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    Cmtl01e Module 1

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    Cmtl01e Module 1

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    2 views6 pages

    Cmtl01e Module 1

    Uploaded by

    ro ji

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    CMTL01E: CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TESTING

    SESSION TOPIC 1: GENERAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

    LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

    At the end of the session you will:


    1. Be familiar with the different materials used in construction.
    2. Be able to determine their properties and there uses.
    3. Know how to test the different materials.

    KEY TERMS

    Materials Timber Concrete Steel


    Gravel Sand Clay Silt

    CORE CONTENT

    What is a material?

    A material is a substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object. Materials


    can be pure or impure, living, or non-living matter. Materials can be classified based on
    their physical and chemical properties.

    Identifying Various Construction materials

    Identifying different types of construction materials


    1. Metals
    a. Atomic structure of iron and aluminum.
    b. Alloys of iron and aluminum
    c. Crystalline structure of metals
    2. Timber
    a. Structure of wood
    b. Properties and use of timber
    3. Soils
    a. Structure of soils
    b. Formation of soils
    c. Bulk properties
    4. Masonry
    a. Distinguish between blocks and bricks
    5. Concrete
    a. Mixture of cement, aggregate and water
    b. Admixtures
    6. Bituminous products
    a. Bitumen- sources (natural, petroleum)
    b. types
    c. Asphalt- its constituents
    d. Hot mix
    e. cold mix
    7. Polymers
    a. Explanation of polymerization
    b. Types of polymers (thermosetting and thermoplastic)
    c. Uses: dust arrester, soil stabilization, prevent setting of cold asphalt

    Characteristics and properties of construction materials

    1. Metals
    a. Mechanical properties (tensile strength)
    b. ductility
    c. softness
    d. young’s modulus
    e. weldable and nonweldable
    2. Timber
    a. Weight
    b. thermo conductivity
    3. Soils
    a. Shrinkage
    b. swelling
    c. density
    d. specific gravity
    e. resilience modulus
    f. stabilization
    4. Masonry
    a. Compressive strength
    b. Water absorption
    5. Concrete
    a. Compressive strength
    b. soundness
    6. Bituminous products
    a. Viscosity
    b. Penetration
    c. Softening point
    7. Polymers
    a. Viscosity
    b. Temperature

    Testing the strength of construction materials

    1. Metals
    a. Tensile tests
    2. Timber
    a. Moisture content
    b. Weight
    c. Tensile strength
    3. Soils
    a. Atterberg limits
    b. Density, (laboratory and field)
    c. California Bearing Ratio
    d. Unconfined Compression stress
    4. Masonry
    a. Compressive strength
    b. Water absorption
    5. Concrete
    a. Destructive tests (compressive strength)
    b. Non – destructive tests (schmidt hummer)
    c. Slump test
    6. Bituminous products
    a. Viscosity (Saybolt Furol, Brookfield)
    b. Penetration
    c. Softening point
    d. Binder extraction
    7. Polymers
    a. Viscosity
    b. Temperature

    Classifying Various Construction Materials

    1. Classifying different types of steel


    a. Mild steel
    b. High tensile steel
    2. Classifying different types of soil
    a. Gravel
    b. Sand
    c. Silt
    d. Clay
    3. Classifying different types of bitumen
    a. Emulsions
    b. penetration grade
    4. Classifying different types of timber
    a. Softwood
    b. hardwood
    5. Classify different types of concrete
    a. Structural concrete
    b. lean concrete

    Stating the Use of Construction Materials

    1. State the usage of steel


    a. Reinforcement in e.g. beams, columns, slabs, foundations.
    b. Metal fabrication
    2. State the appropriate soil to use
    a. Gravel
    i. Roads
    ii. Foundations
    b. Clay
    i. bricks
    c. Sand
    i. Mortar
    ii. Making blocks
    iii. plastering
    3. State the appropriate type of bitumen to use
    a. Emulsions
    i. Slurry
    ii. Priming
    iii. Sprays
    b. Penetration grade
    i. Asphalt
    ii. roof seals

    4. State the appropriate timber to use


    a. Softwood
    i. Roof iv. Electric poles
    ii. Doors v. Ceiling
    iii. Scaffolding vi. Formwork
    b. Hardwood
    i. rail line sleepers
    ii. furniture
    iii. flooring

    5. State the use of different types of concrete


    a. Lean concrete
    b. Flooring
    c. Structural concrete
    i. Beams
    ii. Suspended slabs
    iii. Columns

    IN-TEXT ACTIVITY

    Attachments:
    • PDF Lecture/slides – Fundamental Concepts

    Multi-media:
    • Video/ Audio (prerecorded) materials

    SESSION SUMMARY

    Important points
    • There are a lot more materials that are being used in construction but the most
    common are
    ▪ Concrete
    ▪ Steel
    ▪ Wood
    ▪ Soil
    • Characteristic of each material is not limited to what have been discuss each
    material will be further discuss as we go along the course.
    • Strength differ according to the material and its use.
    • The uses of each material are not limited to what have been discuss.
    o We can use steel as road pavement, but it would be costly and ineffective.
    • Testing of each material is different according to their use and specification.
    SELF ASSESSMENT

    ACTIVITY 1

    Name: ________________ SCORE: ______________


    Major: ________________ Date: ________________

    1. Determine at least 3 different sources for each material


    a. Cement
    b. Sand
    c. Gavel
    d. Iron
    e. Aluminum
    2. Enumerate at least 5 of the different types of wood grade
    a. High Strength
    b. Moderately high strength
    c. Medium Strength
    d. Moderately Low Strength
    3. Enumerate at least 2 uses of each material in construction
    a. Steel
    b. Concrete
    c. Gravel
    d. Sand
    e. Clay

    REFERENCES

    http://www.ncc.org.zm/wp-content/uploads/prospectus/bitumen%20testing.pdf

    Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers, National Structural Code of the Philippines, 2015.

    American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM International

    Department of public works and highway, Blue Book

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