THE

THE
SPIRITUAL
SPIRITUAL
SELF
SELF
Presented by: Lyca B. Leonida
 Demonstrate understanding
01
of the spiritual self.

Explain the importance

LEARNING
LEARNING
02
of spirituality in one’s life.

OUTCOMES
OUTCOMES 03
Discuss how spirituality is
connected to religion.

Atthe
At theend
endof
ofthe
the Describe how spirituality
04
chapter,you
chapter, youare
are develops.

ableto:
able to: Identify the different
spirituality beliefs of
05
indigenous people in the
Philippines.
 "Quiet the mind,
"Quiet the mind,
and the soul will
and the soul will
speak."
speak."
-Ma Jaya Sati Bhagavati
Spirituality
The root meaning of spirituality is
taken from the Latin word “spiritus”
meaning breath or life force.
Spirituality can be understood as a
search for the sacred, a process
through which people seek to
discover, hold on to, and, when
necessary, transform whatever
they hold sacred in their lives.
The sacred could refer to God and
transcendence.
 ir it u a lit y
Sp
vs
Re li gio n
Spirituality
places little importance on
beliefs and traditions and is
more concerned with growing
and experiencing the Divine.
approach to God is through the
path of love. This is a love where
there is no condemnation and
judgment, but where there is
mercy and acceptance.
Religion
believes in a god or group of
gods and consciously
adheres to the beliefs of
his/her religion.
religion takes the approach
of fear. It emphasizes sin,
guilt, and the concept of a
punishing God.
why is spirituality
why is spirituality
important?
important?
provides meaning which is a buffer
against anxiety, depression, and
phobias
associated with better health and well-
being
creates a source of social support
which provides a sense of belonging
and security, and a sense of community
CONTEPLATIVE
CONTEPLATIVE
PRACTICES
PRACTICES
 mental exercise (such as
focusing on one's breathing
or repeating a mantra) for the
purpose of reaching a
heightened level of spiritual
awareness

Meditation
 a spiritual communion with
God (or an object of worship)
as in supplication,
thanksgiving, adoration, or
confession.

Prayer
 A Hindu spiritual and ascetic
discipline, yoga is a system of
physical posture, breathing
techniques, and sometimes
meditation to promote physical
and emotional well-being.

Yoga
 journaling is another (but
often overlook) contemplative
practice that can help you
become more aware of your
inner life and feel more
connected to your experience
in the world around you
Journaling
 religion
religion
RELIGION
-Religion is defined as "the belief in and
worship of a superhuman controlling
power, especially a personal God or gods"
(Oxford University Press, 2017).
-It is also a "particular system of faith and
worship" (University of Minnesota Human
Rights Center, 2003, 2016).
The four dimension of religion

BELIEFS RITUALS

SPIRITUAL UNIQUE SOCIAL FORMS

EXPERIENCE OF COMMUNITY
 Beliefs
Religious beliefs are generalized system of ideas
and values that shape how members of a religious
group come to understand the world around them.
These beliefs are taught to followers by religious
authorities, such as priest, imams, and shamen,
through formal creeds and doctrines, as well as
more informal lesson learned through stories, songs,
and myths.
 Rituals
Rituals are the repeated physical gestures or
activities, such as prayers and mantras, used to
reinforce religious teachings, elicit spiritual feelings,
and connect worshippers with a higher power (Little
2016). A common type of ritual is a rite of passage
which marks a person's transition from one stage of
life to another. Example of rites of passage include
baptism and weddings.
 Spiritual Experience
A third common dimension of various religions is the
promise of access to some form of unique spiritual
experience or feeling of immediate connection with
a higher power. From this point of view, religion is
not so much about thinking a certain way (i,e., a
formal belief system) ask about feeling a certain
way.
 Unique Social Forms of
Community
The fourth common dimension of religion is
creating unique social form of community. Emile
Durkheim (1915-1964) emphasize that religious
belief and practices "unique and one single
community called a Church, all those who adhere
to them".
 The
Major
Religions
 Judaism
Judaism encompasses the religion,
philosophy, and culture of the Jewish people.
It is characterized by belief in one
transcendent God who has revealed himself
to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew
prophets and by a religious life and
accordance with the scripture and rabbinic
tradition. Their sacred text is the Torah.
 Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic
monotheistic religion based on the life
and teaching of Jesus Christ, who
served as the focal point of the
Christian faith. For Christians, the
word of God is written in the Bible.
 Islam
Islam is the religious faith of
Muslims who worship Allah as the
sole deity and believes Muhammad
is his prophet. The holy scripture
of Islam is the Koran.
 Hinduism
Hinduism, considered the world's oldest religion, is still commonly
practiced. Hinduism combines the beliefs, philosophy, and cultural
practices of India. Hindu practitioners are guided by Vedic scripture
and believe in righteousness, the laws of cause and effect, and the
cycle of birth and death. Central to the faith is the belief in
reincarnation and one supreme god called Brahman who has multiple
manifestations as either a god or goddess. Gods and goddesses can
be spirits, trees, animals, and even planets.
 Buddhism
Buddhism refer to the teaching of Gautama Buddha. Buddha,
(originally a follower of the Hindu faith) experience enlightenment,
or Bohdi, while sitting under a tree. It was in this moment that
Buddha was said to be awakened to the truth of the world, to
Enlightenment. Thus, Buddhism does not believe in a divine realm
or God as a supernatural being, but instead follows the wisdom
of their founder.
 THE CONCEPT
OF DUNGAN
Presented by: Messiah Garcia
 Babaylan
Babaylan (priestess
or shaman) healer,
spiritual leader,
medium
Animism
Attribution of a
soul to plants,
inanimate objects
and natural
phenomena.
Souls
• Souls are the
quasi physical and
can exist outside
the body (dreams
and visions) or the
“multo”
 HOW DO “DUNGAN AND
GINHAWA” DIFFER
• Dungan is a life force, Ginhawa is the breath
Ginhawa is the
an energy, as well as an ofbreath
life, it of
was said
life, it wasto be
ethereal entity, a spirit responsible for the
said to be responsible
with a will of it’s own for the respiration
respiration and the
that’s inside the human and the ability of
ability of the heart to the
heart to beat
body. beat.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SOUL
AND THE SPIRIT OF A MAN
• Etymology • Biblical beliefs
Ginhawa is the
Soul means the spiritual Soul refers to the
breath of life, it was
and emotional part of a conscious, the moral
said to be responsible
person. thinking of the person.
for the respiration
Spirit means breathing and Spirit is immortal, it will go
and the ability of the
the respiration, the breath to hell or heaven if the
heart to beat
of God (breath of life). person dies.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SOUL
AND THE SPIRIT OF A MAN
• Western Culture • Eastern culture
Soul can be taken or means Ginhawa is the
A person’s Soul has a
someone’s moral breath of life, it was
“Dharma” in Hinduism, it is
consciousness (cruel killer with saidobligation
one’s to be responsible
with respect
soul). tofor the civil
caste, respiration
law and sacred
Spirit refers to ghosts or and
law. the ability
Dharma incursofwith
the
supernatural beings (soul who heart to
“Karma” it isbeat
the sum of
died with unfinished business) one’s actions.
 SOUL ACCORDING TO SOME
ETHNOLINGUISTIC GROUPS OF
THE IN PHILIPPINES
Ginhawa is
• Ginhawa or the “Soul of the dead” by thethe
breath of life, it was
Ifugaos
said to be responsible
• Kaduwa of the Isneg (igorot to tribe native in
for the respiration
Apayao province in the Philippines
and the ability of the
• Kankanaey (another member of igorot
heart to beat people)
• Kaluluwa is the Tagalog concept of soul
 The Ilokano has four-soul
system
1. The Karanua or the soul proper
Ginhawa is the
2. Karkarma stands for natural vigor, mind and
breath of life, it was
reason said to be responsible
3. Anigaas soul that can leave the body of
for the respiration a
person during sleep and visits relatives
and the and
ability of the
friends heart to beat
4. Araria is the liberated soul of the dead
 -(who inhabits the
The provinces Cagayan,
Isabela, and Nueva
Ibanag/ Viscaya)

Ybanag -believes that the soul has

physical characteristics
The -(Mindoro)
Hanunoo -believes in the
Mangyan plurality of soul
 -(Central and
The Northern Palawan)
-believes that people
Tagbanwa have one “true soul”
or kiyaraluwa and five
secondary souls
 -(ethic tribes of
The Bukidnon)
Gimukod -believes in the
gimukod
 RITUALSAND
RITUALS AND
CEREMONIES
CEREMONIES
Presented by: Reshiel Gerellana
 RITUALS AND CEREMONIES
Ritual is a ceremony or action performed in a customary
way. Rituals may be prescribed by the traditions of a
community, including a religious community. Rituals include
not only the worship rites and sacraments of organized
religions and cults, but also rites of passage, atonement
and purification rites, oaths of allegiance, dedication
ceremonies, coronations, presidential inaugurations,
marriages, funerals-perhaps all kinds of human activity.
Where does ritual originate?

The general approaches to theories about

the nature and origin of rituals are:
1. Origin Approach
2. Functional Approach
3. History of Religion Approach
 ORIGIN APPROACH
The origin approach was the earliest form to
explain ritual. The basic premise of this approach is
that ritual behavior was part of the human
evolution. Scholars believed that locating the oldest
cultures and cults could explain the universal nature
of rituals; that if they could discover the origin, then
contemporary human rituals can be explained.
FUNCTIONAL APPROACH

The aim of functional approach

was to explain the ritual behavior
in terms of individual and social
needs.
 HISTORY OF RELIGION
APPROACH
The history of religions approach holds the view
that ritual behavior is an expression of the
sacred; it is how the material human connects
with the transcendent realm or the ultimate
reality. The basic problem with this approach,
however, is that scholars need to agree first
that such a transcendent.
 CLASSIFICATION
OF RITUALS
1. Imitative
2. Positive and Negative
3. Sacrificial
4. Life Crisis
 IMITATIVE RITUALS
The meaning of every ritual is based
on some belief system. These are
called imitative rituals because these
are patterned after myths, and the
ritual repeats the myths or aspects
of the myth.
Positive and Negative Rituals
Avoidance is the best description for a negative ritual. The
word taboo has been applied to those rituals that concern
something should be avoided because it is forbidden. Thus,
negative rituals focus on rules of prohibition, which cover
an almost infinite variety of rites and behavior. One
characteristic they all share, however, is that if the person
breaks the ritual, it will result in a dramatic change that
usually brings some misfortune. On the other hand, positive
rituals are mostly concerned with giving blessings to an
object or to an individual.
 SACRIFICIAL RITUALS
Sacrificial rituals are seen as the earliest form of
religion. The significance of sacrifice in the history of
religion is well documented. The distinct feature of
this type of ritual is the total destruction of the
sacrifice as an offering to a "higher being." The
sacrifice can be a human being, an animal, food
crops, or objects. The destruction could be by
burning,dismembering,cutting the sacrifice in to small
pieces,eating, or buying it.
 LIFE CRISIS RITUALS
The basic characteristic of a life crisis ritual is the
transition of one mode or stage of life into another.
This ritual usually defines the life of an individual. For
example, it is a Filipino tradition to bury the placenta
right after birth, and it is the father who is tasked to
do this. Moreover, for the succeeding children, it is
important to bury the placenta of the siblings together
so that they will always love and care for one another
the rest of their lives (Encyclopedia Britannica).
YAKAN HONEYMOON RITUALS
The Yakans of Basilan Island practice unique rituals during
their honeymoon period, including giving a separate bath
for cleanliness and ensuring the girl is accepted as a wife.
They engage in harlot questions about the girl's status,
step heavily on the right foot, touch her hand with the
right hand, and plant a kiss on her forehead for oneness of
mind and eyesight. The groom is allowed to own the body
and name her anatomical parts in liturgical speech. Any
non-natural sexual intercourse is considered abominable.
THREE WAYS OF
DISCOVERING
MEANING IN LIFE
Presented by: Jane Lamanilao
Viktor Frankl, an Austrian psychiatrist and
neurologist, was the founder of the logotherapy
concept. "Logo" is a word that comes from the
Greek word "logos" which means "meaning", and
therapy refers to treating an illness, condition, or
maladjustment. He believed that human nature
thrives on finding a life purpose.
While finding the meaning of life seems to be at
the forefront of logotherapy, Frankl argued that
instead of asking this question, an individual should
realize that they are the one being questioned.
He stated, “It doesn’t really matter what we
expected from life, but what life expected from
us” (Frankl, 1986).
Frankl proposed that meaning in life can be
discovered in three ways:
• By creating a work or accomplishing some task
(Creative Values).
• By experiencing something fully or loving
somebody (Experiential Values).
• By the attitude that one adopts toward
unavoidable suffering (Attitudinal Values).