report-2377ede376c077a6ea1a99680bd2e61c134a4e6b
report-2377ede376c077a6ea1a99680bd2e61c134a4e6b
report-2377ede376c077a6ea1a99680bd2e61c134a4e6b
HAEMATOLOGY
FEVER PACKAGE ADVANCED
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
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PO No :PO1307984135-487
HAEMATOLOGY
FEVER PACKAGE ADVANCED
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
As per the recommendation of International council for Standardization in Hematology, the differential leucocyte counts are
additionally being reported as absolute numbers of each cell in per unit volume of blood.
DHSS : Double Hydrodynamic Sequential System
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PO No :PO1307984135-487
HAEMATOLOGY
FEVER PACKAGE ADVANCED
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
ESR provides an index of progress of the disease and is widely used as an indicator of inflammation, infection, trauma, or
malignant diseases. Changes are more significant than a single abnormal test
It is specifically indicated to monitor the course or response to the treatment of diseases like rheumatoid arthritis,
tuberculosis bacterial endocarditis ,acute rheumatic fever ,Hodgkins disease,temporal arthritis , and systemic lupus
erythematosis; and to diagnose and monitor giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica.
An elevated ESR may also be associated with many other conditions, including autoimmune disease, anemia,
infection,malignancy,pregnancy, multiple myeloma, menstruation, and hypothyroidism.
Although a normal ESR cannot be taken to exclude the presence of organic disease, its rate is dependent on various
physiologic and pathologic factors.
The most important component influencing ESR is the composition of plasma. High level of C-Reactive Protein, fibrinogen,
haptoglobin, alpha-1antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin and immunoglobulins causes the elevation of Erythrocyte Sedimentation
Rate.
Drugs that may cause increase ESR levels include: dextran, methyldopa, oral contraceptives, penicillamine, procainamide,
theophylline, and Vitamin A. Drugs that may cause decrease levels include: aspirin, cortisone, and quinine
Comment:
Four species of the Plasmodium parasites are responsible for human malaria infection - P.falciparum, P.vivax, P.ovale and
P.malariae. P.falciparum and P.vivax are the most prevalent . Falciparum infection is associated with Cerebral malaria and
drug resistance whereas vivax infection is associated with high rate of infectivity and relapse. Differentiation between
P.falciparum and P.vivax is of utmost importance for better patient management and speedy recovery.
This is only a screening test. The results must always be correlated with clinical history and relevant epidemiological and
therapeutic context.
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PO No :PO1307984135-487
HAEMATOLOGY
FEVER PACKAGE ADVANCED
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
A Positive result indicates malarial infection. False Positives may be seen due to cross reactivity and persistence
antigenemia.
False negatives may be seen in patient’s with very low parasitic index .
Malaria P.f/P.v Ag Test is an immunochromatographic assay for the differential detection between Plasmodium falciparum
Histidine -Rich Protein-ll (HRP-ll) and pLDH (plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase) specific to Plasmodium vivax in human whole
blood.
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PO No :PO1307984135-487
BIOCHEMISTRY
FEVER PACKAGE ADVANCED
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
SGPT/ALT :
Present in large concentrations in liver, kidney; in smaller amounts, in skeletal muscle and heart.
Released with tissue damage, particularly liver injury. ALT is the preferred enzyme for evaluation of liver injury.
Aspartate Aminotransferase
Aspartate Transaminase (SGOT) 106 U/L 11-34 NADH w/o P-5’-P
Comment:
SGOT/AST :
Present in large concentrations in liver, skeletal muscle, brain, red cells, and heart.
Released into the bloodstream when tissue is damaged, especially in liver injury.
Test is not indicatted for diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
AST/ALT ratio>1 suggests cirrhosis in patients wiyh hepatitis C.
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PO No :PO1307984135-487
BIOCHEMISTRY
FEVER PACKAGE ADVANCED
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
C-Reactive Protein (Quantitative) 126.60 mg/L <5.0 Immunoturbidimetric
Comment:
C-Reactive Protein [CRP] is an acute phase reactant ,hepatic secretion of which is stimulated in response to inflammatory
cytokines.
CRP is a very sensitive but nonspecific marker of inflammation and infection.
The CRP test is useful in patient with Inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, Autoimmune diseases, Pelvic inflammatory
disease (PID), tissue injury or necrosis and infections.
CRP levels can be elevated in the later stages of pregnancy as well as with use of birth control pills or hormone
replacement therapy i.e. estrogen. Higher levels of CRP have also been observed in the obese.
As compared to ESR, CRP shows an earlier rise in inflammatory disorders which begins in 4-6 hrs, he intensity of the rise
being higher than ESR and the recovery being earlier than ESR. Unlike ESR, CRP levels are not influenced by hematologic
conditions like Anemia, Polycythemia.
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PO No :PO1307984135-487
SEROLOGY
FEVER PACKAGE ADVANCED
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
Typhoid fever is an infection caused by a bacterium, Salmonella Typhi. Timely diagnosis of typhoid fever at an early stage is
not only important for etiological diagnosis but also to identify and treat the potential carrier state in order to prevent acute
typhoid fever outbreaks. TYPHIDOT is an immunochromatographic assay designed for the qualitative detection and
differentiation of specific IgM and IgG antibodies against specific Salmonella Typhi antigen in human serum or plasma. This test is
an aid in the early diagnosis of typhoid infection.
Note:-
It is a rapid, qualitative, screening test for early detection of antibodies to Salmonella Typhi in human serum/plasma. All
positive results should be confirmed by supplement tests.
A negative result does not rule out recent infection, as positive result is influenced by the time elapsed after the onset of
fever and immuno- competence of the patient.
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PO No :PO1307984135-487
SEROLOGY
FEVER PACKAGE ADVANCED
Interpretation:
Titers ≥ 1:80 of O antigen and ≥ 1:160 of H antigen of S. Typhi, S. paratyphi A & B are significant. Rising titres in paired
samples are more significant.
A positive Widal test indicates Enteric fever or typhoid fever caused by Salmonella spp. and should be confirmed by gold
standard test such as Blood culture.
In the case of Low titres, it is suggested to perform repeat test after a week. A four fold rise in titre within a gap of 1 week
confirms the Widal test.
Persistent low titres are not suggestive of Enteric Fever caused by Salmonella Typhi or Salmonella paratyphi A and B.
Limitation:
False Positive: Anamnestic response is seen in person who had prior enteric infection or immunization with TAB
vaccination, False positive result is seen during unrelated fever like Malaria, M.tuberculosis, Dengue, Brucellosis, Rheumatic
fever etc. In such cases, there is a temporary increase in H antibody titer, whereas enteric fever patients show a sustained
rise in both H and O antibodies
In endemic areas, people may show moderately elevated levels of ‘O’ and ‘H’ agglutinins.
False negative: seen in early course of disease (1st week) and in immunosuppression. Antibiotic treatment during the first
week, before antibodies develop, may suppress the immune response, leading to lower antibody levels.
Comments:
The Widal test is a serological assay used to detect and quantify antibodies against Salmonella antigens (‘H’ and ‘O’) in the
serum and help to detect infections due to Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A and B.
Typically, antibodies appear at the end of the first week of infection, peak after 1-2 weeks, and then decline.
For accurate diagnosis, blood or stool cultures should be done in the first week, while the Widal test should be performed at
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PO No :PO1307984135-487
SEROLOGY
FEVER PACKAGE ADVANCED
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PO No :PO1307984135-487
SEROLOGY
FEVER PACKAGE ADVANCED
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
Recommended test is NS1 Antigen by ELISA in the first 5 days of fever. After 7-10 days of fever, the recommended test is
Dengue virus antibodies IgG & IgM by ELISA.
Comments:
Dengue viruses belong to the family Flaviviridae and have 4 serotypes (1 - 4). It is transmitted by the mosquito Aedes
aegypti and Aedes albopictus and is widely distributed in Tropical and Subtropical areas of the world.
The disease may be subclinical, self limiting, febrile or may progress to a severe form of Dengue hemorrhagic fever or
Dengue shock syndrome.
Positive: The presence of Dengue Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen is typically detectable within 1 to 2 days following
infection and may persist up to 9 days following symptom onset. NS1 antigen may also be detectable during secondary
dengue virus infection, but for a shorter duration of time (1 - 4 days following symptom onset).
Negative: The absence of Dengue NS1 antigen suggests that the infection may not be in the acute phase. NS1 might be
negative if the test is done too early (within 24-48 hours of infection) or too late (9-10 days after symptoms start). In such
cases, serologic testing for IgM and IgG antibodies is recommended.
Results should always be interpreted in conjunction with clinical presentation and exposure history.
Limitations:
Some samples show cross reactivity for Leptospira, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Hepatitis-A, Influenza A & B, Salmonella
typhi, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis,Yellow fever, Epstein-BARR virus, West Nile Virus disease.
Note: The referring centre/ Lab is responsible for informing concerned Local authorities on notifiable disease.
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PO No :PO1307984135-487
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
FEVER PACKAGE ADVANCED
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
•Note: Pre-test condition to be observed while submitting the sample-first void, mid stream urine, collected in a clean, dry, sterile
container is recommended for routine urine analysis, avoid contamination with any discharge from vaginal, urethra, perineum,
Avoid prolonged transit time & undue exposure to sunlight.
•During interpretation, points to be considered are Negative nitrite test does not exclude the urinary tract infections. Trace
proteinuria can be seen with many physiological conditions like prolonged recumbency, exercise, high protein diet. False positive
reactions for bile pigments, proteins, glucose and nitrites can be caused by peroxidase like activity by disinfectants, therapeutic
dyes, ascorbic acid and certain drugs.• Urine microscopy is done in centrifuged urine specimens
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PO No :PO1307984135-487
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
FEVER PACKAGE ADVANCED
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Conditions of Laboratory Testing & Reporting:
Test results released pertain to the sample, as received. Laboratory investigations are only a tool to facilitate in arriving at a diagnosis and should
be clinically correlated by the interpreting clinician. Result delays may happen because of unforeseen or uncontrollable circumstances. Test report
may vary depending on the assay method used. Test results may show inter-laboratory variations. Test results are not valid for medico-legal
purposes. Please mail your queries related to test results to Customer Care mall ID care@1mg.com
Disclaimer: Results relate only to the sample received. Test results marked "BOLD" indicate abnormal results i.e. higher or lower than normal. All
lab test results are subject to clinical interpretation by a qualified medical professional. This report cannot be used for any medico-legal purposes.
Partial reproduction of the test results is not permitted. Also, TATA 1mg Labs is not responsible for any misinterpretation or misuse of the
information. The test reports alone may not be conclusive of the disease/condition, hence clinical correlation is necessary. Reports should be
vetted by a qualified doctor only.
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Ensuring accuracy IN every single report
Following a 3-step review process: