Challenges and Factors Affecting the Study of Modern English

Literature Among Secondary Education Majors

A research prepared by:

Davis M. Barruga

Macky E. Bajos

Mark John Lecciones

Masbate National Comprehensive High School

 December 2024

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Modern English Literature has evolved over centuries, influenced by numerous

cultures, historical events, and societal shifts. As the most widely spoken language

globally, English has adapted to the changing times, leading to the development of

contemporary literary forms that reflect modern realities. This dynamic literature, which

spans various genres such as poetry, drama, and fiction, serves as a mirror to the

complexities of human existence in the 21st century. The narratives of modern English

literature often address pressing global issues such as social justice, inequality, mental

health, and climate change, sparking critical thought and fostering empathy among

readers.

As literature embraces new forms of storytelling through digital platforms, social media,

and multimedia, educators must navigate how these changes affect student engagement

and literary interpretation. Additionally, while the inclusion of diverse voices in the

literary canon has enriched the study of English literature, it has also brought about

complexities in representation, authenticity, and inclusivity. Literature that addresses

issues such as race, gender, and identity requires thoughtful engagement from both

students and instructors, making it essential to foster critical thinking skills that allow

students to engage with these texts meaningfully.

The educational context for studying modern English literature presents its own set of

challenges. Students often struggle with language proficiency and misconceptions about

the value of literature, while teachers face barriers such as resource shortages, heavy

workloads, and limited support. Effective teaching methods, which rely on resources such

as textbooks, classroom discussions, and engaging literary analysis, are essential to

bridging these gaps. Literature-in-English students must not only read texts but also

engage with them on a deeper level, analyzing themes, characters, and narrative

structures, which require skills such as critical thinking, analytical writing, and the ability

to connect literary works to real-life experiences.

The study of modern English literature offers a gateway to understanding the evolving

human condition, encompassing themes of identity, power, and the challenges of

contemporary society. However, despite its significance, there are numerous challenges

that students and educators face in engaging with this discipline. These challenges

include the tension between tradition and innovation, the diversity of voices in the literary

canon, and the impact of technology on how literature is produced, consumed, and

appreciated. Furthermore, literature educators are confronted with obstacles such as

resource limitations, language proficiency issues, and misconceptions about the value of

literature as a subject.

This research aims to explore the various factors that affect the challenges in studying

modern English literature, focusing on the perspectives of students pursuing Bachelor of

Secondary Education with a major in English. By examining these challenges, the study
seeks to provide insights into the broader implications for teaching and learning in

literature classrooms. Through a descriptive-survey research design, the study will

analyze the factors influencing students' engagement with modern English literature,

ultimately contributing to the discourse on effective teaching methods and resources in

literature education. In doing so, the research will help bridge the gap between the

historical and contemporary contexts of English literature, ensuring that it remains

relevant and impactful in the educational sphere.

Background of the Study

The evolution of modern English literature is deeply intertwined with the historical,

cultural, and technological transformations that have taken place over the centuries. As

the English language grew from its Germanic roots to its present status as a global lingua

franca, it adapted to the changing world around it. This adaptation is reflected in the

literature written in English, which has consistently addressed the complexities of human

existence, the shifting tides of social and political landscapes, and the unique challenges

faced by individuals in various parts of the world.

The study of modern English literature is a rich and multifaceted field that encompasses a

wide range of genres, themes, and periods. At its core, literature serves as a powerful tool

for exploring the human experience, offering readers a window into different lives,

societies, and worldviews. Modern English literature, particularly from the 20th and 21st

centuries, has expanded its scope to include diverse voices, narratives, and forms, moving
beyond traditional boundaries and reflecting the evolving nature of human society. In

doing so, it plays a pivotal role in shaping public discourse, offering critiques of societal

norms, and challenging readers to think critically about the world around them.

Historical Context and Evolution

The English language, with its Indo-European roots, has undergone a series of

transformations since its earliest development. Emerging from the dialects spoken by the

Anglo-Saxons and later enriched by influences from Latin, French, and other languages,

English has become one of the most widely spoken languages in the world. By 2020, it

was estimated that there were approximately 1.27 billion English speakers globally,

making it the most spoken language worldwide (Crystal, 2023). This widespread use of

English has been instrumental in the development of modern English literature, as it has

allowed authors to reach audiences across the globe and engage with a diverse array of

cultural contexts.

The evolution of modern English literature can be traced through several key literary

periods, each of which reflects the social, political, and cultural changes of its time. The

Renaissance, for example, was a period of great intellectual and artistic flourishing, with

writers such as William Shakespeare and John Milton shaping the development of

English drama and poetry. The Enlightenment followed, emphasizing reason, logic, and

individual rights, with authors like Jonathan Swift and Alexander Pope critiquing societal

norms and advocating for social change.

The Romantic period, which emerged in the late 18th century, marked a shift away from

the rationalism of the Enlightenment, embracing emotion, nature, and individualism.

Figures like William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Mary Shelley explored

themes of the sublime, the power of imagination, and the relationship between humanity

and the natural world. This was followed by the Victorian era, a time of rapid

industrialization, urbanization, and empire-building, which saw writers like Charles

Dickens and the Brontë sisters grappling with issues of class, morality, and social justice.

In the 20th century, modernism emerged as a response to the disillusionment caused by

World War I and the rapid changes in society. Writers like James Joyce, Virginia Woolf,

and T.S. Eliot experimented with narrative form, language, and symbolism to convey the

fragmented and disorienting experiences of modern life. Postmodernism, which followed

in the mid-20th century, further blurred the boundaries between reality and fiction,

questioning the very nature of truth and meaning in literature.

Throughout these periods, literature in the English language has consistently reflected the

changing concerns of society. From the exploration of individual and group identities to

the examination of power, loss, and morality, English literature has provided a forum for

understanding the complexities of the human condition. Modern English literature, in

particular, has expanded its focus to include issues of race, gender, sexuality, mental

health, and environmental concerns, providing a broader and more inclusive perspective

on the world.

Modern English Literature and Its Challenges

The study of modern English literature presents both opportunities and challenges. On the

one hand, it offers a unique opportunity to engage with some of the most pressing issues

of our time, including social justice, climate change, mental health, and the impact of

technology on human relationships. Writers today are grappling with the legacies of

historical events such as colonialism and slavery, while also exploring the effects of

globalization and the increasing interconnectivity of the world.

One of the key challenges faced by modern English literature is the tension between

tradition and innovation. While modern writers often draw on the literary traditions of the

past, they must also find ways to adapt their work to a changing world. This may involve

experimenting with new forms, genres, and narrative techniques, or addressing

contemporary issues in ways that resonate with a modern audience. The emergence of

new literary movements, such as postcolonialism, feminism, and queer theory, has further

complicated this dynamic, as writers and scholars work to expand the boundaries of what

is considered "literature" and to include voices that were previously marginalized.

Another significant challenge in modern English literature is the issue of diversity and

representation. Traditionally, English literature has been dominated by the voices of

white, male, Western authors, with little attention given to the experiences of women,

people of color, or other marginalized groups. However, in recent decades, there has been

a concerted effort to broaden the scope of the literary canon to include works by authors

from diverse backgrounds. This shift has led to a more inclusive and representative

understanding of literature, but it has also raised questions about authenticity,

representation, and the complexities of writing about experiences that are not one's own.
The rise of technology and digital media has also had a profound impact on the

production, dissemination, and reception of modern English literature. Digital platforms

such as e-books, audiobooks, and social media have made it easier for authors to reach

global audiences, but they have also raised concerns about the quality and originality of

literary works. The proliferation of self-published works and the increasing dominance of

online reviews and reader-generated content have changed the way literature is consumed

and critiqued, posing challenges for both writers and readers.

In the classroom, the study of modern English literature presents additional challenges for

educators. Literature teachers are often faced with a lack of resources, including

textbooks and teaching materials, as well as large class sizes and heavy workloads. In

many schools, there is also a shortage of qualified literature teachers, which makes it

difficult to provide students with the level of instruction they need to engage deeply with

the texts. Furthermore, the increasing diversity of the student population requires

educators to find ways to make literature relevant and accessible to a wide range of

learners.

Effective teaching in modern English literature requires more than just the ability to

explain the themes and characters of a text. It also involves helping students develop

critical thinking skills, encouraging them to engage with the text on a deeper level, and

fostering a love of reading that extends beyond the classroom. For students to fully

appreciate the value of literature, they must be able to connect the experiences depicted in

the text to their own lives and to the world around them. This requires both intellectual
and emotional engagement, as students explore the ways in which literature reflects and

shapes the human experience.

The challenges of studying modern English literature are compounded by the fact that

literature is not simply a reflection of society, but also a tool for social change. Writers

today are using literature to address pressing issues such as climate change, mental

health, and social inequality, encouraging readers to think critically about the world and

to engage with these issues in meaningful ways. The role of literature in shaping public

discourse and inspiring social change cannot be overstated, as it provides a platform for

marginalized voices and offers alternative perspectives on the problems facing society.

The Role of Modern English Literature in Education

In the educational context, the study of modern English literature plays a crucial role in

developing students' language skills, critical thinking abilities, and emotional

intelligence. As students engage with literary texts, they are exposed to a variety of

narrative styles, themes, and perspectives that broaden their understanding of the world.

Literature encourages students to question assumptions, explore different viewpoints, and

reflect on the complexities of the human experience. It also provides an opportunity for

students to develop important skills such as analytical thinking, creativity, and empathy.

The study of modern English literature is particularly important in a globalized world,

where communication and understanding between cultures are more important than ever.

Literature offers a unique way to explore different cultural experiences and to gain

insight into the lives of people from diverse backgrounds. By reading texts from a variety
of perspectives, students can develop a deeper understanding of the challenges and

opportunities facing different communities, fostering a sense of empathy and social

responsibility.

Furthermore, literature has the power to challenge societal norms and to inspire change.

Modern English literature often addresses issues of social justice, inequality, and

oppression, encouraging readers to think critically about the structures of power and

privilege that shape society. By engaging with these texts, students can develop the skills

and knowledge they need to participate in the ongoing conversation about social change

and to become active, informed citizens.

In conclusion, the study of modern English literature offers a rich and rewarding

opportunity for both students and educators to engage with the complexities of the human

experience. From its historical roots to its contemporary concerns, literature provides a

window into the world, offering insight into different cultures, perspectives, and social

issues. While the study of modern English literature presents a number of challenges, it

also offers a powerful tool for social change, critical thinking, and personal growth. By

exploring the diverse voices and narratives of modern English literature, students can

gain a deeper understanding of themselves, their society, and the world they inhabit.

Ultimately, the study of modern English literature plays a vital role in shaping the future

of education and society, offering a path to greater empathy, understanding, and progress.

Statement of the Problem

The study of modern English literature faces several challenges that affect its effective

teaching, learning, and broader understanding, particularly in the context of a rapidly

changing global landscape. As literature continues to evolve in response to social,

political, and technological developments, it becomes increasingly important to explore

how these shifts impact the way modern English literature is engaged with, interpreted,

and taught. While literature plays a crucial role in developing critical thinking, empathy,

and cultural awareness, several barriers hinder its full potential as a tool for personal and

intellectual growth.

One of the primary challenges is the tension between traditional literary canons and the

growing demand for diverse voices in literature. English literature has historically been

dominated by works from white, male, Western authors, and though efforts have been

made to diversify the canon, many schools and educational institutions continue to

emphasize traditional works while underrepresenting marginalized voices. This lack of

inclusivity prevents students from engaging with a fuller range of experiences and

worldviews, ultimately limiting the educational value of modern English literature.

Additionally, modern English literature often presents complex and abstract themes

related to identity, power, and societal issues, which may be difficult for students to

connect with on a personal level. The shift in literary focus to contemporary issues such

as race, gender, sexuality, mental health, and climate change, combined with evolving

narrative styles and techniques, may create barriers for students, especially when

literature is taught in large classrooms with limited time and resources. This can lead to
superficial engagement with texts and hinder students from fully understanding the

themes and messages conveyed by the authors.

Another significant problem is the rapid evolution of technology and digital media, which

has changed the way literature is consumed, discussed, and critiqued. The rise of online

platforms and self-publishing has democratized literature, but it has also introduced

challenges in terms of quality control, critical analysis, and the commodification of

literary works. Furthermore, educators face the challenge of integrating digital tools into

their teaching practices without undermining the value of traditional literary analysis. The

digital divide in some educational contexts also means that not all students have equal

access to the resources necessary for engaging with modern English literature in its full

digital form, such as e-books or multimedia content.

Finally, in many educational settings, the teaching of modern English literature is

constrained by limited resources, large class sizes, and a lack of specialized teachers.

Teachers often struggle to balance the need to cover an extensive curriculum with the

need for individualized instruction that can foster deeper engagement with texts. In

addition, the increasing diversity of the student population, including students with

varying levels of language proficiency and cultural backgrounds, poses challenges for

educators in delivering lessons that are both inclusive and academically rigorous.

Given these issues, the problem at hand is twofold: first, how to make modern English

literature more inclusive, relevant, and engaging to a diverse student body, and second,

how to effectively teach modern English literature in a way that encourages critical

thinking, emotional engagement, and an appreciation for the complex social, cultural, and
historical contexts in which it is written. Addressing these challenges is crucial for

ensuring that modern English literature remains a valuable educational tool for students,

preparing them to navigate a complex, interconnected world.

Scope and Delimitation

Scope:

This study focuses on the challenges faced in teaching and learning modern English

literature in educational settings, particularly in secondary and higher education. It

explores how societal, technological, and pedagogical factors influence the production,

consumption, and teaching of modern literary works. The study specifically examines the

tension between traditional and modern literary canons, the impact of digital media, and

the barriers to effective teaching, such as lack of resources or outdated methodologies.

The research also looks at how modern literature addresses contemporary societal issues,

such as race, gender, and mental health. The study will involve Bachelor of Secondary

Education students majoring in English, as they directly engage with modern English

literature.

Delimitation:
The study is limited to students enrolled in Bachelor of Secondary Education programs

with a major in English. It focuses on modern English literature and its challenges in

educational contexts, without addressing historical periods or non-English literature. The

study will use purposive sampling, targeting only students in English education

programs, and does not consider perspectives from educators or publishers. Additionally,

while technology's role in literature is explored, the study will not extensively analyze

specific digital tools or platforms but rather their impact on the teaching and reception of

modern literature. The scope is confined to the student experience within the classroom

environment.

Significance of the Study

This study on the challenges of teaching modern English literature is significant for

students, parents, teachers, and future researchers, each benefiting in distinct ways.

Students:

Students will gain a deeper understanding of the evolving nature of modern

literature, including its themes and relevance to contemporary issues. The study

will enhance their critical thinking and analytical skills, helping them engage

more meaningfully with modern texts.

Parents:

Parents will better understand the challenges students face in studying modern

English literature. This awareness will help them support their children by
 fostering a positive attitude toward reading and providing the resources needed

for academic success.

Teachers:

Teachers will benefit from insights into the challenges of teaching modern

English literature, allowing them to refine their teaching strategies. This study

will guide educators in addressing contemporary themes and using innovative

methods to improve student engagement and comprehension.

Future Researchers:

Future researchers will find this study valuable as it highlights areas needing

further exploration in literature education. It provides a foundation for developing

new teaching methodologies and examining the intersection of literature, society,

and education in the modern world.

In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights for enhancing the understanding of

modern English literature and its teaching across these groups.

Definition of Terms

Modern English Literature

Literary works written in English from the late 19th century to the present, reflecting

contemporary issues and social changes. It includes various genres, such as novels,

poetry, and drama, addressing themes like identity, social justice, and mental health.
Challenges of Modern English Literature

The difficulties in understanding, interpreting, and teaching modern English literature.

These challenges include complex themes, diverse cultural perspectives, and the

influence of technology on literary production and consumption.

Teaching Methodology

The strategies and techniques used by educators to teach modern English literature,

including traditional and innovative methods like discussions, assignments, and

multimedia tools.

Critical Thinking

The ability to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information logically. In literature, it

helps students interpret themes, structures, and cultural significance, forming their own

interpretations.

Digital Platforms

Online tools and media, such as social media, e-books, and websites, that influence how

literature is consumed, shared, and discussed.

Postcolonial Literature

Literature that explores the effects of colonization, addressing themes of identity, cultural

conflict, and the impact of imperialism.

Feminist Literature

Literary works that examine gender inequality and the experiences of women, focusing

on social expectations and female empowerment.

Queer Literature

Literature exploring LGBTQ+ experiences, identities, and issues, challenging traditional

gender and sexual norms.

Globalization

The spread of ideas, culture, and products across the world, shaping global

consciousness. In literature, it influences the themes and reception of works and blends

diverse cultural perspectives.

Censorship

The restriction or suppression of literary works based on content deemed inappropriate or

offensive, affecting the accessibility and diversity of literature.

 REFERENCES

Potter, J. & Crystal, D. (2023). English Language. Britannica.

Oxford English Dictionary (2012). Updates. OED.

Vaught, B. (2016). Emotion in Early Modern English Literature. Google Scholar.

Rubright, E. (2015). Anglo-Dutch Relations in Early Modern English Literature

and Culture. Google Scholar.

Robinson, H. (2015). Early Modern English Literature. Google Scholar.

Anonymous (2022). The Challenges Facing Effective Teaching of Literature-in-

English in Secondary Education, Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages 160–178. JERAP.

Lick, M., & others (2016). Why Our Students Study Literature. Gustavus.

Nawi, A., & others (2021). The Challenges Facing Effective Teaching of
Literature-in-English. ResearchGate.

Ahmed, F., & others (2020). Challenges to Studying English Literature by Saudi
Undergraduate EFL Students. ResearchGate.

Chomsky, N. (2020). Investigating Problems of English Literature Teaching to

EFL High School Students in Turkey. JLLS.

Azman, B. (2016). Implementation and Challenges of English Language

Education. Google Scholar.
 Azadeh, M. (2015). Challenges to English Language Teachers of Secondary
Schools. Google Scholar.

Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of literature and studies pertinent to and essential to

the completion of this study.

A. Themes

Modern English Literature

The English language is an Indo-European language in the West Germanic language

group ( Potter, 2023). Modern English Language is widely considered to be the lingua

franca of the world and is the standard language in a wide variety of fields, including

computer coding, international business, and higher education ( Crystal, 2023). Having

emerged from the dialects and vocabulary of Germanic peoples—Angles, Saxons, and

Jutes—who settled in Britain in the 5th century CE, English today is a constantly

changing language that has been influenced by a plethora of different cultures and

languages, such as Latin, French, Dutch, and Afrikaans. And as of 2020 there are about

1.27 billion English speakers all over the world. This makes the English the most spoken
language globally. However, over the constant change of times, there are a lot going on

with the English Language.

The material added to the dictionary includes revised versions of existing entries

(which replace the older versions), and new words and senses both within the

alphabetical sequence of revised entries and also across the whole A to Z range.

Therefore this concludes that there are really a lot added to the English Language in

terms of the new words added to the Oxford Dictionary. Some of the new words added to

the English Dictionary are ebullient which means

unrestrained joyously, eradicate, which means to destroy something completely

down to its roots, and destigmatizing, the process of removing social stigma or negative

connotations associated with someone or something. The population that we serve as

educators is becoming more and more diverse. 1 Future students, the pool from which we

must recruit our majors, look less and less like the cohort of previous generations for

whom our current degrees were constructed. There is a practical value in speaking to

these students about the texts and histories that form their civilization. But there is also an

ethical imperative to equip our students to understand and engage critically with the

world as it is, not as it was imagined by the University of Chicago’s Great Books

Program of the 1940s (Coles and Thompson, 2019). There is a sense the English

language is not just a language acquisition but it is also used in different varieties just like

understanding someone's perception nor understanding our history.

 The English Literature

The discipline of English literature is centered on studying written works produced

by both English writers, and those in countries that use English as their primary language.

It encompasses a range of literary forms such as poetry, drama, and fiction. The literary

pieces span over various historical periods, from the medieval to contemporary times.

Central themes often explored in English literature include identity, love, loss, power, and

morality. Major literary movements and periods include the Renaissance, Enlightenment,

Romanticism, Victorian literature, and Modernism. The study of English literature is

often linked to the quest for intellectual and emotional growth through readers immersing

themselves in the experiences of characters from different times and places. Modern

English literature frequently addresses a variety of thematic elements. These include the

exploration of individual and group identities,

often in relation to issues surrounding race, gender, sexuality, and ethnicity.

Additionally, modern literature frequently focuses on feelings of isolation and

disconnection in society (alienation), the effects of war and social conflict, including

trauma and displacement, and issues surrounding mental health, such as addiction,

anxiety, and depression. Authors often address issues of social justice, inequality, and

oppression, with a focus on identity politics. Other common themes include the

complexities of human relationships and intimacy, the impact of technology on society

and relationships, the relationship between humans and the environment and the impact

of our actions on the planet, the effects of modernity on values and relationships, and the
legacy of historical events such as colonialism, slavery, and the impact on cultural

identity, heritage, and memory in contemporary society.

Challenges of Modern English Literature

The challenges of modern English literature arise from the complex interplay of

societal, cultural, technological and linguistic factors that shape the production, reception

and interpretation of literary works in today's world.

Modern English Literature is not only a product of artistic creation, but also a

reflection of the conditions and concerns of its time. The challenges facing modern

English literature are therefore varied and multifaceted, as they concern not only the

intrinsic qualities of literary works, such as style, form, and content, but also the extrinsic

factors affecting the literary ecosystem, such as globalization, diversity , Censorship,

Digitization and Critical Theory.

A challenge of modern English literature is the tension between tradition and

innovation. On the one hand, modern authors often have to contend with the legacy of

previous authors and genres, whether through adaptations, critiques, parodies, or

expansions of their works. On the other hand, modern writers must also meet the

demands of a changing audience and market, which may require them to experiment with
new forms, themes and styles, or to confront the expectations and prejudices of different

cultural and political contexts.

Another challenge of modern English literature is the diversity of voices and

experiences that it encompasses. While English literature has traditionally been

dominated by white, male, Western authors, the emergence of postcolonial, feminist,

queer, and other marginalized voices has expanded the literary canon and challenged its

exclusions and prejudices. However, this diversity also poses challenges of

representation, authenticity, and inclusivity, as writers may struggle to reconcile their

own identities and perspectives with those of the communities they represent and serve.

Third challenges of modern English literature are the effects of technology on their

production, dissemination and reception. Digital platforms such as social media, e-books

and audio books have enabled authors to reach wider audiences and connect with readers

in new ways, but they have also raised questions about the quality, originality and

authority of literary works and the role of critics, publishers, and gatekeepers in shaping

literary discourse. Taken together, the challenges of modern English literature require

writers, readers, and scholars to engage in critical reflection, creative experimentation,

and ethical imagination as they attempt to navigate the complex landscape cultural

production and consumption in the 21st century.

Literature-in-English is a major school subject that equips students with language

and other soft skills needed for entry into the workforce. For students to acquire the
skills, effective teaching, which is dependent on the availability of basic teaching–

learning resources, is essential. From the research conducted by the University of Ibadan,

the result shows that teachers are faced with many challenges that prevent them from

delivering quality instruction. These include poor learning environment, acute shortage of

textbooks, low language proficiency, misconceptions about the value of literature, heavy

workload, and lack of parental support. Some schools do not have literature teachers. The

biggest obstacle, however, is lack of textbooks. The situation is critical and points to a

crisis of teaching and learning in Literature-in-English classrooms. Literature-in-English

is basically a manipulation of language in different contexts.

Studying Literature-in-English as a school subject goes beyond reading a piece of

literary work and being able to retell the storyline. It is also not sufficient to know the

subject matter in the text. Literature students need to be able to read the text, appreciate

it, and engage in meaningful discussion in order to arrive at a deeper level of

comprehension. A particular text may require reading over and over again before it could

be understood. The more students read the text, the more insights they may gain. Such

insights may warrant asking more questions, making clarifications, interacting further

with the texts, with other students, or with the teacher. Accordingly, reading the

recommended texts is not optional but a prerequisite for all Literature in-English

students, so that they would learn. Literature-in-English is basically a manipulation of

language in different contexts.

 The language model stresses the need to engage students in a series of language

activities, such as plot summary, discussion of the major themes and characters, as well

as attempts to produce individual creative writings following the patterns of a given text.

Studies have shown that exposure to literature facilitates language learning (Amuseghan

& Momoh, 2013; Anka et al., 2017). As students explore characterization, plots, settings,

and themes, numerous questions and insights may come up that could form the basis for

class discussions, literary appreciation, language learning, and vocabulary development.

Through these, students are enabled to engage in different aspects of language use and

practice—listening, speaking, reading, writing, discourse, and development of analytical

skills.

The personal growth model could enable students to appreciate literature, not as

abstract ideas but as a subject that is relevant to life. Students are required to engage in

personal responses to the texts by making connections between the experiences or

fictional world portrayed in the text and their individual experiences or social milieu.

Fundamentally, all literary works—irrespective of the genre—are about life experiences

as perceived by writers in different places and time. Accordingly, literature could help

students understand human nature better as they explore some themes that present the

universal truth about human beings and human conditions. For example, students may

encounter imaginary personalities, situations, and diverse ways of responding to or

solving life’s many challenges or problems. That way, literature could prepare them to

face the challenges of life. Essentially, students may better appreciate literature to the

extent that they see its relevance to their daily lives.

 Modern English literature serves as a catalyst for social change, addressing pressing

issues that demand our attention. Through thought-provoking narratives, it confronts

social injustices,

inequality, climate change, mental health, and other global challenges. By

immersing readers in these narratives, modern literature inspires critical thinking,

encouraging readers to question the status quo, challenge preconceptions, and actively

participate in shaping a better future. The evolution of language is intrinsic to the

progress of literature. Modern English literature embraces contemporary language,

reflecting the shifting linguistic landscape of our time. This linguistic evolution helps

bridge the gap between the author and the reader, ensuring literature remains relevant and

accessible. By incorporating colloquialisms, new expressions, and diverse linguistic

influences, modern literature connects with a broader audience and captures the spirit of

the present age.

Adopting the changes in modern English literature is crucial to our intellectual and

cultural development. Its ability to reflect the contemporary human experience, challenge

stereotypes, experiment with narrative techniques, address social issues, and evolve the

language and style ensures its relevance in an ever-changing world. By embracing

modern literature, we gain a deeper understanding of ourselves, our society, and the

world we inhabit, fostering empathy, critical thinking, and collective progress. Let us

celebrate and embrace the transformative power of modern English literature as it paves

the way for a brighter and more inclusive future.

 In conclusion, studying the gap of modern English literature is essential for a well-

rounded understanding of the literary landscape and cultural development. By examining

this period, we gain valuable insights into the transitional phase between traditional

literary movements and the emergence of contemporary literature.

Firstly, studying the gap in modern English literature allows us to explore the

societal, political, and technological changes that occurred during this time. It offers a

window into the shifting ideologies, perspectives, and values that influenced writers and

their works. Through the examination of literary texts from this period, we can better

comprehend the complexities of the human experience in an ever-evolving world.

Secondly, the study of this gap provides an opportunity to discover lesser-known

and underappreciated writers who were overlooked or overshadowed by more dominant

literary figures. By examining their works, we can uncover hidden gems and voices that

offer unique insights into the human condition. This not only enriches our literary canon

but also encourages a more inclusive and diverse understanding of literature.

Furthermore, studying the gap in modern English literature helps us trace the

development of literary techniques and styles that have shaped contemporary writing. By

analyzing the experimentation and innovations of writers during this period, we can

identify the origins of narrative devices, structural techniques, and thematic explorations

that continue to influence literature today. This knowledge enhances our ability to
critically engage with contemporary works and appreciate their historical and artistic

significance.

Lastly, exploring the gap in modern English literature allows us to bridge the divide

between past and present. It enables us to understand the trajectory of literary evolution

and appreciate how writers build upon and respond to the works that came before them.

By contextualizing contemporary literature within its historical roots, we can better

comprehend

the thematic continuities, intertextual references, and cultural dialogues that

transcend time and enrich our reading experience.

In conclusion, studying the gap of modern English literature offers a deeper

understanding of societal shifts, introduces us to overlooked voices, identifies literary

innovations, and facilitates a meaningful connection between past and present. It is

through this exploration that we can appreciate the vast richness and diversity of human

expression and ensure that our literary heritage remains vibrant and relevant for

generations to come.

Literature Globalization has brought about increased cultural exchange and

interconnectivity. Modern literature often reflects the complexities of transnational

experiences, migrations, and cultural encounters. Investigating the challenges faced by

writers in navigating this globalized literary landscape can provide insights into the

interplay between local and global influences. The boundaries of traditional literary
genres and narrative structures have been challenged in modern literature. Writers

experiment with new forms, blurring the lines between fiction and non-fiction,

incorporating multimedia elements, or combining different literary traditions.

Understanding the impact of these changes on storytelling and reader engagement can be

a valuable area of study.

Modern English Literature is where communication and understanding are more

important than ever; the study of modern English literature offers a gateway to the shared

human experience. It provides us with the tools to critically engage with the world,

empathize with others, and forge connections across diverse cultures and perspectives.

Ultimately, the study of modern English literature is a profound and enriching endeavor,

expanding our horizons,

deepening our understanding of the human condition, and empowering us to

navigate the complexities of our world with greater insight, empathy, and imagination.
 References:

Potter & Crystal (2023) English Language.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/English- language

Anonymous (2012). https://public.oed.com/updates/

Vaught, B. (2016). Emotion in early modern English literature.

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?

start=10&q=modern+english+literature&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5#d=gs_qabs&t=16845444239

45&u=%23p%3DJYmg3_NBWfIJ
 Rubright, E. (2015). Anglo-Dutch Relations in Early Modern English Literature and

Culture. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?

start=10&q=modern+english+literature&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5#d=gs_qabs&t=16845445004

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Robinson, H. (2015) Early modern English literature.

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start=10&q=modern+english+literature&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5#d=gs_qabs&t=16845445647

31&u=%23p%3DOFRYI1K43lgJ

Anonymous (2022). The Challenges Facing Effective Teaching of Literaturein-

English in Secondary Education. 2022, Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages 160–178 DOI:

10.5590/JERAP.2022.12.1.12. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8353-3168

(Lick et al., 2016) Why Our Students Study Literature.

https://gustavus.edu/english/whystudyliterature.php

(Nawi et al., 2021) The Challenges Facing Effective Teaching of Literaturein-

English.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369371744_The_Challenges_in_the_Teaching_

of_English_Literature

(Ahmed et al., 2020) Challenges to Studying English Literature by the Saudi

Undergraduate EFL Students as Perceived by Instructors.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339129218_Challenges_to_Studying_English_

Literature_by_the_Saudi_Undergraduate_EFL_Students_as_Perceived_by_Instructors

Chomsky, H. (2020) Investigating problems of English literature teaching to EFL

high school students in Turkey with focus on language proficiency.

https://www.jlls.org/index.php/jlls/article/view/609

Azman, B. (2016) Implementation and Challenges of English Language Education.

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Azadeh, M. (2015) Challenges to English language teachers of secondary schools.

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 Chapter III

METHODS AND PROCEDURES

This chapter presents the different methodologies employed by the researcher in

gathering the necessary data. It includes the research design, the respondents, the

sampling method, instrumentation and statistical tool.

Materials
 The researcher made use of the laptop, test paper, internet and printer in conducting

the study. Since this study was focused in the factors that affected the challenges of

Modern English Literature, books are used as well.

Research Design

The present study used the quantitative research design as it gathered and analyzed

the obtained results of the survey questionnaires given to the respondents. The

researchers chose the descriptive - survey research methodology. Descriptive - survey

research included studies that gives pertinent information about the elements prevailing

in the present times. It was concerned with the existing conditions, ongoing processes and

perceived effects. Moreover, descriptive - survey research design emphasized the

importance of gathered data and the significance of what is described. It includes studies

and literature that provides information of the present state of the involved variables

(Yazon et al., 2019).

Sample and Sampling Technique

Purposive sampling technique was used in this study. Purposive sampling technique

made the researchers to have a prior knowledge about the purpose of their studies so that

they can accurately choose and approach eligible participants. This technique was used so

that the researchers will be able to gather information in the most aligned respondents

with the characteristics and the objectives of this study. In this case the respondents were

chosen base on their course taken in college, which preferably are students who's taking

the secondary education major in english.

Statistical Tool
 The following statistical procedures were used to interpret the data gathered from the

respondents of the study.

1. Simple Percentage. The demographic profile variables of the respondents were

analyzed using the simple percentage with the following formula:

F
P= (100)
N

Where:

P= Percentage

F= Frequency

N= Total Number of Respondents

100= Constant Multiplier

2. Pearson r : it is used when you have two quantitative variables and you wish to see if

there is a linear relationship between two variables.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researcher used the purposive sampling method. In purposive sampling method

the researchers have to to choose specific participants that will help the study meet its

goals. These subjects have particular characteristics that the researchers need to evaluate

their research question. The researcher chose respondents who are studying Bachelor of

Secondary Education Major in English. These students are more exposed in English

Language that's why the researchers chose them to be their respondents to give specific

answers. A letter was sent to the President's office to ask permission for the study to be

conducted. Another letter was sent to the respondents for their permission to be included
in the study. The researchers didn't have to ask permission from the students'

parent/guardian because they are all in the legal age to decide whether they want to be

included in the study or not. The researcher developed a 10 items questionnaire through

the use of modern technology which is the Google Forms so that the respondents will

have their own time in answering the survey sent to them, with the clarity of mind and no

hesitation. The data gathering took two days for the researchers to complete the amount

of data needed for them to prevent bias and to be broad. The researcher explains to the

respondents the importance of their response to the study. The researcher clarifies some

terms to the respondents so that the respondents can answer the questionnaire with full

knowledge of their responsibility as the subject of the study. The researcher requested the

respondents to answer with all honesty. The researcher uses a purposive sampling,

according to Zulueta and Costales, the sampling units are selected subjectively by the

researcher. In this study since the researcher goal is to determine the Importance of the

challenges of modern English literature,

the researcher believes that this method is the most appropriate in choosing the sample

for the research. After the respondents answered the questionnaire, the researcher

collected and tallied the data for interpretation. The researcher asks a statistician to help

in determining the appropriate statistical tools to be used and in interpreting the data.

Based on the data the researcher comes up with conclusion and recommendations for this

study.
Research Instrument

The value of this research will not be completed if it did not use any reference to

support the study by analyzing, interpreting and evaluating the problems and issues

regarding the topic conducted. The researchers used some reference in the library to give

an answer to their queries, to enlighten their minds regarding the study and to prove the

ideas and concepts used in the study. They patiently browsed books and spared their most

time in finding facts and ideas that will support the study. The researchers used google

forms to conduct a survey based on the characteristics that must be seen in the

respondents to be qualified for their study. They carefully and religiously scrutinized the

possible ideas and concepts that were included in the materials which are found the

School library with all its relevance, validity and truthfulness. The resources

(REFERENCES) can be seen and found at the latter part of this research.

References :

Anaesth (2016) Basic statistical tools in research and data analysis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5037948/
Srivastav (2023) Pearson Correlation Coefficient.

https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/pearson-correlation-coefficient/

Anon. (2013)Research Instrument.

https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/marketing/marketing-information-

management/research-instrument/

Impactio (2021). A Definition of Research Instruments and Their Purpose in Obtaining

Data from Research Subjects. https://www.impactio.com/blog/a-definition-of-research-

instruments-and-their-purpose-in-obtaining-data-from-research-subjects

Anon. (2012). https://images.app.goo.gl/4kzTjYN8M3uDEysMA

Baht (2017). Data Collection: What It Is, Methods & Tools + Examples.

https://www.questionpro.com/blog/data-collection/#:~:text=The%20data%20collection

%20methods%20that,existing%20records%2C%20and%20biological%20samples.

Adi (2021). Research Design: What it is, Elements & Types.

https://www.questionpro.com/blog/research-design/#:~:text=Conclusion-,What%20is

%20Research%20Design%3F,up%20their%20studies%20for%20success.