Select Resource List for Discipling x-Ms in Christ (February 2024)

Introduction:
The purpose of this list is to give the reader/or the viewer an introduction to the
great opportunity and challenge of discipling x-Muslims, both men and women, now in
Christ, worldwide. Their contexts vary from, for example, the Gambia, North Africa,
Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia and beyond, and so this compilation cannot and will not
attempt to apply “one-size-fits-all solutions” for these situations.
The resources listed below do not suggest that the compiler has read all of them
and analyzed them theologically. Yet, they represent wisdom from the global church.
This author has not attempted to represent any particular theological persuasion, and
some readers might object to some resources. It is up to the reader to decide if any
wisdom can be gleaned from their studies and whether to read them or not.
This list is a work in progress, as the best practices throughout the globe are being
executed by faithful followers of Christ. Any additional material from solidly theological
sources will be added. On the subject of solidly theological sources, a keen-eyed reader
will notice that as much as possible, methods derived from the Insider Movement
Paradigm have not been included, but it is possible that some authors below have
embraced some of its practices. As well, sources that report on wildly “miraculous” and
massive movements among Muslims have largely been avoided. Many of these studies
have been examined and found wanting. Again, some of the sources below may lean to
those directions.
As one examines the sources, it is possible to note that reference is made to “the
Muslim convert.” Later works avoid this phrase, as it ambiguously could suggest a person
who has converted to Islam and is now a Muslim, or alternatively, a former Muslim who
has turned to Christ. This does not render these works worthless, however.
Another unfortunate phrase is found in one work entitled, “what helps Muslim women
grow in Christ?” This raises issues as to whether this is a Christian or Islamic program,
and whether the author does not see conversion as coming out of Islam, but rather
remaining inside of it as per the Insider Movement Paradigm.
This collection does not pretend to be a substitute for a solidly theological
ecclesiology based on the collective wisdom of the church historical and global. In reality,
the theological question of “what is a church?” needs to be answered before the very
large area of discipleship and one’s new identity in Christ within the context of a church.
Thereafter, the specific area of discipling xMs-in-Christ needs to be investigated. As well,
it touches on articles which respond to questions such as “when shall I tell my Muslim
family that I am now a Christian?” and “when is it right to be baptized as a Christian?”
but serves more as an introduction than a final word.
If a person were to choose only four authors from the list below, I would
recommend Duane Miller, Mark Durie, Don Little and the late Samuel Schlorff. Miller
has wide experience from the Middle East and now is working with ex-Muslims in the
context of growing churches in Spain; Durie formally studied the Acehenese in Indonesia,
is widely published and has learned extensively from discipling ex-Muslim Iranians in
Australia, while Little and Schlorff worked and ministered in North Africa. Miller, Durie
and Schlorff, especially are/were “churchmen” who have solid ecclesiologies and sound
discipleship aspirations. The material from Horizons International/Biblical Missiology is

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very solid and a new initiative entitled ‘Wasla’ or ‘connections’ has just been launched
on You Tube by a convert in Christ from Islam for mutual encouragement. [see link
below]
[where a link is given, the material was available on-line at the time of writing. This
author also has permission to make the St. Francis Magazine material available, and this
can be furnished on request.]
Thank you in advance for your contribution to this data.

Compiled by Dr. John Span

Senior lecturer at Mukhanyo Theological College, Rustenburg, South Africa.

************************************************************************

‘A.H.’ “Discipleship of Muslim Background Believers through Chronological Bible

Storying.” Ministry to Muslim Women: Longing to Call Them Sisters,
Fran Love and Jeleta Eckheart eds., 146–173. Pasadena: William Carey
Library, 2000. This is one of five articles on the discipleship of xM women
In the above collection. Other articles include: “What Helps Muslim women
grow in Christ” by Iliam, pp. 138–145; “Building Community in a Muslim
Background believer Church: A Case Study among Uighur Women” by Anne
Jan Jansen, pp. 191–198.

Ahmad, O. The Church for Muslims: New Faith Community for Converts from Islam. D.
Min. thesis, Asbury Theological Seminary, 2022.

Ajaj, Azar. “Baptism and the Muslim convert to Christianity.” St Francis Magazine 6, no.
4 (2010): 595–611.

Allen, Joel Morris III. “Soteriological Adoption for Muslim Evangelism: Engaging
Muslims with the Trinitarian Love of God.” PhD. Diss., Southeastern Baptist
Theological Seminary, 2019.

Al-Masih, Abd. “Who is Allah in Islam.” Villach: Light of Life, (undated), 1999.
https://info1.sermon-
online.com/english/AbdAlMasih/Who_Is_Allah_In_Islam.pdf

Angeles, Jay, and Danyal Qalb. “Deterring Syncretism: The Use of Orality to Close the
Gap between Formal and Folk Religion.” Journal of Asian Mission 23, no. 2
(2022): 39–63.

Barrineau, Richard Bryan. Technology-Mediated Ministry and Its Implications for Local
Church Discipleship: A Mixed Methods Study. Doctor of Education,
Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2022.

Bearup, Colin. “Reflections on disciple-making.” Unpublished document, 2006.

http://www.rmuller.com/Disciplemaking.pdf

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Bennett, Matthew. “Concerning ecclesiology: Four barriers preventing insider movement
contextualization from producing biblical churches.” Missiology 48, no. 4 (2020):
392–409.

Berhe, Anwar Mehammed. “Conversion from Islam to Christianity among the Arsi
Oromo: Missiological implications for Christian witness.” MA thesis, Africa
International University, 2013.
http://dlibrary.aiu.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/156/Anwar%2
0Berhe.pdf?sequence=1

Bhajjan, Sam V. “Identifying Barriers in the Church's Reception of Muslim Converts.”

Bulletin of Christian Institutes of Islamic Studies 5 (July-December 1982):
92–101.

Biblical Missiology website: https://biblicalmissiology.org/ Multiple articles notably,

“Inside the World of Christians from Muslim Backgrounds” a four-part series by
Dr. Fred Farrokh. Part 1: https://biblicalmissiology.org/blog/2019/02/25/inside-
the-world-of-christians-from-muslim-backgrounds-part-i-tear-down-my-fathers-
altar-encouragement-to-overcome-fear-and-family-disapproval/

Birik, Mahad Hillow. “The Challenges Facing Somali Muslim Background Believers and
their Role in Fostering Christian–Muslim Relations in Eeastleigh Nairobi
County.” PhD diss., St. Paul's University, 2018.
https://repository.spu.ac.ke/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/1091/Mahad%20
Hillow%20Birik.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Brittenden, Patrick. “Towards an appropriate pedagogy for the development of the

Muslim-background Church of Algeria.” PhD diss., University of Oxford, 2018.
https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9464fdd4-e5d7-4375-9715-
a3fca62909fe/download_file?file_format=application%2Fpdf&safe_filename=P
%2BBrittenden%2BDPhil%2BVol%2BI.pdf&type_of_work=Thesis

Brogden, R.F. “Abiding mission: missionary spirituality and disciple making among the
Muslim peoples of Egypt and Northern Sudan.” PhD diss., Assemblies of God
Theological Seminary. Springfield, MO, United States. 2014. Available in print
from Wipf & Stock Publishers, Eugene, OR: 2016.

Chang, Man-Young. “Missiological Perspectives on Assurance of Salvation for

Evangelism by the Bengali Church.” PhD diss., Fuller School of Intercultural
Studies, 2007.

Cheong, John. “The Socio-Religious Identity and Life of The Malay Christians of
Malaysia.” PhD diss., Trinity International University, 2012.

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Chowdhury, D. A. “The Bengal Church and the Convert.” The Muslim World 29, no. 4
(October 1939): 342–350.

Christensen, Jens. Mission to Islam and Beyond: A Practical Theology of Mission.

Blackwood, Australia: New Creation Publications, 2001.

Clark, Douglas F. “Turkish Halk Worship Music: The Muslim-background Believer

Churches of Turkey at Worship in the Language of Their Own People.” PhD
diss., Assemblies of God Theological Seminary at Evangel University, 2014.

Combes, David. “A Critical Discussion of Influences on the Identity Choices Made by

Believers with a Muslim Background in the UK.” St. Francis Magazine 7, no. 5
(Dec 2011): 36–84.

‘C.M.T.’ “Developing Healthy MBB Community: An Analysis of Relationships Between

Muslim Background Believers.” D. Min thesis, Asbury Theological Seminary,
2021.

Da’ud, Abu. Discipling Muslim Background Believers. 2019. 5 Part series.

https://abudaud.com/

Daniels, Gene, Pam Arlund, and Jim Haney, eds. Fruit to Harvest: Witness of God's
Great Work among Muslims. Pasadena, CA: William Carey Publishing, 2019.

das Chagas, Jeferson Firmino. “An Assessment of the Transformation of Contemporary

Arab Believers from a Muslim Background through an Arab Christian Defense
of the Trinity from Early Islamic Periods.” PhD., diss., Southwestern Baptist
Theological Seminary, 2019.

Dikki, Michael Ezra. “A missiological study of Islamic strategies for converting

Christians to Islam and their implications for Christian discipleship: a study of
converts in Kawangware and Embul-bul areas of Nairobi-Kenya.” PhD diss.,
Africa International University, 2013.
https://dlibrary.aiu.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/158

Durie, Mark. Liberty to the Captives. Freedom from Islam and Dhimmitude through the
Cross. 4th edition, Melbourne: Deror Books, 2022.

______. https://markdurie.com/liberty-to-the-captives-3/ [Video presentation]

Eckert, Timothy L. “An investigation into the factors that facilitate or hinder the FulBe of
Benin, Burkina Faso and Niger in believing in Jesus Christ and/or growing in
their Christian faith.” PhD in Intercultural Studies, Trinity International
University, 2016.

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Edwards, Daniel. “Discipleship And Leadership Among BMBs.” St Francis Magazine 10,
no.1 (April 2014): 1–4.

Elbitar, Johnny. “From Conversion to Assimilation: Developing a Missional Ecclesiology

to Retain Converted Muslims to Christ in North America.” PhD diss.,
Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2017.

Emetuche, Damian. “The Challenge of Discipling Muslim Background Believer.” Global

Missiology 2, no. 7 (January 2010): 1–15.
http://ojs.globalmissiology.org/index.php/english/article/view/5/11

Eric, Walter. “Daily Food for New Followers of Jesus.” https://www.life-

challenge.org/product/daily-food-for-new-followers-of-jesus/

Evans, Edward. “Discipling and Training for MBB’s: Part 1: A Growing Need.” Saint
Francis Magazine 2, no. 3 (September 2007): 1–8.
———. “Discipling and Training for MBB’s: Part 2: Program Design.”
Saint Francis Magazine 2, no. 5 (April 2009).
Also in Ministry of Reconciliation, John Stringer ed. Groningen,
Netherlands: Grassroots Mission Publications, 2009: 159–84.

Farrokh, Fred. “A Spiritual Pilgrimage through the Psalms of Ascent.”

https://www.reachingmuslimpeoples.com/_files/ugd/36c06b_7ee56296744c4e47
83e7770a8dc3a152.pdf

Ferguson, Ken. Journey to Maturity: Equipping the New Disciple from a Muslim
Background to Follow Christ.
https://www.reachingmuslimpeoples.com/journey-books

Gairdner, W.H. Temple. “The Christian Church as a Home for Christ’s Converts from
Islam.” Moslem World 14, no. 3 (July 1924): 235–246.

Gendi, Amal Aziz. “Identifying and Addressing Barriers to the Discipleship of Believers
from Muslim Background in the Arabian Peninsula.” PhD diss., Tyndale
University College & Seminary, 2015. Online:
https://digitalcollections.tyndale.ca/handle/20.500.12730/1888

Gholibeigi, Sepideh. “An Examination of Pre-Marital Counseling for Iranian Muslim

Background Believers.” PhD diss., Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary,
2023.

Gilchrist, John. “Caring for the Muslim Convert.” chapter 3 of vol. 2 of Communicating
the Gospel to Muslims, originally Jesus to the Muslims, Benoni, South Africa,
1986. https://www.answering-islam.org/Gilchrist/Vol2/3d.html

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Grandinetti, Marlene R. Reinhold. “Identifying Best Practices for a Missional Approach
to Discipleship in the Church Today.” PhD diss., Trinity International University,
2023.

Green, Timothy. “Come Follow Me” [a discipleship study for x-Ms in Christ from I
Peter]. Version 5.1. Unpublished document, August 2012. African version
available from Life Challenge Africa: https://www.life-
challenge.org/product/come-follow-me/

______.“Issues of Identity for Christians of a Muslim Background in Pakistan.” PhD diss.,

SOAS University of London, 2014.

______. “Identity issues for ex-Muslim Christians, with particular emphasis on

marriage.” St Francis Magazine 8, no. 4 (August 2012): 435–81.

______. & ‘Roxi’. Joining the family: Welcoming Christ’s Followers of Muslim
Background into His Community. London, UK: Kitab, 2016.

Greenlee, David H. “Christian conversion from Islam: Social, cultural, communication,

and supernatural factors in the process of conversion and faithful church
participation.” PhD diss., Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 1996.

______. “Living Out an ‘In Christ’ Identity: Research and Reflections Related to
Muslims Who Have Come to Faith in Jesus Christ.” International
Journal of Frontier Missiology 30, no. 1 (Spring 2013): 5–12.
https://ijfm.org/PDFs_IJFM/30_1_PDFs/IJFM_30_1-Greenlee.pdf

Greenlee, David, ed. Longing for Community: Church, Ummah, Or Somewhere in

Between? Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library, 2013.

Häde, Wolfgang. “Strengthening the Identity of Converts from Islam in the Face of
Verbal Assaults: A Study with the Background of Turkish Society.” Mission
Studies 34, no. 3 (2017): 392–408.
https://www.academia.edu/35456512/Strengthening_the_Identity_of
_Converts_from_Islam_in_the_Face_of_Verbal_Assaults_A_Study_with_the_B
ackground_of_Turkish_Society

Hall, Annette. “Discipling Muslim-Background Believers.” pp. 247–255 in Cynthia A.

Strong and Meg Page (eds), A worldview approach to ministry among Muslim
women. Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library, 2006: Online borrowing:
https://archive.org/details/worldviewapproac0000unse/page/246/mode/2up?view
=theater

Hikma Partnership, UK. https://hikmapartnership.org/en/ “To encourage believers

from a Muslim background (BMBs) to research about our own stories, issues

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 and perspective as a Christian contribution to our contexts and to the world
church…”

Hine, C. “Patronage and Reciprocity: Leveraging aspects of shame and honour in

discipling women followers of Jesus from Islam.” When Women Speak 1, no.1
(2017): 1–14. https://whenwomenspeak.net/wp-
content/uploads/2017/09/DiscipleshipPatronage.pdf

Heinrich, J. C. “‘Shell-Shocked’ Converts.” The Moslem World 18, no. 3 (July 1928):
246–49.

Holliday, G.Y. “On the Support of Converts.” Prt. 1 Moslem World 4, no. 3 (July 1914):
246–250; Part II, pp. 251–254 by George F. Ford; Part III, pp. 255–257 by C.
Nairn.

Horizons Ministry International. “Cubs to Lions Curriculum” [for discipling x-M

believers in Christ] Arabic/English https://www.talmaze.org/cubs-to-lions-
english Multiple You Tube videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xwfLHqHBGg&t=2s

Hunt, James G. “The Loneliness of the Convert.” The Muslim World 8, no. 2 (April 1918):
158–161.

Ismail, Zafar. “The Muslim Convert and the Church.” International Review of Mission 72
no. 287 (July 1983): 385–92.

Jaballah, Basma Dabbour. “Online Discipling of North African Isolated Christians of

Muslim Background.” D. Min., Tyndale University College & Seminary, 2017.

Jah, Lawrence Borbor. Best Practices of Church Planting: A Case Study of ECWA and
Other Churches in the West Coast Region of the Gambia. D. Min. thesis,
Asbury Theological Seminary, 2018.
https://place.asburyseminary.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2266&context=eco
mmonsatsdissertations

Jakada, Yakubu Tanko. “Early Christian Responses to Persecution and Their Implications
for Christians in Northern Nigeria.” Phd. Diss., Asbury Theological Seminary,
2020.

Jester, Jerry Stephen. “Empowered belonging through identity transformation:

Assemblies of God church planting narratives from West Africa since 1990.”
PhD diss., Assemblies of God Theological Seminary, 2014.

Kazura, Bagaramba Jules. “Conversion from Islam to Christianity in Senegal:

missiological implications for church planting.” PhD diss., North-West
University (South-Africa), 2022.

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 https://repository.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/39611/12912751%20Kazur
a%20BJ.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Kim, Enoch J. “Receptor-oriented communication for Hui Muslims in China: With

special reference to church planting.” PhD diss., Fuller Theological Seminary,
School of Intercultural Studies, 2009.

Kim, Eui-Jung. “Study of Factors Contributing to the Growth of the Gajung House
Churches in Indonesia.” PhD diss., Biola University, 2023.

Kim, Sam. “Barriers for Believers in Christ from Muslim Backgrounds: A Case from
North America.” Transformation 40, no. 2 (2023): 169–178. Also see her
“Identity crisis of Jordanian BMB (believer from Muslim background) women at
the beginning phase of new faith.” PhD diss., Asbury Theological Seminary,
2013.
https://place.asburyseminary.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1622&context=eco
mmonsatsdissertations

Kivuva, Jacob M. “The effectiveness of discipleship methods used by the Life Challenges
Africa for discipling of MBBS: its implication to mission.” Master’s in Arts in
Mission, Nairobi Graduate School, 2008.
https://dlibrary.aiu.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/233

Korosi, Peter Dogo. “Muslim Evangelism in Kano state of Nigeria: A case study of
ECWA Churches.” D. Min thesis, Ashbury Seminary, 2007. See pp. 88–97 for a
section of discipleship of converts to Christ.
https://place.asburyseminary.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1529&context=eco
mmonsatsdissertations

Kraft, Kathryn Ann. 2007. “Community and identity among Arabs of a Muslim
background who choose to follow a Christian faith.” PhD diss., University of
Bristol, 2007.

______. “Faith is Lived out in Community: Questions of New Community for Arab
Muslims who have embraced a Christian Faith.” St. Francis Magazine 6, no. 6
(2010): 954–982.

Laban, David. “Sundanese Jesus-Followers Practicing Their Newfound Faith within a

Sundanese Muslim Context.” Doctor of Intercultural Studies, Biola University,
2022.

Leonard, John Sterling. “Oasis: An ethnography of a Muslim convert group in France.”

PhD diss., Trinity International University, 2006.

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Lewis, Christopher. “Looking for Home: Muslim-Background Believers in the U.S.
Struggle to Find Christian Community.” Christianity Today 52, no. 9 (2008):
68–73.

Life Challenge Africa. https://www.life-challenge.org/resources/ For example:

“Welcome Home: Caring for Converts from a Muslim Background.”
https://www.life-challenge.org/product/welcome-home/

Little, Don. Effective Discipling in Muslim Communities. Downers Grove, IL: IVP 2015.
This is a reworking of his thesis: Little, Donald Bruce. “Effective insider
discipling: Helping Arab world believers from Muslim backgrounds persevere
and thrive in community.” D. Min. thesis, Gordon Conwell Theological
Seminary, 2009.

______. “The Living Pyramid of Relational Communal Discipling of BMBs.”

https://www.btdnetwork.org/wp-
content/uploads/BtD%202014/The%20Living%20Pyramid%20of%20Relational
%20Communal%20Discipling%20of%20BMBs%20-%20Don%20Little.pdf

Livingstone, Greg. Planting churches in Muslim cities: A team approach. Grand Rapids,
MI: Baker Academic, 1993.

McVey, Dan. “Hindrances to Evangelistic Growth among Muslim Background Believer

Churches of the ‘Jijimba’ People of West Africa,” pp. 199–214. In From the
Straight Path to the Narrow Way, ed. David Greenlee. Waynesboro: Authentic,
2006.

Malaty, Mounir Sobhy Yacoub. “The Impact of Egyptian Folk Religion on Gospel
Transformation: A Socio-Religious Study of the Mulids (Saints’ Festivals).”
PhD diss., Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2022.

Malik, Saira. Conversion and Identity: the Pastoral Care and Discipleship of Converts in
the Context of the UK. UK: Regnum Books, 2022.

Miller D, Johnstone, P. “Believers in Christ from a Muslim background: a global census.”

Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion 11(2015): 1–19.
https://www.religjournal.com/articles/article_view.php?id=101.

Miller, Duane Alexander. I Will Give Them an Everlasting Name: Pastoral Care for
Christ's Converts from Islam. Augsburg Fortress Publishers, 2021.

______. https://duanemiller.wordpress.com/2021/05/05/address-to-agwm-on-helping-
christians-from-a-muslim-background-mature-in-their-faith/

______.with Mark Durie: “Discipleship, Pastoral Care and Christ’s Converts from Islam”
(2 part videos on You Tube)

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https://duanemiller.wordpress.com/2022/08/27/discipleship-of-christians-from-a-muslim-
background-mark-durie-and-
duane-miller-in-conversation/

Moon, Luke S. “Cases of Comprehensive Disciple-Making (Discipling) in the Workplace

of CAR Muslim Context.” St. Francis Magazine 10, no. 1 (April 2014): 10–16.

Musk, Bill and Duane Miller, “Anglican Contributions to the Church’s Mission to/among
Muslims.” Anglican Compass. (June 2021):1–18.
https://anglicancompass.com/anglican-contributions-to-the-churchs-mission-to-
among-muslims/

Nehemiah, Joseph. “A Contextual and Cultural Adult Education Model for Leadership
Development in the Arab Middle East.” D. Min major project, Trinity
Evangelical Divinity School, 2019.

Nelson, Jeff. “Going Public with Faith in a Muslim Context: Lessons from Esther.”
International Journal of Frontier Missiology 28 no.4 (Winter 2011) 191–194.
http://www.ijfm.org/PDFs_IJFM/28_4_PDFs/IJFM_28_4-
EntireIssue.pdf#page=35

Oksnevad, Roy. “BMB discipleship: An investigation into the factors leading to

disharmony within the Iranian churches in the diaspora.” St Francis Magazine 8,
no. 4 (2012): 397–434. Online:
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=df4aefbd4a64
b447b3c75dd6d58392b644858060

______. The Burden of Baggage: First-generation Issues in Coming to Christ. William

Carey Publishing, 2019.

Osindo, Oscar. “Discipling Muslim Insiders: A Working Framework.” Journal of

Adventist Mission Studies 12, no. 2 (2016): 220–241. Online:
https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1346&context=
jams

Parshall, Phil. “Contextualized Baptism for Muslim Converts.” Missiology: An

International Review 7 (October 1979): 501–15.

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Phillips, H. E. “Should Moslem Converts Unite with the Church?.” The Muslim World 26,
no. 2 (April 1936): 119–126.

Pietzsch, H. Welcome Home: Caring for converts from Islam. Nairobi, Kenya: Life
Challenge Africa, 2004. An abbreviated form of this material is found in
Gerhard Nels and Eric Walter. Practical-Tactical Approach. Nairobi: Life
Challenge Africa, 2009, Section 8.6, 162–167.

Pursley, James J. “Reformed Presuppositional Apologetics: A Biblical, Theological,

Historical, and Practical Model of Discipleship With Believers from a Muslim
Background.” PhD diss., Columbia International University, 2019.
https://www.academia.edu/39636331/REFORMED_PRESUPPOSITIONAL_A
POLOGETICS_A_BIBLICAL_THEOLOGICAL_HISTORICAL_AND_PRAC
TICAL_MODEL_OF_DISCIPLESHIP_WITH_BELIEVERS_FROM_A_MUS
LIM_BACKGROUND

Ravelo-Hoërson, Nicole. “The Persecution by Their Muslim Husbands of Female

Converts in Cape Town: A Case for Mission-shaped Churches and a Missiology
of Suffering.” Mission Studies 34, no. 3 (2017): 369–391. ATLA Database

Reaching Muslims: https://www.reachingmuslimpeoples.com/journey-books Resources

available include Fred Farrokh, Prepare for Persecution: Lessons from Acts;
Journey to Maturity Equipping the New Disciple from a Muslim Background to
Follow Christ.

Register, Ray. “Discipling Middle Eastern believers.” St. Francis Magazine 5, no. 2
(2009): 1–15. Reprinted and expanded in a book-length treatment: Discipling
Middle Eastern Believers. Escondido, CA: Global Educational Advance, 2009.

Saghaey, Kambiz. “Assessing Spiritual Growth and Theological Knowledge Among

Persian-Speaking Muslim Background Believers in the Online Introduction to
Christian Theology Course at Mojdeh Ministry.” PhD diss., Southeastern Baptist
Theological Seminary, 2023.

Saïdi, Farida. A Study of Leadership Styles in the North African Church. PhD diss., Fuller
Theological Seminary, 2011. Published by Langham Monographs, 2013.

Sarang, Kim. “The importance of a beginning stage of discipling MBBs.” St. Francis
Magazine 10, no. 1 (2014): 5–9.

Schlorff, Samuel P., ed. Discipleship in Islamic society. Marseille, France: Ecole Radio
Biblique, 1981. Online: https://missiology.org.uk/pdf/e-books/schlorff_s-
p/discipleship-in-islamic-society_schlorff.pdf

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Scott, Karen. “The “Disconnect” in the Discipleship of South Asian Women: Socio-
Religious Barriers Among-Muslim Background Believers.” In Longing for
Community: Church, Ummah, Or Somewhere in Between?, Edited by David
Greenlee, pp. 181–192, Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library, 2013.

Shaw, Perry WH. “Congregational leadership for growing Arab churches: A critical-
contextual and systemic study of Middle Eastern Arab Protestant churches.”
PhD diss., Asia Graduate School of Theology Alliance, 2012.
https://agstalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Perry-Shaw-EdD-
Dissertation.pdf

Sianturi, Julia. “Understanding the Journeys of Five Indonesian Muslim Background

Believers Who Return to Islam.” PhD diss., Biola University, 2020.

Smith, Phillip. “Discipleship of Muslim background believers in the context of

persecution: A study in North Africa.” D. Min thesis, Trinity Evangelical
Divinity School, 2019.

Strähler, Reinhold. “Conversions from Islam to Christianity in the Sudan.” Master of

Theology in Miss. diss., University of South Africa, 2005.
https://core.ac.uk/reader/43165900

Stricker, Barry, and Nik (pseud) Ripken. “Muslim background believers and baptism in
cultures of persecution and violence,” pp. 155–73. In Missions in contexts of
violence, ed. Keith E. Eitel, Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library, 2007.

Tanifum, Fuhbang Emmanuel. “Toward a Model of Making Disciples of Jesus among

Muslims: Case of the MBororo Muslims of North Wet Region of Cameroon.”
PhD in Intercultural Studies, Cameroon Faculty of Evangelical Theology, 2019.
https://rohifoundationcameroon.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/PhD-
Dissertation.pdf

Tey, Scott K. “A Mother-Daughter Church Multiplication Model in Bangladesh: A

Singapore Missional Church Partnership.” PhD diss., Biola University, 2021.

Totire, Alan. “Immigrant believers from Muslim backgrounds and factors that facilitate a
positive Christian identity.” Missiology 49, no. 3 (2021): 289–299.

______. “An investigation into identity theory as experienced by Muslim background

believers.” PhD diss., Trinity International University, USA, 2015.

Venema, Cornelis P., and Glemar B. Melo. “Chosen out of the World”: Converts from
Islam must Forsake Isalm and Unite with a Local Congregation of Christ.” For
Doctrine of the Church (DS 313) at Mid-America Reformed Serminary, 2016.

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Walsh, Thomas J. “Voices from Christians in Britain with a Muslim Background: Stories
for the British Church on Evangelism, Conversion, Integration and
Discipleship.” MA thesis, Birmingham Christian College, 2005.
http://www.joiningthefamily.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/WalshT-MA-
thesis-Voices-in-Britain.pdf

Warren, Thos J. P. “The Problem of the Convert from Islam.” Moslem World 8, no. 2
(April 1918): 149–57.

‘Wasla.’ A You Tube Channel for connecting and encouraging x-Ms in Christ.
https://www.youtube.com/@WaslaMedia
---“The Battle Between Fear and Love for MBBs.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=268sPCGU9Lw
---“Facing Family Pressure for Christ's Converts from Islam: Part 1”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5EmJmIUAeUg

Whittaker, Sue. “A Turkish Musical Insider Case Study: Liturgy, Self-Identity and
Spiritual Formation.” Doctor of Intercultural Studies, Fuller Theological
Seminary, School of Intercultural Studies, 2019.

Wilson, Harry K. III. “The stigma of baptism in the evangelization of Muslims: An

Historical and Critical Evaluation.” PhD diss., Southwestern Baptist Theological
Seminary, 1995.

Wilson, J. Christy. “Moslem Converts.” Muslim World 34, no. 3 (July 1944): 171–84.

Woodberry, J. Dudley, ed. From Seed to Fruit: Global Trends, Fruitful Practices, and
Emerging Issues among Muslims. 2nd revised and enlarged edition. Pasadena,
CA: William Carey Library, 2011. A collection of articles including:

 John Becker and Eric Simuyu. “The Watering of Discipling.” pp. 103–
113.

Yoon, Sarah. Identity crisis: standing between two identities of women believers from
Muslim backgrounds in Jordan. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2015.

Young, Craig Lewis. Third-Culture Leadership Emergence of Believers of Muslim

Background in Marseille, France. Doctor of Intercultural Studies, Fuller
Theological Seminary, School of Intercultural Studies, 2019.

Additional resources under consideration

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Brown, Dan. “Is Planting Churches in the Muslim World ‘Mission Impossible’?” in
Envisioning Effective Ministry: Evangelism in a Muslim Context, edited by
Laurie Fortunak Nichols and Gary R. Corwin, Wheaton, IL: Evangelism and
Missions Information Service, 2010, pp. 248–52.

Conn, Harvie. “The Muslim Convert and His Culture,” pp. 97–113 In The Gospel and
Islam: A Compendium, edited by Don McCurry. Monrovia, CA: MARC, 1979.

Daniels, Gene. “Fruitful Practices in Sub-Saharan Muslim Africa: Some Recent Research
Findings.” International Journal of Frontier Missiology 32, no. 1 (2015): 37–42.

Ghiz, Michael Joseph. “Towards a Biblical Theology of Mission to Arabic Speaking

Muslims: Lessons from the Evangelical Churches’ Work with Syrian Muslim
Refugees 2011–2014.” D. Min. diss., Acadia Divinity College, 2017.
https://dam-oclc.bac-
lac.gc.ca/download?is_thesis=1&oclc_number=1224180430&id=083b39eb-
dce6-4dc8-b558-d25a7d714898&fileName=file.pdf

Hibbert, Richard Y. “Stagnation and decline following rapid growth in Turkish-speaking

Roma churches in Bulgaria.” PhD diss., Trinity International University, 2008.

______. “Why do they leave? An ethnographic investigation of defection from Turkish-

speaking Roma churches in Bulgaria.” Missiology 41, no. 3 (2013): 315–328.

Kim, Jin Young. “Meaning of Ruh Allah in Islam and Characteristics of Sufism for
Spiritual Formation of Muslim Background Believers.” Muslim-Christian
Encounter 16, no. 1 (2023): 93–130.

Kim, Jong Kuk. “Mission strategy for the Javanese church of tomorrow in the province of
Yogyakarta.” PhD diss., School of Intercultural Studies, Biola University, 2004.

McCurry, Don M. “Cross-cultural models for Muslim evangelism.” Missiology 4, no. 3

(1976): 267–283.

Nichols, Laurie Fortunak & Gary R. Corwin, eds., Envisioning effective ministry :
evangelism in a Muslim context EMQ Monograph 2. Wheaton, IL: EMIS, 2010.

Porter, G. F. “Church Planting Practices among Muslim and Druze Communities in the
Near East: A Conversation about Mission in the Light of the Early Church.”
PhD diss., Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 2018.
https://research.vu.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/69433377/complete+dissertation.pdf

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