ishr=2rensrhtrtrir To gd rh. poinr ol irtMrion *nh :rixk punins ) = 0
    .. Theequrio'
    i r

    ./illt r
    .(*), .. rh" A*. = j "
    B5
    '
    2=35
    "q*E
    mir.
    =

    ..equtr mm4s: =i . .qudion orki$ n: I


    E] .', 'Ihe .une cuts x-un at (6 !0) 4 !0)
    '(
    == "'v=i -.-x1+y1 zx+ty u=a
    m .,..,!r,ro{=o
    l/ rhe rlns.nr ar the pomr G , rr) mt^d rhe cune
    . !r, lil
    elj
    ' ;f =.t Y' \-
    \.i
    \j
    ..i=+ Irl..{u'run ormnc r: h=t
    , .qudion or lne engcnr ar a h
    cury-uisinrhepoinr(0, 3) rr .'. The equarion or ungem is :
    .r!-|l =!
    w. solve equarion ol cng.nr ed .quation or th.
    1 lr. 1.nsd of the bN. = I ( 5)=zlenErhunir r-j=1t,-o .'. x+,1v z, -o
    cufl. sinulrumusly by puting y = .I
    r
    in .quarion .'. The hs.nr cub a uis ar (2 a , 0) . . Th. quriotr of bcs ' :- = j
    :. 11. ftmf rh. ridsh x, x r = r squm uir
    = + ,*ry.-t"a(0,:)

    .'. (r-a) (x'+ax+o1=3 al(i i)


    o ,', Tnc @a of rh. rcquiEd liogl. orvins(r),(2) . x=t t!-12.5
    ... a=roia1+ ar.+ J = rJ
    I: + a y: = m Gy dineEDtlarins sirh rcspecr b , = +,,,,:=,*"*t, ,'.ThcNoengensinrc&cringai(1, 12.5)

    ... a'1+sx 2;=o :(x-!)(x+20=o ..21+syj+=o .'.


    -Ih.
    riog le consisa of $. r-.r i. , ilE r*o
    @
    .'. x = a oi x = - 2 , ,, th. orher i eisedion rmg.ft ! ir heisn! = 12.5 lengn uiit
    ddi$bs.lcDgth=6-(-,1)= l0ldgthunir
    ! . dr point A (? , 2) srisfies d. equanon ot rh. cnn. (bydiffeE ieriDg *idr Especr ro,
    . . dop. ol hgenr atlhe othd poii! = I (- 2 !)l : AroorA= + x l2.s i rl)= 6!s l{um uii.
    . . IlE slop! ol the bn8ent at rhis point
    = 12 / =4
    (r a1 = 4 dnes i6 3ldp. on rhe , *,, *, '!r* r,4=n
    '
    =(:i)c.,,= i,",.e".r**1=a E
    . !!-j1 ):t
    E .. Th"
    "q-r-,.f
    d," tus*r, ij + =

    . Finding rh. point of tucency


    lnl ' j (? =a,sbp.ofbnsed=a
    ,, ,=r sopc or Ens'nr = I r.
    arx=2+h(2)=axJ(2)=axl= l2 '..qudioiofung.
    ,', Tn. Engli! .uk x-ais d n\. poin. B (10 ,0) =4
    .,. Poi ot hgen.y (2 , I a ve nnd fie srop. of
    ' Th..qu!!oiofbrgor';r =l
    ... ri (r=-r1x 4i (4 r(- 6) + 2xx l(4x- 6) Pur.ing Y = 0
    i ii o+ 2 " 2 " /(2)
    (2) =4 x 4
    . L\e eqdi dmml.t| =-l ,, fteknsenrcut x- isar(l ,0)
    i(,)=a"a"++a,r= 1z
    (
    - . Th. bsent cnh x ais at rh. point B 2 , 0) .. rne equrrcn of nomar i i.i
    is,#= r, , r* a*,." , *.., , =o
    , $e nomJ cub I air at thc poinr C (0
    '
    0)

    -L1 ,. BC=l-2-0 = 2lcnC$ uni. p(ing y=0


    ..'rh"**.r^ABc= + ", ", =, ,q,-. *i, .'. Theiomal cur r dis (l3,0)
    .'. Th. tiogle onsbt of ra {n , the rugdr aid '.' (1,-4)sdisn*ochof tier*ocuo.yrdrhc @
    nnal ud it @
    th. beighr = 4 l.ngrh unn
    '
    tu bde prcdud ofrhcirrop6 = I
    '.' Tx. point (0 , b) $tisfid so .qmrions ofths (I)(b) (r)(!) {3)(c) (4)(.)
    I3 I = lT l.Dgrh unir.
    lensrh=
    dM e inrMriig
    the

    -.- A@ofa: j x4 i l?- 34 squm unn


    j. Tlc im onho€odly d (t
    '-4) sdighi liie md rh. cune (s)(c) (6)(i) (7)(b) (3)(c)
    @
    .. IrE highr lim inl.MdE.lmd rhe poitrr (r !b) rsrrucdo$ ro sorve mnber GEI
    @l
    -.y=ri'1ri,2y=-x1-3x (t) ({)'*(})'=u rarn *,ta;s "r,r, ""p.o
    o n
    b find 6c point of inElBtion b.Nei 2 crves \2J
    .+(+i'.+(;i *!,=,
    ..
    i= 1x1- 6 r= 3 r (ir- 2)

    .'. tx tl:=or+tt: ...r r=1(x+r)


    ...a^I+a^|^!!=o
    By invenisariob sign or i re find
    :I O.+ 0'=0 . =;,n= GroP.orbns. u a.b)) i n n glriv.,orercryr€lo,,[
    " i.c. Th. hgen. mak., !i ob.us mgle wi&
    . . Tr'o eo cun.s inhering in dE . . Thc 2 cuR.s m inhcrins d rh. poinE ' . doF dr.hisht1i""=+=+=+ rhe pdsiriv. diEtion of lhe x aixs ftr cwry
    .. T4.sraigl liic rouchB dB (;lm 4 rh. poinr (. I b)
    xelo,2[
    which lier on bom or m.m for 0ny vdlE of tr.
    (fi).m r"'*".-zr r
    . I1E slop. or 6gcn! 6 n\. l'rcureby ,2, r,. lli =
    lq
    diftE apft! 1
    ,Llr)bd,","".*-?r ; inirg wih ro @r
    .,- tx ,)i(2 x) ( L) J(r-x)
    ..r,,-,,.r,!r=n .. =!_L=
    r.i Dill.Enna ,s .qudiotr or rh. cuflc v irh BDed ro x
    .
    tx 2f
    t41i -,h. r-,-.=- c1 rcrr
    r
    , rh. slop. of enged ro ric 2d cufle by L. t_ " !r=o ,rrr=5.... ri (5)--3i
    ,/ql . ,h. ,,.,-. =.1 ditrmnrkriig {irh 6pcr ro x ..li (-3)
    .,. Tt. slop. of bng6r @ lu cufl. r rhc sloF ol
    ..:,r.,,.r"!r=n - !a=.!-r =
    ",fiF
    ix
    -[
    taxt,',,,=E
    Fmm $. frsuE :
    ,i(-3)=Lh€dopeofdEbns.ntbtEcurc-
    =3
    r

    @gdlo2do.a(O,O)
    y! :li(5)= 3'rr 1 zm
    -'F
    .'. Thc .*o cund
    ,. fiir), ,,,,.lr'" r.*.= r
    not hgcnrial d (0 , 0)

    ft. eo e inh.ctins onhosotrrlly


    ,, v,,
    . . curcs ar dE
    ..-[x.x,t[=fi, [,, r.Atrljepoint(x, ,yr) .. i =;l
    ,(fi),,,,,orr'"2"*"= , l
    , 6. .qu{iois ot rh. Mo rug..ts @ : ...[r, *tF, v=1t[,.fi,, ... Ttuequdiotrorlne bg.nr h :
    : Ttc .lop? of rmsmr b [E l'r cuo.
    ,',ll= r i, .*-,*, =o G"r.o,E{)
    =Tn.dop.of @gorbrhez cw.=
    i Tn..*o.! * G hs.nriar lt (- I !2)
    3
    (z )t:i=- l i..r+ y- | =0
    ..+-+=tri.lt *.x',v xit,=-*x-*x,
    imd
    , rh. eqnrrioD or ar Inir poiir
    ,'8,.,[r,='l; (tumore.qm,ion) i.. xiy +1,(=xiy, + a'.x, = Jx, + J r.,
    h:y-2=+(r+l)
    ...+.-!=l/;
    .'. Th. rwo cuftr inhelng or lnogonolly a! lne Purr=0..v=E,odv=o
    @l .'. Thc 2 iirerc.pted pMs Ircd 6c des .oedintu

    "'ar4=ox-s
    , rhe cquoriois orrh. !*o hg r@: *,fr[,86 . . Thc bg. cua rh. r*o ares ar rhe rwo points

    .(qJ,,,.,=, rl"t,,".= 1qGr1q1f, =G0E.1[)


    ..(--,,,, ,,=- |
    =166="=**h. .'. rh mrofthehrqh=+.lg . 2x =2a:
    h $..une Pury=0:.. r=;rr-r) .x=-r 1!= ...x'-ax*rc=tx-x't
    (,r) L\e hs.nt y =x+ c loucncs
    ".r+,,"r+==
    Pu' r=0 )-r=;3 ..y=6d .. tue, =+ , . y:=sc r rh. di&dminer h n*ative
    rh=,+" ,; =i codiiat
    ,

    ,'. Thc Engent.ms.s (ne lies ar rhe ,.. TlFr s m poi.t of intM.ion
    ,*p"*(",*"),(+",") Lr(sL,h,)b. !pointof r sercy.
    ..13lt+12)i-0,d(a'b) FordE f ft {a, , b:) b€ r p.inr or hclrcy
    ";i= *{+)''( +)
    '
    ,',l3o+32b=0 .'. 13r+32(i+c)-0
    3rc=O r,.=+. .(+")'.cr'=" *r-+r=6r .
    ..50r+ ."r0,=+
    ..b=+.+" ,"=*" ' !l ':=nr ,h!l]=k!le-el=]---:
    (7 ) Ir. rhc hgenrdFwn fiom rh. poi ( 4!0) o,, "l a t,i-e",. mt
    ' ' (a b) lier on rh. cury.
    ' ' rouchcs rh. cu e y: = 4 x ar Ge poi (r b)
    '

    .t=i'tyl,.b=t' @l
    /!r\ et
    ! rr-;=.F
    . L=l . h'= loFor2'odebsd,,:i=a 2a
    1r +s
    i /!lt d,
    ...J=2s ..c=rt "..
    . + b'=s
    "
    .. b'= 16 FDm(2),(3):2 0r 6=4 2a,n5cna,+!2-5 (4)

    (s ) '.' rt. Fa.ndicula to th. cun. .gur


    pe fmm rhe cordinat ms
    cuLr

    . . IlE hgdthuchcs m. cure ar rh. Mo poitrb


    ,..y'-4, --r"#=o o,,-"i a r"i o',.tot_,.
    .'. T1E slope of rhc Prr.ndi.ule =1 I
    . !L I . rllt ,, .,-\ o

    ,..sy'=).' ' 13yi=r'I' i=fr .'. The lensh olrh. M8. 3cgn.nt
    .'. cquuonol tug! r-=l '.x t+l=0
    =11 r6 ta,j ",-6-',1 ,l hl'.",',ol -
    ,', 'Ih. uig.nt cub i uis ar B I
    (- --+_=]Jo
    :. Tlr sloF of rhe hngmt . =tl(,4:or={64_
    =4{5lencthmirs
    '0)
    ft!
    Tl,. dm oI ue mmal :+ (3)
    or nomal - I
    ..oo ",, o-",r;-r "1*u", *
    .'. = '.eE,iu il =

    .. =!t=* r ..r='1J ... Tte Dolml cuts l-axis ar C (3 , 0) ..ro a,, ,5*t0", "i 7-.1
    '. rhc poinr (o
    'b)edec@. :eb':=!r +6"1-]0= a1+22",-n
    ... BC = 3- (- l)=4ten3fiunir ...2 tri roa, + s =o ..ai-5rL+a=o

    '+.=, i!=4 j\ (l
    = I rh.n br =5 , poinr '5)
    .'. Th. mr of the quadrillhl BCED

    = AEtr ofl ABC + ARo or ,\ ADE


    : eqdion oI hcm. h Ei = - a
    :6r'1*=z,x+3x'
    =I ^a^r+ ! ^rx r=5suduni,. i!.4I+y9=0 orar=4fi.nbr-2

    .u=o '*=*.*. B
    To fiid rh. p.inb of inktudion by solviDg rhe rwo ., doF orbsor is, , equtidof@g. i.xrtl=?
    ,r Tleequidolo.bsoth: y a=:(r !) A,,hce.td(#,fr)
    Ol
    @E E!
    ,=r + ..!I=zx!I
    m
    '. Th. da or rhe circle (A) = a I
    IEr

    (1)(b) (r)(d) (3)(rrl (4)(b) (s) (b) (6) (.) u s-9r=rr !{* u,4ll,r,
    .--3 :.2n2=2x+\tx2-t
    Er
    -..x'+y'-tx+ty a-o r.neeoiiih:(*,4 : i=21cm ,..,-A r
    "
    .*!a*t,it r!I*sh=o Ol :,21-21xt t-[
    (1)G) (2)A) (3)O) t4)G) (s)(d)
    !1p x 11+.!rpy*s,=o (6)fi81: (b) Inl
    ... seond: (.)
    (7)(d) (8)ld) (9)o) (10) (b) or)(b)
    {!=+ 2 x2m x-qq= 2 x l2o i60 + 2i 16l) r 30
    02)(c) 03)(o) Oa) (,)
    4(2,3-4)+!.rc, l+s)=o i 4J=:1 hr:AB=AC=x.n I
    Et
    Et
    fi . !1=r Er o\
    t\
    (t) "!r = zm./mn.
    -!-L !l \,
    dt1\
    ;32=Sxq
    . zx!t *2, lt_zLL _a !t=o . s=L,!l ..x'+,r2i=y': fl, , \
    , '.- A ABC is is$.16 dBht 0nglal ti.ngle
    ,..2y4I=2y !r 1t1
    .. ec=1F**=xf"..
    .zr!{*z,!{*z4{ a 4{=o .. n. p.r*r., er = z x.{ir=p -{z )r:
    Oll
    q I . =lritiE=.rs -.
    .-. y
    Di{d. by IA rhc l.n3rh o, rhc Bronglc =
    _!, =
    (, -1i, )H
    ... n.*"iet= Fmm(l):2x9ilI=2i15i
    :. ).+! = 1 -!=l-x - (2)
    : rr,witu= +n ]r, = (2.{r),r=(s.4,/r)"*.,*.
    2

    F,!h (l) r'+(l -)d+21-4(l -r=27


    ..
    '(2): lo.c]
    1x1+2x-ts=o,,,(r+s)(x-3)=o i..n. *.."* *it *r*ity f ."i.in.
    qr
    If,fihll.ry$=J(,*idrh=.r20
    ,', Tne Doin$ @: {- 5 2) .'. Tne @(A) =.r(r 20)=11-mr :-o.72=12xLxOI2 ... [-]cn. V=Lr @r
    '6) '(3 '-
    ;,!a-12r-m1!I ... lll=31'1!!-3 x 3, x or2 = ola cmrmin.
    ol , *[e. rhe widrh = 30 m. r J( = lo0
    S=p, lm-zo1-oox=-rs".1*. @l
    ..:r.{-{+r!-{ 4ll= o k. rh. length ot rh. .ds! ol nE obc L
    lDl (I )volure(v)=Lr .. !1= rr,'!!
    7i =3 L:,o.ol .., L= 50.n.
    -.. s =1(ro):+(50)']= r30cn.
    ...2xlL+qla-zlZ=o .'.!L="^,, Y.-"^,, n--,rr r^rrn^-!:=z^r:o
    - 2ri+ 4-z=0
    ,rhdy=-6 :nEDoidi':(-1,-6)
    .., !!= tz l!!= r:, so"oor = r-l-io.
    tD
    #&
    ,whci:h=40.m,r=1cm. a i.c yr+y?= (6.s)'] ... , y'= (65)'
    Ixr rhc di$&cc bcrween lne upp .nd ol ue ladder
    .., 116
    . {= r., Lr'^oros *r r omrr .'n'euppderdord'.hd'le,r,'l'dr*= I
    rfi m
    ",rn ^,u " ^

    r s4= rlro*,,!r*, r! ! @ @
    Thc volumcolrhe vdcr ii lhc.oni!in$ = ]r I h L.r rh. renflh of rh. rodds : L unir

    Lr
    y,+y,= ,t
    (By diffeEDri ins wnh Esp.d ro x) 2rq+)!!r=o lf '\,
    '1 '\
    4I=:-1.4 I \
    , ljl =a m,hii. , *hcn : x = r

    t0

    ,i,1e=r.. n=,n.""
    , rhe

    .. rr,"
    coMiier h€.om.s full of s,

    -"".- r.--* n u {=xo*"


    . . .t =\\rd -P =,a -. ...!-I=l!-k

    6
    =l!unir./*..(k'o) A
    "r,*
    .'.!.l=26.oso!a ! = %, |"!9
    *i"',=q x!l*: !r=n .l..
    : v Ir .ri
    ..q=#*",r,0.,, =n! rhl
    .,=@r=?m"-
    rc,o x 60 = 6000 ri
    !r=:!.!n ,"r,."0=a
    a ,rh* x=200",., y=zoo{i".. *
    la
    -
    @
    @
    ..zr!{rz"!r=o rD
    !a = =rq ^,o =:4[.- /.."

    . . Tlre flc of desending of thc upps .nd of !h.

    *hen, h= 150 ,m.n:

    ..42= r5ox2x!a . {f
    O=a Ll' : Y'6m
    @
    ,ro*=38..r,."

    (l)lc) r4)O)
    = rz -ar.r" 2 ! 2.5:0.3+2 x6 xq= 0
    (5)(c)
    ( 3)Ia) ( 9 ) (c) O0) (h)
    E (B)ld) U4) (c) (ls) (c)
    @
    (r3) Ic) (r9) (d)
    qr=,1!!rnhrr.4rI *;[Ei'l:v' rn" *, (A)=rrl+2r,h (2l,) {b)

    =2:xl +2fitt zt m-*.-armr,aa..=1-r-,

    !il =z +en? =t when rhe upp.r .nd and the 1o*er movi4 by rhc @
    ''Th.l.i8rh dccfuss by nb I cm/s(.

    = j "
    o oor =o.oor.-ni".
    i1[ i rr!-I-2"!a=o .. Afrer I s6.

    ''r]le vidrh
    $e

    incE
    lensrh beNmes

    Abyft +.n./€c
    : Ati{ r se. rhe *idrh becmd = 5 +
    + r @ @
    ... ri. nH(a)=(r-o (5 +
    +0
    .
    when dE

    ..D +,
    flgre b.@mc!
    r=s+
    o squ@
    ,=r+*.
    , me hngth ol rhe bm. of rhe

    Th,*,,A,=f^rh^h=li'
    ti.iSle =3h
    (,F)' ',?-,'(i)',f=i
    !4=l..ar"* = o r: -a;"o
    ,=+*" ... {!=It !!,*h.n,r,=scn. =,o1r:r{i-]oo
    e1=+U,,) t5* +,) ,(
    sf=ofi. TD
    ,i[lfu ^q
    r, !!=oor.-r*..
    ..6-+'-5-+,=o ..r=,"*. ... o.zr= q
    '!l .. d, J, li fie l.nst or .he diagonat

    ,ddA=0, r). (5 + j)=60r cnl @


    tit k lne ler8ths ol rh. so sid* or rh. righr 5ngl.
    \
    /d-l
    ,,F .tr r".o!s.:+r,;r
    .'. T.e leigrh = 11 atkrniid**'05+,)"..,(ro +r"0. 'd'"="i'iE[.10 ^_,-_."
    + l,3l *
    ( I ) Th. pdinerd or n\e cchglc (P) .. rh" *"A= 1'
    r(,.+J=,x.e j ns *o po- j !) ... rh" *".ta1a1= : The dre of decEss or rh. ma = 60 cml /hi.
    =

    oo=?1t^us
    -. . 1-.; ..,r=rso+l:,--lt .{t=!: 1, @
    ; -';
    - (l{).=,=2, r-li',=,**" ...1{11 =?I I "i= rr"-),-,. kr ln. hngihs of lwd sidd of rhe triansle ft L rM

    (2)when!!=o .r* +.#=" ,*r,- 44=o ?: l, =o


    and rhe msre b.rw.en rhem h € !!)
    +
    e= j r-u e
    --7 ".
    ..x-2,'{i,-,'r,-y=21G".. +'=+ ...,=12.5minur.,. !a=lu.r"s!-L*lr -ery
    rh.n the mr ol rhe trimgle
    ,
    *+rv*,e!9
    @
    =rso*f;. rzs j -rrz.a'
    ,qh.n: I=M= I0 ,0=a wh.nS=50m,fienI=40m.
    Foe (r):2 i 41) x 2s =2 x 50 x!j
    @ qa=1.,0.[.0.,-1.'o.E.o,
    o-Lll+*4!
    .r L=l$ ...2 x!1*2 9=z L!:.
    .1,,'* " 1" 1 !n
    " la L\e dimnsions ofrhe cDboid iE: x,x+ 2 ,3 _r
    wh.n:x=3,y=15,2=17
    i. The eollmc (v) - I (.t + 2) G! = I xr + 6I2
    @

    :si:=zr-!!+z*!]l o=1"!-!.lr!r
    sql=Lg!+*!r 9i('+ 121 60=o ...3x2+4)r-20=0
    rllo'.0d.!:=oo.o*:o : , ehen : b = 3 cm. , rhen a = 6 cm
    ,'. sfi x=2 or i=: !9 (rfrrsed)

    .'. Thedimen ons of rh. cuboid @ :


    @ 6 o @
    L!( lne dim.isids of th. ruboid !rc : (x L z) '.' 'I'lre sd leaks ar r .nc x L.t DH : rcpEsnb $. nm
    '
    ... 91= I cm/mii ,!1= 2cn,hin. . !r= Y s=1Gjl*(y-)r' s=1/G:rtrT ,rh. disr e besecn rlle Dan md

    I
    rr'. -r"." .l. ,pr,". tn = J- t .. s ={x *r-z:r*:r,*s
    m
    . {r=11{1+xr41xz
    "r
    ,..2s !l=(4r 2)!{ , th.lcngth of rhe sshadow=y

    ftc dhei@ *hich the od of tnc


    .. s ={o '
    =16)2 \-2+2,6\ I xU =216cn]. tnia,
    , Lr th. ditrtrioB of 6. cuhoid 4 my rim. arc l
    . !!=:L rrlm^!:=t^rfi ( 1 ) Fnm rh. cimilldty or ABc , DHc
    Tnc ma or rh. sph.E (A) = 4 n I !D r.y=Ad=T
    .'. 'nc v.lum (v) = (6 + ,1(24 2r)
    .. x+! -4 ! ."x=lv
    !l=2(6+o(24 2o+(6+o'(-2) r= j oe, x= ] , e , r=r x
    .
    qa
    =a r,. :1=:11..'r,...
    =2(6+!)(24-2r-6-.)=?(r+6)(13 3t) q4=r!I (rr
    .. 13 3t=0 .', r=6hin. :. rh nrc or daEasins or ma = ? cm'?rsc

    @
    @
    rd $. l.ngth ol $e bas ol tne pymid
    . !a-lZ*4rl= z- 1= 1-t*.
    '.118slopcor6se (m) =q=4 6x'1
    = th. heighr or rhe
    pyrmid = x
    '@= rrt!l @l
    .: rh. rc,m. o, dr pyBnld x cml
    3
    = + ,!I.L kt rhc dis6e bdween the
    ... !r= 1l oxl!! man ed rh. bae of rhe hmp = I
    ,.,-5=(a-o.ar!2 ...!4=+ r, .i?
    = = r_4

    .'. Th. lcngd or the bar or the pymid = l0 cn.


    !l= Eil ..f=-rso".r*..
    .. rz, z, ! = o *i ";,*. 'Ihe 0M of rhe rcguln h.xrson *hos side length .x
    !l} (,)+=#3=?
    TIe de! o[ rhc .inle (A) -na !n A=9r,@r!s=:i;l
    ..41= r r
    '!: *='f'# '=?"
    . !-r= 1!i= f
    (L) z s!l=zir ,!{ (|f ),=,"':'/1, ro,-o r = r16"-ir*" ^

    . rh. ci€unf.Enc. of rh. circl. (C) = 2 nr


    (2)s1=r:+(3oo)': zs!l-zr!I
    ' B , vh.n:.x = 3oo - s'?- (3oo)':+ (3oo)'l
    ... !!* zr,t=zn,-L=! rr," *".ru" *r"t* r,! = f x'-r f
    .. s={6a+36 = ro a,-lx'at ... s -3m{rcm.
    :oot[ ! l- 16, - 1to
    i... Th. circurr.lu. of rh. cirle is pDponioMl
    f =4r-rf H .'.

    (lf),=,"=r ' ro
    "-, f, ou = tes"-:t*" ..
    fi=-zsl':.-**.
    51
    @ : 4-!-4+.4-t= 6-4 =-,on./min. @
    M's nh ( r ) 1rre volumc or &c mordd
    . . Tne end oa nE sh.dN app,r&h6 by
    ... !r ^t=4 ftl ^
    t Sr tz
    l0 m-/nin. ntrn lh. upp.r poiit of dE inclin.d

    ,d ] -3 = Thc volune oI oobr spheE


    !: ^ !:-rrl
    @ - l]le volhc of L\e inner spherc _.-
    ^
    r !4 i'^ -L
    Difi.E iadoS vilh Ep.d b rim ."=i,1 *,.i=i"r1 4r 'A'=ior"l.r
    . q= rrrr,,1! ,.,5t ,*r,"n,4r=r".lr.-.,4!=2r".?r'..
    zx!a+2"lt=o ..0= 1,lr^,r ^li r^s^,1 .. r qr=1^arl 4=1"-,-"
    "
    (mE of o\.n3r of the ]M's sh!do-)
    4t= L!1
    {2 )rlE@or$e spheE (A)=an,j Fmn adio (r): r. a=!r:!l=ri+ + =a ri m1
    ,,.6=-L=--l-=-l
    ... !r=:f ' I =:-1-r-i" ..,r=3rL.-=3r.9.+ Ets
    :. ,( =
    I @t 0 (difr.Enti.dns wirh GsFd b I Th. @ of &msing rh. pojErid lengdr ol &e =ancn3rce. L.!rlrplrsuE=P, volumc = V
    ..4=9r *J er !9 k .'.k=!-r,
    (3)L.rthethickk
    .a* mg.-a= ]..,u".
    wl,-,r=3.6
    'd*o=G"'(+) . o=1! 1i= + r=.r..;*.
    ..,.r=9,-(+)'* 9-4, Ela
    J=-.-,* h.a. EI
    , whcn P= lc{o cm.*U.nl,v = 25Ocnl
    d, J \'+_ ... PxV=1000x250=25m00 (,)
    '*=l+t** une=1 'l \ ! gr= m-i;o. . "=f ,r ( dirfcrcnliaring siL\ rcsper ro t )
    {$ oum) + ... !:=a,1,,31 !t"v*4,p=o
    (ditrcoMbns Esp..r
    B q
    whcn: i= lo ...
    *Je!9= I
    20=4r(rofq
    "are=$
    wh.n rh. pE$urc
    'rl,c @a (A) =a n I *='r'*
    volume = l0o cml , $en l]te

    ik=l = 2500 sn.vr"/cD?


    @
    l,!t rhicL of rh. ie it My insbrl =r cm.
    (1|)..," =', n,.,.,=-r= .,.-1,*
    .,=,,+,="+, ,', Ti. volumc ofrhc ie (V)
    GI @l
    -!qt*a'tn6f (,)rlDl:(.) ed,(b) ', v = I x R ( diiieEnridbg virh Esper b t)
    . t.! _L i !:= a,r (6 + r,.!-I {6){c) (7)G) (8)(,) ... !-:=rq!*R q
    , m=rnro*xt,,;| ... )t=4 @
    '. v=lrr .
    {l= r *r,.,*
    ,jf=-}o.*,'/*
    ..2(-o=r(41 ...4r= I -,,-n. '
    ',' rtc ourq su.re. mr (^) =., n (6 + ,'1 when:v=rzvoh ,I=2 p€E
    ..s1=3"o*r,{} . n=i= f =0"r,..
    ... T1l mc ofdeEains of ihe lcngrh ol n\c mm s ..41= 3a.qty
    = s,, ro,:!= a.-r-r.
    "q@ins

    .'. Ti. tr aE dc,.M ty nr.4 cn?/min. ,(H)'=('",-*)', I =r,4!+6 " + ..-q!=2ohdsc.


    G m a
    q l *ill more a dkran.e
    rh" 6i = -! ..
    ? (50) =2
    (r0) o0) + 1(4{) (- ro)
    ' man

    ..nEmasrcorrhe rl .'.\=rot*tL {to so , rhc dinln.c berseen h'm

    (l) od dE p.mr c ettu.ls 10{l)-50r a


    .'. The rwo ships sd tlnhn fod c!.h om.i 2 (40 0 G0 + 20) cos 60"
    marcs wirh rhe posirilc dn€dioi ' , rh. 2 nai slll move r disrmca
    ... 2 2 r2o r* 20) (zo) + 2 (4oo (10)
    "4= ,
    GI (4{) (20 r + 20) 20 (10 d
    , " n(1Aox)=30' t . m(1BoA):60o ll oclorkmomiig,.'. r= I hr. so , the disrrce betwen him md th. poinr C oqul

    rrGrrh. rim. intnd t minutes ftur Ihc or


    'noving
    /,/ ..2 ! 40 x!f=2 (.10) (20) +2 (ro) (40)
    . . The s{tum ol thc dlsaD.e belwen the trvo frei :

    poi'r A n'oved (r + I ) m'.des (10) 20 (r0)


    ;=(rooo 50 o: + ( looo - 1oo l)':
    ! thetr rhe - ,10
    '.2 s !-2 (loo0 50t)x 50
    so, the porr B oErcd a distu ce OB = 6 I metn
    +2iluro I000 i l0o
    ! rhe point A roved !distlic. OA=4 (t+ 1)

    =(4r+4)ftrla. .. r'!!- 2 , 562500 r * l r25o 0 !vhen:1",1


    "hcn
    :r= l00omectr

    , lel the drbnce betren th. rwo poi i A , B b,i S


    ir The rwo nen apprd!.hs by mre 100 n"hrin.
    ,nod aler t miiuB rDm moviiS ol B lbei
    s:=(AB)r (oA)r (oB)l
    = +
    ,lrcrcqudio.(l), . s =r5 km
    ...q'e!9= ror'!-I .'. I]le rwo mn b€8in b div.rge fro'n ea.h o$er
    ... sr=(ar+al+ (6r): r(ar+a)r6rx+ . r.r54=z^5br5h ^ + U:50
    -l
    ' A=1!l!t*n EY
    fi(2 ninur$ Irom movinBorrh.pDinr B *"rr0".1+=,o(,o1,[)',!a
    0 .f =-,0.r". ... rhc \p.ed = zo r
    ^ec
    (BydifcEnri4ingsqu idn(l) *n[flp.r ro ri'no tit
    .'.2S\-56i+3 .'.2x12'q=120 q

    ..y=i20:3=15cm
    s =(r6J + ( l3,l i
    @ 2(16)(130cos120'(l) cn./*..
    L:."8 moves rowards O' by v€hny
    "-.., ,".-= (.
    7 5
    . z, !r=:rrs rr, rr+lo. rg
    n" +)h.
    ,/. , =a,1,*11 , s =60, B
    ;,4 Alier 4 hours frcm rhc b.ginnltrg
    I
    /, ofrhc norion
    .. ,'= rooo (r- {)'. rooo

    Fnmrhcfisurrsr=(l0r)r+(50- ro0: (1)


    .. rx36{i!!=r" rsi 2! rs+16x rs
    ..,s4=r,oot+ +)+ zoo,
    wr'.",=m .i",*= jr
    q=sot/it.",r,. oflbepulluy
    i
    ..2, t\= 2 r3oo r3o) +2(50- lon (- ro) ..!=q{l*.,r, ,,r,*
    ''
    = zo{ir-. ..
    'Bc=24 h,AB=50 (24 h)=26+h

    55 56
    .,1/; ID
    (26+h):=x:+e4t l3 rh€=1= l:x r
    (r)
    .'. 2 (26 + h) !!= 2r!I ,*'eia= +x i !-: m(1n)=n(zz)-m(1k).(otr) 4=r! !l
    when rh. md €rches rhe .nd ol rh. base : y = t 2 cn.
    fDn cqldioi (l), (%+h)1= E1
    .LL
    , t600
    2L
    !:= 11^r=!..,*.
    . z (26 + la) 4I= 2 x 32 x rs
    i1':.4 'Diffcrcnliac airh rspqio i"
    =i q!-rrr+!r '.r ra.,t^di m
    sErm
    ^

    E . s..^s-!=lq-l-!^!l
    a , *hcn A remhs ro dr. poi (2 , o)

    =arior^M, MrMr { *"*-""rr.


    =jro,nc=j,zx,y
    h-=+ ".- +
    = {"2,.2,,'i"ro" +",'=(1,5-iJi)r 't -;i=--ir'-
    ---1i I
    .1*i= *
    H=,(6 +,),,:+ "dJmr.
    =,(16 +,r)"ro,r , ind 5 s.mnd f6m rh. 6.siming or rh. morion @
    = (1016 ron)cmrmti ,*.iindrh OA=2x5=l0utrir3.
    ..r=zotl.qr':t_L rs=d rs

    E
    ...:i= 3, (5f, r =7s h"crh mirsoid. #-+qq,,'"h--=ro.
    ,=+* .. !r= 33.6-7s..
    Irlry=fi TD . p=1]ei? i...]h.shsdov of rhe ball mov6 bwaids rhe
    . !r= ]:ll ,"r,"" Fnm de siniltuiry ofrh. tiangl.s pmjdtion of &e ball o' me gound with
    '=,
    1C;7.; 3
    '?;i 5
    @
    .. U r"*'r' *,-,*. .y=+=r519+x1 l
    =+

    (2 ) Lllhe dkhe (oA) = s !r= 5 . - I (e + xt ; . , x ^ !-]


    ,whenBa!D,6enI=4cm
    IndoAA . dlf raaemr A-B ! =tt_s
    ,*non,r=1,rr,h:y=2,S=216 ,AA1Bo ... (oA)':= oA x oB rh.Bcof sridinsrhe d B orft.d- mrmitr.

    d
    3
    i (D':=xk : k =*= r(- m (r5 s)r12-12sx( r) ds
    . da --
    '; (,'-$'-'a,
    ..uG!j=c"r*z^r
    ,ail-2 ,-+ = "o . .!!= ,ro .,r_r.r,,
    as m sir.
    ..$f - (j)',r=- rzr",ro*rt.,"". {DitfeEntiaring vilh rlDed ro ,
    !. zro tE *tt !4 o , o", =o
    'l]In s=,r 4,,. (i) 1,5 h! {lnc inirial heichr) = , n = , t o - +x
    = '

    _dl= L3o
    : . ls - o 3 . +I= 0 01555 m^(
    .'. Tte Elatiotr 6e!w@n h and r h lin. and
    :
    .'. Th. mi of rhc E.6sl. = I6 x 4-2 r 4r= 32 m:
    Ix : a,sur (b) i5 $c riEht ,isrE.
    (r)(b) (2)G) (3)O) (4)G) (5)(b) TD,
    Th. re of incrcxsins of thc
    Inin'diDns ro sohc iuhe m 4L=-k(loooo+xl '(2!1I volume (Y) oI lhc com h !f whoc
    ( I ) la L, , Lr , ... ! L. b€ rh. sid. ldgihs of qt= 5!- 12= 2.2"-:A*
    a polySotr

    ..P=L +L,+_ +L-


    .
    '
    P bc

    ql ----r--r-....-r
    rh. pdim6 of rhe polygon
    ,!L
    =jrrr iV
    Afb 2 miiutes fmm the b.ginning or poudns r=-[ll6.ltl'j1 !-1 +'
    t-t.z= i^. Bvdivd'tr!,,,, |:.1=]=+ .,= + (+.)'
    "
    .#=-" .i'+irrl=r .i=4.
    i€. nE p€dmdd in.@&s 0t mrc (m a) cm./$. @l
    DiffcE iar..quatioi (l ) wnn Esp.cr b timc
    ( 2)AsDm.V n the eollmc of ihc wer in lne

    lmallerunk od dc wtur heisht insidc n h hL ..,i:+ rc-L)*=.- @l


    ,

    bk
    v: is rh. volum. ol lhe varc. itr n\e bisis.r

    ud dr. wa&r h.isht ifuidc n is h: .,"9.* ,t, +t'+=,^ aa rd $e vourc of lne cone {v)

    ,...v=,I'1h .. v] =n i (4)r x hr = 16trhL


    '',!t-;F @ lh. hp€zilm (A)
    , r Le ma oIln. wad lunoce (A) = fi i':
    .'. The or
    r=I
    =jizx.et,t
    ,v:=tr x (O1x h2.64 rI h, . sa=r,;^!l=rr^[^-L
    drd,:{'ii =(1+3)h=[*G h)+3]xh=6h ih'
    = ? ft.r-r".
    tu = i "(i,)"
    , .. rh*M bks e beins 6len d drc s@
    =0, j ],+,-j=-,.:"-:r"... : Ihr
    . dvL-dv: v=

    " A6acB) I ua/ @ ! t],. volutu of.h. wara in [E cylind.r


    ..
    '6
    ri di-64rI; = ri; h,=n(50)1h, .ii="*";
    dh .'. Tte ma ot lhc s6ncle (A) = I ( 16 - 2 JO
    . j,.,l* : d, =tmr!e. , Nncn.al wlu. foroof $c on.
    =
    .-L=l '16x-2x2
    .' $e

    (r)','Thevolutrorth.cylindci(9=trlh .,.41=(16-ar!I =ine fl.ncal hl@ for 4 of &e qlhdcr


    ,e',..
    dr=r I d! , 4=-*r-r shei!a=1 , a=3.m.
    ..Ir,,!!=zsoonl\ : r= tm"-
    .dI = -^." . f = r.z" r, $ =o.rz".'r"". !a=rro-r ^r,. l= r.-1,*
    59
    @l Affcr6mjDrs: r= 3 r6 = 13 mh.
    TtE ditrnsim oI th. cuboid rr a nyichr e :

    .'. Ths hlum of rh. cuboid ar uy ins@t


    :. 2 \ 42 tOL =2 x ts x ! +2,36 \ 6
    v=(3+20(4+902 30

    ... !:=x- rsr- n, I4I = u..)*.


    @--l
    IltlE diaSonal ofrh. cut id=L
    :. t1 = tt + z, r)' + (t + g' + ez I rt2

    ,,,!!=,,, *,u,,*,,n.u*,u, tu ^- t

    I d/ | _r,r.6*6,-r_?.mrs
    . ,s !l =, x !.1+,, q-L
    gll
    afr*,l{)ec.: y=,rc x 150 = 6000 r.
    4=r.,ro.
    .,, 2 i ?ooo x:ll=2 x 3000 x75+2 x @oo x l5o

    . tl-d-!=zx!Z*2"lt

    61
    Answers of exercises
    Unit Two:
    The calculus of exponential
    and logarithmic functions

    V tl
    fl lgehraic pre-requit€ments r6,,Ll.::(r+HlL)
    lnx(x-3)=o I(I-r-eo=r
    o
    (I)(d) (2)(6) (3)(d) ({)(d) a=l , b= 3 , c= I

    E : s.s.= {1n r ,hr}


    ..x=;r+fi .x=; rfi (rcrurd)
    -r')=r-r'=r
    =,:1, ([,,-,r,]'-r,
    ... s.s.={lo3}
    I?
    '\Lj: (r-i)
    .. ss.= {.r} : s.s.= {o}

    ... s.s.= {25}


    .r=-{hA
    .. ss ={1rin40, {ln40} = L. [,r+"D|1]=.2 -L

    1=dr
    "".={+} @E@ isr Lih l--Lf = Lin I!-tL:-If

    2l
    o
    ^!_ ( 1)
    ,L'':= (' ++),1,=c,
    l
    . x=h+ .s.s.={rtr+} r. ss.= {rn r}
    (,).Lra t0 r+)'l+=J
    os)2rn(r 3)=h(a+5)+ln4
    ... s.s.= [tn lo] .. h(r l)':= h4 (r(+,
    (3),Ll: (' ++)'
    ldy=+,d""x"i =nTrn tI +m,1 . (r+ mi
    .1 s.s. =
    {!!L1}
    (s)er-r = + ,,-.='+ r} ... L'm lt+r)r= L,m lil+vrrl=.i
    :. s.s.= {r
    re, L'm t&-1t"'= L,r /r+ !Lt"a
    ss=r: , r4r"Ll:(,+il
    x=los?25 .. s.s.= {bgr r5} )r=o or 1-e" r=o u.-f,*,,=fr i y+0
    (x wheii+6'm+0 . r_,-,r,,,i,-= r_,.,r _",i..,
    00)li (r+,)-ln 2)=lo4
    :P=4 ., s.s.= {",;} .
    .Lrm.,I + m,n = (rr + hF) =e, = Lm lrl +v)r! rrl+!f=e-rr=.'
    "m,
    rs (r+i) r,, t lL,ft" = Lm ir
    '.Lji_ 'ro' -Ll"
    : s.s.= {3) ,'= +."," ..ss.={-+hra}
    = ,Lj,_ [(r - +)']' , Ir - +]' = ; . r.= r '*,,=+- +
    *hen,(+e r,. ].dl=-r= r,. rPll-r E.
    ,rr, r,, 4i-t h, or,
    "= "inx ;, ,r,Liml9!I
    to'"r
    = Lin
    t
    ldx I =y
    =P"[r,-,ri] '"r,.rr'
    I
    '!h.nr=y+
    Li- .o" I ',' y+0
    ,ll, r,. ii.L k,"="in] "
    =ln r0 x l =ln l0 . Li. b3.J*rr=1",.
    d.r
    E Lr. 3!-I = 1,. --L=!!a=b" ,
    d-r hb n
    r|| Lm ! :L=r r,. dl-r=r^r=r y
    _'i^-0" whdx -o ,tEny+-
    rr., 1,. !]]I!=r Lim hir+rs=2^r=2 \ rr ,

    ,,, 1'-t-r . Il, o - 3 h'r-" = ,LrjX (r - +)'= J


    ''',-or-,- 5r -5.'-or-i- ""-r-4,,-4
    ir -5 -5
    rL L,. I-!:=q r,, t.r=q^r"r=qr"r (3) lj"*+ l"tx-6=y,0,dt=y+6
    ir, Lm.il.}:t= rir td:-I.-\)= r * |=2 rn,r+lr1- r 1,. hL,'lxt
    (ro Lim
    tit Lin !--:-L- Lin z- !! :l! 1,. !j:r: = Lim J^{.r=c"r=""
    14, Lm i-"'r-r- um li1 rsl\ _1,,_l ro, r_im Zi=1 (a) lg," o +a
    =
    "i"'i-Dd'
    04 djJ = 1ri- dl:l=2"tia=2tii
    Lim"

    l,s' L'm i'=L


    rrs, Lrn rosfl.:r) Lrm lELLlllg i -L
    los(l +2l] nultiply by .onjug& or th. dcnoninaior yilr- ir +y,, =,Ljr (rI +/D) =e-
    =2 Lim un l-:-! h,
    Lim __L
    = ^
    ln I + y + r1= h ) ^, = )
    , s, 1,. ilJ=!-!="-r
    "
    =r'Dee,B ,6,."ra::._x): ,dy=+-r.e,r=+ y

    ,., u, r.l= l=
    1,. I - l-,m /"'- r , b'-i -.':!\ , \i
    = 2los e los! e
    &+lnb+lnc=lna bc
    a42 /.r'^!:ll=eo
    = ln
    *h- r-E
    l-,m r -f -, ire, Lim I I
    ^ =
    q
    , 1)-ln
    ir , 1,. i:l = 1,, {=r ^ rsli
    a.,,-t,= r,- i:J r- dl=r=r-r=r ,!an(h(n+ n) =

    =
    "Lim
    n h(r++) -trl=l
    "L]*
    bry=hxindre frlinir ,m, ri, r!!= r,. d.! ^ --l
    when n +- n+0
    Lim !:! x Lin !!n!=l"t=l h'/lc\'rl - ar Lim..!^ Lim . -l
    Lim !.1I-t-@= r =rh
    (b
    ")J " =6-r
    :. r
    Ol
    !:L= Lim L=l!:=bn (3)(b) (4)O) (s )G) i3 | Lim . -c =
    um s----l:------:-ll
    ,ror L,m 5
    L- t{:!,{.rl^,L (3i(c) (9)(d d0)lc)
    x D. i- =
    0r)(c) (r2) (b) o,)(b) (1{) c) 05) (d)
    !i!l{
    lllr Lm !:l!= Lm L=1=5 bs
    -i r,- i-r r,.d-\, r,. r (r3) (d) 0r) Q) 0n) (d)
    whmr+o : y_0
    e
    ... Lim.-!x Lim +!=.0: I = I
    x =(ns rnoir=rn* (2r)(d) (22) G)
    El , . , 1,. r r'' Jr L- l:!-:.1] (3) (e)y x3+hnr+J_'
    =
    (1)G) (2)(b) (3)(d) (4)(c) : i=In'?+k:r+scrr"
    Inslllfdm to mlv. rmb& ED

    ,'):]'"t4(+4"j19,,J ,(9'
    -'-d x i2,.+ : i = o + 5.r!+ ror.J!1=5 crx+ rorerx'1
    L-
    = r-0 lrgLl!..1.]^ !-0
    Li- ,x.1!=|"1=1
    (a, 1,. !-{={l! =' ;e+=fi
    ur+r)o ll-,

    o)*r,l*i;{,"Ga*-D--irq,qe(,J =Li.io' D o- D

    (x'+ 3x+,
    ....= t rt=,.!.d-l*{.
    tl E Lr t!
    _ Li. lo
    ":ob
    .,- -,-t'
    . rim --l-IL. L,n l! '

    =r,r,i=i ,s, L:m lgi? :!!r= ':'r51rr rs' rr


    ,-,-l-ird-
    : 6 X
    .. -r-,-,-f
    ' 2/
    =Lim
    r,.. un= j'-r = r,* .a:u{:!l
    , =r i.!. ....
    . \_o q:!^d.!^
    u, rI{=l,
    rr --lL^gt
    ho+r, rrr =1 = L, l
    = L'm 11*I*. . l=1
    r,n si:-I, r,n rt ^tms=r
    . i-0 =tn 5 x ln2 x r =ln5ln 2
    ..fr=:"*',.*x-x
    rr r-0Itr0+rr,-01
    ,,lxlx;=2
    ,.. r,n lnll+r hil !
    @E . !I=eq:i ia _i,r.qa
    r a, '.' qm ll *0.+rrl'"=. ".- ",(,-+4-".(,-+' t!
    . Lim = Ir +A+ r,\-=. hr. h/i* 1rl- hr -hr r*. !al (r ) y-e:'rr ,,.j-.,*1x2-2.2b3
    ...
    q="6,--r:=-f
    dx,l/ il
    h 1,. +,) r,1,.+r)
    : i=cr" x 15xt - t5 r.. cr 'J O0)y=(3'_1)_1 ..y =3 2*2
    Ol
    |, rim r1.' | ,,- '('.+r-
    - r+\_o
    Itli]l
    +x l
    r) L
    , = Lft 'i=.- \(2).-l)=(2).-l).- -

    L- ]i::.].l . _t h{,-+n
    i r.lj= j.r+i.r=i . !r=.-{'^.*fi^ !:
    Lrm dl ,v,
    i i=cr"'l x 2 (x+ l)=2(x+ l) ed' D'?
    -,ttr ".{t
    ,,,
    ' 'J-r r,- ll-il.t
    r,- L-t- rll:2IAr:_rJ (s)y=J.'?ii :.j=2i3a
    =1F".
    r-1
    =,- += + L.y = )a-2 (6) y=r'i+3.' :i=rr+3J Orlr=J
    (2)J-j'"H,hrrnr-r=y trhenI+ 2 : y+0 d r 1G; .*' r .-'v rG--
    dx :'{., r :V-,'
    ."lix=,+y , )a=cr" f;
    . r,- 9.!= 1 L,- --L
    'a!n+c'rheny+0 ar
    y
    , Lin L -Li61, Y -1
    :.1-2+Jr\6-2+6Jt :. i =J'+ xJ'"r=J:0 + 2,
    (3)y=i
    u.o,=r.,$1=r."." r.*''
    ., i=2rj+x1t=xJe+, ...i=5G', c,1.oC,*2u,')
    f =
    ...i=zre r'+ 3)rr'x - l
    '= ^
    ^ .i* ;i;; mr" x,
    (xr +
    i =r G"+.
    1'):x(rJ' ,r?')
    =c
    rrex r(r 9) 3 o
    tr1r
    =6(e1r e:i)(.1r+c

    .. i=3 c'1+ (3 r-5)c" x2 r ,1,',(x..r, E "*q=r"*" 1=r"*r


    =.': (3+6n'- lo, . !-L= -l
    ,sr,=i ..4-zx r"r*r'"1
    .'. i-J sin i! + ics a= C (sin x+c6 11
    ti+
    . !.!=---L"1-_2_ =2xtnx+ x= x12tn D

    ... i=J'x, x€r r+ J'x *cr xon3rxl


    =sc3 r..'?r p +3 6n3 Ja)
    ( 6)y =!!+ : !r=h 1, + ri 2-I = r. x, +,

    .'. i = 5'+ ri5: ln5 = 5'(l +xrn5) '- ,"t . !r= ro r'r. x* i.: r'-rr l
    r(3.os 3x 1, ^
    =e sin
    .10 tll" x+,11 1
    :.; =2'(x+t)tnz +z'x t

    =2r(xh2+li2+D
    !r=, r.*,. r,,^:!l = n,
    ( s)y =,{i s ..
    ' ",,..,
    ..,=-+.'.{i.=.
    ,Yx 1 :+fi1
    ,lx
    -d"(.oJr+sin, ..4=2*.'r.x+c.1
    ... i-csircoslirrr+.rirx,
    rrx 5h,
    -r+ i'n r.++= r+.'(o,(+r)

    ('{'-,)c"., c""# .. !r=.'rn rr'+ u*J lr


    :i=.1'x2xr':'+e",a" r
    ':;r. rn,
    r0+aha) (vr- )
    = 2e':ria" rr" )
    =c'(hrIz+ rr+
    .r i-Ji sio: x+d x 2 sin r@s x zu,alVi :rl* rrtEli
    =e'sinrGin r+2ms, 4= r".rnr*r.^r^l
    o =-4.inxrif,+1l!!-I
    (r )y= { e)y=o.srr +{tbsa'
    -.L
    - i'x I lxi'x:=r,1(r_2, (10)y=: .' . 4=r,r."r,^xhL. !:h," r,
    I (rrsrC' ir 'o ,v,
    {t,,=-41 . nnr]]
    -c. +{
    j \'
    - 1(|ots11:
    (r + -"1+ "i, ,*';F'FM
    ros
    (10)y=rl !r=:r r^r .

    dy lnx(l) xx1 hx I ..,r*.rb"-, r!rl -a r^l=1


    'i'- (,*r -GF '*=*4(,t =
    -31,x+l=ir.d..l"I=-1
    (rcfuscd)

    !l!lq _ /r i',0 L' rI.ri l^ !l {!,'=1J'-rr"r q-lcr')""1


    ol) y=

    . dy
    (a*r)'51-h6,(r) .. d*.r,-*" lla\ = 1" . 4

    (a+r):
    =!rl=,_!=:!r.,0_D (4)y=ir. r
    =

    _r+ r ah (5 a1 .'.n1=. +r( t r=c (l-).) 4= )!'r.r,rr,ar


    , rl, = lllt ...r"*.r**,=i4t =o
    .. j*= (3.'l -c r1=; tJ
    (6,a1(+) hr*" ,. the slope of tansent prallel to x aixs
    . dy !r= rJ'*:,: r* r,J' ..9r=o
    $=*'{+4=+0,*n. =2c1'lt +2 x+1t= 4tx+2)c1'
    =f." |] =ne d"- .--,=rqt
    .. hx'?= I
    .!l 6 =s
    :. x=G ( w i..r,""d)
    ."r^. .r .'^ L d), ! ,.-
    dx tusr1:
    .. !:=r
    '' !r=lg2
    J'(3L,c,-r+r) r,".r*.r*,"",, /!rl =l L\ '' Iixis
    h= lr1,t=1,^ur ... = ,
    . iz=o
    rhc 6ngci! plrallcl ro

    -
    ,r.,v=-.!cL "*,i ---L
    ::!=
    ,,.r.,r^ L h,r^ L 3

    ( + oslr
    o da 3r+1 lnro (31+ Dli ro r{ry=r ++ln;
    .
    -rhc
    sropc of 6nccd =
    e), =,
    != lr*1"-!
    ,'s,"=1!!jL -Ga+rh10-ln10 --7^-t --
    mr*r^l n"r r, ^l (3)y=loq(2x1 ra=ahq(zr: r) ... The srope ol hsenr pm[.r ro x uis
    0i a+
    .4=o
    D2
    d, ="'rrtr- " rr, =
    rl l. 1)h,

    no, =.Ll.l-f
    .. rh"
    "r"p" "rr-s"^' = (!aJ,-, =#
    ID
    . dy
    h,(? o ,h,.+
    (ln r'
    : +1=r,+, rr,=",,0 *?x)
    =.?
    lnx]+,lnx.--:L
    xo,a' aGrr
    a o TD
    =(+i),j.r.,="(,.,, +)=,"
    ,r,,-fi ,.' .!r=
    y : r/rr- ,j
    a
    .. r'rn x+ r',1=
    1'c r" r+ r) , +.
    .. Theeqmion Dr'Jr. ungcd ! = 2.
    ..
    'r"r
    a*r*, = l,:!l ,=r :*1 dx4=3
    wheE x r 0 lIlh. dop. ol bseDr pon]lel b a uis
    @ a.n"*.r"--,=l4l =r or)o) 02)(b) (r3) (c) (r4) (a) (r, (d)
    @l
    (i3) (a) lr9) o) (z,) (b)

    ..df,=ze'.dr+c -sinr
    u =i (23) (b) (2) O) (25) (b)
    _s.x(.ora+csx)
    (23) (d) (29) (d) (30) (b)
    -.?!(2cos, sin tO

    .. rh. Nrm nrudenr = til\ =) @l


    @
    I I (- (i- f))
    '
    when

    . rh dmrl".
    = 0 , rh.n y

    b--'
    = .'.
    r:-L
    Tlc poii!
    )
    tu (0 , I )
    .f .t'.
    r,,="r,f =r.f v =,"

    !r=*'lr *rl- t
    . = =
    "l
    lDl
    ..*q=..,-i.f-t- .
    "
    .
    y=h(, 16"*4,"h-'=+,'h",y=o =, *(+-+) '
    lBl
    = +-,(+.f)*'(+-+)

    @
    "r*s., = l-{i
    ..r1rdomornio =rq\ . =ll n, .. ft.n.!. y=r't"*
    ' " '!d'r'] tt) 4 ""'i ^=r
    *-,xh++ x"i
    = t ' .' .', "
    ;T;5
    .. n'.+*mn**gc. *
    '+=, rh++x
    .: 1".
    ..n.cqmirdofhse E;+= f; ,trl ,4=r

    : 15 rh2-4y-l0li 2+ l?=0
    ,rhen.\-y-!=0 ,i! -,,^l*, ' ^ ".
    r* ,=,,.a*,
    ',,(+.+)*(+-;),",(*.+)
    t0
    IDJ
    .i--r=z^r.r-o=r . till =2=l - I
    -(1,,) *'
    = l =sax
    ..,
    ''dt-7-J +.r
    x ,shhr= r ,&ei!=0,y-2 @ @l
    .4r i y= r"1C""r
    .: Itudoeeof bccn=(P)F.+d= +e++.=o
    . TlE .qmlim oI unsd! y= dx !^*!r!4=f
    ..!r=
    {*. r ,1/*.\ ' ""x
    . r
    ;
    lEl @l
    y- r, (r-1tt;)
    .. rh..quru of mmd 15
    ir=i @ r--
    .. ric doe. ofbs. = (iIJ,. r=r.r=:
    x = y' , I 1ry aio*",i"ri"g *lrr. .,p"a to y1
    '' dx- x.1F;" (r.ltr''tr)(,tr
    Anorher $llrion I x - cr ,,,y=r+Jrr ..
    qr
    =2
    ".f *,,"tr^
    ' +
    ,'/)
    )
    ,{lr.nx= l .:y=: : Th.eoi isC''?)
    .'.TLecq@iuof m*,:;+-T =,,! -;,ofi @l
    , ri.n e':x + 3 e y + (.1-9) =o
    : T,cd.F.r--d =+dd,.p"i',(r,r) =+,J'k.6)
    .. rr'""o,u,ionotno*ur i,
    lE.qr
    ] l=1 @ . *=,",,."",x.,",,",,,x
    ri = y'? ln y (By did*nd.rins sirh Bp€d b ,) . i4=rJ,-":r +.,,"a2r
    ,wnenx=2 !rh.iy=3- 13tn2
    TB ..,=Plrny+y'.i)dl 21+ t J tc6 x
    (3)(c) lt)O) (s)(c) +a e:i sin 2

    (3) O) te)@ o0) (d)


    ,.Ur,it" Uy tt=$." @
    .. r'i *zr; =$'v,1601, 6,r"
    !r=".".,
    ..
    # = r". os i. lii 1+."",. -" *. e'
    ..
    tDl ..xyi+2yi=ri'
    ..lr-r,=u (rry=-!=e'otr
    ,!!="." -, @l
    rr,. !+ ,9*r=o ..!r=-",-rr*.,. -Jr
    .!i=or,-,1*: j+ r=ery_).r y=]l+r
    L- .., ar e.t 2 a etr+.dr = "'cdr+csc'D
    bv Erjtrc murr rosmom b bod l-
    'dcs (,0) y =1ll1a b lal,'trstopmil,m orborh s'der
    EI .. r" y =
    1r,tx'r l- * r" rr'- u
    (By differcnriarinS sirh Espcc. ro x) o ... hy= + h( rc1- + h0 i)
    ..!!=2,.".' *a,t ",',1 . L=f .lr-!^-l! (Bydirrerc irlingborh rid.s wirt Esp.cro,
    z,e,1.t (+zxz) xJq!+.v!J=-L, !r . a=!,! l - jr-
    . i x, x \tx,-t x' 1)
    ...

    i!="","^"',, -,"'. t-",--r,- ,! , d=6, r=2 , ,=n


    *, , ii,.'+L+.\
    ..
    '."'' )^.1"9r*J^.=!"" ^'
    =4rx.'''ttt +2x'1+2)
    ..r!r=_r .91==l
    E . !r= i,
    Et
    B Y=t {;
    ,t- bY mrumlrocu hm Dba*.
    '*in8
    ..
    q= *. c)h cl, (e')
    ' hv=rn. + 1rtr]rl 'd- h- ; =L
    = csE c) 6n G1
    (ay difl.Entiariig wirh Espe! ro x)
    ... ; =rru.i+ =i! ".* ^r=rr!.+*qd.i .+',=-,. +'i+ .. !1=___L,_L^!= r

    (Jrxlir=58 .hy=.!!
    l] r.)fl)-fl i $( t) - lL,3;:
    ^
    .r.,.t"=+.1 ,r=+,.1r' .. !-L =.e, r=.4.+ oa)y=be{;
    ..
    i= r.--.:-(."rrrprytyvrr x1)
    .!a=-!^ I =
    . ". ..tq ?u rr ' !r= rrr 14x
    dI ir
    I

    =L!.+*4qql-,rb. ' ... (1 - xaj - ! + \.'1 y +y = x'z y ,vxh |0 :r'nl0


    i,&r=o= RHs TB ';i=2_ "lnr'?kcx s xbr
    *=".;7 =zn'1xwx,z*''trz dx ,1'osx xh,o ,x'n ro.tbsx
    y=,*,i= tdz-a2+3 .k=r,
    ,i ,
    g-l=!a- qr=-L::^-r= l. -r ..4=r ix* r", h' ^ L r l\
    a rri= by'difreE i& *irh cspdr b r'
    .(i),.,=?(,of)=,o1 -..q=.*'r",.^ L-o',tqn = r lr *ll,a* r", n,
    01y = li (sitr (cr + 5 xr 3)
    (By r,IiDs rh. ndu.l lo8dnnm or borh sid.s) Byr ins thc n.ruml loE-imm or borh sides

    = (e'+ , cor (e'+ 5 ir + 3)


    (By difiecdiarins virh Esp€.! ro xl By difieRntiaring bo$ iidcs vnh rsp.d to x
    1,, . i= r"r*.-rr. . !
    i=", r" rrJ
    ,l&) =los\l== i lusr,).- lr iris(\+r) ' "
    .4=".n'*4,^r.'
    : dr=t:r! rr rr,+ rl'n m-

    =i Ll- l (By okirg dr. ntual lo8drhm of borh sldco


    By bltins rhe Mrural loguid'm or borh sid.s

    (rc, , = i+2 (By difr.Etrliaiiu 6oth sid.s wirh rcspcd !o 1)

    rG.,,a+d,i) ,,rhx
    (By difieEnriding with tspcr ro ,
    . i="",r",*",",. f
    @ !-r = t.""r r,r *lrqt By &lirg ,ie narual loleithn of borh sides
    (r )y= I1r by rslins &e narunl "
    rosdthm of 6dh 3ids ,',lny=2x\aii r.,!.Ic0. xrn x+ !!!Z)
    .'(rha+ r 2 rnx) By difieeili,t ns *irh Espet ro lt
    (By diffcrciliariag uiin Espect ro rq
    . i=.,
    i-tnt.zt,).=tnx,z By rahin8 rhe iatunl logamn of 6orh sides

    . ty _ -*r'.u r_.::gql .. i=2y(n x+ 1) =2I'?r (ln I+ l) By ralins rhe naoml Lgrirhn or bo$ sides
    (By difieEnri ing vilh rcsper to, ln y=ros x r ln (h3 11

    (By ralinS rhc mluml logdrhm ol bo$ idet . i=,".,. a* r,rpla (By did.Etrtiding wih rcspect ro ,
    !r=,,n". r. r-, r .__--
    . i=;i m, h(,ocn+bcr. ;A1
    2 1og x sii (os rr (By difl.Entiarins b.th sides unh rcsper io ,
    . !=h,x'-5,*r"l-)-
    By brins rhe iarunl logsihn or borh sid.s
    |=;;1,"*"".,1
    i =,r rr(r"rr.cr* r)
    . ro Y.r'r_r !o!,: . !r=,1.,r'. si. -.lr-l .'.ln y =.G rln(l 3,
    ?
    '!r- By difrercariatins bod, sides wirh rcsp€d to.I
    =,,'.s, h",,'*s,* l: l -=-.mll"(l r x)+-"x r.lr
    By rrling the mtuml log*ithh of borh sid.s

    (By dificrcntiarins wnh rcsp€d b r.)


    (By blriig iie lo3arirhm ro rhc b6c e) By Eling L\e mrunl losdrhm io borh sids
    wl,&nrmI rrr rj_l t=*:rr.t.!x+Mx L^ L
    i 2ln y = xln 3+ yln2 rn y=rtr p r'r'1= ln 3 + h:r t:'1
    ,.
    By ditrmnrioling wnn Espd b a
    =rn3 + (x: + 2) ln I ii=(l"c!'*('"'xL"r"s,-;n:i+-D)
    .;=rnr*ri2y ..r(i rn r)='n r (By diflcrcnti.ring widr rcspcc(o x)
    By bldns nx natuial logarirhn of bot' sid.s

    By tiking rhc mtuml los fim of bo$ sidcs


    i=2xlnx+r). +:). t=2r hrr+- (By din rcnridin! wnn rtcrecr b x) .. lnY=loS i(ln (x1+ r)
    v=vt, nr+-l . i=*., x*,." x !e-I .1= LL.rx'z+}+1,"r^ ll
    'r. ^r. '
    ' :l-r=r'-' J"r.r ^,r..,r -, ... i=3x.": t,rhr++l !:=,- r-'u'r r" rr
    !a=, t-! r",x,*r,*l ]l!!lI
    ""r*
    !D
    : rhigh.lie inlM6
    .'. 1(- l +o) 0+3( 1)1i
    14. rhe ,,qk B (li (2 e) ,0)
    -L^ L i=i
    3r
    ' -L=Lnher+r^
    i rh. r-sd, .r IE =1ta;l;r;'ij;; - oI
    ..4=,n"r'1,.m,- .. /!r\ = !
    ={'""-r" t",-o, f
    |
    dx " L " ,tosY)ri 0)
    (23) ld)
    @
    By bLing rh. n.tural lq irhm ot boln sidcg
    @
    By $Iiig thc nlrunl los tnD orborh sid*
    By bling Inc idural losuitnm of borh Jds .'. y = 2 (By dilrercntininC (l ) wifi Esp..t ro ,
    Ii (ln y) = ,ltr , + In (n ]r1
    ,',
    (By difl.Mrirting *irh trped b r)
    .. tn .'+ ti y= ln, + ln e, r,-ixe:'r+rc , iye :=!
    ...
    h
    ..-!^-L^i=rnlrr^-!+ L^1
    =11't 2
    =ogsolensn\udr.
    ,d(0,2) ..."' o-i +,r,r=o
    (By difreHridirg wnh rcsp.cr ro ,
    @
    .. , *i=r*r ,(+,)=(+-,)
    .i=,r,,i.r*r* Ll .. rh. d.*.r h** llrl , =d
    6
    = r('y = b rn x (By ,ti1t",.nri"rine *nh op".r ru ,
    "
    @ ..x'j+rx!=+
    i:=-L "q,,,r." "1""g"r,fi=", By ditreenriarin! on.e sgain
    .'.Jx y= 2e'-;= E (di"id. by
    "1
    ET
    ... +rx] +, xi +2y=+
    x1)
    opedhs r= ld4), =l .r l+ L=|
    (BydiffeE iaring wnn ftsper ro, ... x'; *axi +, y*-g!=o
    .:dr=r,rhciy=h+= h,
    .'. Thc poitrl of bg.ncy h (l - ln 2)
    2r'rn]+c'.i=r+i su6sriruc by rhc ratu. of a b ron ( I ) i. (2) :
    ' .:ffi =ft -o;*10*iT={'iiT,r.rorcngrhuni,.
    .. rEEqutr dbnscnr a i:i=I ... r'i.4rr., y - ''i;:'" =o
    @
    .'.iG'?1)=r ...r=-i ... xl i +axi +,y +xi +ry -o
    . L- 1-, ,*=.mc. "''' o.:r= rzo;"'' @r
    .'. Tnc p.ii! of ineedior wirh the ues e l ... Ihe mre of chatr8c oi rhe r0'i day
    (1) &t
    A(ln?c,0),B(0, ln2e)
    a.r=o ...0=y+0
    =(*),"=,,0" "'''=,,0.' (By difleftn.iarins (l) wirh cspe. b jr)
    . . rxe kDsii or AB =1G ,;r; (- h, e),
    .. aY+re'Y(y+ni=i +rsinr.c 1
    @t .. , ,n x+
    i + y,n 1+i .y= I
    = 1E r, u r",s,h ,"i..
    "
    :i=r .. i G r+ rny + r)= r --L
    .(!rJ,.,=,
    @
    3-r L
    ..l{= r" 1,*s;*x n rool
    ',rr-L
    ..,;rr,r,+rr=Il
    = (D
    (l,r),,= ro-s_ F-, ilr ,ft* l" r) =;
    , d.* d L--, = /11
    .. r" ru.a
    subsuruk .i(;-,)==
    ncqu'onrzr
    ,(!r),.,,= r" m*f =r.z . !r=L-r,--L=rq r|
    . . Tm muuni dr
    ^"^,r
    I:!? - I da x r+y a(l+y)
    '. =
    ,r{i = r^:s *11!- *nr (By ditrmnriatins eirh Bper b , @
    I+y =I+ li2=lne + rtr2=li (2 e) . . Tne prcduc.ion of t|. hon.y dd@*s. ... J,(y+xi-2a+3 y:i =o
    Itulncuon6

    ,,, ,=,rr.d-1.
    10 solvo nudt r @
    ' t^dI- ra ,'1- 1r"y
    E
    i' [];f]J
    ] r,, -",,u= ] *', @E
    I tl 1] =r!
    ,= =
    ' .:nb !-!= I L^,k"x",..'x
    "
    Il
    ^ (r)J."dx=++"= +."+c
    ry=c":' -lny=ritr2r =-.r'd-
    -\-
    ( 2) .' i (,=Csiix+Jmsr=/(r) + c (J() 0n rf+0" yl=(* 2 o'+ (sii 2 Or = r
    (By dirleflridin! vith rc6pe. ro , ""*'1"",, r 3)J.1,d y=
    +." =-t.l'-.
    !1!llQrlllrri^;=n . ;=:l!1 m_ (4)l-6J"dy=#*"= 30J"*.
    ,i (a =.'.6r- Jiinr.=c(, l(r.)
    y=,ilE=) ,.,1r rtr" fi"0,tr. " -.
    =
    ,](! =, (,+! (D=2cm"r= rs (x) t:=f "
    = r" (ft .-r t)- t" (1tr';- t)
    = -3 cf'+"

    ,i (r=i (, i(e=-2Jsi"e= 2/(! rerJ . ,,a,=.r.r"=


    by sqwing md lddins (l ) (2)
    '
    . o, z@:t 4!:t *;.,*"
    (l"rf +{ny)2= (6s20?+Gin2i):= I dx 1t, r Grn+'
    bydifi.Enri ing wirh Mpccio,
    -,E rv?-, ii.r,,' l\ ,r,1."'",={-"
    .. i tl = ,e'x e'- = se1x,l ta r e,ls'a, = ff ..
    '
    ',' s: r: I for Jl vdud of r ee @l
    y = acos (h.!
    + b.in (h )() llr'.",rt'r.,-!ifi.,,
    r'
    oql'"d.r=+..-;#,, "..
    x
    by diffmndating virh rcsp4r to Ol
    (a ) .. s is LrE iov.* func.ion of J
    ,dla_ ""h-!')() +b-"1!,a) (mdndy by:r1
    1'r.+r'x rv\,+r <rtlsx zltdx=f zs*
    .. c Il(rl-r . dtr(Dl,i@= r
    @, =2x1- 2.'+c
    .;r j{- nsnql,xr*6*.,
    .,[.r(orxJo=r by difaHriring wirh Nrer h x: By blins nE mtunl logarithn or bo$ sides
    ola,' a"tax=! ei*"
    ,:J0)=r,i(,=311+3+c' ,"1*ir''= , - , .'.lny=x" lnx .'.lny=ylnx =xr-2."+c
    ep.d x (3)l(r +4tr1dx= 0 +4tr')i+c
    itol=+ By difl.Entiatins uith io

    : i (),i(o)= r :i(1):4=r " rmulriply by Y)


    . r,#..*!r= (,-, , n*u,i,,r".n1 = y x+irmurriprv ' v x) oi je".orro"=#.t'."
    : i(l)= +
    ..
    i=i rn

    = l s". z'"' +.
    .. !1-t!r."=^ tt
    E ". I 5 ) I Q x'1 + 2 x-a c1 1 d

    (l) @l
    .'' "\n
    *:' ' "."
    12)
    ly=I' ilny=xli]( =3x,t*",x-+s'-.
    "'lnY=sin2r by difr@ntierins *irh Bpet x @
    Bydi6.Fnri cqution (l) wirh Esped b:r ro
    (d)l(d+)dr=i(+"'- +")dr
    . ! !-I= 2^i.2i--,r""
    ing
    .],r=,,|-r", ,-1,",.ffi;E.-....
    =1"'-i
    By diftfti.hiing.qu,lion (2) *nn resD€t b ,a .. y'='na + ih r +.llh x+.......... ( 7)J(+)d:-10 *3.1dr "..
    . L"g.l=2-,rt-rha ditreflridins {i!h Bp.ct b , =r( 3t:+c
    by difl.rcntirtins wirh epe. ro I . . y'? = ln x + y (By
    -L-!l
    D,vder4r_rr, . r !1= ?!!I .. | =r'Q)rtt * t".,0
    'r'" o *t'xr .2ri=++; ..zyi i=* rol(i+l)ax=lo+"'rux
    :i=x',0+r,r'?+i("' =".*-"=, +""-'
    BT
    (, ) I( 4+i! )
    d,= JG.+ re, +4') d r (5)l3r*d1 ,,&i(G 6-i)dx
    -+J,+2.,-a;'+. :.I"i.xxc-'a-n=-J ii"lc-'ax ildx=J(r
    ooll("'+i)'dr=lG".r-",1dx =+l 6x*eh x +.
    =+.".2x +""'-" (7)r.t:J(, =,ii, a l(r=c61 tt t IYax=r,:. r"txt+" o,tl={dxJ"';1'.1dx
    l2., Gl'+ 2., + t) d x "
    I <* r.'"'* r 11 o .r r7)l-lr_dx=J?r!rdx =i(ix- i..)ax
    =
    -ifi*=ln xv" =+r_+x++h rr-o
    =les'+ae"+2J)d, (rrur./(,r1=G . j(D= !
    2\, rzo)l(1+i)dr= j(1-.) dx
    = ?S'+2:'+2r +c - tLax= j-]rlax
    rrII r,,lx
    0a i1d.9!::a1a r =l(", * a a r
    .,1{a,=:l !.6ax j.,, =4lnlxl+cr+c
    = c'+ 2 r.+. =jr?dr=2r"txt*" Ell
    =,"G*"
    i13'lrr"+J')dl=*i++.' +. (ort-.r/(!=-{; ..rrr=-I (,)l(+.+)dx trrlt'lax=ilfiar
    oo Itr'* ,l1a,=,r'r* fi *. I dr
    21lr
    ^r I -rli. =]r'tr:r r *"
    =2.tnlx +!x1+c
    iri.l, 21tr
    El I($. xr" r)a.n
    = t;G +, oor
    (rtt't:J \n=x1+ 1 .1o.,)=za
    (r0)klr(r) +2.r ...1'(}c-2e: . i-lLdr= I JlLdx
    xs"' =I -Jt".rt+*x'r,r*"
    .. I e t x.=tI z xc,',' ax .JE={ jr.'rr.z..r}ax o1)l(rr'.i)dx -]n t, tr+"
    <2)t,t:Joo=x1+t af(,=3x' I u r.)l +
    =-3.:r+nhtrl+c
    .. Jr.,r, r(= + I3 x:.rl dx
    r
    d
    r
    , tral(rx'*i)ax=x'*sr"tr *"
    =(r *2.11 +. Ji+-!-Ldr= r lr::r_ d x
    rrllJ("t"r-1+.")d.r
    = 3ln l1']+ 3 x +c
    {3)t}t:l(x'-x1 6t -5 = @sx-2h .r +.x +.
    .'. j q
    t"'* u''"'ax= t"'* rf*" t4)td:J@t= x, +2 ti+7
    .'.llD=2, 6=2(x-3) qolG'.3'r*)dJ.
    "'Jt'-rl.''"''a'
    q"" .lr*'.;,xar= i .inr,z-,,dr ="'.#rn , ."
    = trlze "' 'ax
    or (r{, +.') r=l (s
    J d
    * ",) d r
    + + =!ntx'tzx+tt+c
    Oi =5x+7hlxl+e,+c ts)ta f(n=tl sx,+t
    (l)lidr=,hlrl+c
    ..lx'sx q"" ,'a,
    ll1lL#txJ(zx *)ax
    (z)J--Ld 1=r" tx* r t*" .. J i" ' ax=r"rx'-sx*rr.,
    =J1,rx'-:r)"J'r6r=.:a-.rr" =x'-jrtr." (6)l.r: r(r=ar +6r+ l
    (!)J(x+i)da=+.h x -. rrDI+1dx=l (1 -),r+, dr
    ( 1) J(i+ 4r")d r Ir+
    jo +,ii1).''*'dr=c' *'+.
    = 3 h txt* *
    " =tr?",1(.?",
    ..
    =).+2tnlx +c = j htr'+ 6 x+ l+c
    B3
    r Ol)(d) (r2)(!) 03)(.) (l,r)(d) lrs)(ol
    (7 )J?+d,r=J?r:4rd x ooJun 6 j!,r:r-J_!!!!d
    U6) (h) 07) (b) (r3) G) Oe) (d) (20) (rl
    -l(H-'J", Jrli{ d r!= r" r",x *. = *1!!j!+6j! dr= { r,r"*exr*. (21) (b) (22) (d) (2a)(.) 124) (a) (25) (r)

    =lP';-;a" oo i -r'xa r = J.n, x -r';,r r


    =, x+ hlr rL+c =J.o,rr.*'-x uox ,"'
    E ii=?
    ro1$,,,=l*r.rao, I"''ax= i '"''o' =Jt.',,...'* -+ t,, (By iitgnt borh sidcs wnh rcspecr to ,
    =jl*-o:l.,, .
    fft"urr= *Jx '| =lo 2"-t,tx=7 x 2t+.
    (6)1e'
    =I(sl#l!.;i)dx r(.x)=siiI cosJ(

    / (x). x+sinr : nreinbs rioi= |-r'r t"t"t"rt*.


    =1(r - -"|)a'
    ... cor
    r

    =jx'r*r"tr*r *. r l+. .ffi.*r--"*x-,t "=r


    zr.:=zrt t.zr=z(t'i)
    =rtrtsinr ms
    : rh. inresmrion= +*"'r-rn,t".x +a ..flx)=1x 2;+1h;
    ,,,1 ",a "t!*ldr
    U2) ler : J (11=r+ ln sec x
    o*=," l'
    I+la,='r"'.. -. t r:r(,=.osx+sinr
    :.1(r= r+Iq:+l(= 1+hn i!
    (By inicgrd.ins both sidcs wirh rcsped ro i]
    .. [ ] +hnr d]=ri ]+rnr!x
    tr +(
    (r0) Mdriply up lid do*n by
    ... r'(ir)= shx+msx .,=4+-"= .. j,-.
    ... J4:-a, .. lnt.surion = ln cos x+ sin xl+ c .")ii+= *-"*,,!!!rL
    . r(o)= r .'.r= a. ior+"
    . F"l+l Lir 1'(\ell11!!l! ..c-5 ,..y= l. 1'*:
    ftemk|dnoi=l-+dx _
    -2'
    sc
    ,rM(i)'d \ ... y61= -,r
    "
    i,',ns*s +",i
    . ii=rLdr=,, .' . +.
    =J*(1-4"' L.r : f (), = *c 2 r(+ rai 2a

    E ." r(n=2so 2 xr!tr 2.t +? sc' 2 x @,!.i=*L


    ,l-'' r,rr =rllql., =2 kc 2rhE 2 r+ratr 2 x) v=l;iax=\l j1dx
    ,r a,= l."
    '(+ ') ..Ir+:+dr= + h rc2x+bi2i
    +c
    =rn sin xl+. =" -,(+ ,r."
    rr,Je.rdI=Jv.r .a,ih ! dx ..1(, = + r,12, ct*"
    :r'1$=er" +e'=e(x' i+e' t ,. fl"l=]
    Ils-jjjg a Mld t
    l!. xrn, se,r
    dr - rn Lr+, l/ "l 'a' ..]=]ntz. " -.
    scI+hi:rl+c ( 9) rd: J()i =sinrx+2 linx
    =rn
    ... f(ro=2sinx.o, x+ 2
    I
    _ t.d' +, r- |rn r.+r' +c .1=j'"t-. :.c=o
    "^:r .roo=1r,tz:r
    =sii2r+2cosx o "t
    . J !Ldr= 1:rj-!d.\ ,-", (r)(u) (2)(r) (3)(() .. ra o= + hla" -"1= + r" F.l
    (c) (i) ( 3 ) (c) = ] rr," * t":t=
    j tt * t" tr
    =h =ln sh:r+2siix- I +c
    ( 6) (7)
    r+ms:rl+.
    a5
    E*=Y=,-i EH"+ 171J.@ax TE
    (By inie&{e bo& sido ein\ EsFd io j9 ''*=!'u'"*""""'
    -r"rla' rl)rer.t1r)=rnx .r'ixr=1
    r =l(r *f)0,= r,*zr,r,r*" =l1i1r,
    J(*)-" u"ro,=,"u"r..
    '. (e , 3 e + s) Iics oi (he cuae . z=! . qr=-s ., -," .j
    =r-+.:i(l+|n11]+c
    .'.le+5=3e+2+. ..,.=3 (By i.regre bod sides wnh ftspet ro , r:rJ,''*'a r -1""'" "'a,
    .',y=34+2hlx +3

    @*=""" :v=2 .:l(r=l+-L=&l (rrlll---:L)dx


    i2=3In4+c :c=2 3ln4
    (By inb8nb bom sids wirh Espai ro 0 ..t_4a, =3lnlll ln I'?-I+2 +c
    a=:Jl*"=- 16. ",,*" {4rIr,'z+ilr+r+ridr
    lul =l(::r* )i'* r"r 4a,
    b"8inning r=0 ,A=30cm: r rrJra.'=lirtra,
    a,.j (x *r.--T
    ar rhe
    ,,''
    ,',30= l0xl+c :c-g'
    =ln ttr j(l+ c
    =I1,.i1r,.ra ia,= r'.+r+-" =l r,sjr'fn a"
    .,.A=90-lo. orrmdlosc.
    (,)l#*",,=4J(rnld, =rnlxr_rl+htx_r +c
    (A),-,!=(eo locr).-l ( s) lcr: l(x)= h Gin ha)
    =4lilh3a +c
    .. ,'(, (1", ,
    #tr1wh*M k Eer.".rdEh..y tD
    @ =d" (, ,,4, "* +
    1:lJ1]!aa r=f (r)Q.ro,ar
    .#=+,h.*kt"""",u"! ( I )(c) (2) (b) (3 )G)
    = i rn;,t'-"
    r6rru.lioN ro:orv. nunbcr I[l .: raht*hror(rnx)dr
    By itrrcgnb wirh rspei b I <oltt"Ir' a,=11O,'0,
    .. M=k lilr +c . r>0 (r). J+dx=hta =lQ-r r,x)r" r,i"r" rax
    =]-iIn"x,,a"
    l0) x0n
    +x'+c
    l- , J) =+0"G,hr)'r"
    nfd2 w@ks M=200 =(lnr0)' rrn xr, +. ..
    *J+dr=d-!, r r" r .r-"1
    ( 6)J(xr + dx
    200=kli2+. (l) =_l_i\l_, +( .#=!-r, ...1q4=t +zt1
    +
    ".+c','+,i,o
    x'.!.Il.,",.,, '-"
    an r4w@ks M=300 =

    300=kln4+c t2)
    =$rc"t.' (, ) J--! (n )d):d,( = I+ (r r",:d r. ( ?, j (.'h'+. " h'+. "! t d x
    lslf itutur=j(r)1r *r" xi ar
    =l|<n'f a' =L+L+.,h.y*,
    100 =k0n4-tn 2) = k ltr 2
    =.+"*" j
    ... t =
    fl uy suuuim ir 121
    te ll-ax=1zx,x* rr
    rJt"" ,ar - <uxf."
    ... roo=#,u r.z*. ..
    "=
    roo =rl,r*'-,,,**,,'o*, ( 3 ) Mul.iDty up dd down by s6 x
    ,, M= l@]!] + roo= too roqr+ Ikr+ r) | (1+r)'lda
    too .'. I&smrDn =lie!&!.!dx
    =1000+loqg =r(hrr.,l l!!+)..
    =hlscx,l+c
    (M),.s = Ioo (l + lo3:3)=,$o =zktx+ j +
    *\L+c ,Tllc
    nufrerard k ln. ddivdiv. o, d.nominoror,
    Answers of exercises
    Un it Th ree:
    Behavior of the futtctlort
    and curve sketching

    t
    l/
    ,l
    I

    -.rfl il.r
    r a)
    tiIrl
    Oj
    @g 14) . 1\\=xj 6r(:+5
    ,l@)=3r'1-t2x
    ..'Ilcdmai!=m
    , puhins f(! =o
    (3) 1 l(ro=9.! 1r
    ,f<b=e-! ).1
    .. Thcdomrii=lR
    , purins J'(jo =o

    (r)o) (2)(d) (3) O) (4)(a) (s)(b)


    (3) O) (9)(c) (10) (c)
    ,'.3].(x-4)=0 .. r-.lh ...x="lt * -'{t
    .'. Th. criticnl poinb @ (0 , 5) r (4 , - 27) Th. silicd poinb @ : J is l--,-2[ ,]o ,2[
    dccEsitrg on
    03) c) 04) (d)
    .'-
    (11)G) 02) (d) 05) G)
    (6'of)'(-6,-ef) ,mdid.EBinsonl 2,0[,]2,-[
    (15) (6) 07) (d) (r3) (c) (19) ld) (20) (c)
    \rL).: ! <9=)t3 -5 x4 + t a rh. doniD =rR
    (a) (d)
    ,J'(a1=sra roxl , punins J'(x) = o
    El r. , is iim6ing on l- - , o[ , ]a , -[ ..5x4-xx1=o ..,5irt(x-4)=o
    i' I v=xr-6r+, , !r=rx 6

    ,",.,""1:=0
    .. I -,13t,1{f,-l
    , is dcesins oi .,. n'. c.iliccr poin6 are {0
    'D
    , (4 -
    '
    255)

    ..j{=zo a ,r,,*,f =, ,r-,=, ,r"**,s-l-6,6[


    : Thc cri.icnl poifl is (3 '- 2)

    ,', T1le siti$l poinr is (2 ,0)


    O)!<n=au 3)1 .. The domim = m

    ,Ilk=xlxl 6x+9t-x3 6x'1+ g x,


    ... , ts incEsins m I -,0[' ]4
    .lln=tx'-tztt*s '*[
    ,purinsa(x) =o ,dEnr=3 or I lt3l-.1t4=6z e)': : rLc domis = R
    i J i! ddEsins on I -,r[
    Finb G (l ,4) , (3 ! o)
    .'. Th. cddcd
    , f (k = 2 tx2 - s), 2 x = 4 x tx1 - 9)
    ,r JisdcMinson I -,2[
    md ircEeins d l2 , -[ a()o = o ir.=o,3 or 3
    ' 'punins
    .rnEdom,in=m,#=-4-2x ... Th. fiicd polib @ (0 ,3r) , (3 ,0) , (- 3 r 0)
    \6),-J@=$+af ,., Th. dom.in = &
    ,e"'!"g:i=o :x=-2 r risituftBinsonl -, r[,]r '*[
    .,. Tn.c icd point is (- 2 ,pntinsr'(r=0 .'.x=-4
    '5)
    j TrE cirical poinr is ( 4
    'o) lto)'-'16)=xa+4x r. Thc domin = N :, is d6ENjns m J -, rt,lo,3[
    ,lq)=ax1+a '
    punins l'(') =o , i,"-*i,s o,I 3,ot,lr,-[
    ,',4 xx + 1=a ...r=-l (rO i J(-x) =r.r(x- l)r :Thedomiu=]fl
    .'. l-- '-2[
    rh ircBinson .'. Tnc ciiiicll poinr k (- l! 3) ,l1r=3a'16 \1+2x3(x t)
    ,dsEsios D I ,,-[
    \1I--!Qq=x'-sx1+ux-4 =x1(r- t)(1x !+2x)
    (31-. 1(r=xr-12x+7 =r'1(a- r)(5 ]i 3)
    Thcdomah=ts ,l(\= 3 11- 12
    .., , putrins r'(iO = o
    'rtr-x=0, r -J
    !puirosf(r=0 ..x=!2 'l<n=tx'-ttx+u
    ,putinsl(Jo=0 :.x=4 ot -r J,sd.mhsonl-* '- lI
    : Th. criric.l poidts e
    I Th. criticlr poinr E (2 , e),( 2 ,23) ,', m. diricd pohts e (4 12) , (2 , 16)
    2
    , md ircEEnu d l- L *l to,ot,rr ,or ,(] ,-un)
    '
    <tt) . I tx) = ,ir - 3 ,1 + 16

    purins r'(, = o
    i ircEinson l-- '-2[']2 '-[ ris jimsinso l--,2[,]4,-[
    'f$t=tx1-ux ,
    rr" -t* i. i,"*i,g - ]- - , t[
    J is .1
    ...4ar16r(=0,-,4x<x'-4)=o . . n

    sdd.@itrgul-2,2[ -x=0, x-2 d 2 ,1, ,-{,d*i"s-li, rI


    (15) I(! (x+2)(r l): ..rhedonim=fi a..l
    = .. rh"p"d (+ ,o)t" ..:r= r
    ". r ,fri"*+m.anr=o
    ,f(r= (r. rl +2(x+2) (r r) (r)r(D=r: .. rh. domatn =B { ,}
    =(r 1)(, r +2x+4) ,. - (xrr)( ) x() (,,+),( r,3)'@,0)
    =(I 1)(3x+ r) '/,,,= ,,rl =
    1,_:).
    I or - I
    'puniisl(D=o 'rhcnx=
    thc cdlic{l poii6 arc I
    .',
    .. a(, i" -d"n*d d r = re d..,i,
    if hrtrcBrcol+,-[
    (
    '0) '(-l '4) ,', ThEE s io critiual poinb

    rslltl={4-x .. rft .. ris in.E Dsonl--,- rl'lr '-[


    domain =l -,41 ,de@.r.s01 ,ot,lo, rt
    '
    ... I is incadrs I-, 't,l',*t ,'(,
    ,drrcsrns m I 1 ,lt ,.r k i""-*t"s- I -, ,t,l ,,-t , '.'
    : Thc poi
    is undcticd arx=4
    (a iscritiml.minalpoinr
    @=ij '0) ,tl;
    =5 x6- 6xr + I :'Ihcdosim=lR
    (16)'.'J(x) (2t I :.rhedomain-n {21
    ,'.' a(9isund.Iin.ddI=0
    ,l'(j9=30x' 30x'=ltr'(r( l) rr aexr rrlru r. .rr . . Th. triric,l point is (0 , 0)

    ,puninsa@=o,rh r(-o d r & lf (l 1)'


    ." r1'. criricil poi'6 m (0 , 1) ! (l ,0)
    '
    pudns f'(l:) - o ..Jhd-*t"s-l -,at
    ,J'(1.) k *d.n".d r=2 e d.."i. te t; trr ='1i - r :rh.domin=m
    .. Tt. criri.al poinb e (0 : , n dm^i4 m l- - ,0[ , iiMiis on ]0 ,-[
    '0),(4 '3)
    .'. I hdarcming m l--,1[ , . f(to is undefined arx= I
    ilo)r(r='1G= ... rl* domiin = n
    ,', Thc cndcol ,oj!t ir (L 0)
    i\E-
    lt1) I lx)= xa +213 1x'1ax . . /'()O is utrdciined ar x = 2
    .: .r i,.""^*g * I -,ot,la,-t .'. Tte cniical poinr tu (2 ,0)
    ,lq=ax1+6x1 6x a ,deMsins m lo ,2[ ,]2,a[
    (3)r(r=i\ .. ftedon D=m {3}
    ,,hcD4(rr 1)+6r((,. r)=0 \7)t @=1"{r=
    .'. \x- l)14 x1+ 4 a+ 4 +6 rt= . ,,V,_
    .. J is dd@iig o" f- , r[ , i*i,s - ], , -[
    ... (x r) (4r:+ lo r+4) =o , . f(, kmdc,ired atx=3 € domain
    ,.'r'()ghunddncddr=2 rrorrrl='flilljt i rhe domin = ts
    ..- 2 ta t\ t2 x + t) (\ + 2) = o -Ihe
    ,'. TheEs nd !n .al poin6 - . cr icrl point ix (2 , 0)
    ..x=r ' -+0 -, , ttr-i
    (l ! 4), ( ,J'(,-0 ,thsir.=o
    .'. The cdticrlpoina arc
    i 'lt) , a(JO h undenmd
    .'. Thmn !rpotum(0,l),(l,o),( I
    'o)
    .. J h dccrcaiins on I -,3[,]3,-[
    (s)y=+x1G
    r4)11xr=16x-r ... n]" a...i" = [] ,-[ - rhc d.'nd! = IR

    , =',/7,
    :yrx r l:
    =--J:
    .ltx) 'dt= I
    : JndeE I -, 2[,]- ri:\ l =
    1i/;; r.{a
    -I
    r ,ot,lr ,-t
    dns m
    .. , r" r.-*'r"s
    ,,-*,a-l ,, +[,r, ,-r ,l(rh -d"ri*d d.I= ? ,p,"r"gfi=o ,,r,*'{7-r ,de.nsineoi l-- ,- 1J l0 ' rt
    '
    S]
    \r2l! \t=2 1\x ?)r .', Thedotuin=m ',' f(, h undcfincd ar )r = o e domaitr
    turroC={n,-.rx+: .r',r
    .', Thsrc\ no .iiri..l poins =
    ,/rn= r. it.r-2)r. I =-4(). 2rr ao) '.'Tlrdomain=k ll ,r[
    1,

    .I'! 16*'-) - r .i(x)=:


    .'. lhecriricalpoioa is (2 ! 2)
    ,;rr'-- *[ Ir
    : J is incEmins m l0 ,
    r+'zrr
    ,pu'tnsl(r=0 ...r=2€ doniin .. r,r,=l-*n.* ,=,
    ,'6,,in-{{r I
    , '.' l'(t) is uid.fined dr': 4r+r=0
    I
    tl , r<2
    i.Thcdomdtr=m-{1,-r} :(x 3)(x r)=0 x=3 o! x=l
    ... rx. PoiDh (3 !0),(l ,0) . . Th. crirical poinls h (2 , 3)
    .'.li.infuiis0rf-,r[,ddnljngd']?,*[ m cr ic,l rcmiial poina
    ..- (x+DO) (r+Dlr)
    u3)J(r=r +=r ,l
    ,: Tn! ddmin = m (01 .. f(ris mdenmd dr= r€ domoin
    '. Thert no riri$l poirs. r.JliMinsdl -,2[ ldqrEinco 12,*l
    t22t ! tt=7 ^17-ii;i ... rhcdonain=&
    is uod.6md d n: .., is drmi.s m I -, ri,irMhsml3,-[
    , J'(,o =o

    t2 t.x r), x:3


    ... TIEE\ io cniql ,oin6.
    '-t 'lr h-r+,,
    t2+(x-r) . r<3
    ,r1)
    ltt)= L t x+r+, ,
    ral rr+5 , r:r
    . j (I)-d).1,!, a,,r,-_,J -l-.r*s tx-t . .x<3
    .. ri! mcrcsinsm I -,ol ,lo,-t ,putriDsl(r=o .. x= l or - r tr . II
    (14)J(r=x++ ... rh. domaii =m- {o} :.f ln=1 .rix)=tr
    ..n'"".,t.re.*$*0,+),(,, +) |

    , r,l= r -! =-r!-I

    purins r(L,r = o rh.i a = r or l rr .


    I-r ,,r
    ,

    ,l(11
    ,

    dr(=o e
    'r,xr=l-,-. i l(r=lNo,di$ , i(=3
    I -, rt,l r,-t
    is und.fined donain
    .. ft. cririculpoinb m (r ,2) !( r '-?)
    .! / is decrains on t-, [, , *..,
    , iicrusins oi l- L l l f(rhrcrcxi!.dr=3 ','r'OOhiderh. arJ(=3
    \rtt !\4='[9-]/] ... Tn. domin = [- 3 ,, .'. lhc ciiric.l poink i3 (3 . . fi. cddcar poinrs h (l
    '
    2)

    .. J n incE6iis oi l-*,- r[ ,]r ,-[ ,Putins r'(ro = 0 .. Jr=0


    ,l'(risund.fin.dara=3 or 3
    , d.crusiis on l- L ol , l
    lo , Jiriiminsml -,rt,d-*r'E-F,-t
    c ric,l l *,3['iminco]3,-[ ..
    r
    -.. 1rr. poinr h (0 3) .. J is d4arins m
    and rlE poinb (3 , 0) !
    ' ( m
    ori(r=rr-* .rncdomii-lo,dl 3 , 0) criricol
    (2r)r(r)=3 lr- 21 ... Th. domin =m

    ..na,-+a +++r. + (-, iot tl Ir r.r u, , x:2


    rra[J= ]=\T tr+(:!l-) , r<2
    =+\ +rx-,1=j+
    ' I vx'
    r. -Lt t,r I x+\ - [2]
    '|)ulinsf(D=o ,!t i1- redomaiD. .,f i,'ln*inconl-:,0[,a*i"s-]0,3{ l.x+L x<2
    92 93
    ,'. 4(o )=f(01=o ,dH: ,punins/'(x)=o -=;
    rrr .r- .rrr"a p"r," * tz ,ol rl ,ol (] , f)
    . , , ..lh.-,*rP'-B'*(+.0).e.4
    i,r.) = ]o
    [-rx ir=l .l@ism, ist dx=,
    .'. Thc ciiicd poinr is (0 , 0)
    .', Th.. rical poinbm (l ,l),(2 'o)

    . Ji,d""*i"s- l-*'?t']r, 3[ .. rr.a"*^.e - lo,f[,]f ,r:r[


    ,r**'g- lz, f[ ,]r,-t ,r*.*r"s-l{,}[
    .. ris inmsiis oi l-*, r[ , ], ,-[
    lls) t \, = x' '{;:7 ( 2).t(, =.x+ 2 sin,x .. Thc donlii - 10 ,2 ,r[
    r/t ,
    . . rt" a-,:, = [-tr ,Ii ]
    lxr Itx:t=L ..rhedom tr=tl .-t J'(, = 0 +2ccr=0
    '':l+
    t1n) , pulins , rhei I
    Lr=: r
    " /lx)=]o
    L-.r' ..--- rlr-r
    +-!lr
    .. r tE-.* *

    _!L,j-t\-t'-
    -r'
    2rl r

    $x-r).'
    ,u,-.*x=l ,=+.+
    1' : criticd p.iib m
    I'o=1-
    , \'Vx- L
    15=i 'ti= T1E

    (+,,,33),(+,,.a6)
    t
    "' t x,,[x-r
    x,=+ ,=,f,+
    Ir,, , ,'(x) is und.tned !t x =0 e dmaii
    '
    a(D is undcfiied d .I = af
    'r,."ire=lo
    I r.r.' , rn. poi is(,,+)mdospoi
    - lo,f[,]f ,zr[
    .. cddcar
    .. ir" r*-*r"r
    : Tte cdricil poinr (0,0) (1, 0) is cndcal tminrl p.iit
    i9,9r,rrF'ro, r
    ,o.m6mBon l; ! t
    -do,.e"^s (1tt,o),C1r,o) * r

    .'. Tn. domlrn = lo ,2 Jr[


    : rt d.cG insmI -,ol .'.Jninftuiiso!lr,2l
    ,pudinsl(r=o .
    ""r=+
    1151(t=x ). 2l
    (f .f
    .'. Th. domin =m
    fx'-5tr6 , x.2 -,tn. p.."," .Vi)
    lx1-7x , x>2 ...lr,;.-*.g*1-16, @1 . r

    ' Ir11: jo .rrr=l,x'*sx-r, :.x'r '\;'-; r,f


    [-.r'+2r, x<2 [x'- sx* c .',: ,h,+t
    . 12, ) , x>2 , . I'(2l,J'0)
    'l{3lrr(3) ,,".,"^,,*."1+,,t,19,trt
    l-2.\+2 . ) <2
    r"' !t
    (l )r(rO= r sinI lh.d..di=lo,2til
    l2t 7 '.'
    f t",*-*t,,c-h,T[,]+
    -t
    :/(I=1nd+i,r r=2 "nt
    t-:x+2 ' .\<2 L*' , ,ulins J (JO
    =o
    ,ecsnconl6 , 6 t
    (4),(1)=sin2x Tl*do0,io Io,n[ -t/i) o
    ,', .. n"
    "ar:""r
    p.r,t
    " $, f . a(r=-4.'",J'@.0 Ixt+)
    (rr/r{=1zr+r
    'poniosr'oo = 0 : @s2x=o : 4.ra=o hs no solurion
    , , ./'(, < o ror all vdu6 of x ,'..J(rt =rtr1=J(r),
    qzx=+ i TIE iDdioi ir de@ins on &
    (3)r(j9 =r+ ln.r l2x ,
    :. ri.cdrr.a'eotnb@ (+, r,(+, r) ... yi, ,{[
    i,**r,g * ]o '
    doDdn = lo
    '
    -[ .'r,-ro=lu
    ,,'"**r.c-l+,+[ 'a(r=t*+ t,
    .. for.eh.,t>0 r rh.i Ja(Jo > O

    E(r)(a) (2)(d) (3)(d) (d)O) (5)(b) ,', f i, idGsins on l0 ' -[ , dEn 21=0
    (6)(e) (?)(o) (3)(c) l9)(a) O0) (c)
    , rr"r",***s- lo,+[,]+,,r1 Gr) (c) 02) (b) 03)(c) 04)(r) os)(c) ,do*i" lo,-t,lqr =, +
    ,d.mr"c-l+,+[ o .'.lq=+!
    {s )f (,=sin I+.inrI '. dom.in Io,2 d
    ,lt\=o ,-+
    .: l(I) =6sI+zsinrosx .'.1(r=s'r- r =b:r( f(, h und.rii.d da=o q donlin
    '
    .'. Th? cdri@l Doinr is (o , 2)
    :.d.J((r+2sinr=0
    r-.*r:relo,f[ ,rmmx'o
    ,r risd*Eingonl--,ol
    ...cosx=o .r=+.+ r., *r xelo,f[ ,r*to,o
    or(l +2 sior)=0 ,,sinj(= + .. rkmcEsDsdh,i[ t1 2\
    ...1=l! oi M ..y;a**;,g-]o,j[
    Dx_3
    i Tic crtrt.ar Frnb @ (+,4 ,(+ ,0) II ,r**r,,s-l+ ,-[
    (!\-J
    ,(?'-+)'(*'i) h (r=l ()O s (r) ror erch r€ m (5)r()q=3-ltrx' .rt"ao,an=m-{o} ,... | O, ft3t+ fe)
    Lt) =J

    by difreEidoring wirh cspet b x .'.^n=#-; l-2 , x<l


    .. .ltrr = lnor.,i", , x=r
    ,f(x) n nodetu.d d).=o e doDanr
    , ... l(,) < s'(x) rtr .rh r € R t,
    .'. Thc cdriel poinr is (3 , I )
    "rhr*-"t"s-h,+t,l+,+[
    :
    "[,a*"*'g-]f ,?[
    ,lug,u Tne funcrion h is d@iry toi *h i( e ts ... lisi,@\iEol.-,0[,&adnsm]0,-[
    ,l+,+t (6) E\\=ztn)t-x1 rl," -[
    o ... domoir = l0 ,

    'Eirl=l z*t
    zx
    15116=r:r-r'r,a""";"= [0,][ ..,isddaiisdf *,3[,iminsd]3,-[
    ,pdndsi(r=o,h.n2
    i rr(,=4-se1r= 4"r+t 2x1 =o
    tr-ar-x'
    ...r-r* redmii ,

    *,=+ .x=*
    ,pu iis r'(, = 0
    '46J1-t=o ,g'(x) h und.,io.d arx=0 e donain 12.\-4
    ,.. JO)=r(ll=J(l)
    1
    , r'o
    i(>t
    ),l(,5
    -*,=-+ .:a.TEdomdn
    I-4-2x ! x<r
    ,l'(, is und.fin d d oJ x = o
    ,.r=+ e d-*"
    .'. , is iicMinc otr l - ,0[ n =l-(-, .
    .. sisimtumsolo, r[,deMDsm ]r ,-[ t,
    ,puriEr(11=0 ,,hd x=-, .'. 'hc.rii.sl poi n(0 ! I) , pN,ins l(j9 = o .'.re[2,4[ t:t. iir=rr:+zor+:
    ,IL !-l , ,, rr ,. Jk ircrcdins on tand polymni

    ,,i,rT,-l-:1
    ,-t t- I F----t.l - .. dis..ininm( = (2 a)r -4 (r) (r)ro
    ." The .nlical poid m( 2 !7)
    '(l ,-2) ..,0."*,'""- I -,-,t,lo 'rt
    ....rnincEsinsoil--, 2[,]r,-[ ,d@rcasingm I Lol,l2,-[
    ..1r,,".*r"c -l "',rt ...E[-3 ,3]
    ,dmrcdinsm I 2,rl :D (4)... i (jg = 3 rxr +5,purdns](!-o
    r1r+ r
    ...3krd+s=o .
    I (x)=!x1+bx: +c 1+d
    'l,=ii
    l5 r' .-, Thc .ud. prsd LlrouEh rhc poinr (0 ,0) Thc cquation hN reo sdlurion wh.n k < 0

    !.../(rl=J (rt=, (r),l(1r +l(rl .: k€l--


    '0t
    , j,,,r:r=la=!9111=,s,',".
    (! ponu(
    P
    f r)o=lmsd . ).= L , r dr= I is crirical poin. U'(l)=ol
    P

    Lx (l)
    [c<lt]'
    , putins.f'(, = 0 2ir=0 , rhe lin.9 i(+ y = m buch.s

    . -." a rt'" p",t (z , r ar)


    pdirivc
    =
    .'. 'Ite c.itr.al poitrr is (l ! 4)
    .'. z h poeniv. md incEding.

    (6) '.'l(rh m incesins nrndion


    ,pdliisa(r=o .'. x€ [r 'a]

    (i) i1) ...(r r)(2 j(+ m) - (rtr + 61+ 4):0


    :.t'-:x-- l>o
    : Th. discrininor 3 0
    (-a2 a(l)(-m-a)so
    I :. Jis iiceNrsm I -, r[,]4 '*[ ,.,

    2 TD .'.n< 5 .mel -, sl
    m (l)(c) (2)(c) (r)(b) 14)(c) (s)(c) t7l'. 1t,i,-xt+tal+,2a+t
    [r rx-21 . 4<rr2 (6 )(a) (7)(b) {3)(a) (9)G) ,. i \D=3x'+2,x+ 12
    (r)J(x)=11
    Inslru.lioN to elv. numb.r 0 ,'. TL lun.tion, hd no.ndcal poi .
    t, - , 4<1,3 .'. Th. disoiDimnr < 0
    ...
    ! A\ - I t2) = I @, I l4t = I \{t = J t4) .,. (2a)2- 4(1) (12) <0
    k..,", =1 , aet = f (!),r'(41 *l(4')
    . . nre fun lioi f h decftainE
    .-.4 < t44 --n1<t6
    s'1

    -r,n=l:, ,. x>x- 1 ..i\x)<llx 1)


    . <6 .. 6<r<6
    I rtx 2) ' -4<r<l (2).. fisde* ins ..itrr.o
    .',

    [:lr =2

    ,r11 =
    t"
    io
    (s):f (r=
    :i(,=n(k(r),t(,
    cok) (-! " h (k(x))

    , putins l'(rl) =0 '$en2I=0 Thlr sorisfies oDly lhei a < 0 aM discnminMr


    , ... ri (, k posilivc ror.eh x e [a , b] r0 h
    t, , 4<Ir3
    ,...r(reG,bl t7)tt=+x"-x' -'. A!:r = I n\eE is a l@d niiinud v tr.

    .', 'nE lurtiotr h6 a loc.l mirimum vslu. ,l\r=xr -3 x1=a'1e.-j) = ! \1)= 1

    , '.' i (, i, n.coliw ror ach r e k , bl ,f(!=o arn=o or r=3


    ... arx= r lnerc h I tsal minimun votue
    . ] (, (r (I)) , i
    o!r=- 3 i= o t*e*i"o
    = ri (r) = posiri,e =J( l)=_l
    x n.sariv. = n.soriv. r0 o.h x € [r , b] i IlE tunctioD h6 a lmal mdinun v,lE
    .'. Th. tuN.id , is demjng oi l. , t[
    ." At I =0 rh* i! no l('r m.rimln or ..r(r= 151' 15x' .'. a(, =o
    (9)..J(r=e(')+s(t Jo 14 ) \' J(n=2x1 +! r'1 12x+5 , r5)r'-l5x'=o .-. 15x'(x'-l)=o
    ..i(,)=s'(r-d(1-, I l6)=6r'1+6)< 1?.=61x1+x 2) .. It. f4rim h4 0lel ninilllm qlE a! r= 3 a=0 or j(= I or r=- I
    ,..;(-r1.o ... d ()i) d..rc"i,s
    studyiDg imesiry d
    is

    dsE6iig ofJ
    =6 (x+ 2) (x_ D ,J (3) =?
    .'./'(jO=o dr= 2 0 x= I
    :!(re<io, '. itrq- rzr* o ..icrl.o .. f(r=4(-r-t)r,J'(r=o dx= I
    r, ft. frdin lkl nuimm Yalu., (
    ,,+
    tus a r)=2
    ,'. TIs. is 3lcd @imum vdE -, ( 2)=25
    ... ret+, rl : 'fte tumroi hs a ltril minimm urc I (l) = -2
    .. rlsdaEsiisml+ 'rI .'. Tturtis rlm.l ninimun vdu.=l(l) = 2
    ,', TlE firdio hs o lorl nidlrM vltE dx = I
    -'- flf,,=2x<\ 3J*lx 3)'
    :d(I)>i0-, \s\f ln=x1+1\1 s)t 7 =(r 3l lzx+ x,_ j)
    ,.+ .. reto, +t : l(\=3 x')+6\ e (e)f(t=\(t-+x'l-a +a' l(r=o dr=3
    =(r.3)(3r_3)
    o. .x= l
    .. rhiicctuinsdlo +[ ,l(ro =o x1+6 x s=o
    + t-
    -',3
    ' :. t@=t-4x1 ,f\n=oa'x= +

    lll
    @@ ... r'?+ 2.r 3=0 ,., (x+3)(.x l)=o

    ,j 6=ax*a .. i0)'oeo"irr*) i I1,. tunctiu has ! locil nuinnm aalD


    ,i=2-r+4 'di=o :Tn E i6 o l@olmidihrm vslue i Tte iudio hs a len mdmum vd@ d r- +
    :x=-2 i =, (posi"c) , ,r(+)= + .. TIE tuic.idhdalocal Di munvdu
    : TL 6!dio ha.ldl minil]u vdE d x=,2 .'. 'Itcc b a locll muimum valuc ,tlE i{did hd r hcal miniM vdE r=:1

    ,,(+)=? @tre.)-+ra 4x3 zxz+4ax


    ,l tD--6 7x ,tjt4=o .'. f tt= x1 i2t'-4x+4s

    : r(=- r ,l'(, = - 2 Grca.iw) =,'1 lx- t2) - 4 <t - t2)


    . .
    ,IIE
    frnldiolru ! lcl minM ralE dx=- 3
    ...l(t=al -a x.=a x\x, t) =\x t2)lt'-4)
    ,Ja(r=o dx-2 -4i(ir D(r+ r)
    ' l',.n=o stx=t2I \=2 t x--2
    .'.4(r=odJ(=oo,).=ler= r
    \3)y = + x'-ex+2 I i tk=t2)t. 4 ,:i(o)<o
    ,i=r'-e di=o '
    .. At x= 0.herc k r lo..l muimum exln.
    r At x = 2 L\ec is ro lo.al huintrn or r Tb. furc.im ha r ldsl nitrimnn
    otx= t2,t(12)--t44!)
    . fi. frrdinn hx\ r ldrlmiiirm value E {4)r(J9=r(+tl ,3rIrn=-.r.2
    nr= 2,r( 2)--63 (2)tb) (o) 14)(b)
    (3 ) (s)(d) (!' 1t 'r' a x+3
    luinm ( 7 ) (b)( 3 ) (b) (9 )(a)
    ,un=r*.r-=lir!r? ,-, ftn =2xlri'7)
    . . nr. fun.nm ha o lo.al valuc (10) (d)
    tx-2t tx lf
    ll2)(tr) O3l (d) (14)(.) (15)(b)
    .', l'(!=o'rhmJ(: 4r+r=o
    (17) G) (13)(d) (19) (r) (20)(a)
    a(r=o {(r-r)1=a
    r. a(, =32rj a{1 ar
    whcnf(r=0 ..313=(x-21 ql
    (l)r(x)=r++
    .'. Tte donaii otihc fundioi is: m {O} ninihun vduc
    . . Ihe flndion has ! l@el

    dr=3,i( I)= r cesdivo . . The fui..iotr h6 a lcal ndinud valDe


    .'. Thm func.ion hsola,rn hun val@
    .'. Tn. function h.s a l@01 mininum vde ,l(-r1=0dr=rdn=-1
    ,0e fdid na o l@l oininm vdE d x = 3
    dr.= 7tl\-2)--123 G)t@=;a'x12
    .', 'nE fiMion hd r ld.l ninio@ !,lE Jl=I r9,,(}.)=ljil
    .-. ltn = 4]f1 \x + 2l +2 xl lx+2.) ,.. j( l)=-2Gesab*) '
    ine domin orrhc tunc.ion h : )k {l ,- l}
    = z x1 \x+ z) \2lr+ 2) + , ., Th. fumtion h6 r lr3l ndimun vdue .'. Th* is Do poin6 in tne domoin mLes
    - ao(' r) (x ,(2,
    =2xt\x+2)Ga+4) l'(, =o.r undclired.

    ,/(rO=o or r=o o' x= 2 or x=+ : The tumtion ha no l@d ndimuD

    ,', Th. dondi of r rurcrion h: lts- {o}


    r6rli)0=ii ,'(r=o { aa'?+6}i-a=o
    /t.u=zr*:x'=drl ,...2a2- x+2h6 noE l hots
    ,j(D=, o r_' . .'/inro , dE dohlin or rhe fnmrion = R - {I } 3

    .'. Thefunctioihas m ls,l m idun


    .'. Th. lundion h6 a l@d mininDm wlue ,l(, das tut.xisr ar r = o (l _r-
    bd o e $. domoin or $. tunc.ioi
    , 6. tunclioo ha i l$d miiimum value tutrdion
    ,f@-o *xlx-2t=o
    ,', ThcE h m critical poinb for tnc

    '
    ih. donain ofrhe tunctioD n: It {3,- 3}
    rh. luicrion hls r local ruirum volu.
    r
    rh. doDdnorrhc runciion k: le {0}
    '
    , J'(t) =3 x'- as ,-:
    o . . T1E hftdm ha a I@l mininM vd@ d I = o <r' cf tx' sl
    ( r ) TE ixdion hs a kal mdihum !al@ ,l (0) = 0 ,]txr-exnxx' , lhc nrmUo ha a h.l m0inum wlw d Jr = 2 a(r) =o arr'-lox+e=o
    iid o lmd midnmvalu.,IO) =-4 ...f<n=o dx=2 u x=-2 (7) J (rO =,
    The irnclioi h6 ! lerl muimum value
    -u
    domii orrhc is:B {l}
    { 2 ) tunction
    I= 'dE
    'l( l)=-2 md ! lc.l minimm v.luc : T@ 6rdid hs a locrl miniDD vanE d 2
    -._ - Lr-I)+(r +n !
    ,i( 2)= 24(n.sdivo or' 0,
    (I ITtu6trti hsrtr.lmi,llm$lw,J(0)=0 .'. IrE turction hB a lmal minimum v,l@ d x= 9
    . . T1le func.im h6 a lsul mxinum vslu.
    niiihun vlluc I . . Th. tumrim hs m lMimm or ninimm v,lB. , rhr hdid hrs e ld,l ffiinun vale d r=I
    od a local
    'J(l)=
    r''rrr=i;i , , Th tunctid ha a lo.d minlmm vdE .. ,l.(r) und.nred x=o o, x=e

    </'+Den-1'1-Der)
    .., (r= + (r r) r=-r!
    ' r1(x-d ,'. Tn turclion ha no lE.l muinum
    .', r'(x) is un&fitr.d s r= 2 : Ths functio hs ! lfal muimum volu.
    ,c ,le,
    .\z't-ir/ oo)J ixl ={;=
    , rh. fto.dd na a bcrl miniM rdlu. d (9 ,0)
    , .hc domain ot rh. tuncrion i6 [- 2 , 2]
    .', Tn tuncrion hs a l@l minimm valu. , rh. tuftdd ha a locrl miniM ealoc a (0 ,0)
    .'. Th.E r no l@rl Mimum wlw u ls.l
    vt t w =dffa,domoii=e-{-2} ,ftktnd.fttud dx=2 0t x=-2
    (r+r)(6x+t 0r'+5x'25)(r)
    .. J rr1=; rr rir =i 1.r-r
    6116=l'{@-8
    ,r)o=3,r,t+=--_L
    - rll-,
    l(x) is und.fin.d dx=2 fr0iiM
    l(,=o vh.n3r':+ 12n ls -o ,', Tn tudioi haaIGI v.iEar(0 ,2)
    ., x1+4x-5-o ,rh.ni(=l d x=-5 or) r" (, =!t-t
    .'. 'IrE fixrdio has B lGrl mininu vrlE d (l ,0) ! th.domah orde tumrion L: ts I r,3[
    t r I r t:rl ='t[ rx -.rt'
    t6= -1:
    .', Thc tunctiod hc i lerl nlninun valuc a.
    ..'nEhtrdmh r lcil minilrm valm d x = I (2 ...irn:ix, (r lr+1} 2rr 4i ..4(r=o dx=o e d," d.-.,
    dd i lo.al minm vilue .I - '0) ,J'(i)uDdenmd dt=l tr 1= 3
    5
    <st r a=|"{i.i? =lr 4,(l=+,lri) .r 1r'
    El ..11ro=!q tx\ 1< uit _,r a, rx -a, d r\=rY_ar dl:4\
    r=*11
    ' r'r? ' 'r'tri'
    lrr=-ix -sif 1=0
    rlr ,', J'(j.) undorincd d .'. Ar x=- Sa clitical po,rt (lcmin,l).
    lhcE h
    "1t'17
    ,f q=o urx=t
    ",
    x=i '
    !t J( = 3 de
    citicll point (lernin!l).
    is 0

    ,llr,"a**a *x= t .'. Tn fiircliotr hs no lNol muioum

    ozttr:r,,=1'[,+t
    .', IEn@im las.ledMitM vrl@ddE /l;i /1a= I1x'-a*, : x=----J-L
    lc.l 1, rllix?
    : 'Ine is rc loclt Mimm s miDimu valB.
    ,', Ttc nrncrior ha r muimum value J(11=0 dx=0
    ,".../;,
    {17'41 ,l(x) udein.d dx=r2
    i/rxl=i{x+2) r=*a ttt t rs-;,[d:ifr 17,
    ' I tudid
    .. J'(l) is und.6ned dx=
    r'l r+
    2
    .. S@-! v' e5\ et ot
    ,dE

    rsrtie=rE-
    ha a bcn friiimm vilE rt 14
    '0)
    _ rt2x-9)
    !:,[x\t_, , rh. domin dr rhc tundion [3 , -[ . .
    T
    h. tuncrion hd a lcal mi.inun ulue
    S1e=o
    "x-l "(",16)
    to5
    .. The i ndion hasa ltral marimum valE , rh. runction hm r lo.al maximum value

    /(r=rrxr+(2x_trix - ,. Thc tundion hasr lcal minimm vaLue


    dr=+ 'r(+)=5+
    is)', y=sii I(l +.osr1
    1ri\ r {r x
    06) I (i) = xr rir l .'. Tne fundiotr has a lcrl minimum value .r y =sin.t+ |ii.I cos

    ..y='i"x.j"-z:r
    ,a(), dennrd d r= o ,,ra..ma,r,. r,*,-" = [ f ,f ] dx=+,r(a!3 )=+-13
    .. r (rr = r' , .i- +y'i -r' .,x
    ,i= "t'x ,".,x
    1/1 r'
    "x=+'t\+)=+.fi
    1r;= '[i 7 (2)l(,-2 s;x-2 -+:
    :. The luncrion hr r locrl mdimm vrlm
    f(r=o dr(r) n=o .r l(r=o s@r l=2 .'. (2cosx l) Gos.x + l)=0
    .. Thc luidion hNa loslminimum vilrc ,r,""x=o
    ",
    r=,l[ x=-1tr
    ",
    fi^.^. y= r1
    tzo
    x=L ..2.*r=rrt*-,:r=j .r=+
    f(, mdotiiod r-r 1/l ormsi(+ I =0 rhus corJa=- I (rcnrscd)

    0o / (, = r:1[ f,r
    ," i(9 = "*+-,,*24=irE.o
    , rh. domm or / = [ r ,@t
    .. ax=+ne. i, ",oa,-ui.u-*,ue
    +
    ,r(r)=i[f,r+] :1r+l .'. Tne fundion has.lool mainum v ue
    /(9=,'"+.+".?
    .'. Tl'e turction hls ! lool molimun volu.

    ,fH -,1t; u(ta,z)*a(-8,:) ",=+,t\+)=+-' =9.+.9=;o


    .'. Thc fun tioi hB ! l@!l nininum val@
    .'. /(, undelined d x = 3
    . f(r=o dE" x= I d,Na=+,+ .. tl," t-.l r-1.,. ro* = ff
    o Itl
    , (, =ill= x: .r(r=?r, .:
    .lt .-, f(x)= a . x2 x-z\=-sxe x'1

    . . rli tunc on has 5 rcer mini0um varuc .', Thc funclion ha ! loel mlxinum valuc

    ^, --n ,rn\-tri
    os) | t\ = x'. '[i;1 rh. Iunction htr r lcal nininun value
    '
    , rhe domaitr or rhc funcrion = [ s !-[ r. Tnu fundid hm ! led ninimum yalu. I 10) = 0 dr=+,r(r{a)= i,
    , [-r^zr E 1ryy14= j"i"zx+: .frrr=.o"zr
    Thc tuiaiotr h6 a loll ruxinum volu. J (0) = 4
    1'lx+5
    /(x)=xr+rr.r f(r=r
    ... x:+ l .. r(1]=o dr=+,14
    - x':+4a'?+:0a llgla r.,hd n*.s r(, = 0 .'.l(i]= ex, - l +c'G -!-2e'-i(e'
    4r.l ,{ i meE n m vdres or

    l(r=o da=o o, r= 4
    i nEtuictimh6m1trJln imum0mi mumulB.
    ,a(r) und.nneddr= 5
    0
    (r ) l(x) = 1+2corx .r l'(r.) =0 .'. rhe furcrion h$ a lEJl minimnm value

    .'. .0* a -: ! .'. x-24,44 ,,=+,ie)=,+ ft. tnndion hd a ldllmdimtrh ralu.f(2)=e'

    106
    ... The fr.rion h8 a rmal muinDm vstue , lne rDnc.iotr h6 a lool miiinun vilue ar .'. Th. tunc.ioi hu a l@ mlnimuh lahc at
    o!x=3 ,lG)=5
    , d'e rmctioi hds d lolal mininum valus ar , d,. fnmrion ha a l@ol Mimum vatuc !r
    . F(, =o o!x= r
    lx1 4x , \>4
    l\h=l ID (s)l'(rl=4 ,l(11=2 .'. l( l ) does nor eii.
    L x'+ar , r<a
    (o)=2 T61 2 t x<r
    ...1<4\=4 , f (4")= 4

    rh. tundion ha a rm0r miDimum v,lu., (r ) I


    = l(r=o dx= +
    (4)J($=3 hx r: , r>o t, ...1(, =o dr=o (Etus.d)

    ...t(li=*,x ,d1>4 t(JO .0 at.x = 2 (reIusd)


    ,a(r=o lh a 2x=o ,at\<4 ll{,-0at\=2
    ,-, Th. tundion hu I lmur minimum varn a! . - TI. luncrioo ha: r ldal mininnn valu. a!

    ll -if
    (2)le1=3 ,lpl= r
    ( { )J'(ol=o ,l(o1=-2
    I Ths lunctioD htr i locil n mum vzrE d
    'fte tututid hns i 1cJ m inmvJE!,(2)=ll5
    ... n e lurcriotr ha , roc,r minirD{ vlluc !r t- r
    Io
    Ir+2 trr-2 , r>o
    Ir r.rrn=rr+ r r=1
    r 4
    .d r<o: f (, =od x =o (rc.usd)
    '.'r(-r)= r ,l'(-3)= 1

    ... The tuncrion h,s a lr3l minimun vsruc ar .dx<0:l(!=oar-l


    rr , r'r
    '/ '' =1 , ,.-,
    lGl=e ' I
    .,..t'(3)=
    (31=-e
    3dmsd.xist (3)/'(r)=6 ,l(rt=6 ... F 0)=6

    /r).=i
    t 1r'+6x , r<r .,. The tundion hos r loc,r muinum vorue ar

    .'. a(]o = o .!1=o (rchsed)


    r, 'Ihs ttidion hd r Isd minimun vilu n
    1= 3,.i( r)= xlx-2) = o ... The funcriotr h6 no l(sl morimum or , rhe ,unction hr n lsil niDinum vzlu. at
    r ,'(D = o ar 3
    t-x+3 , rrl x=0(rcrus.d) oi r = 2 (erued)
    lr.+2 , r<3
    (4)r'(ll=-6 ,l(n"2 ID
    ln(ro =o
    '. f(31= L fc)=r
    "l
    ,-3I(I-2)=0
    t2 . x>l
    Lr , .\<l
    (t)
    .,. The tundion h8 a rnar mqintrn vatue ar t (0 , 6) e!h. tuiction 1 d = 6

    'toa
    ro TD
    (1)(b) (2)(b) (3)(d) (.1)(a) t d- l) (x- 5) ,

    Itrnm'tum b k runbrtE ,,,,,o=] ,, r,, o , , rhc frin.tioi hs a l@01 DinirDm vslue 3t

    ( 1) r y.Ix
    Io r,, o
    . l(51=2 , I (51=-2 .'. The lunc.ion hls a local muioun vduc at

    ...3= r , b=5 , c=-3


    ..
    |"; =,r, ].t":r= t.t"r
    ... i =y(r +rn, = r'(r + rn, (3)l(lt =3 , /(r).0
    .'. Ttm is a lcal meimm velue or (2 , 2)
    ar rh. s.riona,y Fin! i =o ,f(!\=2,IO)=-2
    ,at4)=o , l(4')= r
    TD ..lni= L.I=.'=+
    (21-.-I@=x++
    ..i=r"r:+,br+c, i=6,x+,b im=] .rx*r ,
    -t
    '.' (- 3 3) i !.ririel poiii i a(x) =0 arx=-3
    ..i(r=r +,pd,i"si(!=o t,.- /(r=lo
    t,
    '
    ...0-27a 6b+c ll)

    ...3 = 27a+9b 3c+d t2)


    , '.' (- I - l) is cntic.l ,oin!. .'. Ti. tunction h6 a l@al muimum value d
    ' .. dI= l ,tncr ir a ldd Minun vilu. : Tn. funclion ha a ldal m imun value ar
    of th. tu'.ton , 3r x = I LheE h a lmal
    .',0=3a-2blc (3) minimun value oI0F tunc.ioi
    '
    6. tu(tion hs r lm,l Dinimum wlue
    ! 1ne tudion hd a leil ndimun vdlc d
    !.( I! l) e dE tuDcrion i0=-r,b=r _._J@=!t-t)= 2
    .'.-l=-a+b-.+d ,Ilb)=Illt=2 ..J(a)<lO) , rhe lurctioo hs a lErl ninimum value it
    (4)
    -:elr,4[ *h.e t(x) = o
    ffi dticrl point rhem i lsal
    which
    j t;.t=o'r- rrl lr+; , xsl '
    j. a= Lb= 6 ,. = 9,d =3 ... t = rn 'x , purine i tr,:l = o
    t,," muinum d minimnm wlu..

    i. (-l
    '-l)h a lmal nidmunvduc
    t,. @
    By solving dk rwo .quarions

    i. (-3 3) h ! locll rdimum valuc,


    ft1) -2 , l\3')=2 ...1Q)=2 x'-4 x+3= a x- z x'-9
    '
    : The fun.rion b irc@sing on rhc inEdlls 'li4l=2 ' F(41= r

    l0l L\d ir is d.fin.d on md ntr inlinib numb€r .-. x1 4 x+4=o (hus1=2


    of niticol poinrs ed nls no lcrl ,l (6)= r ,l(65=r
    Iuinum /diiituuh v !* -a+=, x a . i+=3-ax
    .iol="''h,ioc,putinsE@=o t,,.,." (rdr )x-,,= 4 4=0. (.;)r r=3 3=o

    :, x- 21)19 ,1t21) ,20zl 6 20zz t-'


    .. The tus€rcy point is (2 , l)

    , rh. fui..ion ho a l@il mqinum volrc ar )a =2


    ..0= l2r+46+c (3)

    Frcm(r),(2)6d(3):o=+, b= 5, c=12 .'. atI=20l9rheEisalm n inum value ofs

    110 111
    .', Ir nrmUm rr ha a lml miDimM v0lu. d I =2 ,J'(,=0ux=0elr,al ,. rai,= 4,r (+)= ! E
    ,x=2el,4l ( 2)(a) l!)(c) (d)G)(s)(d) (6)(r)
    '-.' lllJ=-z'll2t- a,l o=t6 Thc nucdd he lb$lur. mimnm
    (3)(c) (9)(b) (10)G)Gr)(b) (r2) (.)
    .'. Ttc fudion ha atsolut DuilM
    E!
    ,', Itc ftudid l, hs a lml muimum vdre -I = 2 md aboolur minimm vale = - 4 a, =2
    ud ob$lut minimun value : 4 ar x = o l(, =.1+b, f(a)=odr=a
    @o
    ar

    \6) ! (rO-,i3 -9 a2 +)a \- t


    t t'o=llt,dx=+*bx*:
    ,'. 0<0,J k aquaddic tucdon
    l@=3x'- tra+2a ,l{n=o ,l(1o=2-2X 1=2 !
    Ol i x=4elo,5l ,-t=2e10 ,d
    r. Jh6lbslut buiduiralu. ,(=A
    1l\
    (r )f(r=3-5r-x? : fln=-5-zx '
    1',J(0)=- l , ,(2)=le ,.i(r=0dx=re[-r,, o
    ,l(D=o dr=-;el 4 ,31 , J t4)= 15 , ,f(, is undcrin.d d-t=oeI r ,3]
    ]t? tuDcrim ha ahslut'(5)=19
    Dqimu
    '. t eq=1,r (-+)=e.25,t \1)= 2t Elue=,9d4-2,Jl=5 ,1;l(- l) =-5,J(0):0 !l(D. I
    .,. nE ntrtio ha lbrolu@ Minum
    volre=925d1= ; !d ab60luE hinimm v'lE = -I dr=0 ,t tt)=6-3*',[d- o.za ,lG)=o r=3etr,61
    trd lbsoluE ninillm vzlue arx=3
    (7) ! lrl= ti] -9 x2 + t5 t. h dhsoluG mqimun
    TIe fuicrion ux=-3€[r,6]
    , = 2r
    ,t(,isund.nEdax=oe[,,6]
    3 i(':- rs 1+ 15 = 3 (x'-6 x + 5)
    .. r'(JO =
    oty =xl s ' H=lx'1 ,ra@=0da=5e[ , ,'. r(r)= lo,, (3)=6,r(o=]l
    'a] dx=
    ,dli=oai=oeto,, dx= l e[ 2,4] ,rd lb6olut minimnm valE:-5 I Th. funcrion h6 obsolut nuimun value = I0
    ex= I Md.b$lue mi"imum
    '-.-
    J@)= 9,J12)=-l ' : JC2)- 14 'llt)=7,l<4t=-m
    i Tle functio hB lbsold! ruiinum r Tle 6fttion ha absluE mimm valE =? f \n - x1 t2 x, = t2 ).. tx - t)
    o
    tz) t @-l:-
    ,l(r=oarr=oeI r ,rl
    dd rhslur. oinimum volu. =, 9 d n = o .rd abslft ninim@ valrc = -?4 ar x= 2
    ,-x=lE[-r,2]
    (3)16)=x'+2 :. flr=ax, (3') ! lx)=)(3 + x1-5 x- s
    , ..J(- r)=7 rJ(0):0,J0)=
    ,l'(r=odx=0€[-l ,2] :f<n='tx1+2x-5
    1 .'. .a(, =o ex =I €[ r,3]
    ,. f(-tt=t,Jl0)=2 'l 14=ta ,t(r=oar,(=- i €t-6,01 d].= ret r'11
    hs rbslub ndmu
    Tn. tunction h6 oblolur. Minum ,'. r(- l)- 2,1(l)=r,rt:l=9
    ,', Th. funcliotr
    dx=rel-1E,ol 'Ih. fnncnon hs absolub nuidun valu. = 2
    ,',l( 6)=o absluc ninirun - l.rI=
    md ahsluc mininum valu. = 2 ar I: 0
    and val@ = t
    ind absolDr. minimum v!l!. =- rt L = I
    ,t(ra)=S 2
    t4) I on= x,tx1- t2\- x1 12x 't<ot=-s
    Tll tunctid h6 lb6oluk Mimum ll$=Bx'-21=2a@ ).' -
    orlrrl=x* L ro= r -1
    lta =3 x2 - tz , ftr, -o D
    ,,:--rllar=t'
    ,-,

    arr=2eI r,4]orx=-2€[ r,4] ,l'(r=0dr=0eI r,r] l(r=odr(=l€[+,,


    od rlslub ninimE vllG = - 5.r x= 0 ,,.=+et-r,rl,r.= +el r,rl
    ,...r( l)= r ,r(2)=- 16,f(4)= 16 ,,=_,6 t+ ,.1
    ,', Th. funclioi ha ibsolub Mimun ,. r rr=r,f(-+)=+ ,l(risud.ni.ddx=o€[], 3l
    :- I (u = tx, - t), 2 Ix - 2\ + tx 2\2
    ,t to)=t,r(+)- + ,r ti)=, ,. r(+)-2+ '! t\=2, r s=3 +
    md .bmlut. miniDum value = - 16 ar a =2 =(x_2)<3x 4)
    Th. frrndian ha absDlut muimum valu. = 2 ai Th. lunc.ion ha ibslub nuiDur val@
    ,1(,-onx=2elo,5l x= r nr,.rrr ,iol.r-,4* = J
    ,*=+eto,, ",a =rla;=r
    :. fl,l=3x1-6x=3xtx 2)
    ".- +.,=+ ed absoluE minimum valE = 2 at I =t
    11e
    I nl tlrt = t,*"' ,/(, ismdcfiiedd x= r elo,el
    ./'(r) =msi! sitr:t,ll, =0 ... aoi =a:"
    !( D+2re'j=xti(2 , ,.. i(0)= r,J(1)=o,J(e)=4
    ..osI \iix=0 ..bnir=l a(r=orh*:!-o€[-r,rl The fundio. hN absolurs mdi'num valE=4
    r= J.
    ,rnltrx=+eto
    €lo ,, nl ,x=2€[- r ,3]
    .. /i mdrb$luE miiimun' vrlE=0arI= I
    ,. /(o)=r'r(+)=f lr=c '/ m) =0,/(2) =-
    ,a(io=o x=i r e[ 2,21 ts)l(xl=x{r-:!
    ! rr 2r=i ! rr rr=i.rl)=t 'r (q., )=
    'Ite lundion hs
    f lb$lut
    'rr:,o-r
    mdimum valu.
    ,/()=+
    ..iLr=x.-4'tll
    Thc ruicriotr has abslure m lmumvllue=e
    ,lQ)=1 _ x+2 ?x =21!r
    'Irre fundionhls dsolure mrri'iu'h vdr = l ."d,h'"1,,..,,,,.,.,"1,. = \tr", I =+ md rbsolut minimun valu. = 0 a( x =o
    ?{Lj ,1r-
    {3 ).I(x) =2 sinx+ cG 2x ./rr)=0dx=ier r. Ll
    Rrrb$ruk mrnimm uruc= + r= r
    /'(x)=2.osx-2sii2a=2cosr 4sitra a
    E
    oosa;zcosa(l 2 sin x)
    'l'(, ismdenmd d r= r€[ r,r]
    ,h""x=+Eto,+1.,=+eto,+l ,r(rhmdcri"cd r= r€ 12,sl - ., ,fi
    , /L Lr= 1/2.I(i)= ar.I( )rn
    The fundion has ,bsoluo niximun
    , . l ll) nrhe $solute maximum lduc of -r :.i" r=0,r,",,t r= ] Thrunctionh $slurcnaximun'value=2
    rr. fumrtoi rwhercreto !41 ... r=+Eto,+l*r=+eto,+l

    . rtl)i\ alocal mlximn value


    r
    'r(o)= L/(+)= '/({)= I and ,bsolure minimm valu. = I d .x = 2 andlbeluc miiimm vllue= 12arr= I

    nc tum,ion hsab$ruc mdiinum uruc = 3 i:rti:rl='t/i ,


    "
    , i,ro =.' -G
    . r1l = I x-ir ..,.I'(, =:r rx': '
    "'=+ ,f(:rt " -ddi".ddx=oE[- 3 ,31 2l/\ :U
    ..
    1 xi=o
    r lb$nfo miiimu$ vdue
    and = latr=0
    ! ../( 3)= 2,1(0)=0,.i(3)=2
    'r= r€to,al -,.+ ,l(r=odx=+elo,d
    'nre lunction hiN ibsolut n,xi'num vdu. = 2
    , .I(D=0 , J(4)= 52 , I(r)=? ,f($ i",.d.,i*dd r= l)6[o,e]
    l lrc ib$lnre minihm vrlue -- 52 l(r=rox.'( 1)* roc '= rotr(r ! ,..r(o)=o,r(+)=+,f €)=6
    and 5b$lur minisum vdue --2arx= - 3
    ndimun rr1u.
    o ... loc
    x(l ..-I=16[0,4] (!)l(!=1r6--f
    Tho fundion has ablolutc =6

    (r)r(x)=sinr ...a(r=os1 '=0 r,:Lr=l,re r'r i. :x=-J


    , r 'or =0, rrrr= ro" =19,rur=11 ..
    1lru r'
    *4,u.r"a.i"1.,. *r." =]a x= ]
    ' f(x) =0 . r(x,=o l
    =0eJ 4.]l ( 7) J ()a = lrsr!- if-
    ,,,",,,=+etT,+l Thc furcrion tus ab$luk m imunuluc=!
    ,f(x) k *ddr".d dx=a€[-a,31
    an'iabslul.m'nimum v ue=0 d )r-0 ,r= ael a,3l ' ri5;= f x-
    , r( .r)=o,l(o)=a,.i(3)=16 ,a(, =odr=a€[0, &]

    , r(J#)=+,J(?n)= 1
    .. J'(x) = x )i ,l@=o
    c'* c" = c'( r+ nre funcridi h6 absol& oaimun value =4
    , /(.rl I undcfincd ar r = o or 3

    ... c'(1*r=oln-a= re[ 3,0 oderhorn.me[0 t3]


    ,/ (r!4, )= +
    rhe rumti hasohs bmsimunuruc= j ,. lc)=+,I( r1=-!,1111=. rndrb$luE minimum Y ue=0arx= 4 !..../(0):0,l (4) =4,l (3)=0

    nx=1I Tnc [ui.!io0 hs abslute mdmum valuc = c (1 ) .' (' =1,(x - rr- Thc fundion hos shsolua muinun value =4

    *r-,- -r,. = r"t=.!ra


    . r'r11= 3- rr i+=
    rlr
    -a,mn" mdn&olucniniNmv,rre=+dx= I
    = I od lh$luE minimum vrlue = 0 x=0dndt=3
    115
    ts)tth=r'V-4 o '. tct)= 2 'r (-+)=),! Q=e
    'rirl=+Lx: at+(2ro " 4r nE fundion ha ab$lut. nuinum valle =9
    .r ir=-2el r , ?[,when xe]r,31
    .r,r,=o;)=u€l .41 1'lri"
    J'(, = ort., t=o (orused)
    ,f(rirudefineddx=2€[ l,a] )=2 a l(1)=2 *a ,u"a," .;,r.,. *r* =far=-j ," 1( l)= 10,1(2)=35 tG)=14
    dx= ,€t- L4l ,.,r,"={l;]] Th. fundion h$ ab$lure ,uinum votu. = 35
    ,. rt t='F,tot= 1,{i,1zt=0, . i,! =1,
    t:r ' le\,le ) ...a(aisior*in. t0arx=-l
    lrd tusolut niiihunvdue=
    J @) =:',[n
    -Ih. ruicrion [-:x
    ..1,x,={*,*r.,. r;rrLrr=rxt*:={'*'z rsr<o
    hb absolur. oaxinum vrlue
    .ln caE olJ.> l .,2x=o I
    Y=, lr,+2 ' 0ra<2
    -"{n"x=a t2r\ , ... a(01 * l'(0') ... ,'(o) is nor exk!.
    rGdx=o
    tuab$lur mininum hlue= 1,-, l< 2)=-t 'tt2)=3 ,()i = o *hen r< 2 .-2x=o tr
    l he nrnc.ioi hN $solure m*imum v.lu. = 3
    ... a=oE[-3 ,, ,/(, = o whci x>, ' I-(x)=l nd rr r=o
    ...2X=0,X=0
    ,.'r( 3)=
    tror sa.kn.d x> 2
    [r , o.*.,
    atrd rbsluE miniDumvaluc=- I arr= 2 4 , f (0) = 5 , r (2) = r ,I (:r) - 6
    hr* rl The funcriotr has $elure muinu valuc : 6
    ,'. J( r)=Llt0)=2,,(2)=4
    t(x r)' Thc fun .ion absolur. maximum vatue = 4
    ylrtr t
    has
    and $solDt.ninimoh valu. = 4arx=-3
    :'tx i ,...4(o')
    'r(o_) ... r{o) is nor.xisr.
    rI' rx) , r.0
    , a(1)=odr=?€t+ ,t IrL.\*3), x<0
    t.r._2.\ . ),>0 and abslure miiiftun lrlue = 2 at x = 0
    .r(r=lnorerisr , r=0 osxrr
    ,a(, i, md.fimd dx= I { [; ,5] I
    t2(\ r) r ,.4(o')+a(0) .. a(o) is ior ai"r. (s,roo r -rr r-[]+']
    x>0
    Ir.r:6a, r.o
    =
    t-x+4 . rs.\33
    ,t (|) = l,t
    ct =z, t ot= | ,r'(, =o irr.<o ...2(x+r)=o
    .,a=-r4[-2,2]
    ./(r=lnd*d , r=o , ..J'(rlr.l0 ) ...4(r) js."r*kr.
    ruiciioi $solur. Dinimun
    The ha3 value = 2

    , (x) =o irx,o .'.2(x-3)=o


    [,, , , ,,n l'r , o<x<r
    x=r€t_r,, ,itrl=o .ax.o ..3:r'6x=o . ilrr= l*,*", , r=r
    '"'r"b'l:l'"*' *r*= i "x=; 's
    ..
    -'. JC2)- t ,t toJ =9 ,t t2)=l
    a
    ... j.=0 nor

    (r.)=o '"
    srisfied
    r('
    x=2
    o
    nor sarisfied t,
    Thc function h6 obsolure marinun volue = 9
    ..,2r 2=o L\en x= I e[ 3,r] ,...J(0)=2 ,r(r)=3,,(3) =I
    iid $lur minimunvalu.= I arr=- 2
    ,r'l( 3)= 54'J(0)=0,1(l)=-l,JO=l -Ih.
    func.ion na absolurc maridun valu =3
    t 3tx 2J
    fie functio! has abslur mdimum vrlue = 3

    rr'Irr-n. ra l(I :Y txr +r ) . r<) snd ab€.lur. ninimum valuc = 1 nr i( = 3


    ,a(r=odx=3Elr,al l5x 6 . .\>2 d absolurcminimum valuc
    =- 54*r= l
    Irrr+ l2x l, r<r<r (e )J@=(a 4)lrliilr,4l -J(U-x2 ax
    'l'(, isuid.finedor,x=2€[1,4]
    lrr+ r , x<2 ll7-r ,2<xt) a(, = rr-4,f(!=o
    ...
    u.\=oetr.4l :,2i 4=oftda=reIl '4]
    r,r =lt
    ... Iflr =- I r./ l)r;0
    Th! Iundion h6 abstuE
    r

    m
    Ir4r=
    imun
    !
    .
    t: , ,,,
    , .. ap) , l'c
    16x+12,
    ) ... r(2)
    r<
    is mr

    r.,
    uisr
    ,1'l(l)= 3,/(2) =-4,r(4) = 0
    ' rtrr =l*,**, , '=, 'Ito Iu.dion h6 obslue muinun !alu.
    .-.2x+t
    WhhJa>2
    =o i=-+et-r,, t, =0

    x= 5=0no.&risiicd x=2
    rnd abslub
    "he"x€[,r,rl l@=o
    niiimum varu. d absolure minimun vlluc =-4
    =- I ar I ar

    116
    *-" I0,-[
    ,,r,J,"=, , , ={;l]1;,') ,r.r.1
    n
    "
    i,.drcr do*^**d"
    , the inncdion p.int k (0 ,0) l\\=tx t)'1 +2,,jx-l\x 2) e,'',,u;} =o
    irx:t=ztt tt*z<x tl *z<x-zt
    t2x'-ux+12-o
    i".,
    t,,, ,. r.1 r=f
    r1,. *"" i, -**,p*"d- d l-*,1t rt. eir{nvexdo*n 0d. dl *,rl
    -zr*z=ot ":r= r ,rtxr=olnz.r. n *." i, -** ,I r ,- inflqtioi poiits
    " * The .ismwdlpwffdsdI -,2[ a.",**a' o l{, - 1
    [, hs no

    ...2r 2=ofien x= r (ftcifu al rt. 0s. is oNd do*iwsrds d I 2 , & [ , t" r"n*rr", p"r", x (j 'j)
    ,'i(i)= ,l]le infl@.ion poinr is (2 , ?) :. i =ax' 0x ..i=Da'-tL
    ? ,.ti'r= t
    Pur.ingy'=o,12].'?-12=o
    ,rpr=",r(?)= i
    'Itc turcrion hs abslurc naxinum valu.
    (s)l(:rl=lsx+6r.'1ar
    | at,2x=axd
    \^^)=2\x1 a)

    Jtn= t2 6x itn=ex"zx*ttx." el
    =* ""=: ri =sr'+4x':16=121'-I6
    ind 6olub niiimun valuc = 0 r.tingl(I)=o .. 121'_ 16 =o
    'rx=2

    Ill
    @tE Tiec@.
    rhe
    "*.
    i"
    "*".r
    i"Mwr
    do*n*ards
    up*,rd"d
    dl -,2i
    l r,- [
    .. * =_ =l
    1F3 Thc .unc h
    l-,-rt'lr,*t
    coDvex doMw,rds at

    dl- r, I t
    , rhe inll@rion poitu k (2 , 46) 'convcrupw,Jds
    mdtheirJlenotrpoint( L-5),(1, 5)

    ,."""Y,"."-,9,"1 -.: vr1


    ! ,\ (t) - 2 (Posiiiv.

    .ufl.
    ro
    n convex dNnvalds
    rl vilu.s ot x)
    rheE is no
    .if
    ".,,e. -r
    ,', Th.
    '
    .1"":...*"*"t4.*t
    i\r)=o ,36r- 12x1=o ..r-od3
    ,,r"1or."-n r"';1{'91
    Th.o*c k-** uD*.rds dl -,2[ ;rfi ;,'
    'li'Tr
    ,J'(x)- 6 (n.s ve tor.ll vllu.s of i) rt. n.ke q downwords I2,-[
    'It. cude is convex upuards rhcrc k no
    , rhc infl.clion poini n (2 , l)
    .'.
    ' Th. dc is coNd upwaids d

    (3)y =1(1r l)-xr-r


    l-,ot'lr'*t
    0, 3 [
    'conrcxdosnralds{l
    ,dE i' lErioipoin6(o,o),(3,31)

    I r,ti"gitx)=o ,r' rne cwe is m aupffrdsdI -'ol


    t
    ,lo,- [-d hs no inn6'i., p"in6. f tn=ax3 ftx ilt=ttx' rc
    Thc cu . n onY* do*nvords er
    (lt)y=xr airr+6xr+5 r.tt,eitxt=o t:x'ro=o
    I -,r t,lr,*t fr=rr'rzr'*rzx
    rhcsreh@nEx up*ads a I --'o I
    ,-"*-"0,*t.clfi ,.,t,]8,-I i(ro unacmea *x-o et"a..a". rh' ffi is ms npwads d l- - , r [,]1,-[
    , ,9
    r- n l\-/
    ,mwxdom*sdsdl
    ',t
    I
    ,d'"hn*r-e",.b,(,,+),(r, +)
    ,El
    fi, F---_:E---;. rctter]/E=xl
    Thc cuse n coNex dortruuJds ar
    '.",'(6'+)' Tte {re
    !!4rr
    mnrex upwsrds d l - - ,0 [
    ]x
    r--.lEr.rtE.-r irxr=
    is 3

    a '.dE-d.*"*d"dl0,-
    , hs io iiflerioi ,oint.
    [ .'. Thc llnBmi h vcdicol a. I = 0
    Txe cwe is @nvex upwalds .i tl)t@-x'+
    , rfi rfi. It'r=r,j ,,-' ar-r)(rr-Lx't)(21
    li'r[''h'iinod, ,.,-
    ,z l!=o .:x ,f
    **(+'?),(+'+)
    ar ri(r,) oxI-rrla(2€x 0,4 rhcod. isco ddoen{i,is d I -,0[
    ,@nwrupraddlo,-[
    U6 , $. inncc.ion p.int (0 0)
    Puhinsy =0 lr'+2=0 rx=r . fte .ufl. is coircx upMd in lo , ,[ '
    t7t ltn= x I
    .

    sd en*, d.**,.d i" I -,01, D,-l i txl,oo"t*aa z;r r =o /rx)=ia_i


    dd ha m innetioo poim ar (2 ,0)
    (o .'. IlE 6ecnr k vdicd ar I .0
    ' l\a=::L !L
    rm r/GA
    T
    T]E cunc i! .onv.r upMrds ar .61----'r:
    , (, und.,ln.d J(=0
    r--. 6r.r.E.-r rh. od.6mN.. d"""**d.d
    .o"8",p.,d",1+.-l
    I -,+l
    . i(}1 = l!.ll-j.Ll
    .@N4 doMwords m
    , .:,r
    1i; fi. , h no inflecrion poinls,
    I I
    .fi.._l/;..
    ,,rErnframneonb(:,dl.l:.il
    r. rro=li1
    rhccudei! co drp*ddsd I - 'ol
    its= ,lo,- [ ,h.s io idned." 0"i.6.
    tr'*a' (x'*o'
    a(ro= ls ra+ l5 r' (x'+r)'(a) a!(r(x:+3)'rr) ot r rrrl^[d]8 =Lx. etl

    .: Ti.ofl.&N.rdovo$,rd in I -, ll fw=ltx-o I
    _ (a:+r(ax:+,2 l6i1 l (O uid.fttr d. ,', h av.nic.l
    , '-' bslnr.
    'lr,-t irxr=J rr-o 1=-3
    edcdvdup*!dinfl,l[ c1,r-ar
    .a r,* ;n*r,- p.i"r" (- r , j) , (r ,
    ])
    (3)r(1)-+*heEx*o Th.n, 12 x: + 12=O

    - x\
    x t1 x, - !I'. s, (t e
    'Ir'. cDd. is corEx dof,nvrds at i {n =
    rlEctr isonuupwdsdl -,4[,]4,-l
    l--,dt'l,,tl =r -+(x+o) l'Gl = (r, ,.1!
    o)
    , rhe curye ha no inaEtion poitrLs.

    121
    r9)y=1(r-r)'=rx 3ii Er
    (l al'e, o.x1(rL x'). zx) . . The cune hd ! loal moxidun vrlE ar I = :!
    (3)(b) (4)(d) (s)(d) , (, = a coiso. nccativ. ulu.
    (3)(d) l9)(a) (10) (a) (r -x')(r a')cr-ai(r.x1) ,'. Des ior cqull zs ror all v,lues ot x
    , iun&,i*ddI=3 03) (b) 04) (d) os) (b) .'. Thce h no inflErion poinls lor rhe cun.
    .'. ft. func.ion hs {vcnial @g. ar,(=3 o3) (d) 09) (d) (20) (d)

    12!) (r) (z) G) (25) (b)


    , J=:i,r-r, i=-L lEl
    x't'iirii o
    ... rtr)= 12 ... a+b= 12
    '. Thcclfthas infl.ction poinr ar (0
    '
    4)

    I1r dop. d(o,o)


    .. y'=orr=o r,2b=o ib=o
    = a(o) = I
    11,""*ck-"*-d"*"",d" 1 -,3t .'. Ihs rmgcn. mles d' mgle ot m.trure
    , '.' rhe cune pasB thbu3n (0 , 4)
    ,mnrer up*idsar l3 ,-[ ...y=4{r=0 :d=4
    hs o iifl@rion poiir (3 0) by $lvitrs lne equ ions:(l),(2):a=-6 l3 ..y=rrr+cx+a ,i =3 ax'1+c
    '
    .
    '
    l-r'+r , x.r 'b= o, .. The .wc p6s.s dmugl, (2 ! 0)
    Or .-,y=o8x=2 ..0=3a+2c+4
    l.\--l x: I
    (L*h'' o 0)
    L'' =
    'iir r= 3
    :lO= 9 .'. e=3r+r(3)r+6(3)
    '.' Tlre cntr tdchs th. Ja-ais ot (2 0)
    ,it.rr a:r rz,ioo:onrx=u '
    i, ,, Lm rr*hi r o -1 la+b= 12 (l) i =3.I'+2.I+b
    = .,. i =o^a-2 :12a+c=o \2)

    i=tr*2, i=omx=r
    solvinsrheequsions (l)md(2) :.'. a=
    +,c = l
    - I-:rr' , r.r @,
    BX' , X>I sub"ituringin(l): r. b= 15 .'. Ar :( - 2 rher h e inflcdion point. /(, =alr + bx'+. x+d
    . r 6r , r<i o
    l6 ),
    ... Th.cuochsatrirn.ctiorpoinrat(1,2)
    arr< r itxl=0.. .. itrl=o ..6a+2b-o
    ... Ar ,r = I rherc tu d poinr ol ninimum valu. .'. b= lr il)
    , '.' me cuae has a ls.l nnxidum voluc .! (2 ,4)
    .. Atx= I ftere na pdinroimlxinumvdue
    Fom(l):,',12!- 12o+c=o .'.c=0 12)

    .--!-r=r=2= ,. rhe.urvc passcs rhmugh ( L 2)


    r. xoordmft of'h.
    : I lr)=z .'.x+b+c+d=2
    rhe n.BmNsdoMHrdsdl+ ..,t Fom(l),(2) i.a rtr+d=2
    .-N*'pPa,isah.+[
    Or t3)
    ,.'in ctrrye pisss rhtuuE[ (2
    '
    4)
    'rh" **" --*,p*"d"
    '"
    d lo , r t E
    rh.0 . is oN* doviw&ds d l - - ,0 J Frm(l),(2), j.-40+d=4 14)
    ,lr,-t d I = :l rh.rc is a .nlical ,.ini.
    ..'-. (r - r))(] t(:, - solvins(3) ,(4): .'. a=- I
    ! rne infldtun poinb (0 , I )
    tln' ie)="'" i The.qu ioior$.cweis:r(,= ar+3x?
    '12? 123
    IB Io
    Iix+r" , r. r
    ftc.uflckco d downvurds al I *,-2[
    I (tO =, xr+ b.r.r+c:!+d
    IIx-x, x2 r 'lo,-t
    , oNq upwed. d l- 2 , o[
    whma ,b,c,dmoisbb Th. .uR. is mnvex upw,rds ar l- - '
    2[ 'Ih.e is !n infledid poinr (0 ,2)

    '
    6N* downwards d l, ' *l ]Fll=i-Ua=9
    , rtm is 0 bSdr ar rhis poinr ih dopc

    , has lne innetion poinr (2 , l)


    '' Tte cuft prsks drcugh ( L 0) /'1 r )+fCt') r.a( Ddo6nddi$. n. -,"-" m , rl .11
    EI 12'x+rr , x<
    "r "^-, =
    r2r'+rr+b , a> r
    r

    , .. rh. .uflc pas{ ihbush (2 , D


    llx- x' l6J(-lx' , x> r txr rx . r.o
    :J€)=l .. Tl'eE is no En8ent at x= I l4x a' ! x:0
    '. Th. runction is ditrcrcntiabl..
    , 12
    : nE rurction is onliiudu!.
    .'. Th! JoE or Lhe hper ri r 2 , Ii = :-1 l6 6X
    -i .t'(r=o .-.6 6a=o -x=l
    2+r+6=3 I : o=-b
    x+a , I'i
    ra
    ... (2, l)is infl.crionpoin. ll-2x , x<l .t.la:r,r<o
    ....1(l )=a(r) 1+t=3 2
    14 )x , x>0
    :tr= I ..,6=3 Tn. n.hmivcx dl *,-
    dowisirds lJ . r6x
    ,', +, L'm /O+r, /(r, ,l r , rt,6N* uD*ards dlr ,*t l-2
    ]'.,-I-0-_.i
    ,=|,u=-rs,.=!,a= ro
    Lin 4(h+ l)+, (4+O
    , has rn inflc.lion poinr L 2)
    ( I'tr=o o.:t =o
    h.tr_.i , rh. slop€ or Enscn 4 n = 6 ( I ) r0):=l
    tLn=fx'rr'*lx-s =i_o._=a ,"***".8=; r,-" -,=u
    ..,,, Lim /'(h + L) /(rl
    r',i-I-o--_
    tI] la)-a
    Lim I 2(h+ l) (4+&) " ln'-rx+2 , x:
    rrE.unc is.oiv.r upqard, d I -, ot
    J(r1=axr+br: +er+ I 'i.dh 2
    ,lo , -l
    ri.,-i-tr-+ Thce k no innadd poinb.

    lo (1lo) (2)G) (3)(b)


    14 ,r> ( 41(b) (s)G) (6)(h)
    .'. f ( | )= I a +26+e= o 1s+2b=-9 I (r = I des nor crisr , x=l ,'( , )*f( 2.)hasidknseddr= 2
    t-, l7x Iil (r)(c) (2)(b) (]r)G)
    l3x'-l , x> 2 (4)(d) (5)(d) (6)(d)
    Imrtucftns El
    solviq: (1),(2): r = l,b= 6 .rl to erve
    "mber
    ( I ) Fo'n dic oDposiio ghph
    :. Thc equniotr or rhc cud. is :
    rt od.i3coN*upuurdsdl *,tl J 6=0 6)r=0
    , conq dowiwards ar lr,-[ r ,ir
    .r n,l
    rhar lhe cude inr6.ch
    /rxr=orrtr*zt ot=e, rz
    fufnndiorhN arm8 at,= I ,. vl n l\,,
    ," Th. intLction poinr h {I '2)
    (2). Th..urvc ofrhe ruicrion corcav. dowiwlrd tD
    a:y+ry+b.x']=o (1) iG)'o
    , ... i (" 2) x * l dilTcronlidinB ecmrdiE to x .'nrr,"r,,(],f)l*i',1.,r.t'.,.,"t*.
    (a1 = 2
    . pur l'(].) 0 ^ .. x=3
    ,irxt=u r" zt p,tg.i i-o.o x1i + , r y+a i +2b x = o (2)
    =
    I-l-
    .'. Arrhepoi (- I'2)dEcntrlcd mdimumvaru.. n;l :
    x
    r"
    @lE
    ..t<2 differcntutin! a.co,ning ro
    .'..-2<0 ol
    x'i,r,i *,xi *,y*"i*rb=o
    (x:*o;+.rri +ry+u t=o (3)
    rrrst I
    .:.i(,=i@-i(D ProilNmson.uu oldlnq

    j o=E rzr iirr=.,o


    ...
    (r , r)stisfis.qurioi(D !i=0 o
    FDm(l):-l-a+b=0 .'.a=b-r
    '. i (r=i (! i(, Rom (2): 2+i (l+!)+2b=0
    r To fiid rhc poinb of inEsection *ii\ x-dh
    .'.i(?=!p) io>o poi \ ori' crsction *nh
    ,', Tnc ftm.iotr h6 leal minimun vduc ar x=2
    v= i;; rTo find the y axn

    ri. itx*rl lol=1,,


    Frcm (3) : o+4 x rx
    1++ 2 i- r +2b=o
    1,r1 . Subsiluring ror I + n=6tlEnsimrlifying
    'Tt. d€dvlrivc dcnnidotr'

    ,...i(r'oro,"-rrem
    .1 cufle or J is mnvcr dovnxrd
    to r To lild rh. p.int ot inrdeiioi wirh I ur
    (s)... i(,r,)>i(r.,)d)r:>x,ro,och
    ler J (r1 = oxr+b x: +c:r+d ,,,,=,,[.
    pss6 rhough (l !6),(- l . To find rhe poinB of intretion wiir y-aih
    '2)
    (l)
    r. i (, i, i"ftsins on la,bl
    -. it d.ivativ. is,$nivc 16
    .. i (r>or*.*tr€la,bl
    .', c@e ory n conr.r downwffd Th cwe ha r criticil poinr d ( I !2)

    (6)'..y=J(rh6no f(-l)-30-2b+"=o (3)

    . ?ql rh. 0d. h6 m inneion point d )i =


    +
    *'661
    dE cune des mr altr mund m ot i
    ,., Ttc si$ or i do.s d shlr : f(r=12 -3x1 ,ltr= t,
    : (x - s)' r (, + I )" nns haY. sm risn ,-, ,b=2 tc= t 'd-2 . PurJ'(r) - 0
    ^=1
    : Emhofm,i h cvcn e/
    .. IrElestvalucof m=2'tuledvalu.of n-2
    r'tl=r:r1+qx+r,itxt=ox+r
    127
    ' pdi(r=o .'. x=o r Deromiis olher poinr / ( a)= a
    @
    i-l \./ n
    i-r.-"1
    * To lind lhe pditu ot inrtrdion wirh .t i:

    i To find rlc pom of itrEtrdion wirh y,.rk

    ,tts

    (5)flt-2\3 9 a'1+ nx 2

    :. f(r-6xt $x+t2 \6) f(YO-x3 -6 x1+ tlx 5

    .. f\n=3xl t1r+12

    iP a(r=o
    (4)r(r=x(r+3)'?=xr+6rr+9x .o I x=2 \7)fln=Q-nV+tt1
    ... f(!=(2- 1) !2(x+ r)+ ( l) (r+ 1):

    .'.lln=3x'1+trx+9 =( 3 x+r)(r+ l)
    ... i (r=(-3ri*) + 3(r+l)= 6j(
    .P!!i(r=o
    .,=?

    ! Tofindlnc poin6ofinbedion *ithy is

    ! To ird lh. points ol h6edo wirh y-ui3


    r Dcmine orh.r poi JG)-4
    I To lind rh. poins o, hee.don wirh x-oi3 r r(0)=-2 n! \/ n
    1D.emifto&.rpoi l6)=7
    t\ "",."
    . To lind me poinb ol inbedion vim ,-uir
    1 To ,ind lnc poinb of int6c.id wiA y-dis
    1
    ! To findrhc poidsolintedion inh y uis
    1
    124 129
    o

    ! To 6trd rh. poinb or inr.netion *nh x-.xis.


    puty=0 ,thcnr.j3 oi E6
    ! To thd me poinr of incrqiion wim y uis
    o , (- I ) = 6
    ' D.r.miic orh6 poinr

    to

    IB

    '..(r ,3)€rhc.urv. tE
    " (1,1)isLnnedionpoinr .'. 6a+2b=0
    Frm(),(r),a=;,b=;
    %.curvepNesrhmushrhcpoin$(0,6) riL5)

    !'. (0 ,6) is. crnical p.id ,',i=o


    .. : I a 10) + 2 b l0) + c ..c=0
    0

    ,(1,s)isacnticalpoin. ..i=o
    ,'.3a+2b=0 (:2)
    to
    by solri4 rhc two e{uariotr (l ) , (2) md strhstitoE
    to , x<r

    : T1E equarion ol $e cwe is y = 2 1r - 3 ,1 +6


    i Ti..qudionof rh.odc : y=Ir+ 3a: 9a ,f(x)=o
    t,,.
    ,;,,,=1"..",*,",,"=,
    d 1< r des\ wdry

    'turi=o .'= i **",= z

    put.l(r=o :.3x'16x=o
    '. , (r) = posi.ive thininun)
    * To 6nd the poinrs of inbretion with y un r, AtrhFini( 3,2n m is lmnl muimm v,lE,
    .'. Arrhep.ini(1,-5) rhft isldalminimumvnlue.
    N Deremin. oder poiils : I (- r) = L t o) = 10
    y=6I+6 pu.y-o
    1Dcrcmi,,c orlrd noin6: f ( t)=0,.I(3)=4
    a ... lr has sbsorur. varu. = 2 ar x = I
    'Hinm
    tl ,nh$a66olub minimDm $lue = 4,r I=-5
    r To litrd rhe ,oinb oI inbtudion wirh y uis

    * Deremine orher Finb ot I =2

    lol

    l(x-3r-2 lll
    (b)ftplEs s, (r)
    'G)EpE$tu4(,
    Ol It
    g
    '. nE.ud.pes rhrcud( I
    t,o ,
    136
    fl(l)() In E
    'n{rudromb$h.numbs ..i-io,r,pui i=o ... x= rs If,r lhe rhEc nunbsrs l! *!cidi"g ordcr hc I h ,c
    o (l)
    ,...;= z.or.'"rt*t,*.tr ' The srcati numbcr c = 2 1
    '

    ( t )Jisiiceshrin l-3 ,1[ ..ydI=15 rhorc hh.ximun voluc


    mddGsrnghl -, rl ,l1 ,-l . 1 hc lso numbcn !rc l 5 ' 1l 15= 15
    (r)l -, rl y=Ixbxr=rx(36 3tx2x=12x'1 6xj
    E ..i=114r lsirr=13n(3-,
    E(1)(b) (2)(d) (llG) (4)(n) (s)(c) kr rh woiumbcs bc x,l6 x
    o ,', Thc sur of tun squses y = i: + (16 1)1
    ,',i(=0(rcrus.d) or x=3
    (r )cokx upw dsinI ,,rl
    Fom rhc graph {c frnd dra(hc cn8ed dw,ys
    .! * doPn* ninll,5[ .'. yh6 maximun valuc dI= 3
    dmwn rbov. fi. cure y = J (x)
    (2 ) h hf infl.crionp.idsrj(= r ! rh. nunbe^ re 3 12 16
    ' '
    b"-*"i (r )i (*s"ii*),d i (D i" (p.,iri'o (r) i(r=3r+4rrlb E
    ... Ar:t-3 rhoe is minirum voluc Lrrh.iumb€6be1,3x,Z
    is e runcboD of kcond d.srce
    (2)(d) .'. 'me rvo nunbcs @ 3 , 3 Thcirsum x+lx+z=26
    o(l)(d) (3 )(d) : x.coo,dinat ol vefux of lhe cune is

    oll)(b) (2)(b) ( 3) (d) (.r)(d) :!r=:?!.i-. .*-h. .r-.di.r. o SumofrhenstuaB: y =Jar+ (3 r:+P6 ar:
    ,t. r," x , ]! i r+ x+2\26 -4x) x-20a
    '*" ^,.*o x -4= 52
    r
    olhc cDry. ven r equak 2 ", ... =2 tE
    E +=, rmi.",.,=r*]!=r**r .i=5,
    (i)r-4
    ,'. j <zt= - r
    .fi=r-36r '] .i=:2x' = 52 pos iliv. mininDm valuc)
    (

    ..i=o "h"" , 36r:=o .. Th? numb€ft m:,4 ' 12


    '
    l0

    ... /txt=x3 o11+ rr r+ r .. x-r6 o


    x=6 .'. i,o (.i,i.,. -r,"J
    (3)... j(!=dop.ofbtrs,=r ttx= 6 .'. i <o (mdimun wruo
    h *.,p *N. **.= i
    ,'. Tle mirimum volE atx= 6
    rhc.* v=x-+=\+x'
    .'. , (X) > I lhd lorca.h I>2 ,', 'me rwo nuob.r E 6 ,6
    i.c.x€12,-J .":r= I or I=- I (slu$d)

    lDl
    !t ,. IiJ,., =z 'o tmi.im..*t,a
    '5 -x
    rd $c No numbcA bu x
    (r)G) (2)(d) (3)(d)
    r<5 x
    (5)(c) (6)(b) (7)(d)
    whcrc
    '.: Il
    Lr dimensions of rhc ecrlngl. x !y
    (3) ni$: (c) seond: (d)
    =
    p.rim.d = (lr + y):2 -
    O0) (b) U1)(.) O2)(d) 03)(h)
    Noti.clndJ(,,J(, ! l (, hore rhe sam. .:i=3x'*a(s ,( tt=tx'1+qx n xs 120

    O{) G) Os) FiEr : (c) lmnd : (b) Ares (A) =ay =a(6{ r=6{x x':
    07) (d)
    (2r) (b)
    U3) (d)
    (22) (b)
    (19)(a)
    (23i G) q @tE .. x=z *r= f r*ri,,ar
    ,A.= 2

    Ld one oI rh. r*o numbed b. .x ,(ir 1=6 x 2+4= 16 (posirivo ... x = 30 rates A naiinum vlluc
    m 30 x
    ,', Tnc oihq iumber is .'. yh minimun v ue, ,=2
    L.r$e pmdnor r. tuo nmb.r: .'. T1r rwonumbe @2 .'. 'Ih. srcabd mr A = 30 x 30 = 900 m:
    ':l
    138 139
    o e",=l',= 6 .,=r1 ln
    If,r rhe dim.nsions of rhc rc.knste x !y
    : ne D.nm.H rPr=)r+ ! = 2x+.ll k(p=prDddofursqwdf rh. l!xri.cubcof

    '
    ihc2tu
    ,-+ =2x+32x1 =x1,y'-\1ts xJl
    ..I,",i"or=,v=x(j x)=jr,' .-P'=Z-!2x I ,. i=64x r
    P'=2r(5 (s r):. I
    r)1+ x'?x 3
    .'. rhcshond diimce n( 4,,r)
    '(4 '4)
    ...a=+ rx P'=O x= =z).(5-,, 3x1t3 t1
    PDrilng .. a(rctu*rl)orr=a lo
    =r.(5-r':e(5 , r, hrL\e,oinr(Ja,y)erhecun yr =,1x
    =ra(5 x)'(ro 5r=5x(2 )a)(5 r'
    .'. P has minimum valuo arx=4
    rc ! ! :' x.o o| x=2 6 x=5 . r.
    .1 Tte Llinensions oI rh. Ecriple ,
    .', TIE lensm or $. radi$ = 4 cm. p.r", ({ r,,v)
    !r.r:2 $. pltrdtrd h,s r;r /ri .'. I lr. dhhicc bcreeetr the point ud
    TD
    'v=+=u
    Lt rh. odius lcngrh of rh. circle or rhe seror = x
    to ' 6r a.- 61 * ***,"",= l-t=l:t=ry1
    vr:+i ?r
    .'. Thc order pft (2 , 3) '- - ' vs
    .'.'n. penmcer = 21+ y =30
    tt TD
    . A=
    +
    xoo-21)= 15 x x, tl lc(he poin( i3 (x , y) dhEicc S ,.' +y?-2y+roeGiliverorrrlvalucsory
    :A=rs 2r ,i=-2 .. s ={t nt.a:lF=1t,-yL4y-4 ..s=+l+r",+r0)
    Y5 '.-
    rd Iy
    $c ae. of lne Ectensle (A) =
    ... A= r((3OO - 2J() - 300 r 2al .i s ={r-;?t -.r } +4 ={tFy- D
    s=*(-l o v-:l
    . . The EdiDs lcnS![ ot rhe sedor = 75 cfl. pu inss=o :r---il-
    d! z.{ry- 4y+n .{ry,4.1+D
    I -v=4
    ... T'rr. dkran o i! minimum
    t r l1E mdiDs of rI. ci(lc ot rhe sdor n x
    ," A has mainnm v!lu. a! Jr = 2m m.
    : Tl'e dim.isions of rh. Ehsle 200 m ! tl()o m . nreshd6'd,nrc,.isr, . =!I: kns,hm
    '. Aty= I rhcE n minimm v,luc
    .'.2x+y=l :y=l tx : Ine Iege$ ma = mO x 400 = 30000 r1
    Io
    jrr-{rrl
    ,r*irr= zn= | r x-x, to .'. Thc noii6 arc(r, r),( r,r)
    ..a=+t ,, ,A=-2 kr me dimisioN arc Jr , y merE

    . ,. -2!!! x ID ..r."*,1,r1={r'po
    ..+t,,.=o l!!rlrc poim(x,y) rieson rhc.u c
    r1 3

    :. x= +t ,...A =-z.o '.' L (ldgrh of rhe Gnc.) = 2 , +y=2 I + ?!1! t=\x'-a . m"p"nt (x, j:r' r)
    ... a x= {/mores.r,.-i-,. *r,e . . flre dkhmc bcrwen rh. $o poinrs
    PdtmsdxlL!=o
    ... o-=+=____yl=,"d
    l=0 s=
    !,x ,r,,- (+ ,. . _,),
    7
    ,.. i =mqox ' ..irz,=rq9,o =1[7 -r.' ,,$=-r.o
    IE ..I= l0 mak.s tne mi heY.mrimum val@.
    L [ar minmm vxru.
    rd drc ndius of th. cnct of the kc.or = x
    led e
    ..,r- ro, ro- j, too = s0
    .'. The dimnsion of 32 m. 64 m. ".1
    ' ." The sEarn tr€ or fie dansl. ABc = 50 cn?
    @ a
    hihc lcng$ or rhe be$ or lne rrian8le : 2 x.m. Ia $c di@nsions or de rcct'nlle !rc I '
    y .. * 4,1;
    Arc! = L6.m' ..iy=16..,=; :. x=a,[i,t=a't[i
    The lensth ol the didgoial Z Marinm ma=a1[ t al2 12cr1
    =
    ..zx+2.@*X =n -,E-rr=ix,-(6)' 44{ @
    lfiii = s -x ,.0320=eo .'.20=q)' .'.0=45' 1r',z56
    ...x1+21=225-$x+x1
    ,...i = roo rio z e ..irir",,... .y![ii= o)
    :,2=,1225-!ox
    ,', Arca k r grcd as posible wh.n e = 45'
    '' z{ir.rs"
    ,'.' rh.@rof theti 3l.(A)
    . . LnsLh! ol rhc sides of dr dshr anEls m ...r=x{rit:7
    -+ .r x "z= xz- xltrzs-3cr'
    lG'qas r'11!156 . a=x, -4.fits'j'=4
    I r' :ia {ai-(l
    | ,. r4s0r o0l,r Pudinsi=o ,'.xr-256=o
    d!r=.i rrr5r, 30r @ ..A=o*x={i.
    To ger $e absolut mlrimum or minionm vlou.. ,, y=,[;7 ,'. i<od1=1rr,fteehlo..lm-i-,-",1,..
    n, !3 =o .. M =rL+{5 1 by bsriiur rom (D y =1rr x=y='[il
    .x=0(rcfu$d) or x=5 e
    =r. iL=':ll5-1]:I sq@ wh6.
    .. .'. Th. HtmgL t4om.s o

    , !!'n.x.r I s,., ts-.,


    M
    ,!1.o,rrr =€,''iz.=zl "q,* *i,.
    Th* mrinun v!lu. nx= ,.[5==x
    ..

    ;
    b

    Ttc Isqrh ol $c bae or


    s

    = l0 cm.
    .'. rE ma (A) = + l: sin 6 a
    lne
    ... 16= j t1 sir e kr ln. side lsath ot inc squ&. bc ,
    mdrh.leigihordhort'*orhert*osid4= l0cm
    .r Th ma of rh. bid8l. is muimum vh.tr 20 2x
    .'. Ihe lhgrh or brs. or rhc box =
    lhe rianglc h equilaEEl timsle md it sidc

    ,', M =5 h rhe nNmum vlluc.


    ..i= 32csOco.€,puniDgl=0
    @ @ ,.,ce0ore=o ..csc€e0
    ormt 0=0 md 0= 90'
    f.. hen@

    v=1iloo-l
    .

    A= +
    . rr'" *"
    rtoo=
    .r U-gr" 1el = j
    ,\
    *,L \ ."v=15d=
    z=+=:01:r1Ett-7 B.. ,. i = 32 [cs' e + *" 0-t6]
    i..er€=90',rhcdiagonollcigdisminimnm
    vd* lnd rhe shaF t sque
    v'=0dBa= l0 (rctus.d)

    A=+x,+-+trd;= ,"+a";i#+-+\Gro= ,l'=rz*.m.=rz i,l=+E 'J=+


    ,, Dimensio$ of dE Etusle e |4cm.
    '4cm ('./'),.r= so

    ,{mo= ,{mo-r =ibl1,0o=,={ffi @ .'. Tt. rde knsth of rhc rmovdt (qum = + cm.
    Purins z = o

    ffit
    r =,[64-x. E
    x'[ii-F
    r+i-
    ar .I = 5'l 2 nakes A ha muimum valu.. t.=
    .'. Th. lensths of rhc sides of i\c Tnc tngrhr of rhc 2 sides ol i\e dshr m8l. i=x^--4r!6l==4
    ,{6.-r'
    dshloisle e 5€cr. ,5f cm. 1 -,'
    tn @ @
    =\u 2t\(15-2n<t) lo! rhc side lcngrh ol th. stttrmd hrs lrr rhc mdius of rh. bae ot rhe cyrjndd = I cm. voltrD.K =rr'?h : h=-L
    .r 'rrt. n'r6irl us.d in thc b.x = rh. ror, e3 0l rhc
    , rh. hctht of dE box = z cm. : %lumolnrccyliDdn=vcm: cylindu ! rhe thickn.s
    ,'-' dittttd M= 2 x1 + 4 ,Z a= zrr(r+,r. z=2r,,l-.4*,) . z
    Pudinsi=o 1= ro (ftrus.d),r= J ... v = n r '? h = ,i r
    2
    (i0 - O = 30 ,i r
    , , ri r
    r o)
    =22lK; +n?tA=2z(zfi,t-Kt 1\
    . ?,=4!.4=v.l .. 9l=oor,- :,,'.d*= oon-or, i =zz1zn+zr, 1 ,A=o
    !2n !rr "- i.
    11=
    . Tt. diensions of rtu box e l3 , L 3 cm.
    . . Thc muimun or minimm y,lud whcn O
    ,*,, =,/E-.=,1..:r, "
    .
    ,',(ofi1-3!tl-o ii=20cm.
    _ *, r_v'tq_- x\ _"u r_ ! r:
    @
    -|x' 14\ = oo'
    Lr rh. sidc leulh of rhe hEe = x fr=se
    ,ith.igh!=Z :. a x+42=L4) , *t=o I t'=ea
    , thcn rh. volutu ntr lHinum valu..
    @
    :_2).+Z=$ -Z-A 7x O) .-.x,=a ,', Jr=3 .. v= l2o0o rr - 3mo n=looolrcml 'Itrc polit = s.llins price m$ prjc.

    Fmm(r)L. v =mra1-2xr
    ,. dl=-:, .. u,*r=rr*dl.o g! P=(r00-0r2, 1 (4o 1+ l5{oo)
    x

    la !\e rdius Lngrh or rh. cylindd = r


    - 0I2x1+@x-l5OOO
    \a-120x 6Jr'?,lhmf=0 P=-o.oaa+60 P=o
    : Tne nuimu volum ry) , &e hcigh! or fte .ylidder = h cn.
    ,1i=lm-12r.,dx=20 =s61 + xr=e6 * s- + ' s'= 5r2.-1 .'. volune or nE cylindd (v) = rL' h
    .. ftrxl 3E or thc cylinder - 2rr{h+,= l50 n
    @ ,r Th. nunb.. of p'lducd unirs = 1500
    - . Tr'.E is o locll nuimuh e!Iu..
    l.r rhe side lensrhs ol n\e b6c of $e pd.ll.tpip€d ,!=n,1\1r:L=1.n, n,3 E!
    m:2r,xsdia hciShr =y y'-isfi 3fr11 v'=o - r=5 cm.
    The Yolune has 3trr6t vatuc.
    vollne oftu pmlelpiP.d
    ,..
    v'=-6nr ry),",.01.*r.,.y .y = {4,4=
    .'. lhc dimension ol dre cuboid uirh muimum valuo ft. sum ol rh. No numbca
    e2o tz',?ncn. _ =vH=?5n(, -n(sl=2-5o tr
    s=x+y=x+{ii6l7
    ".1
    t r....1.1
    @t @
    l.r n\e dinensions of rhc bac t{
    Lr the mdius of rh. be = r ,v.oo-a, -
    '/00
    v (cop@ny) = ri r': h = sooo n ,t=0,:={roo:7
    3t 1723ia_!+ ... rmt m =r,1+ z n.l = r t'
    ,.- xz=too x2 x1=zlx
    nrq=-
    x= ro'(i
    xx 2 x tz x2 ,l,so ! t = !60 x'1 - 6 xr Puujnsj+-o .#^,
    = =2
    1,r'1,, .6 . o q*r-,- ,ur*y
    ,-, til =216
    ,, rm r*o a;*"1.* x = rolE
    'y =
    ro{i
    ,*4=1+.a,"'=r A =o vhen 2,i r 16000rr'=o
    @
    .., !!9=o ..= s.oo ...,=20
    (v rr={<urmNmumvrruc)
    ..4,0 :rnemkDini.um.
    , ..i=6tr>o(minimunvduo r Th.slop. orhgr C(,= -iDr:
    ,', The ditrnsiotr m ,t0 cm. 30.n. 60 cm. .'. Th. din.Bi.is m 6 m. , I2 c0. cm. (l',+ r_
    ' ' '
    3 .'. 'Ihc dincnsioi3: r=20cm. !h=20cn

    145
    , ='./: @
    Fmm the orynln.y of,r EBF cDH , then EF = Hc
    .J_ r"x(,i''b)' (b '
    "1')(i"'o(.t'.bl Frchrhcotrg .ncyof^AEH,CCF,rh.iEH=FC
    . . The fiEure is ! pamllelosrum
    '. S opc or htrgctrr s (r:) hes ml.muo, vrlucor
    minimum Yalucvhcn ! (r= 0 ..r=:-1,:=J 16arc!(A)=mrofrccrm8le 2 x arca olA BEF
    )La=inl.0 rmr mrmurud rhc dinmsioN or dms1. de .m. .m 2 x maor^ FCc

    ro z"j,ro r
    .'. Lhe : 2
    '+
    lr lq =e,
    "ot1,
    ;r)=rlFh= :t af,; = ql z,l,o nx
    =2r: r 6, * 60 (Rcquind I )

    .. f. !t-,rrp,."" r"r*.*",u
    .. Thcrc r mrximum vrlu. dI= I
    PudigA =0
    -h^h"( i =+,ot.tnt.,*
    '.j)
    rdrhft rmmmm'.,lu.d \= l.h.h"(,;) "an"t
    . y=x ' Thc small.{ posible rilueofrhc!rc!
    'Ihr slop. ol ongc( h$ mdimm vdr ar the 23 squ!rc
    =Ad=a= "ir
    p.ti,(-, ,
    i)
    ,lhcdop€af bns.nrhesmininumv ucarrhc Thc!roi orAAoE(A) = + (4 + y)(e+1)
    ,ro=fi;rrc=t2"..,"1
    ,*(' ,+)
    ^- i
    (r-*)p-.r=,'--,Y =jrx.rQ-z)=o-x-ox' l.rum sinllfhy or .',
    [E =, +:+ , pd,iis A =o
    trA=r-ex I ...i=rex' !=!1 4r
    ^ r "=rn
    ..:I=9,i"32ax PurinsA =o t *-
    '. oft[c rimsk (A) = j ] brin -r . . Th. mr oI the recungle = 2 xy
    A'{"x !r>o (mininufr !duc)
    ^u e=zr(ra-tx)=rzx {x'
    :ur!1=jrbtrx '. The sm,'lle$ di olrhc tianglc i.,,-, *t,o
    'o f.i"i-,*
    Pu(ry:+ =o j,"-",=,-',-" =r =:^qrr.-ltr=n".: .: Thc smalh$ ms : Alr r
    a=ru-fr Pdiing^=o ..'i-6
    rr=6+3+ +
    i =- f .o 1.*i-,. *r,a
    [D .'. The dim.ffidns of rh. r@031e ue a = 6 cm.

    ./
    )r
    1:!
    E
    A = rca or \q mABCD
    ,ry.r'(r6
    tD
    +,6)=16"-
    .4= _!,,h.o ,/ L)"t,
    ix. Ar i =
    ql' lheE i mrimum vrlue fn ihc tundio. , . E6//E ,/l )l -lAnr^,ABM, Y
    +A of^lMcNr :
    Lr
    rbc
    The irci oI rhc triangh
    r.sle b€r*en th.
    hd mrimum
    2 sides i
    value whe,
    b h dghr .ngled
    '',--T +
    l
    A.ofa rANDrl
    '
    x= _=I
    if, Thc 3 ridc is a diamter in L\e cirumcircle of iy =,oo [],x' ro- { oo r.}r . _L-
    sI3
    :.lhe lra oftlN 4.ui8le r
    (A) = y

    =J(t;Jl
    -+('o +r)'rol=ir' 5a-50
    tl a=:x-5,A=o,,*1=+
    t"lv= + =ty,al
    ..!1=r +y. r"!!4=o o'=;'o The ,ru ol rh. Etugle (A)= xx2 y
    . (nxr+b)(r)
    Y= (,,\birC!n =(*'.,t
    b irl
    .. er x= f m i".t"m".. =txy=zx(t -',{ix)=ttx z"ll x'
    "."
    d= 16 afi purinsA =o @ a=2 xy +1tr) -2x(2t,:'-xn+fix1
    .. 16 4{i ( t ) z (") = m [],a - rn (ra)l + m = 4{h x 2n x1 + t x, = 4'$ x - n x,

    4{a 3
    .., (i) =ro [+ 11 m (.Lr1l \i -; r "2,<o ro, ![ qru*"r.
    i rF< o r.-r.,-,aruer " +] = =
    =-
    .'. ThcsE a{@aof rhcEbgte
    ., z'(n)=ro whcni- t2dals

    EI
    ^,,=o,,=,"f'(- ra" )=*".r
    [,
    C)
    @t
    trr rhe numb.i

    .'. Tn. roral nDmbd o,

    rU p
    otexh applisn@s =

    applimc* =
    :O
    I sr
    (50 + jr)

    jx
    s
    (2 )
    Miiimum value aficr l2 days
    thc leas numb, or ba.rerid

    =m[1? h (#)]+30 = 50r..-hcml


    .'.

    r L\e
    x=?q],"=

    sound be.om6
    zoo -r ^?Q =o

    sqdlcorriJius&9
    ? r\2\\x+fi x'1 y -27 n3.
    A,
    l--v^
    . . nr in -.1 apr;,"*. = r-.r
    .. r* p.nr=oo*r (:o - j r) @ @ -2(2xx x+ 2 xt x+ 2 x x 2x) + 2tt \y
    TlE :H orrh. - 4 fi r:
    *, nx ^ lf-!l
    sphcrc
    = rsm*s" ix.
    ler lhc prie of on. totr fmn rhe ks qualiry imn A rb x'*, ri r, = rox'
    Th.maof rhe.ylind*= 2r r{i+h)
    =k od rh. price or onc ioi fton rhe
    ftc sumorrh. am\ (A) =4 trl + 2 rr(r+h) = 15o E _ r6l+5a Ia' !!!!
    ,.. P'=- t <o (maximum votuc)
    .'. 'Ihc nunb* of applisn.cs ro g.r maimun psfir r,"i*o^" t' =rr*Zry=lr*2r,ffi ^ -f, =
    -- |

    vorume 1v1 = j r.1+rr'r, r=odx=i


    @
    r= zmr r+2 sin I i= 2stnr+2.osr =rolt = irr-+rr-.-
    ar x = sudnc au mininuh.
    4 n'r+,,5,r,- 3,i,,
    lne or rhe hnk is
    ' 3
    rLoi-' =

    ,.=;,? i = tnt2 + t|slt,-9 fitl= i25T,-5fi i, o


    Pn[nst' =o ... r=scn.

    t' =-
    i, "=
    :F. or.*,.,. *r,"r
    lorr<o(maximum vatm)

    i,,^ =r[,01.,,,,.,ur,e
    @
    . t. ,-iru, *t,. .t rt'" **n
    . i* r = 216 i,, ,,,.0r*i,.. *ruo
    ++.Mr ,,,v=fiht,+
    @ .'. Thequaniny $ar rhe fcrory pmdtr@s
    lq 3ri rr+ zrrh = 2()Ol] fi
    r (n) = 2000 + fmmx=5.5Ton ! Itudy= 23T atr
    =
    . v=trt:h + ="("- ?
    ")
    (100+,)'
    @ \6r,*(v)=rilr+ + * +,r,' .",,'- i,,.
    y n,1,N\3; +1
    1,5
    -Ihc r
    ,,h=+.
    .'. marinum v,1u. ror rhe culruE votDmc ='om,r. +r,,- i,i..= o00
    '-;,i
    v'-rooo,r-:,i,' "
    .1 The ma of the ploygsund {A) :
    : Thc vdur ha luimun vlluc ar @ @
    h= !r ,...14= rz,.o
    A=(+(','.,r)"2
    ...v=rl,r.l,-+.
    'vr " rv\L,)= rdl
    .. Ihcrc r s lmrl m imumv,lr
    .{
    v="tJ:?
    .. l-ne dim.nsions or $. BhnEh,( i, s
    "+
    oi'i,rso ro)

    @ r=,ne* j ir.i^ e*'el


    @t
    The arco or rh. riansLe (A) = \ r:zxt, t =G+!fi: l (
    A=c63(l +.os 0) + sin 0 sin e)

    . I rr,,r r,'r=rr, lrr,' r=:rr=rp $x) l=r".r,-4.fit:I =css+coJo sii?o=2coJ€+c6o I


    '=
    =rx $x' -"' rl:-Ll= J er2t PuningA =O .', cosO=
    +
    p S=^s..h'=r
    a=r *11 =
    i,,_r, r/.:- r, = I rhen€=130'lerused)
    , 4= z,r,r *r A=o,ddI-!r,.x'=o
    orcs 3

    = y'r.or^,.,-,a*r
    t*o r1tr
    . . The conc volun. is th. sEdsr
    cm,f
    Phcn rh. i( =
    ,i
    @l
    sidesordE bimslcarc I cn.
    ,t= i, ,i < o m,rimum vsru.
    'n
    ftir cN. rr,l
    d x = ?1a $m ?i <o {muimum wru.) 1=+dca@hsm l[ge(
    imum v,rE md rhe Anolhe. sohrion: aB =2 lc.CD=2r
    .'. tt . *" i, .*i.n,
    "
    t[
    :r = z hr*=E+2a=r+2x +=xs ..or=lr
    ' F //t.?+t
    'll l\\
    abor Fs omplcre rcvorurion Ad=,1rj-r(,1l.' ) * (,fi)' @l e^.,,.= j :r-z,dr= ^r\#!"
    =lf e*" '"ir' ndogle e :t y
    \
    ler rh. dimcnsions of rhe
    ' =,a-,,\[= --l
    d6* 6H Bc
    L
    1=1iF* 1x. rr 3
    @l
    frl.t ,rir-r
    ..A="_"r._",.iro x,",/ .ri\i ,z ,il )i dl= li=
    ...
    Jr,rxi,r r=o ... A= (n + r)'l,td \' .--.d A=odx=+,-rEr*d
    : )a=0lEtus.d)orx=4
    ', i=jrtrz-e:rr ,i . .or.-,.umwtucr
    14=ro.a.4-l';=
    "" ,vb-t'
    ' '6F'tH
    .'. The von'mc ir vrluc( AB =4 cm.
    'i,ximum . !4 6x-r'*36 a'- -ra' 6a'16
    {t-r 15t= .'. Ttc ca ot $c srtrDgle (A) - I y . A=(i
    ,, -,)!'I -(i) lft
    E!
    .'. A = ir Go l) x ,.r
    - =--5qu8m
    - = 1o

    r. (n,3)(r+6)=0 .'.I=3orI= 6 (ftfu,r) @


    =txy=zxlt ;,,1)-tx-zx1 The mr of $c hp.zium (A)
    ..i{'r-or' "r*x',,'r,- j|.0 '.'!+=,.,

    ..t=+.,ne8 N. duqdl
    ,when)i<r,dr j+>o
    ." ar I = I rh. arc! lff muimun

    e=r{:o-s = nf".l
    value
    '
    rh.tr Ahs mainun
    .r th. Mgle
    value ,y= 30- lt=
    b.cmr i squm ib sid.l.n6n = 15.m
    15

    = + ld, o+ + Isii(so-2 €)
    @
    151
    +
    + l in o=l"i"o +
    + lsin 2o @ ..x=n +nr
    A=lco++los26x2 ki rh. inrgior dimensios of rhe tuk be ,. , , y '. TnD sum of rhc Ns ol rhc.*o a,smr (A)
    '
    , copa.iq ot th. bt = t = 1: y .. rh.lcncrh oI ft.2"i DM = 2 r. =2 r ^ lL
    =l-"0+(rcs'o- l)l .y=4
    A=o .rfposzo+mso r)=o = )!L

    .. mso=
    + d @,s=- I (eru&4 : I]ie intcior m0 0f 6. enl = 1: +.r r y ..^=(h tnll +n?
    tlt Il!!
    lDlEl
    ,r=r:* r r = ..
    * -,(,0 + i, ), (-+ n\.,n, re, ,h. wd,h of r"_-;:;-l f l
    df Ebsk =.r
    llqj !!: = 60' =-Nn*$n',**, ."lbl rr,t=2.\cm
    I
    I 1
    T(d the mslc or rh. ba& (1 aBO =
    ,$=o ...
    +n,+2,-20
    @l ,i x'(6x1 iclr ap rxi.!sl
    ,l,+ + nl-,0 Etul{E= l)(+2 n \z =6x
    r. Thc perimer.r of the squm = 63 - 6 ,r
    TI. l.os6 of rh. sid. l.ngrh of rhe squm
    .,y=# ,-.

    .'. 'nt. cGr r=1Izk


    T1E ma Df dcbl r'+ 4 Ja y = ra? -1:!!
    hininum
    =63;6x=0? ?r-
    A= ----i-
    =
    . I x (,{,ri ,r , : ll]E mr is Dinimnm d r=
    g , e6
    , Ihe 8uh of rh. ol rhe @bgle dd thc

    - xQ r\ - \x1 + a?2J t if. Half m. sjdc l.ng6 of rh. be. "c,*(A)=x,rI+0? ;1)'
    a " =2!-::g A=rx'+(r7- i19
    br=6 ,i ,n at
    A=o Lt ri. mdi$ lcigh of n\c bls of 'a= !L ..#=4x-,01 tr,)x+

    E
    ." Tn. @o of rh. mcral tu niDimm ar ,( =6 rhc qlinda =r bd ib h.ighr =h
    md ib dindsions 6 ,6
    '3
    ,., hluneol E cylindq = Jr I h =41-zx-n-+a st
    . i4=o="=" , dr=Lo
    .'. Whdrhcsumorrh.e6of rhecircle d m.
    .1 .. trlh = rosa ...h=]q
    una
    "quo, {4? - roe
    t squm is minimum
    squft
    v!lu. rhcn : rhe ,.osrh ot lhc
    did.d of
    ld rh. cGl oflhc surfae unit e! tum sid. of rh. = dE lcrgrh ol rhc -. Tltsum oftn fta. is ninimum al I = 6 cm.

    @l ,., TIe con(c)= zr rh x k +2 fi I x 2k [E]


    La nE dimnsiotrs @.r !r
    'y
    me
    r{r. q+,1)
    @l
    I
    rr," p*-"r. =Zy +r+Z,i r
    =., n Ia dE sid. Idgth of :qu@ =
    rhe

    , rh. mdius lensrb oI rh. circl. = r =ry+ Z x= Do "^.


    =4r.k(s4aL+l)
    ttc cG. ofllle d xr'1+20xr?+30 4ry v=60 ?x
    = 50 x

    Ona\+
    .,=+-+", * j
    6d =70 x1+ t?0]I,y =70 x,1 + rt" .t rr'" *i,a.* re.; = r y* 1e (f x)
    L=------ Pudnsa=0-54a':+2r=o r=3

    . xoroxl rro!'*roe)Ir ,. itr =,rr r / l!!+ zl,o,..i-,. -r.r ^=+-+n,++#r+n?


    ^ .. Tlre mitrimun cos or i-3 ! h= l2
    A=r(60 +r+* r=60r-€x,
    ^=-+n++x,+,t|t
    !1 A=oo-fx
    tEr ?i =0,,, = L =_.]-L
    i=o i r(= 6 ler I'e side 169$ of lhe squft = 1 +,-,..,
    i >o -ini-u. "dwdr=6 i = j r'* z:r, o 1;"i-,- 'a,"1
    i= f.o r*a-*r,..-"x=:z
    ,., TI. dineciMs @ 6,6
    '7m@. ,', T1l. Lngrh of rh. I'r p,n = 4 I -'. Thc dimnsim of r @r.n8lcm 32 m.
    '24m.
    152 153
    E ' doq- $.oor€+stc€hno
    0t
    , purins 0
    e4! =
    .'. cscOcor€+3$u0hi€=0
    ... B.+=!9q ... s,i,lo=-"'o
    .', Thc pcrincti ol rhc windo*

    =2 x+2 ! +
    + en)c)=2 y +2x+ nx= 6
    mr d
    ,', Itee h muimun v,lne of ia = l2
    ..y=r-x-+x
    .: AB + BC is s snrll a posibl. uhen ki 6 = j .. * !, n"e'[t-za"li" '
    :I !+=0
    -2x,y*+nx'=rxtl-x +t" + nx'
    TD ., x -1!a .i ?r: >o (ni"imum *r,c)
    r\'+ir\'=6\,r'inr' . mininrm lum
    =
    y+ r+b
    The =x+
    ={r.ffi_,_.
    ,fi , in AACrr: :. AD =Ac.osO= l6.oJ €
    ... A(@aor^AcD)= + ! r6.G o x l6c6'e x sin o -":1F."=tc.oI
    A= 4 r<0 (m*imunvdd - l23 4J€ sin 3
    .'. The ndius of ih. smi .irc1. vhen
    tD
    the
    ..d€4=r,sk*'o'.oso*'in€'1"*:o"
    "'ol
    do = rrs[.*'o 3oos'0"i"1€]
    ";"'#" ,*"."1+="
    a d- . .".e=rfi-o .'. cs'e r -J o"inzo=o
    "",0
    *t e
    Le,A=,1 ,y,edre.me o' 'l rfi*'o=-,'o ... o r.ol r =o
    ,h. iur.mn ] = (r ,)' 'i !
    u"'e= rlr "oJ
    .: mso =o md hcne 0=1(Erusd)
    "tn'et

    ArcJ (' narcaBo,=+1) \ *-Jo=r*te .. o^'e= {


    =i,,',t=i'' '--g;
    tl
    L.n m." e =4
    -" r= r/1^
    ,. Ac =r(6)r+(3)!= 10.m.
    , sigi ofA chmses mmd O=*
    (Nc)r , AN =ycm
    .. j{=l r' +:t* r,pu,*s dxla=o . r-c=S
    ler K = (AN)r +

    {;-16 ... K=y']+(ro y)'=2y'1 ,oy+ roo


    ,ri =,r >o (.rnr.u-,utu")
    -*=,,,,-":'m* ... i=o d y=5 .'. NislhcmidFhor-c
    x=\*x=z o)
    .'. ADEN ir r parallelosrm.
    . r",,**.,,1,."r= l =2,6.*:
    The mr ol lhe 6sur = rhc lcneln orrhe bM x h.idt
    ,"dh**J=+ tn
    ,h=6'l=116r-t' ( I )C) (2) (c) (r ) (c) ( {)(c) (s ) (b) =3"a=r2.-l
    ..mo,,,re=(l,f;)
    .. A(AuofuimsLc)= rh (6 ) (c) (7 ) (d (3 ) (o l e) (r) (10) (d) In
    +
    E =+ 11'G;= Ol)(b) 02)(b) (13)(b) (14)(a) (15)(a)

    . A=+i.
    ' :ti6( r
    g-+[u\-r- _
    (16)(b) (r7)(o (r8)(r) (19)(r)
    (21)(b) (21)(h) (n) (c) (24)(r)
    (20)(c)
    (2s)(d)

    !!.J1 126) (O p7) (b) 123) (a) (29) (O (:)0) (c)


    y ={,6:7
    .r 11r x1';=
    ftr(A) = ray=2 ..j{= rr,+ .A=, ?,
    Ion ,putringA=o
    , !4dx=,x,di+-,.[16= ,. rc=-,." lhe figure: A ADX - AABN r. z= 6 ondhencer =4.5

    i ' i=t'.0
    :r'.zoo x1 qd 'Ite F.imern h maxifrum Yalu.
    ...leor-a,lrc inum valuc of ln. er oa rh.
    ,1'L= t'|" r- ,L\6 rtua@=y(4 2r=r(2)
    .,.
    s=| -'.'I]leftisan
    E@ndc,A= 4.5 x 6 = 27 squm untu.
    =6squeunn.

    @ 'r=!r @

    a=lx"=].^-!r-=C
    x-2"{i-. . y -z'{i
    A 3y(y 6) ayz_sy:-!3y ay'_{yr asy
    o6t (y o' (y o: : v=+hGrs-h1-+@5h bl
    .'- A=0 ary=o or y=12
    i=+p25-3h1
    i_Gy-13)O 6)'? !O 6)(4y:-4sy)
    ar ri = 2f is muinum vr0u..
    ,'. A (nH oI rap€zium ABCD)
    ,...
    tv 6l Putuns i =o .. n'=T= -
    .. n"ai.*rlo**,ltf , zli".. = - \v =s(v-6)'-sv(v
    l2) . h=5tr
    =l!+rt<9 :x1) =21+9 x- 3 x, )tj i =+(-6h)<o (,uimun vdu)
    ,+ fi = r-o:r-r-r',n,t,cf{=o
    ,ar y- r2,o,mi >0(minimum value)
    nqinun rolum v6.
    I rfl
    .. . . rhc

    Yt\ ,',x1+2a 3=0 .',(xlr)G+3)=0


    ,'.1= I ux=-3 (Efu&d)
    : Th. ou n nininum md cqud 1: 19 = e6 cml
    =+,s6(,,5 (sit))=,50{an"-:
    @l
    , . d4=_u_u, [.,,41.,=_,,.0 [n
    ,*mi{-o .. m. @ k nuimun Yxlk ,A= 32 sqlm unn.
    ld &e cmiliMc oI B = (I ! o)
    ...=Qt'I x+ t),o-tx,t.ex x\
    .6=a 0l .'.'Ihe leoslhoraE(L) =ly,- y, l

    ' #= *".,' mprcponionrl


    =(' +ar jr1 (+x+,)
    ,*r,",e=f; .,-&.u ."u"e=f hcigh[ i
    L=+x-x' ,.=1-2x
    Th.aeAis srcd 6 pssibl. Purinsl=o r=i
    L=-2<0 {numum vatu.)
    : ai-*,i"* ormonsrc * s-"f ,a*f ... T@ mordin* rh. e"i"i B h (+ ,o)
    r e(i , t"li,-. ii=16-+r , A=o dx=6
    "f
    @
    @ ,i =- ].0 i*r.,. *r,o , pur.ins 13 2r=0 ,.,i(-9 :k(9,0) To gd rh. B'inr of inr.roecion ol L\. rwo cufls by
    r Tt. di@nsio6 of ute rctusle m 6 3 .m. , fmsimil ity or tioiglc qe ser :
    '
    ol j4=try=lq Fmm rh. 2'd
    ",r,rtjo"
    y=
    + a'
    Dr,* AN 1Bc .--t=i | 4t=i6 32 r,". rr," r "' .q*tm ({ x')' = r x
    aid cub itarN ldBc=Icm
    4 ax+z(a u 4) ..,=s-1,,...A(@iore,ansre)=.2 .'. The poinr of inr.nrrion b.rwe. wo cunes
    2x1+4x+s t
    = ..a-"(, 1,) ..,. +;
    1c )r{oordin . ol &e poinr A is x = 2 @
    . .rtr) "=,,."-..=',
    -- \1-! r"F
    A= (? .'.lrtA=(a !y,)whm yr = ran x PurinsA =o .'.
    !B= (.I ! y,) *fieE y, =4 x
    adrs.A.,= + ^ .^=l 2 |',ll
    ,',I(Ine b.slh ofAB) " yr-yL =axh x 2t l1t
    t, +r .'.{"*-*",
    ..
    :
    rh. m! h ma'mm x=6
    Th. direosiotu oI rh. posE, m ,. =6 m.
    :.sa.=+l+ ).1 1',{i,l *Ji(=a
    r'r*91=o
    x=4
    ''
    ,. -s].o ^*^<Lm=i,,gr f,)
    : s.A.=a15- + x:,,eh,at
    ' etre$orIEvcnfi.dsr ttr
    -8," E,
    Th. grcxki
    Tf ={'-+' x=+odcqds= ,-i= l
    - ,t=ft fr p'*r"ga'=o .. x=t
    finicd mddiol = 3oo = xy
    P.dinc!l!41=o 1-26 r*n,.
    irrlddEhn81l]
    of DEbrx . \{
    6'LdE
    ,.^, ._30!
    ,i= f .o *r,o
    ,.. 4t$,t= 1.0r.*i.,.*r,o
    co=ffi=Fx ,.\1X" ... The ma ot rhc E6sre = la + a) u + 10)
    ,
    "*,.,-
    *.,^,,,.,,= f t.r, f t'
    r. d x = 21, rh. AoB hc muimun wlu..
    : r frr A=Iy + l0x+ 20y+200 !1t)
    . rr'" *r-,.,a* =:f ^
    ,,/-- j, pff DB =
    !nIlAED
    to-dr
    =m (ZC) = loP
    D

    = soo + ro1+20!Y+2oo .. n"*aaesc=f a 4'={il'


    =

    =2 scue unn.
    A=ro l6{xlor ' ,i=32oox '
    ..cr=--!-=f.r.
    a*=+ro-A*oEr PudnsA =o , .,i, *,>o @
    ,E {
    = ilQ a't;),\x,i x)l
    ,', Th. is ninitum x=,10
    = l tEx-Ixl^r.
    Iro-rrir. ro .'. T1E dimdsions of r. tu31.
    =l.lx' z"{tx,*n""o.t.e 'ir'
    = I xlzo-1xl= ro-r--!x' =40+20=mcm.,ff * ro=:0"-.
    , rha @mpLc rhe .oluion. " ,lll
    ,1. '
    ..; = ro ax @
    Themofrh.o.rruhsl.(A)
    @r
    (1)A) (2)G) (r ) (b) p,,,i=o'...r:=z1l =(dos0+brinq x Qc6 6+!sin 0)
    hrrudou L slr. nMbe @ = rb.61o+ a'?rin0.6o+b: sin e.6 o+ absin: o
    l!
    0(r'+b1+s6Gin'?0+d1o)
    l , i = sin 0 cor

    .,=ir,-"=, i, .,. aM hpcrun n nuiBun


    of ar )a = 21 "= 0.G 0 (01+ b1+ ab

    ffi
    .. A = sin
    mdau'rs lolft.m? : rh. mo or0E hF,ium (x+, x 2r
    m!orrh.uesr.ra,= j
    (A) =
    .. . 2.r' y + .'. A=(""+b1(+ o)*
    "i,, "b
    =,a +r ..:+= + c1+b1x,*",0
    '*--i'
    n"rj]=o :. x=3
    . t=!, r =.-
    hnr! i =o
    -l
    .., i=o
    e"u,e
    l{=o
    ,i}=+.. os20=0 .,.20:goe ,'. m(10)=45"
    A= Jay-0.23 I-042y+0.1176
    n u.i-,. *.-z ' r- t ol' * j (.$ ,. d4=-:sioreo,+11 ue =ry
    r'^r"r.,.r= ' z'=zr
    ...
    "
    3 squ@ uoit.
    =
    a=: o:er,$+o.rrrr ,. rr,.

    159
    ,rr,cn,&=-: ro'+ ul <o p,,!9
    =o .=-!' i?-a --glr
    ,vx/*4.--r)
    ^'
    :.1-16 'rcedi *{l"i"e* } I "r,, peo. - z e)
    -)i=6 ,.,(6,0)
    c _ 2tt2+4)+xt'.+2r)

    (":+ b1"t" + ab
    =l ";,e 1l.i" ze
    A=
    + eo.
    Th.6dh&s ,hich m,L 6 gur 6 ..jf,=r-"e ] r, z-.ze t+i+Ll LaL
    =-zfr'[?i
    ... 2A=ar + b,+2.b=(r+b):
    .'. of C 0

    l=o
    r'fi-q
    .. Ar x= 2(mirmum v,lu.) ----r -...
    rr mi 6um L flh --=-l-?-
    Im
    TD .. ..
    d ABC is m isoseres rjugle.
    .r,h" r"dd" L(",=,, ={a - a ,0 - ?)=alt*h
    : A-D -L 6a ed biHb it
    *rrO=? .: Me AD-,lcr MD =xcn.
    ,., (26s0+ r)(@: e-,)=0
    ID

    6h o=+ . so -{tt.="-.
    ...c620= I 2sin:o= I -2(rJ \2) n"*noralrc j ac ao,eo
    .'. 1e1=
    "eo= e - rm. =:I
    Fm(l),(a:\z= l-r(r)' =.{iz:'i, ff + x) :l ABC .guilaEnl oian3L.

    ..I=;{ uy ain*,ir;ns *i h -"p.., r u*l[ir;= (r5 + !, )l:25-r


    + ,. da = -1
    "r,
    e * z r
    "i"
    ze
    " "'
    ...d, (x a)rix1-x' 2x' rrxr
    .,ix- ;19=t'"-2,'$1={r.o
    [_;-- ,rr, . . Tb. er of thc riangle is huihu.
    Putdns:* =o
    'pudng:+=o ..2xl+tsx zz5 =o
    ,@or^=l"i, r2o" + I'h2ao.
    6, fi , ,r5 ,
    ,', yisniiinmv uc ir=6 .. x= f or x=- rslra*4
    E)
    : Toc sisi ofA ch$s.s mund r. f fi.m
    "
    * *"o=$' u','=$",1
    l4m (z AcB) =0 -82.2t cn1
    :0= m(z Aco)- fr (z Bco)
    lDl
    .'. Tn @o,timgLisndinbdx= +
    _ b(1^C0)-tu(zBco)
    .. **"'^= rE1u, 1, 1,'. yy
    L='{3"44f4 y
    t-t2 \1 o.x.rfi
    1_1 !1=x2 t2 o.x.rfi
    =!:fi".]=zsz zr..? J=1 .'. Th. dimnsids of rhl tusle : 2 x hodbnt l
    ,u.rnat-y,-y,=lt2 ,\ (\2 12)
    (difl*nri..ing si$ 6Decr .. m (1AMB) =m (z AMc) =0 .. L=vx,.a_i(+)-+a - tt-)t'1+ D a|-24 2x'
    , to
    (/ BMC)=(360"
    .-. 'nE ea or rh. E6nd. (A)
    -.E:6!!! 5(x']+36),ix5a ... m 2 e)
    dx g, *36| =,@. 4 - +"ti;i =,[i. 4, (1. +) =2xx\u 2x')=4sx-451
    160 T61
    1" r,
    ,oo +r
    r-r, -,.= itti;*- i rc l
    . . r - . (tofusd) , =+ a
    :.+. '
    ,=+ ,1x.1'
    '
    :
    ,=:1,:5il' +-
    j,,'.,"(,* *,') i=]rr r, or:r
    n,, =lreu" ,
    ,F'.r 2 < o (moi,mum vsru.)
    . ;.{i;;7 a
    .,. TteEE 6r ftr of rhc ccMiglc (A) . v=rof ",, 1"=i,("',-4r-i" *4=3?'" .r2x=125+r'by"q,.i's
    ,, Wr...t,r. "pr,*= { r"'
    @
    vorum. or.ube= (1, L)-= r Lr
    .'. A h,s nuiDum vilue *hetr rhe hcighr = lOf ,,-..,
    (.phR,
    #"; ,,"
    Y
    +r.,
    r.r rhe h.ish of rhe pism = h m
    ,dcsidcl gth or rtu bme ol rhe pnsm = I Fofr sinilairy or A ABc !IADE u s{i
    ! (Fmrh.dndnEcD) i,.,rr.,'ot.i,i-,-
    v,*'d'r''',*(+x)'h m= x rx,/-t\ ^
    ,A i,r D ",r*r,;=
    .,/.,,,=,,, n=4 y=-24J(+24 ltr\ =l,s;r - +.6;i .'. Tlt mm lmds n didme
    o ,t,,.
    'r

    .. T]E @ ot dr pd.fr = L.Enl e +As orNo hss


    rh.vorumeofuhc
    =a:,j?,..- $ .. *- *" ,"r, o
    fi =?=i" "
    -lt x2xr = fixz l- 2,4 r + 24)

    ,t= t.r..
    trx' ' =t{lu'.' '*9r'
    #=*Ex'
    ..r= af r-'r '-f;r
    ,i=slir:x'.''li
    n=o ,=?*

    .'. A has mininuo vrlue d .I = 2 L


    . y=-r.a(+)',a=8"..

    m @
    ld rh. hei8ht of $. cylinder = y

    v='{'-r
    *r,*.r** = ] ry', r.*e

    = { rt"'-r:r ,r' xl
    ^=r"r,t=r"t.F4 n-jrr"'z"r-:x1
    162
    Answers of exercises
    Unit Four:
    The definite integraland its
    applications
    1

    I
    lh3 -{r

    GGII L tr
    G1 r1
    : on Pte-tequircments u3)lcr"'+ r' | ) d x= + J"a+ h rrl+
    r,+
    "
    (:r)J(r rlcir r(')'dr
    04)I(*+e')d,=5hr,r+r+c
    ... d y =ct"rr x (2 r+ r)dr
    ={lo rxlt:x xl'ar
    o 1,ox:x'f+"_ .L Gr xl6+"
    _
    (r5)sloi rfdr=s,Gl:1,+. ... d y =.*". sin2ri 2d.x
    x <o!x^fiiax= ! !zxtx', iax
    <rt l\x 3)ox+ltd x= lt2 x'1 + 2Ddx =$tsr ul'*.
    ,',1 + rv+u
    -!t-ix-ztx.. ooJ(ex'?-6r+ r)rdx=lk3 r- r)'l'd r dl= : .,xdx=-+Ld,
    =ira
    \stl\x \)Faxd'
    = l!<z'-ur," -zi o,
    = lrxl +s x+ x. \tx -cr.f'*"=*ox o"-"
    r(x-_,r,+c=+{x,
    = +x,.ix -x
    ,." .
    n,=,rr.:sr
    r, ^/!^=!a,
    llq/ r,
    _ 2 xri+ (
    t1tl,.$-:-dx ==-?nAr"x (6)l!--dx=I
    3

    ,.
    'r''li" '=r,,,
    t:-.,.',", IIx rI--4) d)(
    =lv5x-rdr=li5r rrdr
    (s)l(r:+r, +r(,)dx -,','v)r,t.. =;,,,_,i-.
    i
    =+$'-a\'*"
    =1,i.z,I-z,i ."
    ro
    'G
    rt{:-ra,= I,,J *,Jrax
    .,..
    ou!xffiax=1'.[z-tdx o =tlan<x'*v'ax

    <t tl<t x* tf
    =ix'-ir'-"
    dx=12L!! *
    '
    = 11r-
    p16y=tJ*. ==r,, oi*"
    +.-,
    rztt=i ,,dy=
    11
    - r,t,L-s)'*.=X,,,*r,*"
    (s, l rliLd r = + [r]r:+r)().,*r11.dx
    rar Irs -r-n'a x=9.14*"
    "
    Er
    q
    (1)y=3x'?r :dy=6rdx
    1r rJ {r.,r-r ax=J6 x- ryl ar r e,l ]ldx=r/ + l,-!Ldr
    i d y =4 (2 x+5)i x 2dI=s (2r+5ldI :.d!- f 4!a
    =,,,,,t*._r,,,_,j_.
    l/rt+rdx=lrrx+rrdx
    t.
    (3)y=e:i-r r.dy=2e"rdx @E rro) I
    r1x"
    =;hri,.'rt*"
    dr
    I0rl lolr=fr
    =
    ll lt.Lll +c = l r: x+ rri+c ...dy=l lill) r(l)dr_ I dr Er
    i.l
    z x1+ x+'l +c
    uu [-gdi(= l(]-5xr+ dx (s),=1nl a,=
    =zt"
    ..
    ]:,,a. =+lBxl<2xa 7)'da ,r,r4ar=It4ar
    ,, _,,,,.+_. =li2r+ 3r=r2 x+ rf ',1,r'+r 6'1,x'.r
    j.''"I..
    r5 ry
    =+ xea;_,r"+c= * (,r,_n6+c
    .. ay= | tzrt'ti,zat=s <zt*:id, \2t1rl1 at 3\x 2Jda =+,l8i4."=i\t 7n-.
    (u,I !l_=f(rx-ar"d.x (7)y=(,r-+)r dr I--rl!Lda= ! {.-]l]Ldr
    -tlLzx-oa'-tn'dx 'ir'.rr's ' ' t/r'.:r-:
    dy=3(r.-+)'"(, +dl :+c=1(r:
    =+, rd;t- x;-" 31t'- i.5 + "
    = rrr x-ai,+c -1x('t::1t) 4!-:+. 3 3
    =
    =11+c=
    165
    or)l-:fl-dx Al .'. I x"'fiF'' d x =I e. \ 21, + d,

    =lcx 5)(a:5:r+ttd:r
    p,.t"c"=E =!1eI..lta"
    ,x'. s,.ri .l =a i,'t r 'i,'-.
    ..lrx'-u{i.ra;, -irx'-'r5+irr'r)5+c
    -2
    =l(t'- D'- r). ".2.a.
    uaJ+(,-+)'dx= Je)(,-+)", =laa +ss)d,=+ s + Z s *.
    rx-si *|rx sl *"
    =le'?A,zLd"
    = ]
    =la;-a,\d,=1t + s."
    = ';'' -.=?(,-i[-" .. Ix' tt' -tf =+Ix'1txl t)',zxdx
    lxG sl dx=l\x 5+5)(r-5)rdr =J6-v1-!o-ql-"
    rrsr i----!I-=z t-!
    ',8(G.4', ',1' ll[+ :t-' ox ^ =1kl ,a+5(x 3)rld x
    tstlx",[Aax =t(+ { - +.\",
    ={rx sr'-jix:r'-"
    t.[i* i' +c=?(u
    =-.r-:------: + )) +c Lztlx'[x*ax
    psiis z =1rr l ..a=s+! = i, i t tl,I *."
    =tr.+r-"
    u"li'"f "*=r(''E)'"-
    1x .lrlxad\=l\, a)\qdz
    ..1x|),[].]dx.=la. +3f kt.i] d, =,o11x,-rr,+$rr:rt6+"
    =l!Se6+6;*e)dL
    -l f r
    = rl(-+)(, +v\ d
    =lt! ) + is z6 +2i z\d"
    z,t_
    T
    = 3 "+-.= 3 r,-+1 !a.rr:." -i{++1++?:-c .lfiax=lz)a,=lr -l a,
    _,, (,.1,)._.= _trr,_. tttlx.'{z*sax pftinsz=zr+j
    + (, (r r+* + (x-n+* ? (I-r4*. =L-tntLt+c
    a ..
    | a-st
    x=
    =ro1
    =r+ I rn tr+ I t+.
    o?)Jex 3, (a x+ Dr(Br-5)d, ",= + ", trrJx'{i:7ax
    ..1x.,[z*sat
    =JG r-r(B r'- lox-r'dr
    I{trdx= lr __-Ltd 1

    (sx'- rox-r'dr
    4 +d - r''{;, +
    d
    "-lg,+ 1,\", =x-li x+ I l+c
    = +l(6x- ro)
    =+-i,+ i,i.1.. ,rl lir"
    =--.. +.--" ,t,,.{;i",
    = 11px,- rox-16+c = $ i,'- sri- f e,.sri." =1n a4,5,-tu -,1+ a.
    ,!{o*4a{0,
    +'r,. I d, = +, +
    1rs)l'[ii;t*rxalLl--t dx = F' !A +) d z
    x",,Ei t P,$,s.={x-,
    = ! Lx' z x * l
    qx' -t x' *t x - rl d x
    r e1l d
    =1.,..,,.,
    :. d ri=2 Ld L
    =)la+ ,\*=.t.1.;,+." -]e rt'*ztx-unrntx-rt*.
    = ! kt x' x * tt <tt' t x' * t x- i a x
    t''{ x *t a x= I a' zf ,,, z,a,
    e
    .. I
    -lo,'ri"!rr-,1t."
    , .,,',.-',-.i} =lo2 2)7,2; d,"12; {S -a21+a)dL
    (s)Jnr'{G'-rrdx j€-.r5)"
    z =le; e1+EAd.=+ r -1s +3r+. -lG+'+ri)dr
    =.i lr'- r x'+3 x-4r+( =lu*zi ! 1,*,1i * ! 1,r21i*" = jx'"x*r"tr rrr"

    T66
    J++=J+ ,,.- ',, (,0) Jr' (+.+I,, r= Jr.x" (+.rJ' dr tql xl^[, * r)' ,],x p".i"g,=lrr*r
    =Jrrx * rl a.r ... x=\, 2l --da=2lt 2)tL
    = !""j'.' a,= t c,'. e.'. z, "t't
    " . Jr(1r-zfar
    , l;n,tx=l+d,-l(+,')d, -+.'"' i,'." nurirl8z=x+ I -.x=L-l
    =lt,2ftf 2t,-tn,
    =ritz z-i+c rn =+(E ,f 0E ,i' ?0'-,)'-" tl ax=lr, \t,:" =12{ t, !\,:-a,*qd,
    =
    "-,.ril-. ...lxrx*
    ur,l+,ix Inl:d'x =12t"(,'6]+12, z),tL
    -la" t)d,=+; +/*.
    , l,-1 ..rr=ja, =ltz": t21+24I t6L6) dz

    . LL.. |J = j rx- tf- | t:< - tf -.


    r#,,=IrErl'+,, =+)"+;+i; +r-.
    'lfirdx=l*a. o:rJo,'1rr- r .l:r= J qx'il,r-rrar =+({t.r'' i(fi.4'
    tr-!.+ -L, !\,,, =19,r. i ",!- i,;ya.
    - ,, .,,,1- "
    =
    = +,3.j' i, ?,;- * ,,,j-. .,(G,4'-+ ({t.r'-"
    !^d !^i-. f
    =
    1:+v,+ =
    1 .:- 1,i . +,1-.
    =+,4 3ri'+. eol{t({t t)"a.r ptuigz=It r
    =,0aa,,rir*a",rj* lc,-,rj*.
    =f;r,*,ri-tl;r,*,,i*.
    Lrot4 ',",^-,='lli-
    (!:r I_:!Ld x
    .Ifi(G r)'ax
    oa)Jffidr pudns z-x- l ,/rT. '
    .'. x=(z l)r jdl=:r(z l)rd, -'-zx=z 3 ,=+, i =ltz+r/.2tz+t)dz
    .'.:r=z+l f,dz=dx j rrj-=lr'' : J'=i'rr iz+ L'd?
    =ltz; + 12,+b/,1.
    ,lvi., \,
    .

    . \'
    lg=l!+1d,=l(.,++r.,),r.
    '1\ r llz
    =lt226 + t2L5 + 1Btr,1L
    =lr1/r oz)+r/ r rd?
    =t.:!L^ldz=,lIz, rz 1Jz
    =1;*,;-+ s-"
    -$-,,$-.-3o-',1-',r,,,i-" =+.-..,.".,-. I @ .l - \,t;,I-+(,/-r'."
    € (i,'-,f
    ,'(trr- 11"(1,t-')'-.
    =+", 4-"-i,,-,,'-, =

    i,otr,[I. ,"=y6r[-, "'


    =
    u5)[+ = jr" pr+ 1 +zpx+1'*"

    .,_1-,1 e!) Isil:11d x


    Jffi=J? +,, . ..t^{;S-^,=tt t{;\2e t),1 L
    tt*t-" a,
    =J(+.,+,61 ;)d.= +.1- +,+.. =!za t,! a, =!tz', t,*21"!d,
    ={r,,-"-ri*{o,,r}*. =1rz.i r,1*z,lt d,
    =
    !,+ 1,1- !,+."
    ,16,J!r- purirg,=f r

    (1\
    r)
    = +(18-'I +{1/;.r'.+({t-,I-"
    16S
    o =Iln(r.+ l)-(I-ln I+l )+c (r:rJ{ihxax r srI:-r:a x=1'-r r'"--to,
    =i(ln(x+ l)-i(+ln x+l +c
    ot\^(i)dx =ixlnx -Jr" r J'r*"
    rt l,i^ la,

    a
    -rh(i) id, !-.z_+ r
    = J"'-.
    + lt6-2),c,-'r x= {
    o =rh(}) ,... =ixr rn.x-i jxzJx
    ]

    xl '.,t{o'=,
    ' ii- rr.v-.',
    ' rlEi
    = i hx_ i,1,1-,
    =ixr ri). ;i,+.
    r jdxl ,6,J.,i 1= J,.,-,.--r-
    =,rr'+.. l'."
    =, IJr 1n

    l4A ,roJ'lia,
    =z'[inx-!zx],tx rzr j-fiax= jJrz"".zr(
    =r\, h x .
    -2 ,21[r+
    = ! x'no'.tt- !!Lax 4'{r-" -r)ar
    ,3rl-!dx=Jx.' ,' f---,/ - l
    =,tCt"x
    Gr1ilax ralr rmn
    =1,. .' t+. .'d, -' r"sr,f =f ] r,sxa;r 'ok.rrsrlommun
    L i.'. l
    osrf
    ,.(,+11 i.+
    =i,."-i(*.")-" = + x1h$+ 1\
    =+t!,5r)'l*. -l'a,tr r!t dr= 'rf-- IdL roGrru$.
    -+,." +."." +le+dL
    ooio" r'f =JJrr, xr'ax
    nul:mB

    ,",J+-,. =+x't tx-r - +le J!:!d. =,"1r +t.c


    "
    =i,1}+5'e' ,'x
    -_
    /
    o,'5)l =1"'*r,. 'r il(, z. ,t)d,
    unJh x+= , ',"r*J+dr o
    ];nrx.l j(j"' 2,.r"t,)-.
    I

    (rz)l' )'da =i,'^1,.r-it-,-in " *. =+" , ." =?x2at'2x.t' 1..1 n,


    =1u,,r" "- *, j" "." = j x'm rx* r1 * rx* rl*rx* rr .iJ,r. +""'9 ''
    -jt r-r -.
    =lo r-r" "- j c"." =1x'r"r ? tx'ax

    Lf
    L'
    =+x',"x J+x'da
    =+x,br +,+x.-.
    ={rmx-fx'-" o
    =?rhr
    .lr'r,r fx'."
    3" +r..
    ?,,"
    =xr"rx* rr

    E )lr1J"'' da= I I6,"'r'' x


    (r
    f rf a:r
    olJ;!.lr=f ("1) "rrrax=t" t"r ..
    d

    =jJr.,_.
    rI,,J Ldr=Jl !)(r,,'dx r,J adl=aji,.r\,. I Jx
    -tllljldx r
    =i*f \tz,;?ax
    (a+ r) J(' L)dx = j r.tJ'- r -" = j l.q""-1-.
    =rh =+x dl- +;'+.
    ,," Jr'."rr re, tr_dr= t+.rdr= .-+. r:,l4ar
    F*%;;;l
    =',.,.,,'.,,, |.,,,"-.. i ;; l .,=+" i ,,"=+", Il
    +:c "*. 1..,1..
    l-,/"., [1 L- !
    'J+da=J5:''+d'
    yz -
    Y4+5r
    t.-'" r rn r-l?d x]
    [2
    E- .;.1 =J(+,'i.,ld. E
    f; i---t =rtr.xl: zxr"x+z "Z-+l - e"i c "i--
    Ttu slop. ofrhe peipendiculor = :l - I
    .. The!lop.of th.bg.trr= tu = u =t l

    ]tx*lJ'
    | " ".,'''i r1r'Jxrh.$)d.r
    1 x'rr, xr'
    f._,,J
    z-, I ={ror'r} } ro*s'r4*"
    . y=Jr:d x=r"ra r t*"
    l{'". '
    =
    l+. ".,+,]
    l+r'' " l
    l-:dx=+ txr4+5)0, dx
    .'.3=rnl2 3l+c ic=l
    le;;
    ",,.-..I
    /o-u
    l
    tir'hx rjrdil
    +u
    ,; ]
    t.z-r!\) =
    -

    il[5ri+a,']
    :L
    =+lr5r+4-4r5x+4), dx
    L
    ai5
    :1,
    r*a) ? ]d x
    ..

    El
    T1le

    n ,r.p" a,r-
    equ..im ofrhc curyc

    *g-, = j] =:r1/i * r
    y=ln, 3 +3

    ); "
    = +x';'- + x""
    ir/.'l or*qi nor*olr.
    I

    -+xkx++x,+. r - ..v=jx1';.rax
    ' i's i5 = jtt* r - u rr* rlla,
    3' I I
    r+4)/ i (5r+ 4)r+c
    = B:(5 = Jr,,. - r,+tq,
    ',i-,,
    rrr j-! ax puiins z.\ + r=z =!r,-,,;3o-rri-.
    =-.Irx+lt.' '''i , "' (" +)*"-*.*.
    rJ.'ar
    -,,.,, 1_,,-.,,.1
    1u-r)
    I

    |
    .,=+,-+ ",=+". . l{={o. r,}-},0-r,i.. ...-r
    Il I-:d,=tr=r,+d.
    1,r+r 1z - : Thc.quln@ of tu cW. :
    =-x(x+,IrC +c'+c
    ui- ,;i,
    tr,l{0,
    1r 1Jx1r+-xar p,ni"g
    ".rdz x
    ,',d,= =lt, \@- dL=Jb,-zr)dz
    ,= ] r** J 1,* r

    . 14G-alr=lL+ t,fi, t. =+j z;," o-


    = ! ( 4,+..1\ d,- -3,1. i,1 - i, x-,,. jrlx. ',r..
    ru"r"e.mo.,-g."=fr -rfi{i
    " =+
    ..y-lx,[?iax
    =+i4 n,+ i r4 r,+c
    'r;i,r ,, =rr ,1""..2,a, =*lrzrr6';ax
    =+t;*". !x,[n-xax= ] x1t x]ax
    '\'1*t =l' i,,'.,,'."=+,,'.',;."
    = Jr,r , +ro rlar =2)(2x12)t+t)3,1x
    = +I-.t a*\'*lt d,)
    = lp ai ap e\,1, =2lt:z x+ t t)\2x+D-da ..,=Jro-'r*."
    :1. "=i
    =+..'1"*D't+t*. = t'o ,oi- $ ro r?." = zlP r+ r' i,x+" ' ldx ,', Th. cquarion of rh. cFc :

    =!o-ri {to ,r3* " = i r2.r+ rl, - i r2 r+ r'r+c


    '=!e'-a*.i
    172
    Er Ill m @
    '.' Th. sloF of rh. p.rpeidiculd =
    HE
    '. Thc slope of ihe p.rFndicde = - (ln ,g '1 i-L= i!
    .' rh. d.F.f$.rryd=11= !-=Inrj(]'
    .. rh. o, trhs r=-+]]= 1E++ or rb tt' 4x=0
    rlope
    dv!J1r'i\
    y=jrr, xr,a: ,... rhecwe h6 m ina.dion p.inr
    ,, 7 -;-.

    .. d=txxdx=ir'+, icra@mE )
    ,', a= l +. r ir hd r le.l frinimum viln. (I ro)
    '
    , '.' (9 , 12) lid on rho od.. ...y=L'1t 22.'+2.'+ tr The equarion ol &e cwe : y: = Ja
    I
    +3 , ]=0dJ(= l
    c
    .. r2 =ire)r+) (err+. ..c=0 =x(t"11 zxt"x+2x*c Ia ..o=;+c $us a=-,c o)
    ...I'e re posB drrcugh (c O
    ,', T1r qudioi of dr cuft :
    ...=e 2e+2.+c .'.c=0
    ' lL=xt '. r=r(|x,,")ux=|:r,."x.a
    '.-'n'e.rd.p s.s rhrugn (0 ,2) , (l
    .-.y=xo"t'zx,trx+zt ...Ixdt =1.'dr 'o)
    .. ],'=,r,.. .. r=+to)+c(o)+d ttr=2
    ltl , ... dE .Be pasB rhDnsh (l 0)

    Ol ...]=-r+" '
    ."-r+ , o=|ot*" <Drz .'..+6c=-r2
    rh. slmor EDftndkulI=a .. au.ioi or dE cw. is t, + r rr = I+
    ..-2.+6c=-12 r.4c= 12
    : Ti.slopeol0retug. =i to
    -. I-rid x :.c= I ia=6
    ',i=fr "=
    a., I (r, r).' , r. Th. .luation is of rh. cufle l
    ..b"d,=lxdx..l=1r1." _
    H _r _(r,r) "^- .lr= ', ? I
    *,t1,""rq="
    ..e=+0)r+c . rhc cw. ps.r rhs$h (l ,2 .) ,. ar 1= I rheE is a niniDtrn
    .rc=e ' v,luc,

    .'. Thc otd'e is: l= I'+9


    .""=+-"-" ,.=tr. . (.7- ),=
    "q*iio" "-e +
    .. Tn .quri@ is : y =:ai+J+ 1. '.0
    ,'. IteE k r lmal muiDum v,l!.
    ID
    ,', TteE is o local ouimnD vrlu. cr x= -I
    .-. Tte local Mimum value tu (y)t 4
    Al r=

    , rh* h r lmal ninimnm v,ru. !r , -3 @i


    :u-o:r'1 40r+c .,.v=930dr=30 =

    =dr=" l+o/ ) : 930 = 0.2 x (30)':-,!O x m+c '


    frm inagdin8 e4rition ( I
    ): t'
    af-=6r-2 ltY intstuioo
    l' : l \8 = x'-3 x'-9 x+c
    .. y =J.rJ'a r I

    --2=27-6+c
    =+rr.J+r,da = + xr,- +r'+c . (- rt-r (- r)'-9 (- r) +. =
    ,', c= - 19

    ,'. ih"*..e"". rh^st (+,,


    ar I = O *e sd rh. ctrgociry of L\c v6$l = 2OOO cnl 17
    ,'. i =3 .n2 2 ir 19 (by inr.cmrion oce mm)
    vNcl i! cmpty *hcn volunc of rhc liquid -0
    .'=+"+.-+"."."-' , rh.
    : l\\-)tj 3,.2 sx+12 -- 1=?J-9-57 +ct ia-,()
    ,'. Ttr .quotion of nE .lM :
    .'. TlE local minifruh vilw is
    - I]E equition ol th. cur. :

    r={rJ'}r'.s ,,, (-,oo)'?=o : r= rm sond. ,(3)=i: r (1)1-9 * r*,2=- t5 y=x1-x'-19x+4J


    to ,,,*f=" ... /( r)=rislsalmarin mvalue.

    yrur ,.. y=j(6x-6x1dr=rx: rr'*",


    ....t(1)= r is ro.a1 minimum

    (by inresmrins both sid.s mcordrs b a) ,o4=,,, ,


    ,i o=u, puir:q=o .'.4=:r (0) 2(0)+c,

    !1=tu !r=_r..
    ",.,
    .'r,.,r"p""r'r'.."e*," (:. j)- ,(,ij,),=,=,,"*"*,-**', dcrernin. helpins point ar x - l,:l=3
    J .. The sloF ol.he rangenr ar x=I
    t#],,.:,=* ($),=,=,',,,'.'^'-"*", tilt =or rr e, rl= r;
    +=+," Thc.urvccuty nh dI=0 .'. r(0) = .'. Tho slopc ofth. Fry€ndicnlr =
    9=1*'ro, " *.,,***,-o
    I 121

    rDerrmin.orh'poin6:/(2):r,/( 2)= r ...y=1( r)r r( r)'*a=e


    dcr.mir h.lpiie foiis ara= Lr= I
    . 'rhc 0-c e!{$- rhi."sh (, , ;) T
    ic .r ln" p",r""di*l,, l::
    .. , =
    ;=+.,-., .,="
    Th." equa'ion olfte.une i, y= +x
    "q*ti.. 121

    trins :=n .. \=
    o |r i irnnrdron)

    . irl=e r-,r ...i(:r)=:rx' ar*.


    z
    jtxr=o
    1

    '.1(x)=ir',x'r5r+..
    , 'rlt.uncpsssrhruush(l ,- 5)

    :. /($-Ir 2I' rsx+ lr


    pd,i"si(r=o ..ra: ar 15=o

    ID
    ,. n. r,"o-" r,^
    "
    .*1.,. *r* I r = =i f(!=r(r: r)=rr'3
    r-"r
    ,. r( t') =$"r,i.r, i " r*,r.*m". -r,". ..Jf(rdr=Jox'1)dx
    TD . x passs rhrcuEh ( 2, l)
    rhcndp.drcehnse =*i=6x' + bx . /( 2)= 3+6+c= l :..=r
    .. y =J(6x':+brd x- 2xr++rr+o
    ,...i@)=5 ...5=0+0+c pur.a(x)=o jr=rl
    ,r= r i-4l1.or,r,.* r,.*i,,, *r,o
    o
    @@
    ,.Jt2l= 3 ," r=r6+2b+5 ...b= 12
    ,* x=o 1-4r 1, o r,r,"* i" .i"i.". *r,o
    "
    ... d.r=0lnerc rminimum v u.-4
    E (: )l tr + r-::o
    "o,'r
    a r o?, t'Ll !r d (?,, J
    I
    j;1,)dx=1 ( i 4r),r r(
    +
    o)lsiipi(-rdJr. ].* cr sr-. =l (sE: x " co.':, d a = J d x= 1+ c =jr*.'x*,i" I x a
    tz r16*"ra:r=6"i" r*. ( { )10 * cof ro sii')r d:r
    = J*.'x " ,i"'x d x
    (3)Jc a,i,arda=r, ];- i*+r-. =Jt,i"1x+"*'x *rnr.""9a;r ta.+d r= i,-".\ trx
    =idx=r-" rrsr
    (a )JGi, x*os x=-c,"x+"i, x+. ts rJu" r.*.ra:r=J"" xa x= -"x*.
    frr j;" lax=r- j *. zx-"
    x)d
    . u =Jtz ".'rrtx=zx."x*.
    (5)J*;(5 3rd r= +k" (5 r, *" (,olr+=Jscri!dr
    r'3rJ rr+dx=J!!!!d)
    (6)jGin 3:r se:rr)dx -Jt"i"'x**"'r 2si.xcosx)dx
    r
    =:r"., r + h rx*. = Jir
    "i"
    z xr a:r=r* j -" zr*" i.* x-, xd 1=-cs x+.
    =
    =Jrr+."tr,"*1:rax
    (?)J#(l-ii, )dx= r-t(+)." tzrJir*-r'Gr r)ax=j*J Gr rtax rrer f!e! !,rr= Ir*. x-+*,',(,,rx = I r.*'r * -t x"*':o a x

    ruJ*" z:r"" z xar= j * zx*" =+dca r) *. sinx 4tutrx+c


    = *, +-'',.
    (s )rG +.oa rd-x=Jc + r+.drrda
    =
    (2t l r-a 1d r=jh"rx ("-:xr)d x
    tclJ.* s x*r s-lrax=]"* sx*. (D,[= l-Jr=l '(.mrd
    Ldr x b":,
    =J(2+c$'r)dl 9
    ..-
    =l(-',r*J dx
    oo)J(a-"r r*-: * r)d-t -Jtr*:x*Jr "Jr+ Irar
    =Jo.* zx+*Jr+ tlax rq r l-l-r x= tr.*'s xax=l-,s x*" =J- Ld)=J4..(::x,rr =i*', *,-,-"
    (2s)1:in :( sii 2:rda=lsinx x, sh r cN xd,
    ll1)lser(s.x-rurrdr
    oql =gl: - J.e ,.r h, , r d x
    1r,r
    =Ju "*'r-"xax= I "n'xr.
    =lcd:r sexeird}] - + ".,,-. r)lt'r-m!arr,r) dr fr !c,,r lrdY or) Jco" r. oo" 2 x d r=J*" x1 ,.-'11 dx
    rr1)joqjjax=J". s r-r s ra:r = | r.o, x-zo"-r,i"'r a r
    =J0 +tus (2:! )) d:(
    (rr)JN.r(co!r-.$ rdx =:!.\c 5 a+ c
    =Jt*xcor-n.*'-oar or)l kr - x)r + 2un xld-t -x+ + ii (2x 3)+c oo)I(i, r+ -rr:d x=l(b":x+"otx+2)d r
    t L.r
    'otr
    =JtHr-x+b"1x*,k"xl d jr i!r, x= tI "
    ljrllt d Y
    =.Jkl* r.+ r) + Gdrx+ r, d x
    o) j6 M 2x(h2x+oJ2rd-l =J*.'rar=r-x*"
    lr!!t \ =i(*.'r+*Jrdx=h"x -,x*c
    =Jto*c zrmz:r+ o.* u rax i'rrl -r, ,rlr=J-+-dx=J-r 1d 1 = d r = l1-119:-] d
    -o {,* z;r* e
    } zr*. !l
    " " "r" = ft"*:r + "* x-r 1a r ( r)d x
    -3s2)r+3sin2a+c ')1"-radx=J(+ +.s,
    ooJ,ext:-,r z,- P ar ooffffiax=Ji$ax =jx-i,.zx-.
    =fa z"*'rar=rx zr.x*" =J(l +sin jod 1=:r msx+c (,)icd'xdx=l(+ ++ -",x)dx
    t L.rr=1tc{,r,rr=_.",t,.
    E r15,,li:]ir r x= Ir41dx = +,- +"-,"..
    ( t )l t6l x - Nir' nt\ = l c* 2 x d a
    rx,tl 5sl "$r pn,tdr 1r 1J1t +-"5'alr=J1r + z"* r+
    "oJ11o
    r
    - j -i,u:r*. =
    j1""c:x+ tlax=-corr+x+,
    =I(r -,*, x. + - + "*, r)d x
    q z 1f"i": r-": ra x-Jj "i,orar (t6) J;## d r- J!s--lj+ d r
    =l(J.z*.r-j*zx)ar
    =-l -, ox-" -Jr.*x,*xrax="i"x*-,x*" =
    jr*Jx'-x'-ra:r=o".r,*.x*. = f rru ", r. { ,r,2:t -
    "
    (4)J(r sinr0+sinrd:! (r4,1:11d1=rn hx +( 1: I j"r"'x-' ra x= {,;".r*"
    =Io ".'ed,r=1*Jrdr :. nz-Zxdx (3 )jsin rol,.da= I,t"r"*radx
    LgI r l-"1,,r, h, lerlj
    =J(+, + *,rda= + "1", x..
    i I d
    + x- 's,
    5hr
    ... I x a, t t d x= t Izx a, t x' t x
    =.1-J x"
    _ forr d r rn "

    =t(i - j *,2x,.. x)a x


    = ! l'*s 'a' (!)Jl5 b''r s6: xd r= hir x+"
    ooJ!e+++ar=rnt,er-r *.
    ar i,*,x-"1" x-. =j,{r"..r"tr. tslJt"i"x+-rarter osc'ra.r
    (6
    =
    )J(*
    +
    r+*r: d 1=J(*1r+ 2 + s'xldr rr7, t!!l: d x= t?"i",T",d r ={r,-rr'*" = { t,i" r * -r l'+
    "
    =t(+ +.*,r,,-,-'rdx
    + ( 3) jxr.0s(rr+5) dr= Jra:ms (xr +s)dI
    1 -"rax= { c *"i"4'*.
    1c 1J1r *
    "in:,1
    =l(j, j.* zx.*"'r)ar us) J!+ d r = J"-,.-" x d'= +"h'?
    x +.
    =*''t''*a*' r zrl{r -.;*, -,.,tar

    = j x-i
    ",zr -*x-. irr, t-rn1d r Iagld x= I1,,.,xdx () l x*; tx' + 2)'t x = + 12 x r.J \x1 + 2) d,
    = l<r *.in rri r"*l a,
    =

    =jo c629 d r=r.- + sii2x+c =lwa"+zt+"


    -l(eJr- r+ r -o,2 x)dx (s )1.'.0" c') d r = "i, G1+.
    =J(*2x -"2rdx-br- + sii 2r*c ,.".G
    (B)J*Jr.bi rdx=Jec'rcd rtu, di
    roJQ r =l({.}-"zr r-;;o')4.,r (6 rl-d.\
    1lr
    _csYI dr
    =21,vt *',..
    '*'sr<)ax
    =r(+.+.*," (+-+-,,r')dr = i
    -JG sin'r-as*'5 adr =2,intlx+ c (e )J"dx.*rad x=- J.*'x(-corrc$, d r
    =l(+. i e"', x-+- + e*tx
    =r(! ]"*zx +*"'s4ar rlJ4". Qa r--JQ,r" Q ar =:l *J r*.
    j*'zr)ar-ff i(]-i*'rx)ar
    ] x-j.,u x- i r. s r."
    = = (-,+)-.=*";-" oo) j (r+
    "i.r.
    + d r'(t + co' r*s'ro d.r
    (, ) J-rr- =j,qf-loJ xd r: =J(+ + *"*4r=J(+ +-,4rdx
    =1x l*+.r." ( 3)l["i" (3a'+ 51-7)], I12xr+, dr = { tr*.i"x*m1'r"
    =1(j - j '* z.T
    )ax = c$ (3lr +51-7) +c
    o,) I.""'. -, r. d x = c" n

    =i'-i*"-" (e)lt6s(r+o,!l t1 -sJxl dx


    1u; j"i,'xcm'ra r =Jrn':roJ ros:r a x
    "

    =J-Jr0 -J!dr=l6Jr'ii'xdx (r0l[s =lsii"x(r ).)


    -" r. d r
    =J 1,;'1x+ z.* x+ -r:rr a; ('inro]'x (.c rdr(=h Gin ]o +c "i,:
    =J(+-+.*,r-,-,r-"-'r,)d1 =J(+"t",r'da=J + ".",.dx 0r) Js.1(sc ro x kc,tu.xd x =lGi,'x 'in"ll-. rd x
    =lf j -, zx.z-,r-"*'r- i)ax - J+ (+- j-,44dr= J(+-+*"4 4 d r =t rrr rcs, sn rmsrroa
    =-f i,zx+z'i,x-"ax t x*. =+, +",,,-. 02)Jec(5x3 7)h(5r.r 7)i r5r'?dx
    =+.trr
    orr Jm €r* rra;t.1 r,t-, ox* rt *" + "i'i..
    E_l ol J-"'xa J-J r "* x= x x
    =]ur*"o r* o *.
    a
    (l3) J
    sin cin ro cs 1d x= -.os Gii rO + c

    =jo-'in':o-,rax
    =?t" "*6 z-r1*o(s-u x)t*" Pltz-rr :.dz=2xd)( El
    ( | )1"*:r-radl= Jr."'r.t-rxox =J(msl sr'?rcs,(:) d x
    ooJ"-tax*aa:r =]r" "* ox*l =lx";x'ax= flzx"nx'ux
    =+ J,,,d,=+*..."=?-'r'-. =:1-f r * "
    181
    oola"t"'rdx=Ja(+ -", x)'di. 0a IelEcx(l +6i jo dn (2i)(d) 127)(b) (23) (a) (2e)(r) (!0)(c)
    +
    .'. i = sii 2 x + I 6y int cntinc wirh rcsFd ro x
    Ol -. y=jr"i"zx* rla x=- j x* x*c,
    =Jo -2m2 x + c*:2 rd.r "*z
    rn. cwc p6sd rhtulsh $. (o , l )
    =J0,-",,-*.i-,,,)", = I m x- Jl *r r-:ra:r *=7- 'in2r (intcBr. wiih eped b,
    ..r=-j*o-0.c,..c,=|
    poinr

    -l(;,."",,++os4r)dr -ler s xtu rd,(= r s r.+.


    .,. t=- *"ox.x-
    j
    x-'r,zx. { "r" r:r - @)l.t-"x(r -mtxl d r=i.r*"adr ]
    =
    " flcexorxar=J"*x ..y=7x.+*",x-Z ID
    oo jr-rra r= Jm'r on ra r
    =Jt.'x-rr",;,a, Ol dx-'-q
    =lc*':Jltur h rdli fl="inx-,x lio"g*"
    "it ..po,,o e
    .ltt *.* vr a y=lxa.t
    = j r-'x-r, r*.rr*" =1". x@s,dx= +
    y
    (z)l ("6 rc"" 3Jt')d 1= rd "t"':a+c
    oo IorrJld,.= Jcd'r 6,.rd r.
    +
    "'ir+
    +c
    dr=* , 6my= r '. The cDde passr 6nugh onsin poinr.
    1a)lGen r'1'dx=lse'1J-'da ,=+,r'+." ..."=* .,=+"#,-+ rhe

    =Jt"*':r- u"orrar
    =Jt"o.,t*.':r -r1ax =+ J, *'xc-'dr= + r'-'-" lol t"
    .'. cquation; y +
    "i"y = { x'
    =?*fa+hrs.rr+. coJr'"'"*'a.x=$*.
    @r
    orlbrx eJ r d r = b.r b" xs'r x d rl7] l+d x= l5 urksr nd Y=:L.. . r(D=l(,*'a
    "t,,)dx=knr+-.r+c
    J
    m=di=,r+iq'i
    =lhx(*Jr- D ec'rdr rh. -nc p.*, rr*,ch o" poinr (4 .l)
    im *l x- o xt*'xr a:r rutJ.rsnxa.r. '' lD, (by inGgding wirh ftsper ro x)
    = J x

    =J*'rror:9 srx(o.rsrar =,x6\r I @\rdx |


    lua
    //
    -r ...'=tA*i'"')^,
    =-!*JI-1"-'r..
    I ..1=r*4." -,'. i.,,-i."
    ,rerl1c64 rd x l;;-l : Thc.quarionisy=b 1+6sa I
    =Ih'1d:rhx&cxdx = +, *^, - + I'-,,", +*^ Z-,
    | I ml
    t --"p""* rr"-gr,a" p"r",$,{.s)
    =J1se'1x- no'?r1"- xru4 ax +,+*4r-.
    =+r,r,4x " 4-'=(*)'-*f
    ..
    jlserrr"-:rm r-rJrr*.rm S=:,r*nx-z:r"i",xty io,"g*,:ng
    ,, y=I,+b++s
    = f r,.rx.;i -"r,."
    = xrl
    .. v=l(rr"* t:txt-z n"t.rr)ax
    = i,*',- i.*'." Gorlr!E)xd). =3siiriI+2sra+c :B]
    G)Jo +sii)0.'
    qr x-.r '6r+c *'
    d
    =rh, J*xdr ,r' I
    Tlc.rftpas.srrbughrh.p.inr(1, 2)
    d xq=,sc1x (by iotsEtins *id, E pe!bx)
    eo) 1.'cos e'd r = "in .x +c
    Ihx rn 5(xt+.
    =
    r
    (2ol.a(@, r- ce':, d .'. y= 3 sinr x+2co,ir r rhc cm. p**" n -ugh dE g s)
    =ltJ.cx-"'*'rax Ol eoin* '
    ".1'.-," ( l )(d) (2)(b) (3)(a) (4)(a)
    (3)(a) (9)(bi
    (5)(a)
    (10)(b)
    aDJ
    -de,,
    (t)
    ([)(c) (14) (r) (1, (c) i=l26szr t i=sin2r.+c (2)
    =re,x+i.r.*,rd,-J.' 03) G) G9) (d) (20) (d) .'. Itueq@ioof rh.hseniisy=J(+ I
    (23) C) @)ib) (2' (h) ; I y=2orI+ l
    Tt.slope = .rx=o r. Theequorion
    tts .. tl ti r*,r* (a)J*Jxdx-l*'x *adx Il
    ".0r,n
    j{ =
    ""'x -' itune,,,"c
    x
    ","r
    ."ro . r r =J0 +rlirr {. xdx t \,!'1dx=lt x)',-7 ,a -1,1=21

    r= Jr *J;o-rrrr=- j -,'.x*" 1!1 .,, on.-vin.,,r,"


    - J"" r a x*J,-'x r ar (2),Jter+r)dx=[x'+3x]'
    ".
    n . **" p..*. o,-,gr t" p.*r (f , z j ) n'" *." p""* ,r-,rr, o" p.i", (f
    ' z{z )
    :=-+-r(+)." "=3 r : t ,J' tl x' - o x' r st a r = [x' z r' * s x]1,
    rh..qurionis y = sin r+cos r 1lt I -1nls€x+ 0i xl+@IscJr I
    :D] :2I ro,l'q=4,rx=,J' (3,(' jr')ax
    @ = ln 6eI+tanx +tuJa...I+c

    F.l
    sbpe $e noml = (2 y + l) cs I
    r= j r, t""x*or +
    + h rscr+; =t,, -t,11=+ (+)=j
    .. r'oee or Lle bn8or =
    dx = A y + Dcd
    lby idegBnng *nn resp.d b :rl j.'osrdx (s )J'fi r. * r dx= J'Gr* rrl d r
    :.J0y+r)dy=l sin rdl = r.6x-Je'-"rda .. a,=lax =t,,l.l).1;=t3,3x_,r,li=+ i= 14

    The sva ps$s $toush rh! ongii poinr (0 ,0)

    E'T
    F-l
    l'*L.l
    (6)"J'c,- r),r d er- rrl];
    i(= [+

    _241 ! _2!l
    ,',

    tD.llr
    Th..guotion is y:+ y =.os r I - Jcox+.x"i"r
    by ddins l

    = .r
    to e&h sidc
    r

    . x
    t-'4 =c"i"" J"'"i. "d"

    !-;l '7roi #d'=J r +4rrdr


    ' =t.,'-"iil=,'- ,="
    L::11
    .'. 2 I cos a + er sin +
    I r,9 =.i"'r Jcoszdz
    .. rn. iiEsaion =+ cr Gin x ms!+; +.'.6 z-I rrl
    I =.r sin z
    r3rJ L3
    ,I=e'sinz+c'cosz= + lGi z+cosz)+; fr=J 'r:d'=l-r,3
    ..lldy=j(+ +-',rdx ,=.'*x-I.'M,d, =-a,'[i t q=t tlz
    .i l- { x- i "t" zr-" =i""x I J-,x
    = + r. Gii cn ).1* os tt' r) +.
    r I r,lr:rar=,j'({'. r)ar= [! J.r]'
    od. plsd rhrcush (o l) 1r1J"i" x"* r r.r.r= j sx"i, r:rar
    rhe
    '
    . .c=
    + - J- r*. xa xl
    s

    j f[fis x.in r x*.o": r"* r I


    Jz "i"
    =+;=?
    .i r - j;r, i., z.r- i =.r"i.x*J**x-I =
    c x+sinsr.sin rl I 'ro,J'iax
    ... 4 y1 = 3 (2 x ,in 2 , +4 byaddins lro.rh nde 5 .x.os 3 3 d

    ID r. c .'.21=.rri r +.\ cos =]It-'or-rro cos(5 j(+3r)dr


    , (,/t- Ai{F ,{i.") --

    oq =
    *. r r (ry ior"s,aios *i!h *,p"o o ,) .. r = j.'r"i, r*".xr ri =+Jtos,,-@s3rdx '' (Iii")
    "in
    {3 ) j-+-d,=1,("*:5 xd I = j '. z x- r-L
    i, s'*. = j'('{"-'E-l)"
    y=sinx+.osx+c (l)

    Il
    @tE =t?"J ;,i..,11,=+-+=f
    **9=o Ol
    .'.osx-siix=0, =Jx*r: r+ t,-!, nt*"sr *" .f ex" 2)d\=Ix'2x)\ rr r,J'"i. r a.x = 1-*,rl{= r * r =z
    "t""r=+,+ =ta, ,(a, k ,t ,( ,,
    -lx-rsr {nt*"sx ." =56+4=r{
    rz r-f'-,eae = [,-e]i= r -< o=u
    ll
    El El r-zx*r r.I
    r ! r 6c o mi o d € =
    [ s.6Ji ( l)J(ri lt r r=1 :
    { rrt"!' x'at* -,1" x'ax" -J' x'ax r rn d x = J' t a a x *,1' t <n a, [2x-r x.+
    =t-f-CE)l=o 1/x+6dr.-,J 1x+6dr
    "l'
    r2r ; x
    , {,"J'sJ xd r= t@.rl;= 1/r - o ='l/j
    = J' x'ax*.1'Ltx ua..t "' J' t \x:, d x ='l' @x*D d

    = - x -,!'.[x, d t x
    =r+"'r:.r+"' ,,I=3.+ !9
    l'rzx lax
    a a
    J'',[x *
    ,r' l'r".,",, a.= f .*" l'
    I
    =/fi;dx lDl
    rr rf *ar* J'* a x- J'r a.,t,.J't a x =tr.,li. t,' ,.1i

    x )' a+ t .l /rrdx=il ,dx+)J rdx


    (6)J" (a +,r.6, t) d r= [ar+]lii rrl:, = )' *+t * )"'- a
    J"
    * a

    = tzxli* [] r'li=o-or*o-ur= m
    syJ'zx" tx* J'x'ax <tt t Lnl,I7iiiiJ=tx*zt
    ttr
    = 2,J )''dx+J i('d.t
    iz r-Ji r,i,, x*
    "*:o
    a r= !*,x*,i,xl'! -1,*, , ,.-:
    = 1- <-t)= 2
    (J (, = 11 n m .rcn turcrion)
    ,l'.ii,la'=,l"r rerar* J' roax
    s,"J'hz,c']zdz= l+tu'4;= = J x'dx+J r\'dx=..1 .r'dx =,!o x * x\ t J' x x\,t x .. J'twdx- J" ex-z>ax
    + -o= +
    , t:z t:z

    , c,-tl rl =^t{.*'ar=I-,r]i
    El -k'.+'li,.k' +,'ti * J'1x*zlax
    l r) )'z ! <kax=t,s=rs
    =0-(-l)= I
    t 2 ) J1 2 E \r) d x - -2 J4 E @ d x = -2 x - 3 = 6
    =+."": =I +f ,xl:
    ,ro' lq!1dr= I{ *'* .$x.zx)'"
    '0, <zt.l'Iztrl, zze:idx IEI
    =r.*,ti=,,=, =1J't\f,)da 2f E@)dx
    (1)J rr=lx- r = l
    =i.+='
    lx-l ' .\.1
    lll =3i5 2! 3=r5+6=21
    ,l'.roar=,J'cr*lo,
    trt,l' f,ax-lzntx li=rr," zt,r=z
    r,J'rr- ua,
    lx' , x.0
    i!, l'4.r=lL" xrl'=h, r..= , r,l ctrd J axd'
    =
    '* = t+r-,11,. ti r-"li " ,j'rtrlox=,J'<-x1ar
    or ,j '|ax=[:r" r [] =3 xr+[2r:]1=-e+32-3= 15
    .l' x'd x

    =,t","4=,", El
    <2ll rxr=tr r =l 'l l r1l, - tj
    "'l;
    J'Itt"'--erla* lx l
    or"1".'a,=[.']i'=r,=r
    =3,J'J(I)d:r t3x11
    =-i*=4
    J'r rer a x= J'c:r * rrar
    rsr"l'rzr rnax=[.x' ;"{i =3[.J'r(!d,.J'J(rd,] t3 ",5 r, al *J'r:r-lar I rr:+l2r , r<a
    =0-7.1-(-7) = 16-?.' -t,,,,_,,,
    c'- d, ["''- J]l:l Ol
    =tTx'+rxl, ",.
    i 6 )
    ,.,J"'p "")
    =

    ,!' t <n d r =,!' t tn a


    "-,!' t tn a' .l+ 3rl:r .,l' t <nax=,!' t- t x', o nax
    - 2q
    9-, ll =l rr+ 6x'll, =,0
    = 255 l15t =
    lo rzt .!" x' dx=2,,1' x' r x=2, ) = I rr r,j'I u.r.= j
    "f:
    x ,o-x',*,r r
    rs r,,f'r xl,rx= ,,J':r'a:r-l =+ [,(,]+r1l];=+ rro 6l=,
    : Jr + dx=^ lOl(r-J('i"udd ,4' r r':+,, dx
    rr']1 "'/i'-rl:*
    rzr'..;11=4!u;u,1,1 rD ,l"r'ar= ,J'r'a r= e
    =1.,., =I oxr rx'*: r'* roia r
    1.,, "J'ox'*
    ..,f!;ldx=,.. = + [,(ar+3r'?+,6)z];= 3 t6 4l= i
    , r,,,J r\'d)=r,,1
    tr). /io=r1 r i"","n
    = rJ r.\' 4rdx+ J I r'+4rrx .,l'r,' ID
    la,=2,,J'r,' rrar
    -,1'r:r'-+rrr. [j r' rx] ] trr,,f [rrxl z]a r:="1't1r1a.r =,J"rx*,r-+xx*.rfax
    =,r*,, ,li=,, "J'z,rx
    - ,
    -t'+-.-"41-t+r ""ll (,r). I(D=xj1t':+3isodd =r [,x];=r c o)= 5 ,j" kl + a)' - a 1x + afld

    =i-t-j=f=',i =[]r"-o' i,.o'll.=#


    - .l'(",,,r';1""=-,. ( 3),J' J(r) d r=2"1'r(J.1dx-2, 3
    .rl
    4 lxliseven =6
    1s )'. f (11=

    . .f Y oa*= r"l'io ' ro' I0r ="f'tr* r -,1tr* rt }a,


    =z"lo ntx=z[nx- i xli ,l'ror a x=,1'rua:r*,f'roa:r ="f'tr* u*-tt* rt }ar,
    rr'-a r . r.o = [] rx- ui-z r:r- rr]li= rz l={
    =t,...,,".".. (6)'. r(r=xr(3 to
    1,..,,,., . .l'x't:t ttxoax
    2l1i)isev.n
    . ,l'trna,=z .f teo,=,u
    (?r ,J y1,r+rdy=,1 iy+r rrly+r,rdy
    =,i"trtrr+ tv* rr+ av
    -z zxtax =z"l't:x' tx\ax
    "l'x'rt
    =,r', +,,1;=,,,=^ =[]rr.,ri ]i,-,ri1",
    =,J"rr'-.rr.rr*"f r :r'*rra;r .,1' r .,.,a*=,lroar*,,J'tr"r,r,
    _:? :11_ 6
    (7). r(r=lf +f i"*c"

    =r],",'rl,-r-i,',,,'rl .. J'.r1,i dx=,.1'f'*l dr @

    j,]. =,Ir(zx1/;'-r)dx tr ri' l'r r


    i
    r,
    -[i r-z:r']l= j= f -,: (r )"1'r(r.' )'da=+,J','(r' r)'dx = ^.r a

    tEl
    = t3 (,.-,),'l;= 3 {,,,6 i =+ t+(,' r'l;=*(, ( ,r=+ = tr. h r.l; - txl;
    ,'lzz
    t, r,,t' x "tc -7 d x =+ x.{;;= d,
    "1, E!
    TB =rllc',1r1 (2)(c) (a) (3 ) (d) (4) (s ) (d)

    -+,3(6a-rr5)=+ (7)(b) (b) (3 ) (b) (e) (10) G)


    (23) (6) ..,J"x',r:r="J'r'a.t=] ol)(b) (12)(.) (13)(o) 04) (b) lls)(b)

    lAA
    ooo) (11G) 03)(.) qr,J'ri
    (fi)c) 02)G) (23) (b) or..,",f"1a,=f ooy"f'qrrol"*'ar,l'tx-0t,",'a, (Jo i (!d:!= tci(,1"
    (r)(c) ltr(b) (23)G) ,, t il-", -i ="i'(x*or'-rx tf)l'ax =(.rhr) -t/(b, =rrr-(1r) = I

    Ol)(c) (32) G) {13) (b)


    ="l'ztx." dx= tz zx"" ax
    .-rte ";r'e=f "1"
    @ = D [cr'],=,,G'- r)
    (r)o) t2)G) (3){c)
    (6)G) (7)G) (3)(d)
    i i),f .'(!-{-b1)d r t. ;J (ll) . Ib rh.

    Pur3J(+2=y
    civri inqmtion
    ...dy=3da
    .. I"ag*tron = ,J' k. * aX, * :r ,-
    '
    Or)G) 02)(c) 03) (b) =1l""re+hj4dx 1..,/ , I
    t, q a,
    =,l' 1", a. - r.", - st
    06) 10) O?) (d) 03) (o) =,f J"]ax.,f Jr"xa
    = l' r, +d \ - 1.' h nl-,l' J x t <zx*ztax- ! ,!" t Ltat-es ,o
    .-.
    besu'c
    "+
    d
    "l' rlrore.dd tudion =
    rMhocdmroerre mh.r[a: . ,!" lgtat=t,.ts=rts
    (t)ki=2.x :dr=2dx . Ii rh. EquiEd inicgdrion
    ... dx=+dr , d,(=6,rhdr= r, 'or f:tr,:oa,=[xi,xr]' Pur5.:(+2=z :dz=5d\
    Ara=o :... r=2 ,Atx=3:..2=17
    '.' t<tr,tor=to -b r(5)-Jor
    "!"
    7 ... t Ls x, t a x = !,!" t ax
    " x m 6s (z cDE)
    J ir rdI='0:,,1 /()d r = 20 "l'
    = l,l" t<ttat=1"',s=n =$ti.s)'+ rc-z'@.te ,t
    (2)P,rx'1=y ...2rdx,=tJy x6(90"+0)
    Atx=z oa. * [r r (r] = J (i1+ xi (x)
    '6hy=4 :..i'rxr=x,*+r,,r= r+ rnx =a1+ 16+ 16-s,18 ;l;i-.iDo
    Atr=3 ,oEny=9 tr jJ' b(r+ri(!l dx= txJ(roli ..r'l+:.2 efiti?^
    .'.,!'zxetx'tdtltax. .. f/ rxla x= [rL,r]'
    -3 r(3)-J(l) =3.10 4=26
    1'r.rd
    (vr1' =/ G)-r'(,)=he+ I -rr l - r= r
    (l3)Purj(,={t';;
    =.J"c (v)c 0)dv = [+ ts .. :aar
    tncl'ar=,J' <r' *sx*
    ro...,J';]rar= [r,rx+ z ]' "j'
    =iGrr,)'-*G,.,)' ih ti rt /indxl =t+x'.4x'3rj.ll=+
    =i,L,t''i<tt-N =ln7-tia=h; (rll" rrs)"j'lJ@t'r(a] a'= [] trrrt'li
    si,iurr,J'Ol"a x=,J'rjro x
    = ,j." (+ t, )
    _!- (G.hi-rG)=i G) ={3,_16 =5
    =+[rp)'0(o)']
    ='l o'' =t'; 04"l'(3/ ,rdx = txr r'l;=o',J =ft,* 4,1=.c1
    - (r9..rr.sropcordr6s. orL=
    te).1" ) x-2td a- \2 - x) d x+
    ,lb tx z)d x 3+ =-2
    ,11
    : r'O)=-2
    =t,x-+x1:.t+x-,xl: ,,J'i (Dd r- IJlrll, =lo) -r (-,
    =, (,"-+r)+(+b1_,b)+,
    "r,-,",=t--'-tl e z"-zt*li*t8=a
    ., IE qFdsim (r + D (! - 2) hs mp6iriE
    ...
    "i9l
    in fi. iihd. el- L 2l
    .: I"in J.td r = 20oJn sin -rd -l
    ..*<"'*u1=zr"*tt .{:.d=r ,. n""r.p".rr-.=f=t
    "J'r
    ., !€lo,rl l fe4r=+
    191
    .. .J'ffidx= Ih r(x)lll. Gt ,l'rx' :rax* zlax] o (5) r Poitrbo[in@$crio.oIrhc.u . *irh
    ruis:Pur3+2x r1-
    "J'tx' O

    -hlao)l r"llca) =h r h+ =t+,',.'11-t+r *1; :r=rx+-i.


    -tZ =+-i=+*'**'
    (s )"J'(a xldr+l,J'(a rldxl
    =,r r+,, rJ",,
    .=;_o=l
    .lG)= +
    =r"" +4:-tr." +,'l:l = t' + r. ;,tl
    = f .4=?*'**,.
    (2 ) Ine poiis or inlerserion
    (6) ,1'(, aldx=lx-+ /1,=?"q,**i,
    =txl(, J(i]l;
    rzr, J']ar= trt]]=z o": - r, rr .:rh.*,=,.J'G*2, r')da
    -hl(3)-fG, Io ,(0, [u
    r"

    = 2 ln 3 squ.rc unit. + rl i,+,x-x rdr


    = [,, + -,]-,=o
    rst.J r+ r1r-t-,J'tr*aar
    =t3x-r + rll.ll3r.r- tll
    @@
    +
    = .l't+-x'-x ztax- ,l'<z I nax
    o =f*l=tr"s,*"*i.
    =1,,-*,'i,'ll=i*.**" ..r."*,=l"j'rr'srax (6 ) i Poinb of ink^4tion *nh x ak l

    ,J'(.4 xld'- ,1'(, +)dx


    1r1,J'g1131a1=1rr+:r:l] (r)
    l2) (1-r) = 30 squm dnn.
    = [jt-ir,]",1-a,f e*,u.
    =(16+ equ ion h$ no solurion in ts
    (2)y=1x-r ries sbow xixis m [2 ,5]
    =,J'p-ir)dx ( 3 ) * Poinb of intecrion o[ the .u . with de
    .'.

    ra is Pu! 5 I:=0 . . The .ufl. doesn r inkMr r-Ah


    =(u x,f :r,)l l=f ,c*"-u
    .. rr," *" = ,j'rx - r a' ,,,,=-i; : rn.d"a = r)dl
    ,J'?(3,'?+
    =,J'cx*rra**,J'tx-rta' oor,l'z{i*rax
    =[x'tx]l=rza,**rr.
    =t ir-,'ll-t+"",1: t,, i (,-.fl j-1,"=:ru*"-n
    =

    orr ,j (l, )arl-,J"f a:r


    =t', +,'1,
    (3 )y-r x: lie""b*"r *hon I 3, ll =ltj oxr'll -tlrr"r'll
    ..11,.*.= rJ'irldx=trll 1
    =l+ (o- c,)',1- + 0'-o')= +. +
    = I ( 27)=23squmunir'

    E oal"J' ('-")axl.,J'r"' oa:r ( , )i Poin6 0f inrenstion oI rhe .une wi$


    i r r.J' (r - i:r)or= t'- j x{ = } x*-r'. r,*r,,p"r1tt=o i x=o
    = r"'-",ilr-t.' ",rl
    1:1,J'r.l x= [] x'll= o "q*. -,'. o-r *(J ,")-(. ..Tr'",""="f'iri a.r
    = "))
    (3),J'r'di(=[+.x'] i=3au@-t =r +.1-2e=e: 2e+ I =(e l)':squdunir' =P\ x jxlr=:i\qutrm
    193
    lrlo' <2)IrI)=2x1,Elx)=2x+4 .. n. *=
    "l'(c
    x1 5)d,
    =,1 ra _.r.rd x
    =l4r +,'l :=3"q,**rt
    I s ) By slvlns tc !M equarions l

    =r"J"r+ da=, [+ rtI= 36 *rr.


    "q,*
    ( 3 ) * Poinb or inau.crion of lne cuR. wilh -,j' +x,ax=[-rx,]l=,"q*.*r! "= +,..
    xdk:pu!G;=o .: r.=-4 (t4rn"*"=,j'"""ax .. r'- r=jr.1
    ..rhcd*=oJ'{x.4 dI
    :.x'1+ tx.z-o
    =11r.,.4x1"

    ,', TIE rso .lres arc nor inrEecrins


    , .. rh. 2d cD e $o!e 6e l* cnpe.
    = [3
    (,(.4)]l;=
    + "q,**tr. = t.'1i'=r t=r,q**-r,
    (9) r Poinbof inrcedion of m.o csirh
    ;t*i.,p,i{r*-o =,f' [(jr-:)-r x,r ri]ar
    =l-',1; =[,,-+r +r'] ,'=a +,q,*,.r =:J'|(+x+,+r)dx
    ( rt ) To sd lne poi or inretrcrioD by sorvins rte
    . fl-rdr. =[+,.,-,x.jr,]',= +,q"*-r,.
    rJr o
    =I lLlllr rrtn.*"= ,j"[r:r. I c l]ax
    '
    ..1" ,
    *,J'[crr rr,-r]ax
    =[-30 #]13=5+,q,*,,i,
    ! ideM.ioi = ,1"(x'-:
    (10) Poina of ol rh. ory. wirh
    ')ar
    -.J'(3,-"'),,
    = r+,'-+,'l:
    =,l 1{,,t,dx
    = ,I'[t r'-o cz,- rr]a x .ri,'-i,'l;
    =Prd.. 11= 1;o
    " =f_]=rri,o,**,
    =[ +r,.1,-3r]-l=+.q,*-ir.
    (10) By solviig rher*oequd ns
    =, J'rr'* rr a x",i'rs rlar (16) By solvins rhs rwocquariotrs

    =r ,'."ri-r", +''rl
    =*-i=3**"-"
    (la) By $lvinsrhc rwo rquotio.s
    (J. - r):l d x
    =,I'[0-ri xl
    ="J'(r[ G zr)a x -rx' zx* rrlax =,1'(8,'1a r1..8!=,J' (n'+ l)-Pxldn
    .'.
    = j'cz:r''.r t*r ota
    t3,i-+,'l;
    =t2xi +x,-,ril=5 +,c*"-,i =
    = ,Jr(r' ,x:+ r)dr
    ( 3 ) By slvitrB $s r*o .qurions
    =ffx'-zx'-orll=$ =t+r ,?r-,ll=lg
    (14)-Io solvcrherwoeqmrions sinulonously (r7) t Poinb oi inrctucriotr of the curv. *i$ ln.
    r
    (ll)-rh",*"="J: re - x1 (rr+r),lx rraighr l in€ $lv. rh wo equariois l = 3
    '
    +,Jr(x'*1) (, j!1dx ... zt:r' +xr.o .2xtx' 4)=o

    ..x=0!J(=2 or x= z

    .. rl,"*"=.1'GG-+r)dx
    r r)
    =ti,} ,t ''l:=' I
    I I ) By solviis rhc two .qudions
    ** *,. +,,1: l(4
    ,I
    =.1'czr'*alar*,J'izr'-rra" = ,fGa3 srdx*"j':( ,x'+srdx
    ..'***= ,l'(r (x* r)' (x'-rrdr =t+,'."1;-t?,' '"ll =r+,' -,,1;-t+,'..,,1: =r" +,'r;=,,
    =i-f=f=rsi,c,**,,. =3+3-l6sqlmunn (rrrn.*u=,J"rr(')oax
    qt ro solv. th.two.quarionssimulheoudy put

    =,l (r + rr x'+2)Lr\
    'r\

    = ,j (: ir-u' r')ar =t',,*-",lil =t+x' +x]l- t+x" +rll


    =[5x +,x"1, i;r'] l=o,a*"*r, =l+++) Lo+r)=1,- .q,** =i*t= I
    E; n"*"=,J'rr a'ax= []rr-a'll ar!
    1)oJ'1r4-ldx Pur Y =1r;=
    tuy=.{i= Ol i'1L,,

    and rhis is rh. .qmrion or, ciEle whoe dr =, t'i t'+ t l:

    ... r," *" =+ (rr (2)1) = r mir.


    .'. Tnc ,!quir!d @ = A- (of A BOC) q
    'que + A. (of $cior oaB)
    \2t 1!1"[r:7 dx , '.' CO= OB
    + = jtix-4r'+7rl = rsqum mc4 ="!'tx'tx'*aaax
    p.r y =frs= ." Tn. .on of rhc cni-yeay = l3 r 500 = L.E. 27000
    * ,J'tx'-6x'+stdx
    r

    Oi
    .: rh" cq,tEd eo = +,b, h* + lo- r. *.r"* -,,td.="J' (,, +x,)dx
    =1,,,6.1,er.* =[r:r ] r'li=la,q,* **. - t+,,
    =(f .i)"'**u
    ",.,,11
    Ol ID

    (3),lo1rrejl,rx
    ^,,=1l'= (B)(c)

    -l..]
    i
    li ;
    (33) (d)
    ,'. Th. ccr of corcriq 6v. cmidoB = 5 x .(D x 43

    tl = 96000 L.E.
    : Ill lD
    ] rI.@=,1 r'-rx" :1'll
    12
    I
    = rl Fx'+lrrrdr
    =r+,'-+,'rl.
    rr,.n a: + f = 49 snd rhis i! rh. qu0rion or
    ... Ih. uE ncded ofadh.sivc rr,"-*=,J"r,' urar*,J' 1x'-+rar
    , cncb whe. enG is rh. ortin , ib ndiN
    = i+x" r'r:, - r*x'-, rr:
    ... n.*"= + @(7)1= + r,q,* *r. =,om'#=!Pd-1 =r- f = f=,o j,q,* -,'.
    rsB 199
    TD ID @t =,!" rx- o' a x*,!' t, tf a x
    tli-'ly=t =[tr:r-u']l-[jtx,r']l
    ..f=' E =.f'tr*o gr)la-rr-"J'[rx.er r']a x
    =+,+=i,q,,".""".
    = .J" (?
    ".0)a,.,1'
    c,'.,- u)o' @
    (r-rxj*ro( = ti
    "'-,,1 I t-i,'-
    - j,',",]i
    i mc!rca="J

    . . Trle absolui. minimun viluc = I


    =t, +'r-+"11
    , $. aholure muimum valu. - 5

    .. neftqDrEdme=oI'2 (ir 3x+ rdx ID


    dlnglc higd bre
    =r+,'+,'.."t: Any thc or iL\

    = 4 squac unir ib ma .quals the ,H of


    rh. righr mskd h sl. *hse
    I0l
    + r')dr
    . . The rluiEd e = rhc am ud$ &e line *hok =t+,, - $ x'll= t "s,* -r,.
    =r ["J' :rax-,Jtrc x-:r1a,]
    =ol'i r'+ix'7r+rrdx e*rr"",f,-|= r
    @
    =r +f-+,' - J-' .,=],-' =,(+-1-t,' +,'f)
    +3rl;=is,ruEmi. -z (i - i)= I +.**tt.
    .. r" *"=.f (+r- b) d r= [hr1'.6r]:
    @t
    IE =:,r,/-u"=],t -, r = j "t
    lo
    rli*="1'r(r-rf dr=,1'sr 2x:+t)dx
    = t+x' 3r'- ix'l;= l,r,q,*-"
    ,9 r:r* ztl a-x*,J' 1-t* zt .
    E

    =,J'tx'tr'rrrt or a:t = ,l d rx' x+r)trx


    +,lr( t3+3r'?+]i-rdr
    *,f'tx'-ox'* rr x-oax .. n" *,=,J'k,i! a-(-x'?+4). r)lda
    =[+a'1'+r'.3xl], *,f'[r-zx*ot cx'*rx rt]a:r n"*="f '{ia x.,Ji1r+-rra r
    =[il-zx-ix'ex]',
    -[ix',r-+x'6x]1 -r-i,'-,'- +,, ,'rl =JLx 2).+ rrd.r =t3x:l;-t;(4 3'3ll
    = +, + =,+,c,**t' *,1'tr'or*etar =3- 3 = 8,,*-"
    @ .]tu,Ra=ol )Lrx= D il r'Jx =(4kr-6t'?+2)+(54 ls *':+ 4 k)
    (d) ( 2) (b) (3) (o
    [ [i x']j'-]
    (r ) (41(d)
    (6)(c) (7)(r) (3)(c) = "ior'=la,q,*-rt.
    (11)(.) (12) (O (r3) (d)
    (9)(h)
    = ol, y d r
    sorudon : ... rr,. ea
    .
    ii=14r 43},pu =0 ..k=2
    ^nlh..
    Atx=0 ' rhen r:0 ,... l!:l = i4R r -4Nr ,r
    In ructloB lo.otv. nuhb.. Elt :
    Atx= 12 rhcnr=2
    u).. (rdr ' .. Art=2 th. ffia is B !D,ll s posiblc
    oJ"J(rd 1=.J"s .. rr,"*= f'"1I a,= I'],rJ^oa'

    rdI
    .. {, r,ro*1" r1,,ro=mu = 13,,J
    *i6
    = rs, [+ r]=a3,c*.
    rer.,r,=,J'{x'ax=f e**it
    llr
    . ,r,="J'p1;- f'c"**r
    i r')a r= the gaph of $. firodioi , (a) as shown in

    '. @ofdc 4uN =4


    th. sq@ unit x 4 = 16

    (f .f)=+'q**r'
    ",=" _r!. r!. r! _,. .'.
    I f J (, d, = rh. @o mdc, crlph and rhis

    - t}= 12 ^ ^.^ , '.. n\e Na or L\e ,ap.zium ABCD @! i.cluding bcrwen $. .vo ebn3lcs
    ( 7 ) To d.emio. dr. inrsetion poinb pur = j e*o, r- ro,o,* *,,".
    !...Aj = 13 squ@ unis.
    :2sin xmsrl I=
    sitr 0 .. a,= 16 I3 =3 squ@uni6.
    ,. s
    ' 1+- r1.,f16ar. s,1r r1

    .'. sin x(2 6s ].- 1) -0 ,'.' !h€.uft orI I (, i rEn.diotrorlne


    .. sin I=0lidsx=00x=rI cun. or, (, in rh. shighr tin. y = J(
    . ," d,=j,! ,i,r' i Ar = A, - 3 squ&e mirs .i ,J'r(x)dxel15,ral
    "f
    .lirl;=?t3x'l: ..@\'r=iodmx=T
    .,1"r't;oa"=,r, *,r, *e,= rr * r *r
    ..+ 3r'=?.3k' ..r ="J+,"i" z, *rro, = 19 squm unirs. .'. Tho m! of ftrct0sle (a)

    .'. kr- I =t +-.,'--''l;=+ ,,o, ..11= c - rrd


    "['" r,ax ' s =7a"y=2xt2 x'1)
    l
    .e-="lnr..x z xr o.r.
    ", I4C 4I "J'*x
    =r--,,-+*,,4i-? '*=zq -t x'
    ILx'x\'
    Pur*=o: i. r'=a
    or)tfli(r=odr=celo,6l
    .(?".) .. |.t @l;=N ir(c)-l(o)-20 ,...t+= d4. o *,=
    -.1'ox'-et r ,../(o)=z - ttc)=22 ", ,. z

    =[6*'r-rx']l ,. o ,= rr .'. The rcr of dE Et gl.h nuirum


    .,1'ttlar"-n*u"ra +12x'6*'1)41 . "l"it"r r'=,0 :t(6)-J(o)=13
    troll=
    . Ih. ma ofrh. rcdo
    (s)...x=6r ,.,id=36r': 0)
    . shlded

    (2) - I l0)=2 ,l\c)-22 ,l\61=ls - ,l'oz x, arcx= ,l'<+-x\dx


    .. The m iDm vern. of &c furc.ion f ii
    lne iiicval [o , 6] = 22 =rax- +rt1,=+,q,..-r.
    ll
    @lE rh"*,,*=n,J"i d 1=,i J" ({r)'d x
    =,,1,.,=" tj ''ll
    rhc'or,* =ft
    "J.y'd
    :(=ft
    "Jt"i'
    2xdx

    (r) =,.J.(+ _
    + -..r,,
    =, ti -- i 'i,".,1?
    = j n'*0,. *Lr.

    rn" = r,J'y'a x= r a x
    "or,." "j'.'"
    =,t,J'rxnrax =,tfli=ii"' o-""-r,
    n"*r,..=r"l lar-r"J' px* rr'ax = ti "'.',ll= '."*'.*. rery= x =l
    tr r>o
    =rHea-r,1;
    =f n*u.-ir.

    n.*t,."=n"J"y'a x=n"Ji "Jrax

    r n'.,oro* = n,J'c:q'a rr a"l'r'a x = ,r [* ,]l = ft -b" -r,


    =r"l'(r'n 1)'d ..

    =n.Jr(i.6+2rr+ 1)d r =a,J"r'ar.:r"j'r'ar


    m *r.." = r,j'lax=r"J'r: -.ro'ax
    =nI+r-+,.xl: =, r+,1:,."r+,'ll
    ="$a r'lj=sr*ui"*r, r *m *rr.
    =,:f
    =ir -$:r=zr-l"-tr.
    1r1r*"oru."=n,J lar

    r,.*,,""=r,l'ldr=r,j' (,r)'dx
    =n ,j (:!'+2x'+ r)dr
    = tr.,rr,d,=n t+ rlj
    =, ri,'" 3,'-,rl; = 24 ,I cubic unit.
    = jt:, *ui" *i .

    .rh"
    *,,.. = tr J' y' d,( =,i " J' sr,( d ,.
    "
    rl -r,..=r,f y'ar=r,f 1l.y'",
    -rI -, xlt =n.,h. -i,
    -",1,'.,=rl ,'li
    =fr*u"*tr
    Ol ,.n"*r,-.=r,J'x',ry=r,J'ry 1ay (s)G+f=r o
    =n[] rr u'l]= r r *ur.,,,i.

    =,, [j v.]l= ] n -ur" *r,.


    ..-[;-, fr
    .. (, 1!)'-6y.drs y=r
    r=
    .. n*-r*=r"I'x'ay=r"J'( -rri)"a y
    rm -r,* = r,f 'r,ay=a"J'.rrar
    p,,li=2".,r,;" -r,
    = n
    (2) Abo x ark, dy = L$.n1= 2
    ,', :r=y1 r"uoy oi"",y=o) . 'lr-t " ,.n",.r,..=n"l'o, y1ar
    .. rr'" ,or,*. =:r"J'x,av=n,,J'yi ay
    ... rr'""or,,"=n,l';r'a y =r y'a y =,"J,(,(+,'))",
    ".r" *,
    "J',r
    ., I1 ,+l'= 9
    [],li=rar."ur","r,.
    =
    " =,r"i,0 +x,)dl
    .'. ftc skne =r ,l- x r(r -rdz
    za
    =oF
    =t ,l* t zl*zlta. "olrli=t""'**n
    E
    =nt+r.+rll (r)
    = {r*u" *ir.
    v=G .'.:.=y1

    ... rhc vorume = ri l'x'ay=n l'y"ay Et

    =, t+ rli- +
    y =r':cuty uis ary = 7rrc
    "*',",",
    .. n" *r,* =r"f'x'ay -r"j'y a y
    =ntlril=3,"-b,.*," by uvolvin! rha plan. Egion boud.d by _r = 0
    r y=,* x' .,r r-ot nr

    ,x=3,1(x)=rlbourr n,u.3er!dsh! .. n *r,*=r" j'lox=n" j'.,t'a r


    "
    cieule.one,leosrhor'adiurof iBba*=3Lns&
    :x=; unirs md rls h.ighr I len8tn unir.
    =r [] x,ll= t r *m -rr
    n *r"* j'r'ar=n,l'4a I ( 2 ) abour y uis I arx= 2,den y =4
    "
    =,r , .. rr" *r* =r,J'y"ax-r"f'r,a r
    =r,j'ro/ay=nI rr;']l .. n. n,J' -:r 1 r
    ='ti,'li''"*,.-, "a,* = rz, a

    = r2ncubicuni!. , $e volme usitrs 6\. dle of volutu of rh. cotre - ,r rt a r


    "f'ra
    ...1'=y tcuhyshary=l = { n or' ar =ea -tr" ,"ir. =r [,r- i,]l=e ".,u,.,"r,.
    247
    El o /{r)- r-xr.trbrrxis l,l ID
    . . rh. vorum. =r J' y':d r
    ,
    . y >y, hEn [o, r]
    =r,l rr rldx
    in

    =r ,f ir zr'*x1o.r
    =r"J'(yj-yi)dr
    =, t,-3 r, +,'l l
    y=1ra-r,rh*x=a I = lt r *ui. *t,.
    ='r, +"11=9
    a." *1,*=s,J'y'ar=r,J's 5ax .. nt,al=+ ft
    =rt4r i1,l:-s,*b,.,"i, rr,. *r.."=",J'la x=n,,J'r ID
    "a'
    ())AbourluL: -r ! x'li=,rn*tr. *r.
    rhe vorutu=
    ^
    n,,1 rrd y= r oJ',4
    .
    -ll d y

    =n"J:t6-s I
    E
    + y1)d y
    I(r() " x-xlcubx is dtu'2
    2

    :. m *r,ne =r"l'ylax
    ='[,6,3y'.+l];
    -f;r-u"*t,.
    Il =n"!'ox'ax'.x\ax
    =.ri,,,,,.+,'l; '.' y,: y: in rhe inr.flal [l '4]
    n.,"r,."=""J'y'ar=r"f'1+ xra, = j! r*r" -rr ..T h"
    -r"*,= r,J'(yi 4dx
    =n[rr i:t']i=an*m-rr. =r,J"(sx-r1'r')ax
    =fl ,!o t25x' toa'*r' t6)d,
    ru"or,,.=n,J'r'av
    =""J'o r'r'a r
    =r[i:r' f x'.]x' roxli

    r* *r,,"=n"J'lax=r"J' 0-11'a:r
    =E"J'(,6-s l-y')dy
    =r,J'trt e r'* Io
    11a:r
    =r trry-i y'r i lli l(1)=xr- I ctrb x{xis ar zdo I |
    '-
    ="t"" *'',i,'li = ff,r *tt -r,. ., rr," *r,* = r ,J r,ax
    '

    3i! r -sr" *rr ID(r)


    =
    =n !l r1 $ Li\

    n.,or,*=n"J';r'a y =n,l'r:r'zr'*xlax
    =n"J" (a-y)a y
    _-rL,r ? "r- r ,,l L

    =r[rr ]lli= ar*u" *rr -fir"ot*rr


    ,,, y: y: itr dt iitnal [0 ' , ID lDl @
    .. ric rcrum =noJ:(y'-y;)d n

    =
    ",f (+.rf-x)dr
    =n"f G-t-, *)dx
    i,'[=
    \i
    =. r+,-
    "'"*'.*, . xi=a -y
    q
    ..:c.=z - |t i y, > y1 o! lle iddal [o , a] ', yj.y,{rheiiknar lr,al
    Inhcti4niy=um !y=4
    InrmcdiigJ.=omda=2 (yi y)dr
    ,:x,:xrintuincrydl0,a] .. fterc,um=ri"f . n
    "
    *,,* =,r ,l^ (yj y:)d,.
    "'v,.v,ii[0,, .. n"-,,* =,i"j'Gi r)d y =,r"1'(sr r1'a')d, =",f(+)'G
    =r"t'(y; yl)dx
    =r,J'rr-rr-p- j y)'a y -r"f'rzsx: ror3+x'-x1ax
    -n,fr,lx'nx'*x"tax
    =",r+-c-r'dx ')"'
    =n"l'(a y a+2y + y)dy
    (, r)' (r1:) d x =ri[ ,6r,-+(x-),]i
    = ,r
    "J: =,"r(y_ + r)d,
    =rrs'' +,'++r'r:
    =rt+l-rrrv'll =f n=rr r "uui" on;ra
    6
    =,ti"'+rl;=# = ] r""u.*ir.
    tu
    IE
    lDl

    -x"=r*x' ..,=1*x
    yi=3a,yz=a:iD,.rerjlsdr= Drc,x=
    rrrrr'"*"= | 1|-x1a x
    yr : y1 i, rhc in@al [o , 2]
    2

    ItrLBdingdy=rm,y=rf "'
    yr r y, d rhcintM Il ,a] =t.,", -*,li
    -rheKrumc
    =n,14(y1 yi)dr
    "'
    :. rE 61u-. = r ol' (yi - yl) d .r . ,, : x, in rhe incfld [o ,rf
    ..
    =r r"n * f "r,* -;r.
    =r I (5 x)'-trl dx r : r rr," *r,.. = n ,1'Q. r;'a x
    =nJ'(g, i,1') a, n,l'o, -,1a, n.*r,..=",1tr1x1 x11ay
    =" i't]s."*",ta
    =
    =r,'lr5 rox+r'!\dx '
    t4r,+1,[= s r",bt,,"rr.
    =,r -,r"JEay flav="tr' i r'lf =n[,5i 5,.1++l+16r']i =rlrrr ',ex.]x'll
    =5?f,cubicunit.

    21
    @l a2 ) Bv narc lhe r€.bns1. !ilh dimcNionsr h r =,i" x.1= -.r,.""*,, x=1
    (r)rhc,rc,=,,J'(, +r')dr rboul y un w. scr r.ituulncylitrdtr
    '
    .,"-,,,;,,,..,*,1" *l'
    =tlrzd ir'1;
    L =,"t,,, +,'li
    n*
    ""r,*. =,i "f
    (m*.$) Gi.!'dx

    {"+*-i.=
    .+--- @t
    =r"Ji.*zxa x=r [] "r,:rll= ] a-* *tr.

    it-
    (,)rh.*r,*"n"J'({r)' jr @l
    (+ x')' d
    ( 3 ) By mtat rhc liie kem.nr (r)O) (2)(tr) (3)(d)
    (6)(c) (7)(b) (3)(.1
    =,r"J'(,, *x')dx llr)G) (12)(r) (r3) (o)
    (16)(d) (r7t(d) ir3)G)
    =, t,' +''li circulr cone
    '
    radius lengrh ((1,1=)'-(a)')d r (21)(b) (22)(r) (23) G)
    of irs bae = r , irs h.'sh = h

    .. rh. rctume= n,,l )'dy =zr,,ji'tr r'x1ax


    In
    @l -zr"J'o zrlar=u r[r-ix']f
    ;'b' ' =n!J (r ,h]+-,,ry =zaIl- r-l=4r*oi"*".
    @
    .. ,,-.8,,,=\) ',=\lr,
    . slop. of tho bgci! or rh. cme rhc
    =ri(l'h-lh+.+lh) Th. !*o cudcs 0D iddetins i(y=0
    'y =I
    .

    . fl,.*,,*=r.J ,'d\=,-J-(b: !,Jd t =+n;h ,', Tn. equsiiotr or n\e tansenr thh poinr.

    =," t'tn' {!ta,


    @l
    =rfr+'rr*x:+y:=r ,,= +
    y
    ".,
    =,"Ih" !!!l' dI=-2
    r,. -t,,.=r ,j vlat r"J'yia.t
    =,tr(a b'- + !b')= i "b:r =" ,rg\,idx-""r,,dx
    ty rcuc y =fi-f- r,
    @l
    '. 1r > in rhc i&flar [o , l ] rl r* rt' .
    ( I ) By mbre rh. smi .irle n c *,,*=tr"J,(1; ri)dy =r['' i']:. rtxrlj
    =r .J y dx=tr rJ ll x.ldl =f ,r .ri={n-u.*i.
    =,r iri-rtar
    =,r.,-+,'r:= + "-""*', "f EI
    =,it?y+-+ll;
    @,1 =+,-'.*-
    'rh.rwo rysJc) =1r5=,s (r) =3
    @
    Itrrs.ctinsa.x=-4,x=4
    . rtu-r,,.=r-J'y'd:r=rr,l'(,' rldn '.' / (ir) > E (rO d rh. iibMl | 4,41

    =,"r,." +rx .'. rnc vorum = r .l I rrr]'- tg rxf a x

    =,r(,' j,)=irir = 2niJ (X- r' r)dx


    212 213
    I+y=3 iy,=3 r, @l
    ,3x 3y-o .- y;1, Eaudiu ofiE ..y=r,arx=l ..y=*
    .l rl, (y1f dr+,r,j3(yjf d, r:1- s-a- 1 r=r*l.r=r.x=r
    "orume=nojr
    ..."=:r.r9 . r,.rcrunc=,rilr('i rrdy
    =,r,I(?r',dr.",rG,,d,
    rl;.rt+G !'l; ;, Equrim ofE : -,rll'(rl-rl)dy
    =nt+
    r:! - s-l
    -.r
    = l5 n + 9 ,i = 24 ,I cubic unir. =""lloa oav.nrl' ((r.i))' +rav

    " =1x.4
    @j
    iE .. n rr,f ax*r,J'rv,r'
    *"*.*=".f r,,,,,f (+i", =r"j.rrdy+r,ll (;+- 3)dy
    &uarion or rh. shishr lim "-r,*=r,,J'
    Ll-tl- 1 =,,,1(+,_9.., ="r+''r;-,'r ,," r: =r trz v]i.n D," yr I ryli
    y l=x .",t(;..?),", -er*]*-fr-ui.*ir.
    = 2 ri (2 + ln 3) cutic unn.
    @l
    ='r+e,.+Irl .,h"*,,*=" lrd,=",1,d,
    @l
    ,. ri."E6,-4=fi=-r
    ."r+e".?Iri -trt+rll-+c',, ril=L1
    fi lI cubic nnh.
    = 25 + 25 = 50
    'r +(k1 0=,,,r
    in'A=r'Y=r'+r @l k' 1.24
    .'. : k:=25 -'
    k=i5 ..k>l ik-5 . Eludion or;A
    r l-4-r-r
    . :
    of^ DBc
    = !@ of
    ^
    ABD +,rcr
    ..- 1,-,
    EI L'Y=
    =,1'r".:r (j,-,)a,r ( 2 ) rlre cw. , ra) cub rhc imishr line i!-
    i==ij= x+?

    r,l'r +x.ar-(jx. r)ax ... n.*rn..=:t"f'rr*:r'a:r*r,f i rr zr'

    =,1 irdr-,1 (1r x*5) d.x ,. n = \'1+6x .'.x1+6x 7,1=o =n I+ (r.3)'l; -,r tf (-r. n'll
    -ri,'ri.H,'-"ri .'. x= - 9 (rcfuEd) orir=:l =i r.f:r=fr*t"*rr.
    =*,*=**,*-, ( 3 ) Slop. of th. ransem of the curye nypoint:
    , Ec*d-dED-i+*+= r ,=;rr,
    ty=.,)x*t ..x-]t.z .*"".,...=",t(J.", :. Thc rolutu ftun Mion A BCD abour 1{is
    da;
    .'. T1l. volum. Estrlr fon Dbt. = + n - dc volum. nom obrion a BDA
    . . slop. of rhe iomd = + = I
    =?r rol (; x+, dr
    =r,J'x'ay=:,"f'(jy*z)'ay .'. Faution or r. rcmel l rLl =
    I
    =n{ rx l 'll =?" "ti\i,.r'):,
    =,rli(jr.z)'ll=+r*ur.-r. .'. I. i6 psring though rh. ongh point. =f r-zr r=f :r *ui" -t.
    N otes

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