MHT-CET NOTES

Statement Of Purpose ( SOP)

About the topic,
Today, We are going to discuss a new topic mentioned in our
syllabus i.e. ‘Statement Of Purpose’ in short you may call it SOP. It is
very important document. It gives information about yourself and your
achievements in a systematic way.
The SOP gives you an opportunity to show the special qualities
which make you distinct from others. It explains why do you want to
join the course, what is your liking, how you have developed your
liking.
The SOP is a gateway to your career as the admission committee
judges you or screens the applications on the basis of the SOPs
received. It justifies how you will be able to achieve your aim. It also
explains why you have selected a particular university.
 What is ‘Statement Of Purpose’ ?
A Statement of Purpose (SOP) is an
application made to a university to seek admission
to a particular course.
‘SOP’ is an essay which describes you as a
person, your aims and ambitions. It speaks about
your journey of life and the qualities you have
nurtured in the process in a systematic way.
 How to draft a Statement Of Purpose
Steps to write a SOP :-
Statement Of Purpose should be written in
around 500 words. It may contain 5 / 6 Paragraphs.
Step no- 1 : - Begin with your introduction, talk about your
personal background, your mental make-up and your aim in
life.

Step no- 2 : - The second paragraph should speak about why

you wish to join this specific course, your area of interest.
Step no- 3: - In the third paragraph, write about your qualities
that would be helpful or suitable for this career goal or
objective. Show how your hobbies and extracurricular activities
would be helpful in strengthening your goals.

Step no- 4 : - In the fourth paragraph, mention your experience

in this field or any internship / project you have done. You can
state something which makes you distinct from the other
applicants.
Step no- 5 : - In the concluding paragraph, state how
admission to this particular course, university would be
beneficial to you and how you look at it from a long term career
perspective.
 Do’s of SOP :-
Dear students,
Follow the following tips, while you are writing
Statement Of Purpose.
1) Write the Statement of Purpose in clear and lucid language.
2) Do not make spelling or construction mistakes.
3) You should be convincing.
4) Show determination in your career.
5) Your purpose of choosing this particular course and university
should be in accordance with your career.
6) Remember that your personality is reflected through this.
7) Highlight your qualities, life experiences in such a way that your
application should stand out from the rest.
 SAMPLE - STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
Pursuing a course in Mechanical Engineering will enable me
to prowess in a field which started as a dream. The genesis of this
dream was a personal experience at the age of ten. We were on a
road trip in my Dad’s car. Without any warning, the engine ceased
and with it my dreams for an exciting holiday too. My dad hopped
out of the car and opened the bonnet. I was right on his tail,
watching him work on the engine utterly fascinated. Soon the car
was up and running. I was in awe and admiration for my Dad. I
wanted to be just like him. My Dad is an engineer and I knew the
seed of engineering had just been planted deep in my core. I am
eager to exploit my hunger for the course of Mechanical
Engineering and, in particular, Automotive Engineering.
 Over the summer holidays of 2017, I undertook an
internship at a bus and coach manufacturing factory in Pune.
As an apprentice, I had a team of highly qualified engineers
to guide me. The team work, zeal and expertise displayed
was an enormous learning point. The experience enriched
my understanding of how vehicles work. This internship gave
me an insight into the day-to-day challenges faced by an
engineer. I also learnt the basics of lathe and milling machine
and was able to make a bolt with threads on it. Utilizing these
machining skills, I was able to make my own fidget spinner.
 I study in a school that lays great emphasis on co-
curricular activities especially sports. I excelled in hockey and
swimming. In hockey, I have been in the school ‘A’ team right
from the age of 7. This association with hockey has improved
my hand-eye coordination and my ability to stay focused in
any given situation-attributes essential for a successful
engineer. Outside of school, I picked up the sport of cricket
which initially began as a family ‘outing’. Later on, I immersed
myself in the sport. Cricket has helped me build on my levels
of concentration. “Concentration comes out of a combination
of confidence and hunger.” These are words that every
engineer should live by-have insatiable hunger to be the best
in design, research and manufacturing of machines.
 We run a daily feeding programme in our temples
where everyone is welcome. I have taken part in these
services nearly every weekend. I have also taken part in
several other community service ventures, such as
planting trees in a bid to reduce deforestation. I also
participated in an epilepsy walk in order to collect
money to help in the treatment of people who can’t
afford the medical care required to treat epilepsy.
 I believe that I am a suitable candidate for the
course since the subjects I have picked for my
undergraduate course in Mechanical Engineering,
namely Physics and Mathematics, have exposed me to
high levels of critical thinking. Throughout high school, I
have been a practical thinker. My passion for Physics
has helped my analytical skills. Mechanical engineers
specifically apply fundamental Maths and Physics laws
to find solutions of machines which we use every day.
 I believe that the UK is the ideal location for my
choice of study, as it is known to have the best
universities for engineering offering top notch facilities
in research, design and manufacture. The UK has
some of the greatest companies which pioneered
automotive engineering to what it is today, for example,
Aston Martin and Jaguar Land Rover. I hope to secure
admission that will provide me with the opportunity to
fulfil my dreams.
12th science Maharashtra board(discussion):books:
MHT-CET NOTES
 SECTION FOUR

4.1 HISTORY OF NOVEL

- BY -
Mr. VIJAY K. GAIKWAD
RAMABAI AMBEDKAR JR. COLLEGE OF ARTS
AT- SAOLI TAH-SAOLI DIST- CHANDRAPUR
 The eighteenth has gifted English Literature two entirely new forms.
They are
1. The Periodical Essay
2. The Novel

The Novel caught the spirit of the eighteenth century as the age
of intellectual , sentimental , and realistic plane and tried to
instruct the readers , which would help them to a more
purposeful and virtuous life.

Since the time of its origin , novel has been

gaining popularity and growing gradually.

Today , the novel is recognized as the most

dominant literary genre.
 -The definition of the novel –
( What is novel ? )

A novel is a relatively long narrative

fiction which describes intimate
human experiences normally in a
prose version.
 The present English word ‘novel’ is derived from
the Italian word ‘novella’ , meaning ‘new’.

 A novel narrates a story embellishing it with

more details of time , place , nature , people and
their minds , their gesture and activities.

 A novel creates the picture of the society of that

time.

 Novel makes life easier to understand than in

drama and poetry.
 STYLE OF THE NOVEL
• The language and the techniques used by the novelists
for the narration of the course of events is known as the
‘style’.

• The novel as a literary genre (style) has a history of

about two thousand years.

• Since its early period , the novel has effects of Greek

Romances , imaginative and delightful stories of ideal
love and marvellous adventure on its writing style.

• This style of writing can be found in ‘Virgil’s Ecologues ,

or in Malory’s ‘Morte De Arthur’ or in Geoffrey
Chaucer’s ‘The Canterbury Tales’.
 ➢ Murasaki Shikibu’s ‘Tale Of Genji’ (1010)
has been described as the world’s first novel.
➢ The Spanish writer Miguel De Cervantes’s ‘Don Quixote’
which was published in two parts between 1605 and 1615 is
considered as the first European Novel.
➢ After 1740 , novel originated as the literary form in
England.
➢ ‘Frankenstein’ written by Mary Shelly in 1823 is
considered the first novel based on science and
technology.
The eighteenth century new literature was characterized by the spirit of
realism , and denial of romantic features like enthusiasm , passion and
imagination. Novel as a form appears to have been designed for both to
voice the aspirations of the middle and lower classes and meet their
longings.
 Some novelists and their novels

(17th century)
1. John Bunyan -- ‘The Pilgrim;s Progress (1678)
2. Aphra Behn -- ‘Ornoonoku’ (1688)
3. Daniel Defoe -- Robinson Crusoe & Mall flanders
4. Jonathan Swift -- ‘Gulliver’s Travels’

( 18th Century )
1. Samuel Richardson – Pamela , Clarissa
( Henry Fielding , Lawrence Sterne , Tobias Smollett ,
Charles Dickens , Walter Scott , Nathaniel
Hawthorne , Horace Walpole , Thomas Hardy ,
Willikie Collin and H. G. Wells are some famous
novelists of this era. )
 Some novelists and their novels

(20th century)
E. M. Forster , James Joyce , Joseph Conard , Henry
James , George Orwell , Graham Greene , D. H.
Lawrence , William Golding , Anthony Burgess.

(20th century’s some immigrant authors)

Salman Rushdie (India) , V. S. Naipaul (Trininad)
Kazuo Ishigura ( Japan )
 Some women novelists and their novels
▪ The novel of manners ‘Evelina’ by Frances Burney
▪ Gothic novels by Ann Radcliffe
▪ A novel based on Science of the age ‘Frankenstein’ by
Mary Shelly
▪ Jane Austen
▪ Bronte sisters Emily and Charlotte’s ‘The Wuthering
Heights’ and ‘Jane Eyre’.
▪ Psychological novels by George Eliot
▪ Virginia Woolf – The pioneer of the stream of
Consciousness technique in English novel.
▪ Agatha Christie – crime based novels.
▪ Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple – Detective novels.
▪ Harper Lee , Margaret Atwood , Toni Morrison and
Alice Walker etc.
 Novel : Indian Scenario
Some Indian English Novelist

▪ Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya is the first

indian English novelist and his novel ‘Rajmohan’s
Wife’ was the first indian English novel.

Mulkraj Anand , R. K. Narayan , Raja Rao , Anita

Desai , Nayantara Sahgal , Arun Joshi , Manohar
Malgaonkar , Amitav Ghosh , Vikram Seth ,
Upamanyu Chatterjee , Salman Rushsie , Arvind
Adiga , Arundhati Roy , Kiran Desai and Kiran
Nagarkar are the few names of indian English
novelist.
 NOVELLA

▪ The word ‘novella’ which means ‘new’ originated from the

Italian word ‘novelle’ .
▪ Novella is shorter than a full length novel and longer than
short stories.
▪ It is a well-structured yet short narrative , often satiric or
realistic in tone.
▪ It usually focuses on one incident or issue with one or two
main characters and takes place at a single tradition.
▪ Some of the famous novellas in English are –
✓ ‘The Heart Of Darkness’ by Joseph Conrad
✓ ‘The Turn Of The Screw’ by Henry James
✓ ‘Billy Budd’ by Hermann Melville
✓ ‘Death in Venice’ by Thomas Mann
✓ ‘Seize The Day’ by Saul Bellow
✓ ‘Pearl’by John Steinbeck
 ELEMENTS OF NOVEL
There are six elements essential of Novel
1.Theme
2.Plot
3.Character
4.Setting
5.Conflict
6.Language / Style
 1. THEME
Theme is the central idea in the
novel which can be expressed in a
nutshell. It is a philosophical statement
or a truth which the writer has put forth
through the narration of th series of
events in the story and characters acting
in the particular setting.
 2. PLOT
Plot is the story or the course of
events that make up the theme. It is
created by the conflict either internal
(inside the mind of the character) or
external (with other characters or
entities).
Plot may be simple (one plot) or
complex (consisting the interweaving of
many subplots)
 3. CHARACTER
Story takes place because of the behaviour of the
characters.
Characterization is related to the plot as the course of
events take place because of the certain behaviour of the
character.
The important character may have been described in its
every aspects by the writer. The minor characters are not given
much importance.
The reader follows the actions of one main character
throughout the novel. This character is referred to as the
‘protagonist’.
Protagonist (main character) is in conflict with a
character or an entity or a force (internal or external) which is
known as antagonist.
 4. SETTING
Setting is the background in which the
story takes place.
There are several aspects of the setting.
It includes place , period , time , climate or
weather and lifestyle.
Plot and character are the two major
elements that are affected due to setting.
 5. CONFLICT
The struggle between the opposite forces
in the story is called ‘conflict.’
Conflict in the story provides interest
and curiosity about the plot.
The literary purpose of conflict is to
create tension in the story.
The conflict makes the story more
interesting to the readers.
 6. LANGUAGE / STYLE
The language and the techniques used
by the author for the narration of the course
of events is known as the ‘style’.
An author can use extensive vocabulary and high
phrases or he may be laconic and would write on to the
point or he may mix both according to the requirement for
meeting his purpose.
An author of the novel may use linguistic devices to
make the narrative effective.
The language or the style of the novel decides the
‘texture’ of the narration and create an impact on the
readers.
MHT-CET NOTES
 TYPES OF NOVEL
(As given in the text book)

1. Realistic novel
2. Picaresque novel
3. Historical novel
4. Epistolary novel
5. Gothic novel
6. Autobiographical novel
7. Allegorical novel
8. Utopian / Dystopian novel
9. Psychological novel
10. Stream of Consciousness novel
11. ‘Bildungsroman’ novel
 1. REALISTIC NOVEL
The realistic novel is a fiction that gives the effect of
realism.
Sometimes it is also called as a novel of manner.
It is a type of novel that places a strong emphasis on
the truthful representation of the actual in fiction.
It can be characterized by its complex characters
with mixed motives that are rooted in the social class.
The characters in the realistic novel interact with
other characters and undergo plausible and everyday
experiences.
 2. PICARESQUE NOVEL
The word ‘Picaresque’ is originated from the
Spanish word ‘picaro’ which means a rogue
(rascal).
A picaresque novel narrates the adventures
of the protagonist , who is an eccentric or a
disreputable person , in an episodic form.
It depicts the adventures of the rouguish but
‘appealing hero’ of low social class, who lives by
the wits in corrupt society.
 3. HISTORICAL NOVEL

A historical novel is a novel set in a

period earlier than that of the writing.

It attempts to convey the spirit , manners

and social condititions of the past age with
realistic details to historical past.
 4. EPISTOLARY NOVEL

The word ‘epistolary’ derives from the Latin word

‘epistola’ , which means a letter.

The epistolary novel is that in which the

writer presents the narrative through a series of
correspondence or other documents. It is written
as a series of documents.
Diary entries , newspaper clippings are also
a popular forms of this type. Recently blogs and
e-mails have also come into use of this type.
 5. GOTHIC NOVEL
The novel that include terror , horror ,
thriller , supernatural , droom , death or decay or
haunted buildings are called The Gothic novels.

The term gothic fiction refers to a style of

writing that is characterised by elements of fear ,
horror , death and gloom.
6. AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL NOVEL
The autobiographical novel is the novel
based on the life of the author.

The author of this types of novel changes

the places and names of characters or even may
change or avoid certain details of his life. It may
or may not be in the first person narration.
 7. ALLEGORICAL NOVEL
Allegorical means containing a moral or hidden
meaning.

An allegory is a story that bears more than one

level of meaning.

The surface meaning of such novel is different

from the symbolic meaning of it.

The symbolic meaning of an allegory may be

political , religious , historical or philosophical.
8. UTOPIAN / DYSTOPIAN NOVEL
The utopian and dystopian novels are style
of speculative fiction that explore social or
political structures.

It is an imaginary community or society

possessing the ideal qualities. It is a common
literary themes , especially in science fiction or
speculative fiction.
 9. PSYCHOLOGICAL NOVEL
Psychological novel is the work of fiction
that treats the internal life of the protagonist or
even the other characters as much as the external
factors.

It focuses intensively on the interior life of

characters , representing their subjective thoughts
, feeling , memories and desires.
 10. STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS
NOVEL
Stream means flow and consciousness means
thoughts.
Stream of consciousness is a phrase coined by
William James in his treatise ‘Principles of
Psychology’ in 1890. It means the flow of the
thoughts.
The incidents in the plot are in the sequence of
their occurrences. The novelist narrates them as they
enter the mind of the character.
 11. ‘BILDUNGSROMAN’ NOVEL
‘Bildungsroman’ is a german word which
indicates growth.

It is literary genre that focuses on the

psychological and moral growth of the
protagonist from youth to adulthood in which
character change is important.
XI
I-POETI
CAPPRECI
ATI
ON(2.
1TO2.
7)

2.
6 Money

WRI
TEANAPPRECI
ATI
ONOFTHEPOEM CONSI
DERI
NGTHEFOLLOWI
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Aboutt
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2.
5 Fat
herRet
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WRI
TEANAPPRECI
ATI
ONOFTHEPOEM CONSI
DERI
NGTHEFOLLOWI
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POI
NTS:

Aboutt
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poetandt
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Giverespectandtakerespect’
2.
4 Hav
eyouEar
nedy
ourTomor
row

WRI
TEANAPPRECI
ATI
ONOFTHEPOEM CONSI
DERI
NGTHEFOLLOWI
NG
POI
NTS:

Aboutt
hepoem,
poetandt
it
le.

‘
Hav eyouEar nedy ourTomor r
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questi
onst othereader sabouthowt heyspendt hei
rdays.Itisasimpl e
andcommonquest ionaskedbypoet .

Theme/summar
y/gi
stoft
hepoem.

‘
Hav eyouEarnedy ourTomorrow’byEdgarGuestpr esentsanumberof
probi
ngquestionstothereadersabouthowt heyspendt heirday
s.The
themeofthepoem i s–‘Oneshouldconsiderone’sactionsanddeeds
caref
ull
yandpl anaccordi
ngl
yf orabet
terfut
ure’.I
nshor t,
Wehav etodo
somethingf
orbet t
ermentofot her
s.
Poet
icst
yle/l
anguage,
poet
icdev
icesusedi
nthepoem.

Iti
sanI nspirat
ionalpoem.Thepoethasusedsi mplestyl
eandopt imi
sti
c
toneofwr it
ing.Thepoem hasf ourstanzas.Thef ourstanzasare
separatedi ntosetsoff ourl
inesorquat rains.Eachstanzacontai
nsatleast
twoort hr
eequest ions.Thepoethasusedv erysimplelanguage.
Repeat edly,All
it
erationandInterr
ogationf i
guresofspeechar eusedinthi
s
poem.Her e, t
hef i
rstli
neofeachst anzar hymeswi ththesecondlineand
thethirdlinewi t
ht hefourt
hline.Ther hymeschemei saabb. Al lst
anzas
carr
yt hesamef or
m.

Speci
alf
eat
ures/nov
elt
ies/f
ocusi
ngel
ement
s.

Inthispoem t hepoethasusedt hemosti mport

antabstractimageofGod.
Asar eader ,wenoticet hatthepoem i smarkedbyquestionsdirect
edatt he
reader s.Eachst anzacont ainsatleasttwo,sometimesthreequestions.
Thef irststanzabegi nswi thquest i
ons.Thesecondstanzacont i
nuesto
askift her eadergreetedt heirfr
iends.Thethi
rdstanzaisconcernedwi t
h
helpingot hersandgi vinghope.Atendoft hefourt
hstanzat hepoet
advisest hatoneshoul dconsi derhis/
heracti
onscareful
lyifhe/shewants
toseet henextday .

Message/v
alues/mor
alsi
nthepoem.

- Thepoem,HaveyouEarnedyourTomorrow,teachesamor al
lesson.
Themessageofthepoem i
s‘oneshoul
dconsiderone’sacti
onsanddeeds
car
eful
l
yandplanaccordi
ngl
yforabett
erfut
ure’
.Inshortthepoet
emphasizesthatourwor kshouldbehonestf
orot
herssothatt
heywil
l
utt
ersomeki ndwor dsforus.Thepoem gi
vesusavaluabl
emessageof
hope,opti
mism, posit
ivi
ty,
goodwork&honesty.

Youropi
nionaboutt
hepoem.

Iam reall
yinspi
redbyreadingthispoem.Iunderst
oodthati
fyouwor
khard
todayforothersdef
init
elyGodwi l
lgiv
eyoubettertomorr
ow.Iper
sonal
l
y
l
earntthatIhavetowor khardtodayformybettertomorr
ow.Last
lyI
understoodthepri
ncipl
eofl i
fe,
- -
‘
Servicetomani sServi
cetoGod’

2.
3THEI
NCHCAPEROCK

WRI
TEANAPPRECI
ATI
ONOFTHEPOEM CONSI
DERI
NGTHEFOLLOWI
NG
POI
NTS:

Aboutt
hepoem,
poetandt
it
le.

‘
TheInchcapeRock’ isabal l
ad.I
t’sthestoryoftheAbbotofAber brothokt
o
i
nstall
awar ni
ngbellonInchcape,about11mi l
es(18km)of ft
heeastcoast
ofAngus, Scotl
and.Thepoem gi v
esusamessaget hat‘t
hosewhodo
wrongthingswi l
lmeetwi thduepunishment ’
.RobertSoutheywasan
Engli
shpoetoft heRomant i
cschool.Hewasf amoushistor
ian,bi
ographer
,
essayi
standpoet .Hispoemsar ev erypopularwit
htheschool chi
ldren.
Theentir
est orymovesar oundthelegendaryrock.Thusthet i
tl
e-The
I
nchcapeRocki
sver
yapt
.

Theme/summar
y/gi
stoft
hepoem.

Thecentrali
deaoft hepoem isthatthosewhodobadt hingswi
ll
ul
timatel
ybepuni shedoronepay sforonesmisdeed.Evenweknowthat
Evildi
gsapitf
orot hersbutf
all
sint ot
hesame.Inourlif
ewhatgoes
aroundcomesar ound.Soalwaysr emember,asyousowsoshallyoureap.
Thesearethethemesoft hepoem.

Poet
icst
yle/l
anguage,
poet
icdev
icesusedi
nthepoem.

I
tisanar rati
v etypeofpoem, narrat
ingast or
yoft wocharact
er s.I
tisa
l
y r
icalballad.Abal ladistradi
tionall
ysungbyabandofwander ingmusi ci
an.
Thepoem hassev enteenstanzas.Itisasat i
ri
c,seri
ous&adv enturous
poem.Thepoethasusedv er
ysi mplelanguage.Anumberofpoet i
c
dev i
cesar eusedt oconveyamor all
esson,-‘
asyousowsoshal lyoureap’.
All
iterati
on, I
nv ersi
on,Metaphor ,Simil
e,Onomat opoeia,
Repetiti
on,
Apost rophe, Personif
icati
onet c.arethefigur
esofspeechusedi nthis
poem.Her e, fi
rstli
neofeachst anzarhymeswi ththesecondlineandt he
thi
rdlinewi t
ht hefourthli
ne.Ther hymeschemei saabb.Allstanzascarry
thesamef orm.

Speci
alf
eat
ures/nov
elt
ies/f
ocusi
ngel
ement
s.

Thepoethasuseddescr
ipt
iveandnar
rat
ivet
echni
quest
oenhancet
he
eff
ectofthepoem.Thepoem, TheInchcapeRock,provi
desafi
nev erbal
i
mageoft hecalm at
mospher eofthesea,theSun,thewaves,
birds, r
ock,
bel
letc.I
nthiswaytheball
adgl i
desfrom oneinci
denttoanot
herv ery
smoothly
,provi
dingvi
vi
dpi ct
uresofourmi nds.I
tcreat
esthespecial
eff
ectsonthereader
smi nd.

Message/v
alues/mor
alsi
nthepoem.

Thepoem, TheInchcapeRock,teachesamor all

esson.I
tiscall
eda
didacti
cpoem.Thepoem pr ovestheprinci
plet
hatcri
meget sit
sown
punishment.Somessagei sthatwehav etocontr
olouracti
ons,deeds,
anger,emotions&behav iourwit
hot her
s.Other
wiseonedaywewi l
lget
samer eact
ionsf r
om others.Thepoem givesusav al
uablemessageof
wisdom &reality.

Youropi
nionaboutt
hepoem.

Iam real
l
yinspiredbyreadingthispoem.Iunderstoodthecycl
eofact
ion&
i
tsreacti
onv er
ywell.Ipersonall
ylearntnottoharm anyoneorpl
aywi
th
thei
remotions.LastlyIunderstoodtheprinci
pleofli
fe,-

‘
Li
veandl
etl
i
ve’

2.
2 I
NDI
ANWEAVERS
WRI
TEANAPPRECI
ATI
ONOFTHEPOEM CONSI
DERI
NGTHEFOLLOWI
NG
POI
NTS:

Aboutt
hepoem,
poetandt
it
le.

‘
IndianWeav ers’i
sashor tpoem wher et hepoett alksaboutt hreetypesof
garmentt hattheweav er
sweav eatt hreeparti
cul artimesofaday .Each
stanzaoft hepoem r epresentst hethreei mportantev entsofhumanl if
e:
birt
h( chi
ldhood),adulthood( y
oung) ,
anddeat h( old).Sar oj
i
ni Naiduwasa
poli
ticalacti
vist,f
reedom fighter,poetofmoder nI ndia,femini
standf irst
Indi
anwomanwhobecamet hePr esi
dentoft heI ndianNat i
onal Congress.
Sheal soiscal l
ed‘Nighti
ngaleofI ndia’.Thetit
le–‘ IndianWeav er’focuses
ont helif
e/wor kofIndianWeav erscompar edtot hest agesoft hehuman
l
ife.

Theme/summar
y/gi
stoft
hepoem.

Thet hemeorcent ralideaofthepoem is–t hepoettalksaboutthreetypes

ofdr essesthatt heIndianweaversweav eatthethreepart
icul
artimesof
theday .Met aphorical
lyeachtimeanddr essweav edinaparti
cularstageof
l
ife.Eachst ager epresentschi
ldhood,youthandoldage, r
espect
ively.Or
mor eappr opri
ately,birt
h,l
iv
ingli
fe,anddeathappeartohav ebeensignifi
ed
ast hethreest agesoft hecycl
eoflife

Poet
icst
yle/l
anguage,
poet
icdev
icesusedi
nthepoem.
Thepoetaskst hreequest i
onstotheweav er
sandt heyansweraccor di
ngl
y,
toputitsimply.Howev er,i
nthequesti
onsandanswer sli
est he
temperamentoft hepoem.Wef i
ndt hatthepoem hasbeenst r
ucturedina
questi
on-answerpat t
ern.Thepoethasusedv erysimplelanguageinshort
threestanzas.Thepoethasusednumberofpoet i
cdev i
cest oexpressher
i
deasl i
keAl l
it
eration,Simil
e,Metaphor,I
mageryetc.Rhymeschemeoft he
stanzais-aabb, aabb, aabb.

Speci
alf
eat
ures/nov
elt
ies/f
ocusi
ngel
ement
s.

I
nt hi
spoem i mager yhasbeenusedt odescri
bethet hreestagesofhuman
l
ife,f
rom birt
ht odeath,justastheweav ersweavef r
om dawnt onight
.The
poetusest hreemai nstagesbyusi ngsymbolsli
kecl othesandtheti
mesof
theday.Poetusescol our sli
keblue,purpl
eandgr een,white.Gar
ment,
halcyonfeather,r
obes,plumesofpeacock, marr
iagev eil
sofaqueen,
moonl i
ght,cl
oud, f
uneral shr
oudt hesearethesomeoft heexamplesof
i
magi naryusedi nthi
spoem.

Message/v
alues/mor
alsi
nthepoem.

- Themessageofposit
ivi
ty,
opt i
mism isspreadthroughpoem.Li f
eis
ful
lofchal
lenges.Wemustfacet hedif
fi
culti
esandov ercomet hem.We
knowt her
eali
tyofli
feandi
tsthreediff
erentstages.(
childhood,adul
t,ol
d)
Themessageofhope.
 Youropi
nionaboutt
hepoem.

Iam reall
yinspir
edbyr eadi
ngthispoem.Iunder
stoodthecycl
eofli
feand
ever
yl i
vi
ngobj ectonthisear
thhast ogothr
oughthiscycl
eofbir
th,
li
vi
ng
l
ifeanddeat h.Lastl
yIunderstandthat-

‘
Li
fei
sful
loft
wist
sandt
urns’

XI
I 2.
1 SONGOFTHEOPENROAD

Withthehel
pofthef
oll
owi
ngpoi
nts,
wri
teapoet
icappr
eci
ati
onoft
he
poem ‘
Songoft
heOpenRoad.
’

· Aboutt
hepoem /poetandt
het
it
le

Thet
heme·

Poet
icst
yleThel
anguage/poet
icdev
icesusedi
nthepoem

· Speci
alf
eat
ures

Message,
val
ues,
mor
alsi
nthepoem
· Youropi
nionaboutt
hepoem

Aboutt
hepoem,
poetandt
it
le.

‘
Songoft heOpenRoad’ isani nspirat
ionalpoem wit
hamessageof
fr
eedom andanoppor tunit
y.Thispoem i sanode.Thispoem appear edin
oneofthemosti nf
luenti
alpoet r
yt ext
sofal lt
ime,LeavesofGr ass,
The
poem endsonanopt imisti
cnot e.Wal tWhitmanisanAmer i
canpoet .He
wasknownasapoet ,essayist
, ajournali
standteacherbytrade.Bythe,
Tit
le–“SongoftheOpenRoad, t
hepoetcel ebrat
estheopenr oad—its
fr
eedom, i
tschal
lenges,v i
ewsabouti t,
anditsvoyagers.Thispoem isa
cel
ebrati
on,muchlikeanysong.Thust i
tl
eisanapt .

Theme

Freedom, j
oyandopt i
mi sm ar et
hemaj orthemesoft hispoem.Thr oughout
thepoem, thepoetencour agest her eader
st obet r
uetothemselv esand
l
iveaf r
eel i
fe.Althoughhi sli
feisnotf r
eefrom obli
gati
onsandt roubl es,
he
encouragesev er
yonetol iv
et hei
rdr eams, l
eavingtheobstaclesbehi nd.He
understandst hatthekeyt ohappi nessi stobet r
uetohisideals,
hi ssoul,
andhisi nt
ell
igence.Ther efore,t
hepoem est abli
shestheideathatt heearth
offer
susmul tipl
echancest oful
f i
llourdreamswi ththeri
ghtamountof
mot i
vati
onanddet ermination.

Poet
icst
yle/l
anguage,
poet
icdev
icesusedi
nthepoem.
Whitmanopi nedthatapoet ’
sstyleshouldbesi mpleandnat ural
,wi
thout
ort
hodoxmet reorr
hyme, l
ikeanani mal ortreeinharmonywi t
hits
envi
ronment .Thepoem util
izesfreeverse;thel i
nesareunrhy medandof
vary
inglengths.SongoftheOpenRoadi stoldf r
om af i
rstpersonpointof
vi
ewandt hespeaker,per
hapsWhi t
man, knowshi mselfver
ywel l
.The
l
anguagei sv er
ysimpleandst r
aitforward.Thepoethasuseddi f
fer
ent
fi
guresofspeechl i
ke-All
it
erati
on, Metaphor, Repeti
ti
on,Paradoxetc.

Speci
alf
eat
ures

-AsFr eeVersegivesgreaterfr
eedom forchoosingwor dsandconv ey
ing
thei
rmeaningst oreaders,i
tis f r
eefrom art
if
iciali
tyofatypi
calpoeti
c
expressi
on.Thistechniqueiscommonl yusedinmoder npoetr
y.I
tisa
l
iter
arydevicethatisfr
eefrom li
mitat
ionsofregul armetreorr
hythm,does
notrhymewi thfi
xedforms, andsti
lli
tprovi
desanar t
ist
icexpr
ession.

Message/v
alues/mor
alsi
nthepoem.

-Themessageofposi t
ivit
y,opti
mism i
sspr eadthroughpoem.Lifeisfull
of
chall
enges.Wemustf acet hedif
fi
cult
iesandov ercomet hem.Youshould
neverloseyourconfi
dencei nanysi
tuati
on.Themessageofhope-Ther e
aresomanyoppor t
unit
iesinourli
fewehav etot akethoseopport
uniti
es
andbui l
dourlif
e.Ther
ear esomanyway s/roadsinfrontofyou.Select
oneoft hem andgoforward.

Youropi
nionaboutt
hepoem.
Iam real
l
yinspi
redbyreadi
ngthispoem.Ihavelearntfr
om thi
spoem that-
‘
Freedom, j
oyandopti
mism arethemajorpar
tsofourlife’
.Youshoul
dnot
giv
eupunderanyci r
cumstances.Eff
orti
sessentialt
osuccess,nott
ogi v
e
up. Lastl
yIunderst
andthat-

‘
Godhel
pst
hem,
whohel
pthemsel
ves
MHT-CET NOTES