CITY DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN

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City Disaster Risk Reduction

and Management Plan of
Santa Rosa, Laguna
City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan of Santa Rosa, Laguna
Table of Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................................... iv
Chapter 1 Rationale and Policy Context ......................................................................... 1
1.1 Rationale ............................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Policy Context ........................................................................................................... 2
Chapter 2 Planning Process ............................................................................................... 4
2.1 Situational Analysis .................................................................................................... 5
2.1.1 Objectives of the Analysis ............................................................................. 5
2.1.2 Process............................................................................................................ 5
2.1.3 Target Outputs ............................................................................................... 8
2.2 Setting the Vision Statement .................................................................................... 9
2.1.1 Objectives of the Vision Statement............................................................ 11
2.1.2 Target Outputs ............................................................................................. 11
2.3 Identification of Key Outputs, Activities, Timeframe, Lead Office, and Budgeting
12
2.4 Monitoring and Evaluation ..................................................................................... 16
Chapter 3 City Profile ....................................................................................................... 20
3.1 Brief History ............................................................................................................... 20
3.2 Geophysical Characteristics .................................................................................. 22
3.2.1 Location............................................................................................................. 22
3.2.2 Land Area and Political Subdivision ................................................................ 23
3.2.3 Land Classification ............................................................................................ 24
3.3 Geological Features ............................................................................................... 28
3.3.1 General Geology .............................................................................................. 28
3.3.2 Geologic Structure ........................................................................................... 28
3.3.3 Topography and Slope .................................................................................... 28
3.4 Soil............................................................................................................................. 33
3.5 Population and Social Services .............................................................................. 35
3.5.1 Population ......................................................................................................... 35
3.5.2 Education .......................................................................................................... 36
3.5.3 Health and Sanitation....................................................................................... 36
3.5.4 Social Services ................................................................................................... 36
3.5.5 Solid Waste and Wastewater Facilities............................................................ 36
3.6 Local Economy........................................................................................................ 37
3.7 Physical Base and Infrastructure ............................................................................ 37
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3.7.1 Existing Land Use ............................................................................................... 37

3.7.2 Existing Urban Land Use .................................................................................... 43
3.7.3 Inventory of Roads and Bridges ....................................................................... 47
3.8 Institutional Structure ............................................................................................... 50
Chapter 4 Risk Profile ........................................................................................................ 52
4.1 Role of Local Disaster Risk Profile in CDRRM Planning .......................................... 52
4.2 Records of Previous Disasters.................................................................................. 53
4.3 Hazard Inventory ..................................................................................................... 59
4.5 Hazards .................................................................................................................... 60
4.5.1 Flood .................................................................................................................. 60
4.5.2 Rain-Induced Landslide ................................................................................... 60
4.5.3 Groundshaking.................................................................................................. 61
4.5.4 Earthquake-induced Landslide ....................................................................... 61
4.5.5 Liquefaction ...................................................................................................... 66
4.5.6 West Valley Fault Line ....................................................................................... 67
4.6 Exposure ................................................................................................................... 70
4.6.1 Population ......................................................................................................... 70
4.6.2 Natural Resources-based Production Areas .................................................. 78
4.6.3 Urban Use Areas................................................................................................ 85
4.6.4 Critical Point Facilities ....................................................................................... 92
4.6.5 Lifeline Utilities .................................................................................................... 99
4.7 Vulnerability ........................................................................................................... 106
4.7.1 Risk and Vulnerability Assessment.................................................................. 106
4.8 Capacity ................................................................................................................ 140
Chapter 5 Situational Analysis: Identifying SWOC for the Four DRRM Thematic Areas
......................................................................................................................................... 143
5.1 SWOC Analysis ....................................................................................................... 143
5.1.1 Disaster Prevention and Mitigation .......................................................... 143
5.1.2 Disaster Preparedness ............................................................................... 145
5.1.3 Disaster Response ...................................................................................... 146
5.1.4 Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery ...................................................... 147
Chapter 6 Thematic Area Plan (per thematic Area) .................................................. 150
6.1 DRRM Vision ........................................................................................................... 150
6.2 Goals, Objectives, and Outcomes ...................................................................... 151
6.2.1 Disaster Prevention and Mitigation ............................................................... 151
6.1.2 Disaster Preparedness ............................................................................... 155
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6.1.3 Disaster Response ...................................................................................... 161

6.1.4 Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery ...................................................... 168
Chapter 7 Monitoring and Evaluation .......................................................................... 174
7.1 Disaster Prevention and Mitigation ...................................................................... 175
7.2 Disaster Preparedness ........................................................................................... 181
7.3 Disaster Response .................................................................................................. 187
7.4 Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery ................................................................. 197
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List of Tables
Table 1. Lead Government Agencies and Their Functions ............................................. 3
Table 2. DRRM Thematic Areas and Scope...................................................................... 7
Table 3. Sample SWOC Analysis ........................................................................................ 9
Table 4. Sample Output for Step Three ........................................................................... 12
Table 5. Sample Output for Step Four ............................................................................. 16
Table 6. Key Components of M&E Plan .......................................................................... 17
Table 7. Administrative Boundary of Santa Rosa, Laguna ............................................ 24
Table 8. Total Population, Household Population, and No. of Households by
barangay of Santa Rosa, 2020 ........................................................................................ 35
Table 9. Existing Land Use of Santa Rosa, Laguna, 2020 ............................................... 38
Table 10. Existing Urban Use of Santa Rosa, Laguna ..................................................... 43
Table 11. Records of Previous Disasters in Santa Rosa, Laguna .................................... 55
Table 12. Hazard Inventory Matrix of Santa Rosa, Laguna ........................................... 59
Table 13. Flood Susceptibility of the different barangays of Santa Rosa, Laguna....... 60
Table 14. Rain-induced Landslide Susceptibility of the different barangays of Santa
Rosa, Laguna .................................................................................................................... 61
Table 15. Groundshaking Susceptibility of Santa Rosa, Laguna ................................... 61
Table 16. Earthquake-induced Landslide Susceptibility of the different barangays of
Santa Rosa, Laguna ......................................................................................................... 62
Table 17. Liquefaction Susceptibility of the different barangays of Santa Rosa,
Laguna .............................................................................................................................. 66
Table 18. West Valley Fault Line Susceptibility of Barangays of Santa Rosa, Laguna . 67
Table 19. SWOC Analysis for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation ............................... 144
Table 20. SWOC Analysis for Disaster Preparedness .................................................... 146
Table 21. SWOC Analysis for Disaster Response ........................................................... 147
Table 22. SWOC Analysis for Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery ........................... 148
Table 23. Goals, Objectives, and Outcomes for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation151
Table 24. Programs, Projects, and Activities for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation . 153
Table 25. Goals, Objectives, and Outcomes for Disaster Preparedness .................... 156
Table 26. Programs, Projects, and Activities for Disaster Preparedness...................... 157
Table 27. Goals, Objectives, and Outcomes for Disaster Response........................... 161
Table 28. Programs, Projects, and Activities for Disaster Response ............................ 162
Table 29. Goals, Objectives, and Outcomes of the Disaster Rehabilitation and
Recovery ......................................................................................................................... 169
Table 30. Programs, Projects, and Activities for the Disaster Rehabilitation and
Recovery ......................................................................................................................... 170
Table 31. Monitoring and Evaluation for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation PPAs ... 176
Table 32. Monitoring and Evaluation for Disaster Preparedness PPAs........................ 182
Table 33. Monitoring and Evaluation for Disaster Response PPAs .............................. 188
Table 34. Monitoring and Evaluation for Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery PPAs
......................................................................................................................................... 198
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List of Maps
Map 1. Location Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ............................................................... 25
Map 2. Barangay Boundary Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ............................................ 26
Map 3. Land Classification Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna .............................................. 27
Map 4. Topographic Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ........................................................ 29
Map 5. Rock Type Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ............................................................ 30
Map 6. Slope Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna .................................................................... 31
Map 7. Elevation Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna .............................................................. 32
Map 8. Soil Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ........................................................................ 34
Map 9. Existing Land Use Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ................................................. 44
Map 10. Existing Urban Use Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna .............................................. 45
Map 11. General Land Use Plan Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna, 2021-2030 .................. 46
Map 12. Inventory of Roads in Santa Rosa, Laguna ...................................................... 48
Map 13. Inventory of Bridges in Santa Rosa, Laguna .................................................... 49
Map 14. Flood Susceptibility Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ............................................ 58
Map 15. Rain-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna .................................... 63
Map 16. Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna .................................................. 64
Map 17. Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna........................ 65
Map 18. Liquefaction Susceptibility Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ................................ 68
Map 19 West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ....................................... 69
Map 20. Population Exposure to Flood Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna .......................... 72
Map 21. Population Exposure to Rain-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
........................................................................................................................................... 73
Map 22. Population Exposure to Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna .......... 74
Map 23. Population Exposure to Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa,
Laguna .............................................................................................................................. 75
Map 24. Population Exposure to Liquefaction Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna............... 76
Map 25. Population Exposure to West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna 77
Map 26. Natural Resources-based Production Areas Exposure to Flood Map of Santa
Rosa, Laguna .................................................................................................................... 79
Map 27. Natural Resources-based Production Areas Exposure to Rain-induced
Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ........................................................................... 80
Map 28. Natural Resources-based Exposure Map of Groundshaking Map of Santa
Rosa, Laguna .................................................................................................................... 81
Map 29. Natural Resources-based Production Exposure to Earthquake-induced
Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ........................................................................... 82
Map 30. Natural Resource-based Exposure to Liquefaction Map of Santa Rosa,
Laguna .............................................................................................................................. 83
Map 31. Natural Resources-based Production Areas Exposure to West Valley Fault
Line Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ................................................................................... 84
Map 32. Urban Use Areas Exposure to Flood Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ................. 86
Map 33. Urban Use Areas Exposure to Rain-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa,
Laguna .............................................................................................................................. 87
Map 34. Urban Use Areas Exposure to Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna 88
Map 35. Urban Use Areas Exposure to Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of Santa
Rosa, Laguna .................................................................................................................... 89
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Map 36. Urban Use Exposure to Liquefaction Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ................ 90
Map 37. Urban Use Exposure to West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna. 91
Map 38. Critical Point Facilities Exposure to Flood Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna......... 93
Map 39. Critical Point Facilities Exposure to Rain-induced Landslide Map of Santa
Rosa, Laguna .................................................................................................................... 94
Map 40. Critical Point Facilities Exposure to Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa,
Laguna .............................................................................................................................. 95
Map 41. Critical Point Facilities Exposure to Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of
Santa Rosa, Laguna ......................................................................................................... 96
Map 42. Critical Point Facilities Exposure to Liquefaction Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
........................................................................................................................................... 97
Map 43. Critical Point Facilities Exposure to West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa,
Laguna .............................................................................................................................. 98
Map 44. Lifeline Utilities Exposure to Flood Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ................... 100
Map 45. Lifeline Utilities Exposure to Rain-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa,
Laguna ............................................................................................................................ 101
Map 46. Lifeline Utilities Exposure to Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna... 102
Map 47. Lifeline Utilities Exposure to Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of Santa
Rosa, Laguna .................................................................................................................. 103
Map 48. Lifeline Utilities Exposure to Liquefaction Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ....... 104
Map 49. Lifeline Utilities Exposure to West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa,
Laguna ............................................................................................................................ 105
Map 50. Population Risk to Flood Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna .................................. 108
Map 51. Population Risk to Rain-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ... 109
Map 52. Population Risk to Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa,
Laguna ............................................................................................................................ 110
Map 53. Population Risk to Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ................. 111
Map 54. Population Risk to Liquefaction Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ...................... 112
Map 55. Population Risk to West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna....... 113
Map 56. Natural Resources Risk to Flood Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ..................... 115
Map 57. . Natural Resources Risk to Rain-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa,
Laguna ............................................................................................................................ 116
Map 58. . Natural Resources Risk to Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of Santa
Rosa, Laguna .................................................................................................................. 117
Map 59. . Natural Resources Risk to Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ... 118
Map 60. Natural Resources Risk to Liquefaction Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ........ 119
Map 61. Natural Resources Risk to West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
......................................................................................................................................... 120
Map 62. Urban Use Risk to Flood Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ................................... 122
Map 63. Urban Use Risk to rain-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ..... 123
Map 64. Urban Use Risk to Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa,
Laguna ............................................................................................................................ 124
Map 65. Urban Use Risk to Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna .................. 125
Map 66. Urban Use Risk to Liquefaction Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ....................... 126
Map 67. Urban Use Risk to West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ........ 127
Map 68. Critical Point Facilities Risk to Flood Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ................ 129
Map 69. Critical Point Facilities Risk to Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of Santa
Rosa, Laguna .................................................................................................................. 130
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Map 70. Critical Point Facilities Risk to Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna 131
Map 71. Critical Point Facilities Risk to Liquefaction Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna .... 132
Map 72. Critical Point Facilities Risk to West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa,
Laguna ............................................................................................................................ 133
Map 73. Lifeline Utilities Risk to Flood Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ............................ 135
Map 74. Lifeline Utilities Risk to Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa,
Laguna ............................................................................................................................ 136
Map 75. Lifeline Utilities Risk to Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ............ 137
Map 76. Lifeline Utilities Risk to Liquefaction Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna ................ 138
Map 77. Lifeline Utilities Risk to West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna . 139
List of Figures
Figure 1. Four (4) Thematic Areas of DRRM ...................................................................... 1
Figure 2. National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework ................... 2
Figure 3. CDRRMP Planning Process .................................................................................. 4
Figure 4. SWOC Analysis Matrix .......................................................................................... 6
Figure 5. Risk Assessment Report by World Bank ............................................................ 53
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PREFACE
The Philippines is located along the Pacific typhoon belt and the CircumPacific Belt has
made it susceptible to various geological and coastal hazards. Over the last decade,
earthquakes, landslides, typhoons, and storm surges continue to devastate the country and
cause severe impacts on the lives of Filipinos in unprecedented ways. Billions of damages have
been incurred and millions of families have suffered due to loss and displacement.
The City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (CDRRMC), the primary
government agency tasked with disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM), plays a
crucial role in ensuring the safety and well-being of Santa Rosa population. It implements the
City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (CDRRMP), a comprehensive framework
for organizing and coordinating efforts related to disaster management in the city. It aims to
effectively address the challenges posed by various types of disasters, including natural
hazards and other emergencies. Through the plan, the council seeks to establish a systematic
approach to disaster management that encompasses all DRRM thematic areas, namely
prevention and mitigation, preparedness, response, and rehabilitation and recovery. The
CDRRMP outlines the objectives and strategies that guide the council's actions towards DRRM.
However, it is imperative to develop a specialized plan that specifically targets the detrimental
effects of hazards at the local level, considering the unique requirements and circumstances.
The CDRRMP serves as a comprehensive and essential framework for the effective
implementation of the DRRM system in the city of Santa Rosa. It provides a detailed and
systematic approach to address the various aspects of DRRM within the city. The CDRRMP
encompasses a wide range of strategies, policies, and actions that aim to enhance the city’s
resilience. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders, including
government agencies, local communities, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the
implementation of DRRM initiatives. The analysis conducted in the plan encompasses an
examination of various hazards that the city is susceptible to, considering the specific
characteristics and impacts of each hazard. This includes a thorough assessment of the Santa
Rosa’s level of exposure to various hazards as well as an evaluation of the city’s vulnerability.
The multi-hazard approach ensures that all potential risks are considered and accounted for
in the analysis.
The CDRRMP is developed using a participatory planning process that draws in the
active involvement of key stakeholders. This ensures that the plan incorporates diverse
perspectives and considers the interests and concerns of various individuals and groups. The
CDRRMP is designed to be proactive, aiming to address disaster risks and challenges in the
long term. It includes a range of initiatives that align with the goals and priorities outlined in the
NDRRMP. By aligning with the national plan, the CDRRMP ensures coherence and synergy with
broader disaster risk reduction efforts at the national level.
This plan is composed of six (6) chapters. In Chapter 1, the CDRRMP provides an
overview of its general direction by discussing the disaster risk situation in Santa Rosa and the
implementation of the Republic Act No. 10121 (RA 10121) or the Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Act of 2010 as well as the plan’s legal framework. Chapter 2
presents a review of the planning process that has been undertaken to formulate the CDRRMP.
In Chapter 3, a brief profile of the city of Santa Rosa is presented. The chapter aims to provide
an understanding of Santa Rosa’s socio-economic profile, including its geographical location,
historical background, and development sectors such as infrastructure, education, and public
health. In Chapter 4, the local disaster risk profile of the city is discussed. This profile delves into
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various aspects, including the exposure database, local hazards, and the assessment of risk
and vulnerability for each hazard within the city. Chapter 5 focuses on the DRRM plan. This
chapter provides a comprehensive list of the strategies that are essential to effectively address
and mitigate the impacts of hazards and disasters. Chapter 6 discusses monitoring and
evaluation (M&E) methods in the context of DRRM. The chapter likewise explores the gender-
inclusive process of systematically extracting data from existing DRRM policies and programs.
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1
CHAPTER 1 RATIONALE AND POLICY CONTEXT
1.1 Rationale
The Philippines is an archipelagic country located in Southeast Asia. It is situated in the
Western Pacific Ocean and is composed of 7,641 islands, making it one (1) of the largest
archipelagos in the world. The country boasts various physical features, which include islands,
mountain ranges, plateaus, plains, valleys, rivers, and coastlines (UNDP, 2020). Regarding its
climate, the Department of Science and Technology Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical,
and Astronomical Services Administration (DOST-PAGASA) classified the Philippines’ as tropical
and maritime, exhibiting a diverse range of climatic types based on rainfall distribution across
the country (2018). The country’s tropical climate plays a crucial role in supporting its natural
environment, particularly in fostering rainforests and abundant vegetation as the climate is
highly conducive to the growth of diverse and lush flora. The Philippines possesses rich natural
resources and exhibits favorable agricultural and industrial development conditions, owing to
its climatic, geologic, and geographic characteristics. These factors collectively contribute to
the country's overall viability and potential for economic growth. However, despite the
numerous advantages that the country possesses, the same features also expose the
Philippines to a significantly high number of natural hazards. These hazards include but are not
limited to tropical cyclones, storm surges, floods, droughts, landslides, and earthquakes, which
occur consistently throughout the year.
According to the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR, 2016),
at least 60% of the country’s land area is susceptible to natural hazards. On average, the
Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) experiences approximately 20 typhoons annually. These
typhoons are predominantly formed during the period from July to October, accounting for
approximately 70% of the total typhoon occurrences. It is worth noting that out of the 20
typhoons, around eight (8) to nine (9) of them directly traverse the Philippine archipelago.
These typhoons bring a range of destructive weather conditions, including strong winds,
intense storms, and prolonged episodes of flooding. These adverse effects have significant
implications for the Philippines and its population as they result in significant socio-economic
consequences and the loss of human life. Storm surges, another natural hazard, pose a
significant threat to low-lying communities in the Philippines. These hazards are characterized
by an abnormal rise in water levels and are caused by the intense winds and low atmospheric
pressure associated with typhoons. PAGASA has identified storm surges as a major concern for
the country. These surges can result in devastating flooding, leading to loss of life, damage to
infrastructure, and displacement of communities.
The Philippines likewise experiences a significant number of earthquakes on a daily

basis due to the presence of numerous active faults in the region. These seismic events are
primarily characterized by relatively low energy releases. Powerful earthquakes, with their high
magnitude and intensity, have the potential to induce various hazardous phenomena. These
hazards encompass ground rupture, ground shaking, and liquefaction, as identified by the
Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
(DOST-PHIVOLCS, n.d.-a). These destructive forces significantly impact the stability and integrity
of structures, potentially leading to their complete destruction.
The occurrence of frequent seismic activities throughout the country exposes

numerous coastal settlements to the potential threat of tsunamis (DOST-PHIVOLCS, n.d.-b).
Landslides frequently coincide with the devastating impacts of typhoons and earthquakes,
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particularly in regions characterized by rugged terrain. These occurrences have been found
to heighten the probability of inducing volcanic eruptions in active volcanoes within the
country. Volcanic hazards pose a significant risk to both public safety and livelihood,
necessitating the implementation of costly evacuation measures for residents residing in areas
vulnerable to various volcanic phenomena such as ashfall, lava flows, lahar, and fissures
(DOST-PHIVOLCS, n.d.-c). The Philippines has experienced notable volcanic events in recent
years, with two (2) significant eruptions being the Mayon eruption in early 2018 and the Taal
eruption in early 2020. These eruptions resulted in the displacement of nearby populations and
inflicted extensive damage to properties in the affected areas.
The occurrence of disasters in the Philippines has significant implications for both the
country's economy and the livelihoods of its population. Most Filipinos are engaged in primary
sector activities such as farming, fishing, and forestry, which heavily rely on natural
environments. Disasters such as typhoons, earthquakes, and floods, disrupt the normal
functioning of these primary sector activities. For instance, agricultural lands may be flooded
or destroyed by strong winds, rendering them unfit for cultivation. Similarly, fishing communities
may face challenges due to the destruction of fishing grounds or damage to fishing
equipment. The forestry sector may also suffer from the loss of valuable timber resources and
damage to forest ecosystems. The disruption of these primary sector activities has far-reaching
consequences for the Philippine economy as agriculture is a significant contributor to the
country's gross domestic product and a major source of employment in the provinces. When
agricultural production is hampered by disasters, it leads to reduced income for farmers and
fisherfolks, decreased food supply, and increased prices for consumers.
1.2 Policy Context

The Philippines has implemented a range of measures aimed at enhancing its capacity
to effectively respond to existing disasters and anticipated climate change impacts. These
initiatives reflect the country's commitment to addressing the challenges posed by natural
hazards and the need for sustainable development. One (1) notable development in the field
of DRRM is the enactment of RA 10121. This legislation was introduced to bolster the existing
strategies and programs that are integral to the comprehensive DRRM system in the country.
The primary objective of RA 10121 is to strengthen and improve the overall framework of DRRM
in the Philippines. This legislation recognizes the importance of a proactive and holistic
approach to disaster management, encompassing all phases of the disaster management
cycle, namely prevention and mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. RA 10121
emphasizes the need for a coordinated and integrated approach to DRRM at all levels, from
the national government down to the local communities. It underscores the importance of
collaboration and cooperation among various stakeholders, including government agencies,
NGOs, civil society organizations (CSOs), and the private sector. This multi-sectoral approach
is crucial in ensuring the efficient allocation of resources, the sharing of expertise, and the
effective implementation of DRRM initiatives. Table 1 shows the lead government agencies
and their functional roles in DRRM.
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Table 1. Lead Government Agencies and Their Functions

Lead National Government Agency Function and Thematic Area
Department of National Defense (DND) Head of the CDRRMC
Department of Science and Technology Head for Prevention and Mitigation
(DOST)
Department of the Interior and Local Head for Preparedness
Government (DILG)
Department of Social Welfare and Head for Response
Development (DSWD)
National Economic Development Authority Head for Rehabilitation and Recovery
(NEDA)
Source: RA 10121, 2010
In addition to the mandates set forth by RA 10121 and CDRRMP, the legal framework
of the DRRM system in the Philippines is further fortified by various local laws that serve to
strengthen and enhance the city’s operational capacities. Through RA 7160 or the Local
Government Code of 1991, the national government enlists the support and assistance of LGUs
in delivering effective public service. LGUs are bestowed with powers, authority, responsibilities,
and resources to promote the general welfare and fulfill the priority needs and service
requirements of their constituents (1991). They are likewise granted the responsibility of
managing and maintaining an ecological balance within their territorial jurisdiction, promoting
health and safety, and ensuring the public’s comfort and convenience. Furthermore, Sec. 12
of Chapter 2 enumerates the basic services and facilities that must be accomplished by LGUs.
The clause includes the provision of municipal roads and bridges, health centers and health
facilities, dikes, drainage and sewerage, and flood control.
RA 9729, also known as the Climate Change Act of 2009, is a legislative measure that
plays a significant role in enhancing the DRRM system in Santa Rosa. This law introduces the
crucial element of climate change adaptation (CCA) into various government programs and
policies (2009). By incorporating CCA principles, the legislation intends to address the
challenges posed by climate change and its impacts on the country's vulnerability to disasters.
This inclusion underscores the government's recognition of the need to proactively respond to
changing climate conditions and develop strategies that promote resilience and sustainability.
The Climate Change Act of 2009 thus serves as a vital framework for integrating CCA
considerations into the overall DRRM efforts of the Philippines. One (1) of the significant
advancements brought about by RA 9729 is the establishment of the Climate Change
Commission (CCC). The CCC is an independent and prominent governmental body that
operates under the Office of the President at the national level. The Commission, as mandated
by RA 9729, is responsible for formulating and implementing policies, plans, and programs that
address the challenges posed by climate change. It serves as the primary coordinating and
policy-making body for climate change-related initiatives in the country. Additionally, the
agency is also mandated to develop the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP). It
provides a cohesive and coordinated approach to addressing climate change issues in the
Philippines.
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The Philippine DRRM system is likewise aligned with international principles and
guidelines, such as those outlined in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, the Paris
Agreement on Climate Change, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). These global
frameworks emphasize the importance of integrating DRRM and CCA into national
development plans and policies, promoting multi-stakeholder collaboration, and enhancing
the resilience of communities and ecosystems. The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-
2015, also known as "Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters," is a
globally recognized international framework that was unanimously adopted by 167 nations,
including the Philippines. This significant agreement was reached during the World Conference
on Disaster Reduction, which took place in Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. The HFA aims
to enhance the capacity of nations and communities to effectively respond to and recover
from disasters. Its adoption signifies a collective commitment by participating nations to
prioritize disaster risk reduction and resilience-building efforts. HFA plays a crucial role in
supporting nations to enhance their resilience and effectively manage the various hazards
that exist within their territories. One (1) of the key priorities of the HFA is to ensure the
incorporation of various demographic factors, such as age, income, and education, into the
planning and implementation of DRRM strategies. This includes recognizing the importance of
considering gender perspectives and cultural diversity in these efforts. In addition, the
framework also emphasizes the establishment and enhancement of people-oriented early
warning systems. These systems aim to effectively alert individuals and communities about
potential hazards and risks, enabling them to take timely and appropriate actions to mitigate
the impact of such events. By focusing on the needs and concerns of the people, these early
warning systems strive to ensure the safety and well-being of the community. Furthermore, the
framework recognizes the significance of accessible education and training measures for the
community. It emphasizes the importance of providing educational opportunities and
resources that are readily available and easily understandable to all members of the
community. This includes promoting inclusive and equitable access to education and training
programs, particularly for vulnerable and marginalized groups.
In 2009, the Philippines ratified the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and
Emergency (AADMER). This agreement, which is part of the broader ASEAN framework, aims
to enhance regional cooperation and collaboration in managing and responding to disasters
and emergencies. By ratifying AADMER, the Philippines has demonstrated its commitment to
strengthening disaster management efforts within the ASEAN region. This agreement serves as
a platform for member countries to exchange knowledge, share best practices, and
coordinate disaster efforts, ultimately contributing to the overall resilience of the ASEAN
community. The regional policy framework, as stated by the NDRRMC, is in accordance with
the HFA and has been employed in the Philippines to guide the implementation of a specific
Work Programme (2020).
The expansion of DRRM across all administrative levels and initiatives, as well as the
development of CDRRMPs and the streamlining of Republic Act 10121, is guided by the
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework (NDRRMF). The CDRRMF serves
as the primary model for a “comprehensive, all hazards, multi-sectoral, inter-agency, and
community-based approach to disaster risk reduction and management” (NDRRMC, 2013).
The framework places significant emphasis on the concept of sustainability, particularly in
relation to the recognition and understanding of the indispensable role played by the
CDRRMC in the process of planning. The framework also highlights the significance of the four
(4) thematic areas of DRRM in mainstreaming DRRM and CCA standards (Figure 1). All DRRM
plans are intended to be integrated into society. These plans must adhere to the standards
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established by the NDRRMF. Each DRRM plan is specifically crafted to serve as a tool for
advancing the various objectives outlined within the framework.
Figure 1. Four (4) Thematic Areas of DRRM
The primary goal of the LDRRMF is to establish “safer, more adaptive, and more disaster-
resilient communities in the Philippines that contribute to sustainable development” This vision,
as stated by the NDRRMC and Office of Civil Defense (OCD) in 2020, emphasizes the proactive
approach of enhancing disaster resilience, effectively managing risks, and reducing
vulnerability. By adopting a proactive mindset, it aims to shift the focus from reactive measures
to proactive strategies that mitigate the impact of disasters. This involves implementing
measures that enhance the capacity of communities to withstand and recover from various
hazards. This recognizes the importance of building adaptive communities that can effectively
respond to changing environmental conditions and emerging risks. The framework comprises
two (2) primary components, as illustrated in Figure 2. The first component of the framework
illustrates the spiral transition, progress, and achievement of the existing structure in relation to
the resilience goals in the plan. This highlights the significance of DRRM in various levels of
government development. It also emphasizes the necessity of integrating DRRM into the daily
decision-making processes within communities. The second component of the framework
demonstrates its evolution and adjustment, highlighting several key aspects. These include the
recognition of the importance of risk and the adoption of an all-hazards approach.
Additionally, the framework incorporates risk governance, placing an emphasis on
strengthening resilience. It also emphasizes the need for coherence and mutual reinforcement
of strategies among various actors and across different thematic pillars. Lastly, the framework
adopts the four (4) priorities for action outlined in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction (NDRRMC and OCD, 2020).
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Figure 2. National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework
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CHAPTER 2 PLANNING PROCESS
The CDRRMP provides comprehensive information about the level of exposure and
vulnerability of LGUs to different types of hazards. By conducting a detailed analysis of the
exposure and vulnerability factors, LGUs can better understand the specific challenges that
they may encounter during hazardous events. The CDRRMP likewise serves as a strategic road
map that aligns with the NDRRMF. It implements a planning process that considers the unique
situations and experiences of localities. This approach ensures that the plan is tailored to the
specific needs and characteristics of local communities, enabling effective DRRM strategies
to be implemented. By considering the context of the city of Santa Rosa and drawing on the
knowledge and insights of its residents, the plan aims to enhance the city’s resilience and
ability to respond to and recover from disasters. The inputs provided by various stakeholders,
along with the information gathered from LGU assessments, are also integrated into the plan.
The city of Santa Rosa conducted workshops for DRRM planning and designated
several local government agencies to take on roles during the planning activities, with the City
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (CDRRMO) as the lead office. These agencies
have been entrusted with the responsibility of facilitating and participating in workshops,
ensuring their smooth operation and effective outcomes. These agencies form part of the City
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (CDRRMC). This council plays a crucial role
in coordinating and implementing DRRM efforts at the local level. By bringing together various
agencies, the CDRRMC ensures a comprehensive and collaborative approach to addressing
the challenges posed by disasters. Through its expertise and resources, the CDRRMC aims to
enhance the community's resilience and capacity to mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and
recover from disasters. In this planning process, the CDRRMC assumes the primary role in
guiding the participants.
In general, the planning process is designed to assist the city in consistently enhancing
its disaster risk situation and the effectiveness of its DRRM system, as depicted in Figure 3.
Figure 3. CDRRMP Planning Process
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2.1 Situational Analysis

The planning process starts with conducting an extensive situational analysis of the city.
This crucial stage involves a thorough examination and evaluation of the current conditions,
circumstances, and factors that influence the LGU's operations and environment. Through this
analysis, the LGU aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the city’s strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. It serves to ensure that both the CDRRMC and the
participants from the city are kept informed about the present condition and significance of
DRRM and CCA frameworks. By providing updates on the current state and relevance of these
frameworks, this step enables the CDRRMC and the participants to stay abreast of any
developments or changes that may impact their disaster interventions and climate change
adaptation efforts.
2.1.1 Objectives of the Analysis

The primary objective of conducting a situational analysis is to assist the city of Santa
Rosa in examining the internal mechanisms and dynamics of its local community. This analysis
enables the city to gain a deeper understanding of the various factors that influence the
functioning and development of the locality. It likewise aims to examine the benefits and
drawbacks of the existing DRRM and CCA systems implemented by the city in order to
enhance its institutional capacity. By evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of these
systems, we can gain an understanding of their effectiveness in addressing the challenges
posed by natural disasters and climate change.
Furthermore, the purpose of this analysis is to provide guidance in evaluating external

factors that are crucial in the assessment of local disaster risks. The analysis conducted in this
study encompasses various dimensions, namely the political, economic, social, and
technological (PEST) spheres. By exploring these spheres, the city aims to ascertain their
respective impacts on DRRM and CCA, specifically focusing on programs, projects, and
activities (PPAs).
Third, the situational analysis aims to enhance the integration of DRRM initiatives into
local development plans and programs. This entails an examination of the current state of
DRRM mainstreaming efforts in the city. By conducting this, the city seeks to strengthen its
resilience to disasters and ensure that DRRM considerations are effectively integrated into its
overall development framework. When integrated with the local DRRM system, efforts are
made to uphold various interests such as gender equality, public health, environmental
conservation, cultural preservation, and human rights.
2.1.2 Process
The CDRRMP process begins with the analysis of both the internal and external
environments of localities. This serves to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors
influencing disaster risk, encompassing both the internal dynamics of the local government
and the external factors that may contribute to the occurrence and severity of disasters.
Delving into these aspects capacitates LGUs to establish a solid foundation for the subsequent
stages of the planning process to ensure a well-informed approach to DRRM. An emphasis is
likewise placed on the evaluation of the existing PPAs undertaken by LGUs in order to identify
any gaps that may impede the progress of resilience development. The promotion of
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community engagement is highlighted, with a particular focus on encouraging the

involvement of various organizations that cater to specific demographic groups, including
women, youth, children, senior citizens, and persons with disabilities (PWD).
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Challenges (SWOC) Analysis Tool is a means

to assess existing local conditions. This tool was designed to provide an assessment of any
organization's internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as external opportunities and
challenges. Through examining these four (4) dimensions, the SWOC analysis aims to facilitate
strategic decision-making and enhance organizational performance. The tool is extensively
utilized across various disciplines, with its primary applications being strategic planning,
decision-making, and prioritization.
Strengths refer to the inherent advantages and assets possessed by localities. These
strengths contribute to their overall development and potential for success. On the contrary,
weaknesses can be understood as the inherent flaws and limitations that impede localities
from providing an environment conducive to effective monitoring and planning. These
weaknesses hinder their ability to establish robust systems and processes necessary to
implement efficient DRRM initiatives. When conducting a thorough analysis, it is also important
to consider external factors that have the potential to enhance the effectiveness of risk
assessment programs. These external factors, when viewed in a positive light, can be regarded
as opportunities. On the other hand, challenges refer to external factors that impede the
effectiveness of disaster risk assessment. These challenges can hinder the overall success and
efficiency of the assessment process, thereby limiting the ability to accurately identify and
mitigate potential risks. Figure 4 shows an example of a SWOC analysis matrix used in the plan.
Figure 4. SWOC Analysis Matrix
Several guide questions were used by the participants during the workshops in order to
facilitate the discussion on SWOC. A few examples are the following:
a. Strengths
• What are the capabilities/competencies/resources/assets of the city of Santa Rosa?
• What are the benefits/advantages of the geographic location of the city?
• What are the unique/exceptional points possessed by the city?
• What are the excellent services, policies, and projects implemented by the city?
• What are the positive opinions/observations given about the city?
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b. Weaknesses
• What are the gaps/flaws/deficiencies/lapses of the city of Santa Rosa?
• What are the disadvantages/downsides of the geographic location of the city?
• What are the areas that need improvement for the city?
• What are the inefficient services, plans, and projects implemented by the city?
• What are the necessary policies, strategies, and projects that the city lacks?
• What are the negative comments/criticisms given about the city?
c. Opportunities
• What are the promising partnerships that the city of Santa Rosa can make?
• What are the interesting trends/developments happening at the national/local level?
• What are potential changes to culture, politics, economy, technology, and industry
that the city needs to take advantage of?
• What are the improvements that can be made to existing policies and programs of
the city?
d. Challenges
• What are the obstacles preventing the development of the city of Santa Rosa?
• What are the effects of climate change that affect the city?
• What are the obsolete technologies/projects/policies of the city that need updating?
• What are the conflicts with other LGUs/stakeholders that the city faces?
• What are the negative outcomes that arose from recent developments within the
city?
Table 2. DRRM Thematic Areas and Scope

DRRM Thematic Areas Possible Assessment Areas
Prevention and Mitigation Vulnerability reduction, capacity building, private and public
partnerships, early warning systems, hazard mapping, assessment
database
Preparedness Build capacity to anticipate, cope and recover from disaster impacts,
community-involved activities, disaster simulation, and evacuation
exercises
Response Preservation of affected population, provision of basic needs,
evacuation centers, and rescue equipment/measures
Rehabilitation and Recovery Restoration and improvement of facilities/livelihood/living conditions,
“build back better” (i.e., debris clearing, re-building damaged
structures, upgrade for disaster-resiliency, relocation)
Source: NDRRMC and OCD, 2013
Assessment areas play a vital role in the planning process as they serve as key elements
that are utilized as benchmarks in conducting a SWOC analysis. These areas are carefully
evaluated and analyzed to gain an understanding of the city’s current state and to identify its
internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as external opportunities and challenges. Decision-
makers and stakeholders can make informed decisions and develop effective strategies to
address the needs and enhance its overall development. DRRM thematic areas encompass
various assessment aspects that are crucial for effective implementation.
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During the planning workshops, participants were able to provide a comprehensive

description of the locality’s current condition, both from an internal and external perspective.
Both the LDRRMC and participants gained experience in conducting the SWOC analysis using
the tool provided in Table 3.
2.1.3 Target Outputs

The planning workshops enabled productive and meaningful discussions among the
various stakeholders and members of LGUs. Furthermore, they explored the potential impacts
and consequences of these SWOC factors on the four (4) thematic areas of DRRM. An
example of the expected workshop output can be seen in Table 3.
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Table 3. Sample SWOC Analysis

Assessment Areas Strengths Weaknesses
Organized LDRRMC Established and No focal person from each department

organized LDRRMC for DRRM is necessary to ensure a
and LDRRMO with more effective coordination, continuity,
approved Sangguniang and sustainability of programs. This
Bayan Resolution will also facilitate the mainstreaming of
DRRM into the different department
programs of the LGU.
Good representation of Multi-tasking overloads designated
key sectors in the LDRRMO staff with work, affecting
LDRRMC focus on the implementation and
continuity of DRRM programs
Included ENRO and
local DILG officers as
mandatory members of
the LDRRMC, and not
optional
Assessment Areas Opportunities Challenges
Programs, Projects, and Prevention and Difficulties encountered in the
Activities mitigation programs localization of waste management
encourage the active through proper segregation and
involvement of sectoral disposal
groups
Flood Mitigation (structural and Continuing Need to formulate the Local Drainage
non-structural measures) implementation of the Master Plan together with external
River Preservation stakeholders
Program
2.2 Setting the Vision Statement

Each autonomous political unit in the Philippines possesses its own distinct political
identity and philosophy. These identities and philosophies vary across different regions,
reflecting the diverse perspectives and values held by the local population. The diversity in
political ideologies contributes to the overall political landscape of the country, fostering rich
ideas and perspectives within its governance structure. The CDRRMP of the city of Santa Rosa
possesses distinct characteristics that distinguish it from other LGUs. The situational analysis
above provided the city with an understanding of its disaster risk characteristics and current
situation. Through this, the city gains valuable insights into the various factors that contribute to
its vulnerability to disasters. The situational analysis enables the city to identify and prioritize its
disaster risk reduction and management efforts.
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Vision and mission also reflect these distinct identities. A vision statement is a concise
and aspirational statement that outlines the desired future state or direction for the city. It
provides a clear picture of what the city aims to achieve and serves as a guiding principle for
decision-making and long-term planning. The formulation of this statement for the CDRRMP,
modified from the findings of the situational analysis, provides the city of Santa Rosa with a
disaster risk management direction that aligns with its political identity and addresses the
specific needs of the city.
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2.1.1 Objectives of the Vision Statement

The primary objective of this step is to lay the groundwork for policies and actions
specifically tailored for the city of Santa Rosa. This was achieved by modifying and
incorporating the existing vision statement to align with the evolving needs and challenges of
the city in the realm of DRRM. In order to enhance the effectiveness of DRRM efforts, it is
necessary to modify the descriptors and indicators that are currently used by the municipality.
By incorporating the hazard risk situation, the descriptors, and indicators can provide a more
accurate and comprehensive understanding of the potential risks and vulnerabilities faced by
the municipality. This modification is crucial as it allows for a more tailored and targeted
approach to DRRM.
2.1.2 Target Outputs

The main output produced in this planning stage is a modified vision statement that
bears resemblance to the original statement but with an enhanced emphasis on effectively
addressing the inevitable effects resulting from hazards. The use of the adapted vision
statement serves the purpose of combining the CDRRMP with other local development plans.
This integration facilitates the synthesis and harmonization of various plans, ensuring a cohesive
and comprehensive approach to addressing DRRM at the local level. This concerted effort will
ensure that the city’s policies and actions are aligned with its long-term goals and objectives,
ultimately contributing to the sustainable development and progress of Santa Rosa.
2.1.2.1 Strategy Formulation and Setting Goals, Objectives, and Outcomes

Once cities establish and acknowledge their new vision statement, the next crucial
step involves the active participation of the stakeholders in determining the target goals,
objectives, and outcomes. This inclusive process is essential for initiating the conceptualization
of strategies to address the challenges identified through the situational analysis of LGUs.
Through collectively deciding on the goals, objectives, and outcomes, the stakeholders
embark on creating the necessary actions required to fulfill their vision.
The goals, objectives, outcomes, and strategies formulated through this collaborative
process serve as a foundation for the development of the CDRRPM. The CDRRMP outlines the
specific actions and measures that need to be implemented to mitigate risks, enhance
preparedness, and ensure the safety and resilience of the city of Santa Rosa in the face of
disasters. It serves as a guiding document for both the LGU and the community in their joint
efforts toward DRRM.
2.1.2.2 Objectives and Process

The purpose of this planning stage is to aid the city in establishing its own goals,
objectives, and expected outcomes. This requires active engagement with key stakeholders
such as government officials, community leaders, and relevant organizations. Additionally, this
aims to assist the city in devising effective strategies that align with its vision and mission. These
statements serve as guiding frameworks for the city’s overall direction and purpose. Therefore,
during the strategy and goal formulation, it is important to ensure that the strategies developed
are in line with the long-term vision of the city.
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2.1.2.3 Goal Setting Guidelines

Goals are broad statements of desired future in the medium and long term. They aim
to contribute to the achievement of the city’s vision and are derived from the SWOC analysis.
Verbs, like change, enhance, and reduce are commonly used when setting goals for localities.
One (1) significant source for the formulation of goals is the CDRRMP. However, it is imperative
that these statements also reflect the findings derived from SWOC analysis. Moreover, it is
crucial that these statements are in harmony with the overarching vision of the city.
2.1.2.4 Expected Outcomes Guidelines

Outcomes refer to observable changes in behavior or society that are expected to
result from short to medium-term interventions. These outcomes represent tangible and
measurable shifts in the community, such as changes in attitudes, practices, or policies. In
addition, outcomes also encompass crucial policy or procedural changes involving
stakeholders. These changes are influenced by the activities of the LGU. These actions and
initiatives play a significant role in shaping and influencing these policy or procedural changes,
which can have far-reaching impacts on the overall functioning and well-being of the city.
The participants from the workshop effectively formulated their own goals, objectives,
and anticipated outcomes by utilizing the findings obtained from the SWOC analysis for all
thematic areas. Provided below in Table 4 is a sample output from the planning workshops:
Table 4. Sample Output for Step Three

Goals Objectives Outcomes
Disaster-prepared community, Educate and equip Resilient communities that are well-
equipped with the essential communities to achieve prepared to mitigate, respond to, and
knowledge and skills in risk active participation in recover from disaster
reduction and impact mitigation preparing for disaster
They also learned how to evaluate their own formulated goals and strategies, apply
these statements better to guide the creation of PPAs, and improve or modify them to
effectively support the goals of each DRRM thematic area if needed.
2.3 Identification of Key Outputs, Activities, Timeframe, Lead Office,

and Budgeting
After establishing the goals, objectives, and outcomes, the next step is to develop key
outputs and activities which are the primary components of the CDRRMP. These outputs and
activities serve as tangible manifestations of the city’s commitment to effectively address and
mitigate disaster risks within its jurisdiction. By carefully crafting these outputs and activities, the
city of Santa Rosa aims to enhance its DRRM system, ensuring the safety and well-being of its
residents in the face of potential hazards.
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During this planning stage, it is crucial for the city to possess a clear understanding of
the time and financial resources that will be assigned to each output or activity. This
knowledge enables effective planning and allocation of resources, ensuring that the city’s
objectives are met within the designated time frame and budgetary constraints. Furthermore,
to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of its operations, it is also recommended that the
city establishes a framework consisting of lead agencies responsible for overseeing and
managing various outputs and activities. This approach enables the city to streamline its
administrative processes and ensure that each responsibility is properly assigned and
executed. By organizing a body of lead agencies, the LGU can systematize the allocation of
tasks and responsibilities, thereby promoting a more structured and coordinated approach to
governance. Each lead agency is assigned specific outputs or activities to manage, ensuring
that there is clear accountability and expertise in handling various aspects of the city’s
operations.
2.3.1 Objectives
Identifying key outputs, activities, time frames, lead office, and budgeting offers a
structured framework for developing a CDRRMP action plan. This process involves determining
the desired outcomes and objectives, specifying the tasks and actions required, establishing
a timeline for implementation, designating the responsible office or department, and
allocating the necessary financial resources. By following this prescribed format, localities can
effectively organize and prioritize their efforts in mitigating and responding to potential
disasters, thereby enhancing their overall resilience and preparedness.
This planning step can also facilitate the expansion and integration of the city into the
broader national landscape. Through the implementation of this measure, the city can
establish stronger connections and collaborations with government agencies and NGOs in the
country. Engaging in strategic alliances and cooperative endeavors can help the city to
leverage the resources, expertise, and networks of these partnering entities to achieve shared
goals and enhance the effectiveness of its initiatives.
2.3.2 Process
The action plan can be defined as a 10-year comprehensive procedure that outlines
the specific actions and operations required to effectively accomplish the goals and
objectives established by the city. This plan serves as a strategic roadmap, providing a detailed
framework for the city’s endeavors over the specified time period. It serves as a guiding
document to direct the city’s efforts toward the successful realization of its goals and
objectives. The action plan is a crucial component of the CDRRMP.
The plan outlines the specific tasks that need to be carried out, identifies the responsible
agents or individuals who will be accountable for their execution, and specifies the allocated
funding and its source. It provides a list for implementing various interventions aimed at
reducing the impact of disasters on communities. The tasks outlined in the action plan
encompass a wide range of activities, such as hazard identification and assessment, capacity
building, early warning systems, emergency response, and recovery and rehabilitation efforts.
Furthermore, it assigns responsibility to specific agents or individuals for effective
implementation and determines the funding sources and corresponding requirements
necessary to support the implementation of these tasks.
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2.3.2.1 Programs, Projects, and Activities

Proper PPAs are meticulously-crafted initiatives that are formulated to accomplish
specific goals, objectives, and outcomes as determined by localities. These PPAs are designed
to align with the overall vision and mission, ensuring that they contribute to the advancement
and development of the community. It is also imperative to conduct a thorough review of
strategies in order to ascertain the most effective PPAs that can effectively address the
problems within LGUs. Evaluating the existing strategies can aid decision-makers identify the
most suitable PPAs that will contribute to the success of LGUs in resolving their challenges.
When designing PPAs, it is crucial to consider the relevance and alignment with one
(1) or more of the thematic areas. This ensures that the interventions and initiatives are targeted
toward specific goals and objectives within the broader context of DRRM. Furthermore, to
ensure inclusivity and equity, it is imperative that individuals from diverse social groups,
including men, women, the elderly, children, and persons with disabilities (PWDs), are actively
engaged in all phases of planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation processes. This
inclusive approach recognizes the importance of involving all segments of society in decision-
making and ensures that the needs, perspectives, and experiences of these various groups
are considered. By involving members from different social groups in the planning stage, a
more comprehensive understanding of the unique challenges and requirements faced by
each group can be obtained.
2.3.2.2 Outputs and Targets

To effectively measure the success or impact of a project or initiative, it is crucial that
the key outputs be both tangible and specific. Output refers to the immediate consequences
or deliverables that arise from various activities, including processes, goods, and services that
are both produced and delivered. It represents the tangible results that are generated as a
direct consequence of these activities. Some examples include workshops, trainings, and other
similar forms of instructional sessions which provide individuals with opportunities to acquire
new information and develop practical abilities.
On the other hand, targets provide a clear and quantifiable focus for planning efforts
and serve as benchmarks for progress and performance evaluation. They are typically derived
from broader goals and are often time-bound.
2.3.2.3 Lead Office and Responsible Persons

To ensure efficient and effective handling of various concerns, it is imperative to assign
the most appropriate offices that possess the necessary expertise. For instance, the City
Engineering Office (CEO) should be responsible for addressing matters related to the
construction of stronger buildings. Allocating tasks to offices that specialize in specific areas,
such as engineering, increases the likelihood of achieving optimal outcomes. This approach
allows for the utilization of specialized knowledge and skills, thereby enabling the offices to
effectively address concerns within their respective domains.
It is also important to conduct regular evaluations of the lead offices in order to assess
their competencies, accomplishments, and adherence to mandates while overseeing the
implementation of various programs and projects. This evaluation process serves to gauge the
effectiveness and efficiency of these offices in fulfilling their responsibilities and achieving
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desired outcomes. Such evaluations also contribute to accountability and transparency, as

they provide a mechanism for monitoring and reporting on the performance of lead offices,
ensuring that they are held responsible for their actions and outcomes.
2.3.2.4 Budget Allocation and Sources

By implementing investment programming, the council can gain the ability to assess
both internal and external sources of funds prior to commencing the budgeting process. This
strategic approach enables the council to gather crucial information regarding available
financial resources. This proactive measure ensures that the council is well-informed and
equipped to make informed decisions during the budgeting process, optimizing the allocation
of funds and enhancing overall financial management.
The funding for the LGU can be derived from both internal and external sources.
Internally, the LGU can rely on its own resources such as the LDRRMF or the general LGU
budget. These funds are typically allocated by the LGU itself and can be used to support
various initiatives and projects. On the other hand, external sources can come from the private
sector or donors. The private sector may contribute financial resources to the LGU through
partnerships, sponsorships, or corporate social responsibility initiatives. Donors, including
international organizations, NGOs, or other government entities, can also provide financial
assistance to the LGU for specific projects or programs.
In the event that the source of funding originates from the general budget, it is
imperative for the council to clearly specify the classification of such funds. This classification
encompasses three (3) main categories: Personal Service (PS), Maintenance and Other
Operating Expenses (MOOE), and Capital Outlays (CO). By indicating these classifications, the
council ensures transparency and accountability in the allocation and utilization of funds. In
accordance with government guidelines, the LGU should specify the reference code from the
Annual Investment Plan (AIP).
2.3.2.5 Timeframe
When establishing a timeframe for PPAs, various factors, including politics, history, and
practicality must be considered to ensure the successful implementation and completion of
initiatives. Factors like the duration of government officials' terms, the evaluation of previously
implemented plans, and the identification of the most effective strategies should likewise be
weighed. Carefully considering all these elements can aid the city in making proper decisions
regarding the appropriate time frames for its projects and policies. The deadlines and dates
serve as benchmarks against which the progress and performance of the office, programs,
and projects can be evaluated. By implementing such timelines, localities can effectively
manage the flow of resources and maintain steady financial support for their initiatives. This
approach enables a structured and systematic distribution of funds, preventing any potential
delays or disruptions in the implementation. Consequently, the establishment of budget
allocation timelines contributes to the overall effectiveness and success of endeavors.
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2.3.2.6 Target Outputs

During the planning workshops, the participants managed to devise a concrete,
gender-responsive DRRM action plan that details all the necessary inputs provided above.
Table 5 shows a sample program with corresponding implementation details.
Table 5. Sample Output for Step Four

Source
Program/ Key Lead
Activities Targets Timeframe and
Project Outputs Offices
Amount
Capacity - Provision of All Training City 2023-2025 LGU,
Building assistance and farmers manuals, Agriculture DA/Php
for agricultural in attendance Office 300,000
Farmers extension to Santa (CAO),
farmers Rosa Department
- Enhancing are of
knowledge of trained Agriculture
farmers on by 2025 (DA),
climate change CDRRMO
and climate-
related hazards
through
Farmers Field
School (FFS)
2.4 Monitoring and Evaluation

The effective implementation of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) methods plays a
crucial role in advancing the principles of good governance, transparency, and
accountability. Employing these methods appropriately can aid organizations and
governments in ensuring that their activities and policies are carried out in a manner that
upholds these fundamental principles. M&E methods encompass a range of systematic
approaches and tools that are designed to assess the progress, effectiveness, and impact of
programs, projects, and policies. These methods involve the collection, analysis, and
interpretation of data to monitor the progress, identify gaps, and evaluate the impact of the
implemented initiatives.
Monitoring and evaluating PPAs in the field of DRRM involves systematic tracking,
assessment, and evaluation of the progress, performance, and impact of these endeavors
over time. M&E plays a crucial role in ensuring the effectiveness and success of DRRM efforts.
The following are the processes for conducting M&E:
• Progress Tracking: M&E involves tracking the implementation progress of DRRM

programs, projects, and initiatives. It includes monitoring activities, timelines, and
milestones to ensure that activities are on track and being carried out as planned. This
helps identify any deviations or delays early on, allowing for timely corrective actions.
• Performance Assessment: M&E also involves assessing the performance of DRRM

initiatives. This includes evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness of activities, the
utilization of resources, and the achievement of targets and objectives. Performance
assessment helps determine if the initiatives are producing the desired outcomes and
identifies areas that require improvement or optimization.
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• Data Collection and Analysis: M&E entails the collection and analysis of relevant data
and information to inform decision-making. This may involve gathering quantitative
and qualitative data on various aspects of the DRRM initiatives, such as community
engagement, hazard mapping, early warning systems, infrastructure development,
capacity building, and resilience measures. Data analysis helps identify trends,
patterns, and areas of success or challenge.
• Impact Evaluation: This involves examining whether the implemented activities have
contributed to reducing disaster risks, enhancing community resilience, and improving
response and recovery efforts. Impact evaluation helps determine the effectiveness
and sustainability of the initiatives and provides insights into their long-term benefits.
• Feedback and Learning: M&E facilitates feedback loops and learning within the DRRM
process. It allows for the identification of lessons learned, best practices, and areas for
improvement. Monitoring data and findings can be used to inform future planning,
policy development, and decision-making in DRRM.
• Reporting and Communication: Monitoring involves the preparation and dissemination

of reports to stakeholders. These reports provide updates on the progress,
performance, and impact of DRRM initiatives. Effective communication of monitoring
findings is essential for transparency, accountability, and stakeholder engagement.
Provided below are the key components that LGUs need to accomplish for the M&E
plan:
Table 6. Key Components of M&E Plan

Key Components Descriptions
Goals, objectives, outcomes, outputs, and activities in the DRRM action

Expected Results
plan formulated from previous steps
Information on current conditions related to expected results shows
Baselines variations found in programs measured, gathered at the beginning of
DRRM programs
Positive conditions derived from objectives, outcomes, and outputs that
Assumptions
allow the achievement of results
Negative conditions hindering the achievement of results, arising from
Risks
the deviation from assumptions
Direct and indirect units of measure that verify the extent of
Objectively Verifiable
accomplishment for objectives, qualitative or quantitative gauge for
Indicators (OVI)
performance of a DRRM program
Specifies conditions for an indicator to be considered accomplished by a
Targets for Indicators (with
certain time, gender and development (GAD) recognizes social aspects,
GAD Indicators)
gender sensitivity, and diversity
Specifies where information can be gathered and where the indicators
Data Sources can be verified, must be consulted on available data and authorization to
use them
Depends on required data, scale, time, and resources (interviews, focus
Collection Methods
group discussions, surveys, workshops, fieldwork)
The time period when M&E methods are to be executed (weekly,
Frequency
monthly, annually, quarterly)
17
Key Components Descriptions
Audience of the Report

Persons/entity to which M&E results are to be reported and disseminated
Presentation
Lead Office/Responsible Persons/entities that handle the collection and analysis of information,
Person preparation, and distribution of results
Budgetary sources, funding requirements, technical equipment, and
Resources Needed
human resources
18
CHAPTER 3 CITY PROFILE
3.1 Brief History

When the Spanish conquistador Juan de Salcedo, grandson of Miguel Lopez de Legaspi,
explored the wide span of the Laguna Lake during the early period, he discovered the
settlements of native people along the coastal areas, in particular the area of “Tabuco”, that
covered what are now the nearby towns of Cabuyao and Biñan. Santa Rosa was then a part
of the territorial extension of Biñan called Barrio Bukol. It is an area presumably referring to the
sloping and elevated western section of the town. The land is part of the Hacienda Biñan. As
early as 1644, the center of vast tracks of land in Laguna was owned by the Dominicans (the
famed Order of Preachers (OP).
Barrio Bukol was already an established settlement in Biñan spread over various sitios
such as Makinang Apoy, Tagapo , Pulong Santa Cruz, Aplaya and Caingin, among others. The
town was named after the first South American saint, Santa Rosa de Lima of Peru, a nun of the
Third Order of Saint Dominique. This act indicates the strong influence of the Dominican Order
in the town. Through the petitions of the prominent local residents, parts of Barrio Bukol were
politically emancipated as the city of Santa Rosa on January 18, 1792. It was also during this
year when the Rosa de Lima Parish Church was completed. The church was built to honor the
Patron Saint of the town. The townsfolks believed that they were able to withstand the ordeals
of the Japanese occupation through the protection, guidance and help of Santa Rosa de
Lima.
As a peaceful and quiet community, the town people went their ways working on the
land as farmers, artisans and fishermen. The lake water provided bountiful harvests of rare
species of native fish such as biya, hipon, ayungin, tigite, dalag and dulong which are rapidly
vanishing during these days in the heavily polluted waters of the lake. The land was blessed
with abundant fresh groundwater from its soil layer formation of sand and clastic rocks up to
the present day, a natural resource that makes the city very attractive to residential,
commercial and industrial development. Outside the town center, vast tracks of sakatehan or
grassland with scattered nipa and bamboo houses describe the rest of the town. It was in these
scattered and uninhabited lands that the legendary bolangapoy was said to appear in the
dark of night to burn the sakatahan along its path while superstitious people watch from a
distance.
With the start of the Filipino Revolution in 1896 from Cavite that spread like wildfire to
Laguna, Bulacan and other neighboring provinces, the town people found themselves divided
in the fight for national independence against the Spanish colonial masters. The fort was
defended by the Guardia Civil with the assistance of volunteer citizens from Santa Rosa who
for their heroic efforts were given rewards and citations such as land grants and tax privileges
by the Spanish authorities.
Eventually, war broke out again with the Americans in February 1899 such that many
local citizens fought alongside the forces of General Pio del Pilar. With the gradual fall of Filipino
forces in major battles, the town of Santa Rosa was later occupied by the American forces led
by Colonel Robert Bullard in January 1900. During American period, the Dominican friar lands
were bought for 14.4 million pesos on July 4, 1901 in Santa Rosa. The period of reconstruction
20
was initiated by the civil government which allocated 2 million pesos for the construction of
roads, bridges and school buildings in Santa Rosa. At the same time, German Arambulo, a rich
philanthropist with a great vision for the town, donated his family-owned land estates as sites
for the present-day public market, playground, and elementary school building. The famous
Santa Rosa Arch, a small replica of the Arch of Triumph in Paris, France was also built in 1931.
In a sense, the modern-day physical planning and development of the city started during this
early period.
Life went on as usual in Santa Rosa until the Second World War which broke out in 1941.
Tragic incidents marked the Japanese occupation of the town. Suspected local guerillas
identified by the treacherous local makapili spies in hooded bayong were arrested, tortured
and just disappeared. The hacienda was converted into a garrison by the Japanese Army.
Some local residents were caught in the crossfire between the “tora-tora” planes and
American planes which were engaged in dogfights. The belfry of the parish church was heavily
damaged during these clashes. The town plaza later became the site for executing makapili
spies by the local guerrillas. Fearful for their lives, the Japanese forces, together with their local
cohorts, fled towards the eastern side of the lake known as the “darangan” and their fate was
never known again. When the American forces returned on February 5, 1945 together with
their Filipino allies, some Japanese collaborators were imprisoned at the Kapitolyo in Santa
Cruz, Laguna.
During the post-war era until the 1970s, the towns people were largely dependent on
basic agriculture and family-owned enterprises for livelihood. Aside from farming, residents
were also engaged in fishing, livestock raising, and small backyard gardening. However,
progress and development came to the town of Santa Rosa at a very fast pace several
decades after the liberation period. From a sleepy agricultural community regarded as a
“bedroom area” of Metro Manila, it was transformed into a boomtown of close to 300,000
people and the center of business, commerce, and industry not only in Laguna but also the
whole of CALABARZON subregion, the fastest growth center of the country. CALABARZON was
formed by virtue of Executive Order No. 103 which was issued in 2002 for the purpose of
breaking up the large Region IV into two regional planning areas and assigning development
roles for each area. CALABARZON was assigned the role of a growth corridor area to which
Santa Rosa belongs. The corridor is described as a rapidly urbanizing and industrializing area.
Due to its proximity to Metro Manila, a high level of urbanization has taken place over the years
in the region, with Laguna and Cavite particularly becoming sites of manufacturing and high-
technology industries.
The influence of industrialization slowly took shape in Santa Rosa in the 1980s with the
entry of local and foreign investors who were instrumental in the fast-paced economic and
social transformation of the town and the province. The foreign multinational companies were
particularly attracted by cheap labor and government incentives in the PEZA-registered
economic zones and industrial estates. The quiet town of Laguna Province actually started its
progress initially from the establishment of Filsyn, CIGI and a couple of small multinational
companies there when the government Board of Investments (BOI) provided incentives to
companies located at not less than 40 kilometers away from Metro Manila.
With the timely opening of the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) in the 1980s, many private
business enterprises, big and small, started to come in, particularly the Coca-Cola Bottling
Company Plant--the biggest in Southeast Asia--and the Ayala-owned Laguna Technopark Inc.
21
(LTI) in joint venture with Japanese companies that opened its more than 300 hectares world-
class industrial estate to locator companies known in the global business, namely: National
Panasonic, Fujitsu Ten, Emerson, Honda Cars Philippines, Isuzu and Lamcor, among others.
Later on, economic zones followed suit, particularly the Greenfield Business Park that hosts the
multi-million-dollar manufacturing plant of the famous Ford Motor Company, the Lakeside
Ecozone Industrial Technology Park, and Toyota Sta. Rosa Special Economic Zone.
The town so to speak is world-class with the presence of multinational companies in its
premier industrial estates. It is regarded as the Automotive Capital of the Philippines because
of the active presence and operation of Toyota Motor Philippines, Nissan Motor Philippines,
Honda Cars Philippines, Star Motor. Columbian Motors and Ford Motor, among others. The
Enchanted Kingdom, the only world-class theme park in the country, is located in Santa Rosa
City as well as the Santa Elena Golf Club, a premier golf course. There are many first-class
housing projects offering accommodation for the middle and upper middle class population.
Recently, the opening of another Ayala Corporation signature project, the NUVALI, makes
Santa Rosa City another pride to the country. Nuvali Evoliving is the largest self-sustainable
eco-friendly community which also houses two multinational ICT-BPO Companies--Convergys
and IBM. The above economic developments have allowed Santa Rosa City to be recognized
by the Department of Science and Technology as a “Smart City” and to be popularly dubbed
the “Investment Capital of Southern Luzon.” Also, because of the above developments, Santa
Rosa rose to become a first-class city in 1993 from its fourth-class status in 1986. Later, through
Republic Act No. 9264 signed by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Santa Rose became a
component city of the province on July 10, 2004.
The social, environmental and economic costs of rapid urbanization and population
growth are already seen today in Santa Rosa City in the form of daily traffic congestion,
prohibitive cost of land acquisition, rapidly vanishing agricultural areas, sprouting squatter
colonies, seasonal unemployment, chemical pollution of rivers, flash flooding and increasing
garbage generation among other problems.
Considering the city’s relatively small area of 5,587.57 hectares, the existence of cheap
and idle lands is already a thing of the past with the continued influx of space-consuming
migrants and economic establishments. Thus, the whole spectrum of social, economic,
political, environmental and spatial problems faced by Santa Rosa City today have to be
addressed post-haste by a rationalized urban planning process if it has to preserve the gains it
has already achieved and if it has to harness its remaining potential towards achieving a
sustainable kind of spatio-sectoral development.
3.2 Geophysical Characteristics

3.2.1 Location
The city of Santa Rosa is located along the South corridor of Luzon that is about 40
kilometers south of Manila. It is a strategic and ideal place for local and foreign entrepreneurs
because of its proximity to Metro Manila. It is bounded on the northwest by the town of Biñan;
on the south and southwest by Cabuyao and west by Silang and Tagaytay City in Cavite. It
lies 50 kilometers northwest of Santa Cruz, the capital town of Laguna. It consists of plains or
flat portion of lands and series of rivers and creeks. These geographical boundaries define the
spatial extent of the city and contribute to its overall geographic context.
22
3.2.2 Land Area and Political Subdivision

Santa Rosa is a city in the Province of Laguna that surrounds the southern part of
Laguna de Bay. Its geographical center lies approximately at 121° 6’ east longitude and 14°
19’ north latitude. It is actually located on the western side of the province and also along the
western side of the lake. The city, which is a residential-industrial-commercial suburban
community of Metro Manila, lies 38 kilometers south of the metropolis via the South Luzon
Expressway. The city is also the exit point along the expressway in going to Tagaytay City. With
an area of 5,549 hectares as of 2015, Santa Rosa City is located east of Silang, north of
Cabuyao City, west of Laguna Lake and south of Biñan City. With a population of 414,812
persons as of the 2020 Census of Population, it is the second largest local government unit in
Laguna Province after Calamba City.
Santa Rosa City is classified as a first-class component city which attained cityhood
status on July 10, 2004. In 1688, Biñan, together with Barrio Bukol (Santa Rosa City’s name before
separation from Biñan) separated from Cabuyao. After a series of renaming of barrios to
become independent towns, Barrio Bukol was politically emancipated as the City of Santa
Rosa on January 15, 1792. Today the city is politically divided into 18 barangays, namely:
Aplaya, Balibago, Caingin, Dila, Dita, Don Jose, Ibaba, Kanluran, Labas, Macabling, Malitlit,
Malusok, Market Area, Pulong Santa Cruz, Pooc, Sinalhan, Sto. Domingo and (Figure 1-3),
Tagapo. The biggest barangay is Don Jose in the southern section of the city while the smallest
is Malusak in the northern section. It is observed that barangays in the northern half of the city
are smaller in size while those in the southern half have bigger areas. The northern barangays
are also the other ones and that contain the Government District of the city which includes
the institutional establishments of the New City Hall, Old City Hall, Qusaling Batasan, Manpower
Training Center, PNP Office, City Jail, Five Department, CDRRMC, Agricultural Department, City
Museum and Tourism Department, City Health Office I and Community Hospital.
23
Table 7. Administrative Boundary of Santa Rosa, Laguna

Barangay Land Area (ha) Percentage (%)
Urban Barangays
Aplaya 75.98 1.36
Balibago 251.39 4.50
Caingin 128.34 2.30
Dila 165.89 2.97
Dita 412.60 7.38
Don Jose 1063.52 19.03
Ibaba 44.34 0.79
Kanluran 21.38 0.38
Labas 85.33 1.53
Macabling 294.26 5.27
Malitlit 1007.68 18.03
Malusak 16.20 0.29
Market Area 45.12 0.81
Pooc 166.71 2.98
Pulong Santa Cruz 454.21 8.13
Santo Domingo 813.83 14.57
Sinalhan 197.16 3.53
Tagapo 343.63 6.15
TOTAL 5,587.57 100.00%
Source: CLUP, 2020
3.2.3 Land Classification

The land use in the city can be broadly classified into several categories, each serving
distinct purposes and functions (Table 9). These categories include built-up or urban use,
agricultural land, tourism-related activities, water bodies, cemeteries, and idle areas.
24
Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan of Santa Rosa, Laguna
Map 1. Location Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
25
Map 2. Barangay Boundary Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
26
Map 3. Land Classification Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
27
3.3 Geological Features

3.3.1 General Geology
The geological composition of Santa Rosa consists primarily of Quaternary rocks, which
are derived from volcanic activity. These rocks are found beneath the surface, shaping the
city’s geological characteristics. Their formation is characterized by extensive distribution,
particularly in the eastern part of Laguna. Notably, Quaternary rocks are found to be
uncomfortably overlying the older rock series. The rocks that encircle the volcanic plugs or
cones are primarily composed of pyroclastic and/or volcanic materials. These materials
include cinder, tuff, lapilli tuff, and occasionally conglomerate. Clay deposits commonly occur
in close association with volcanic rocks.
3.3.2 Geologic Structure

Two types of rock are found in Santa Rosa: clastic and alluvium rocks. Clastic rocks
consist of interbedded shale and sandstone with occasional thin lenses of limestone, as well
as tuff and reworked sandy tuffs and partly tuffaceous shale. These formations are located in
the southwestern portion of the city where Sto. Domingo, Don Jose, and portions of Pulong
Santa Cruz and Malitlit are situated. Alluvium rocks are found in the remainder of the city
including the Poblacion. These rocks consist of an unconsolidated mixture of gravel, sand, silt
and clay (Map 5).
3.3.3 Topography and Slope

The geographical features of Santa Rosa consist primarily of plains, lake, rivers and
creeks region. These terrain characteristics contribute to the diverse topography of the area.
The plains offer relatively flat expanses of land, while rivers and creeks are body of water that
flows downhill from the force of gravity to the lake.
The narrow plains are situated in all parts of the city. Rivers can be observed in the
diverse areas of Santa Rosa, specifically in the barangays of Aplaya, Balibago, Caingin, Dita,
Don Jose, Kanluran, Labas, Malitlit, Malusak, Market Area, Pooc, Santo Domingo, Sinalhan, and
Tagapo. Additionally, certain parts of Caingin, Dila, Don Jose, Ibaba, Labas, Malitlit, Malusak,
Market Area, and Pooc, also exhibit creeks. Barangays situated alongside of lake are Aplaya,
Caingin, Ibaba, and Sinalhan.
The categorization of all the barangays was based on two (2) slope categories derived
from the planning guidelines. These slope categories served as the reference points for the
classification process. The barangays identified as having a classification of level to nearly level
slope, specifically ranging from 0-3% slope, include all barangays except Santo Domingo.
These barangays are characterized by relatively gentle terrain, with slopes that do not exceed
3%. The aforementioned barangays exhibit significant potential for development, albeit
necessitating the resolution of challenges associated with flood-prone areas. Portions of
barangay Balibago, Don Jose, Malitlit, Pulong Santa Cruz, Santo Domingo, and Tagapo are
characterized by undulating to rolling lands with slopes ranging from 18% to 30% (Map 6).
28
Map 4. Topographic Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
29
Map 5. Rock Type Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
30
Map 6. Slope Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
31
Map 7. Elevation Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
32
3.4 Soil
Santa Rosa City has four series of soil types. In order of decreasing quantity, these are:
Lipa series, Guadalupe series, Carmona series, and Quingus series. The Lipa soils span deep as
they provide moderately well to well drainage capabilities. The terrain is characteristically
undulating to rolling. Both the estimated hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rates are
moderate. Specific to the city is the Lipa loam type of soil, which has the best physical
characteristics among the soil types found in the Province of Laguna. Sugar cane, fruit trees,
upland rice and vegetables thrive in this type of soil. Lipa loam is found in Barangays Malitlit,
Don Jose, Santo Domingo, Pulong Santa Cruz and the southern portion of Dita.
As a surface layer, the Guadalupe series is very dark brown to nearly black in color with
an average depth of 20 centimeters. The undisturbed soil is hard and compact and bakes
easily when dry. When cultivated, the soil becomes plastic and sticky when wet. When dry, it
is coarse, granular and cloddy. The Guadalupe series covers about 1,296 hectares or 23.38
percent of the city’s total land area This soil type can be found in Barangays of Dita, Pooc,
Labas, Tagapo, Balibago, Market Area, Caingin and in the adjacent portions of Macabling,
Pulong Santa Cruz, Dita, Malusak, Kanluran and Ibaba. Soils of this type are best suited for sugar
cane.
Carmona series soils are derived from the weathered product of volcanic tuff material.
Generally, this series of soils is shallow to moderately deep and occurs in rolling to strongly rolling
contours subjected to alluvial erosion. Drainage properties are poor as hydraulic conductivity
is moderately slow. In Santa Rosa, there are two soil types within the Carmona series. These are
Carmona clay loam and Carmona sandy loam. The Carmona Series covers 217 hectares or
3.92 percent of the city’s land area along the western edge of barangays of Santo Domingo
and the western portion of Macabling. Soils of this type are suited for rice, sugar cane, corn,
sweet potatoes, bananas and various kinds of vegetables.
Quingus series is generally very deep. The well-drained soils occur on level to nearly
level terrain as well as on river levees of the alluvial landscape. Hydraulic conductivity is
moderately slow as the basic infiltration rate is moderate. Quingus series, specifically the
Quinga fine sandy loam type of soil covers 2.34 hectares of land along the lakeshore in Brgys.
Sinalhan and Aplaya and in portions of Tagapo, Ibaba, Malusak, Market Area and Caingin.
This type of soil is one of the most productive in Laguna Province where a variety of crops,
especially vegetables, can be grown profitably (Map 8).
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Map 8. Soil Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
34
3.5 Population and Social Services

3.5.1 Population
Based on the 2020 Census of Population and Housing, Santa Rosa has a total
population of 414,812. Among the barangays of Santa Rosa, Market Area is the most populous
barangay with 55,705 individuals (13.43% of the total population) followed by Sinalhan with
42,104 (10.15%), and Caingin with 39,496 individuals (9.52%). Macabling has the least
population of 2,906 individuals (0.7% of the total population of Santa Rosa). As of 2020, the
household population of Santa Rosa has reached 414,812 while the total number of
households has reached 118,518 (Table 8).
Table 8. Total Population, Household Population, and No. of Households by barangay of Santa
Rosa, 2020
Total Percentage Household Percentage Number of
Barangay
Population (%) Population (%) Household
Aplaya 21,566 5.20 21,566 5.20 6,162
Bagong Silang 15,858 3.82 15,858 3.82 4,531
Balibago 24,481 5.90 24,481 5.90 6,995
Caingin 39,496 9.52 39,496 9.52 11,285
Dila 34,650 8.35 34,650 8.35 9,900
Dita 18,039 4.35 18,039 4.35 5,154
Don Jose 8,069 1.95 8,069 1.95 2,305
Ibaba 21,288 5.13 21,288 5.13 6,082
Kanluran 20,406 4.92 20,406 4.92 5,830
Labas 27,433 6.61 27,433 6.61 7,838
Macabling 2,906 0.70 2,906 0.70 830
Malitlit 16,017 3.86 16,017 3.86 4,576
Malusak 4,236 1.02 4,236 1.02 1,210
Market Area 55,705 13.43 55,705 13.43 15,916
Pooc 29,421 7.09 29,421 7.09 8,406
Pulong Santa Cruz 6,863 1.65 6,863 1.65 1,961
Santo Domingo 26,274 6.33 26,274 6.33 7,507
Sinalhan 42,104 10.15 42,104 10.15 12,030
Tagapo 15,858 0.94 15,858 0.94 4,531
TOTAL 414,812 100 414,812 100 118,518
Source: 2020 Census of Population and Housing
35
3.5.2 Education
There are around 18 public elementary schools in the city, with each barangay having
one school while there are seven (7) National High Schools in the city. They are particularly
spread all over the city to be accessible to the student population. There are even tertiary
institutions in the study area and there is also a University Belt Academy District. There are many
private schools spread all over the city and these are mostly those offering lower levels of
education, i.e., from day care facilities to nursery and kindergarten schools. Thus, all of the
schools mentioned above demonstrate the strength of the city as a major center for
educational services in the CALABARZON region.
3.5.3 Health and Sanitation

In terms of health service in the city, each of the 18 barangays has a health center that
is conveniently located for accessibility to the local residents. There are two (2) health offices
that supervise the different health centers. There are 37 small and private city clinics spread
over the city. As with the schools, the above health facilities show the city as strong central
area for health services in the CALABARZON region.
3.5.4 Social Services

With regard to protective services, Santa Rosa City has six (6) Police Community
Precincts (PCP), a Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) Office, a Management and Penology Center
and PNP Sta. Rosa Headquarters. There is a special rescue unit located in Market Area that
can respond to emergencies from 1 to 5 kilometers away. A Fire Station is located in Market
Area while Volunteer Fire Brigades can be seen in three (3) barangays. Firefighting equipment
are provided by private companies and there are around 22 fire hydrants distributed mostly
north of the South Luzon Expressway and in the more densely built sections of the city.
3.5.5 Solid Waste and Wastewater Facilities

Based on the city’s Environment Code (City Ordinance No.1720-2011), “solid wastes”
refer to all discarded household, commercial wastes, non-hazardous institutional and industrial
wastes, street sweepings, construction debris, agricultural wastes, and other non-
hazardous/non-toxic solid wastes. Increasing economic (production and consumption)
activities enhance the generation of solid wastes in any given community.
The city, through its CENRO, has formulated the Comprehensive Ecological Solid Waste
Management Plan 2016-2025 to effectively manage the reduction and disposal of solid waste
in the city. The plan provides information on the characteristics and sources of waste, volume
of waste generated in the city, practices in source reduction and programs on solid waste
management.
36
The estimated volume of waste generated in the city in 2015 is about 246,570 kilograms
per day. An estimated 62 percent of the total wastes generated are biodegradable, 20
percent are residual wastes, 17 percent are recyclable wastes and about 1 percent is special
or hazardous waste. Household waste contributes to about 65 percent of the solid waste
generation in the City, while 35 percent of the wastes come from non-household sources.
The estimated volume of waste generated from household sources is about 161,323
kilograms per day. About 53.6 percent (86,470 kilograms) of the total household wastes are
biodegradable wastes; 20.59 percent (33,222 kilograms) are recyclable wastes; 25.55 percent
(41,219 kg) are residuals; and only 0.26 percent (413 kilograms) are special/ hazardous wastes.
Non-household wastes include wastes from commercial and institutional sources. The
estimated volume of waste generated from non-household sources is about 85,246.4 kilograms
per day. Of this total volume, about 79 percent (67,083.64 kilograms) are biodegradable
wastes; 11 percent (9,404.93 kilograms) are recyclable wastes; 8 percent (7,024.58 kilograms)
are residual wastes and 2 percent (1,733.24 kilograms) are special/ hazardous wastes.
The entire city lacks wastewater treatment facilities. The wastes are discharged into
surface waters like rivers, creeks and to Laguna Lake. Consequently, liquid wastes from the city
contribute to the unfavorable Class C status of Laguna Lake.
3.6 Local Economy

Santa Rosa’s economy shifted from agriculture to industry based from the 1980s to
1990s. This shift highlighted issues on land use conversion and its implications. To meet
increasing demands and pave way for economic development, agricultural lands were
converted to residential and industrial use.
Presently, the city has been recognized as a fast-rising investment capital of South
Luzon next to Metro Manila. Santa Rosa was mainly known for the Coca-Cola and Toyota
manufacturing plants in its industrial estates. More recently it has also become famous for
being the site of Enchanted Kingdom, a local theme park, as well as several housing
developments. Santa Rosa is also the exit travelers take along the South Luzon Expressway to
go to Tagaytay and Taal Volcano. This city contains the third largest complex in Laguna, Paseo
de Santa Rosa. Moreover, Santa Rosa is also home to industrial parks and major residential
communities, and eyed by IT-BPM firms as a possible hub. This is because of the many special
economic zones strategically located within the vicinity.
3.7 Physical Base and Infrastructure

3.7.1 Existing Land Use
The land use in the city can be broadly classified into several categories, each serving
distinct purposes and functions (Table 9). These categories include built-up or urban use,
agricultural land, tourism-related activities, water bodies, cemeteries, and idle areas.
37
Table 9. Existing Land Use of Santa Rosa, Laguna, 2020

Category Land Area (ha) Percentage (%)
1. Urban Use Areas 3,309.05 59.22
a. Residential 1,868.02 33.43
b. Socialized Housing 0.01 0.0002
c. Commercial 199.67 3.57
d. Institutional 59 1.06
e. Industrial 565.11 10.11
f. Infrastructure Utilities, Transportation and 617.24 11.05
Services
2. Agriculture 251.14 4.49
3. Tourism 226.4 4.05
4. Water Bodies 46.45 0.83
a. Pond 18.18 0.33
b. Waterways 28.27 0.51
5. Cemetery and Memorial Park 33.81 0.61
6. Idle 1,720.72 30.80
Total 5,587.57 100.00%
Source: CDRA
3.1.1.1 Urban Use

The built-up or urban use area in Santa Rosa covers a total of 3,309.05 hectares,
accounting for approximately 59.22% of the entire land area of the region. The development
of urban areas has primarily occurred within the Poblacion barangays as well as along the
provincial and municipal roads. In contrast, socialized housing represents a relatively small
portion of land, specifically 0.01 hectares, which accounts for only 0.0003 % of the overall land
area. The industrial sectors have occupied approximately 1,868.02 hectares, which accounts
for 56.45% of the overall land area.
3.1.1.1.1 Residential
The latest urban use area of the city is primarily characterized by residential land uses,
which cover approximately 1,868.02 hectares, or 33.43% of the total land use area. This
indicates that a significant portion of the city’s urban space is dedicated to housing and
related activities. Santa Rosa likewise exhibits an average residential density of 222 people per
ha. This metric serves as an indicator of the population concentration within the area,
highlighting the number of individuals residing within each square kilometer of land. The
residential density of Santa Rosa reflects the spatial distribution of its inhabitants, providing
valuable insights into the demographic patterns and urban development. The population
density in urban barangays is significantly higher. The optimal population density, measured in
terms of individuals per square kilometer, is generally considered to fall within the range of 50
to 100 people. This range is often regarded as ideal due to various factors that influence the
well-being and sustainability of a population. Maintaining a population density within this
range allows for a balance between resource availability, social cohesion, and environmental
considerations.
38
It may be observed on the existing land use map that, in the case of residential areas,
these are spread all over the city, with the densest and contiguous distributions being seen in
the northern half of the city. Located here are high- and medium-density subdivisions that were
attracted by the accessibility provided by the Old National Highway. Located here also are
the pockets of informal settlements such as those near the Market Area. There are also squatter
settlements in southern tip of the city. In the northern half of the city, First Class B and First Class
C subdivisions are also seen. Furthermore, interspersed with the First Class subdivisions are the
Second Class, Third Class and Fourth Class subdivisions which have relatively smaller sizes.
3.1.1.1.2 Commercial
The commercial establishments in Santa Rosa primarily involve merchandising, services,
hybrid operations, and manufacturing. Merchandising accounts for the largest proportion.
These establishments offer a wide range of services to meet the needs of the local community,
including professional services, personal care services, and hospitality services. Overall,
commercial areas cover approximately 199.67 hectares or 33.43 % of the total land area.
Commercial land uses assume linear or corridor patterns in the city. In the old northern
sector of the city, business establishments are seen strong along J.P. Rizal Blvd. Another
concentration of commercial establishments is seen nearby along the Old National Road. The
third commercial strip is seen along the Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road just below the South Luzon
Expressway. There is also a Commercial-Retail Hawkers District in the northern part of the city.
All these simply show the growing and large market capacity of Santa Rosa City.
Another indication of the city’s large local economy is the existence of a Banking
Financial Services District along J.P. Rizal Boulevard that stretches from Brgy. Tagapo to
Poblacion. There is another Banking-Financial Services District located along the Manila South
Road from Brgys. Macabling to Balibago. There is a Small Fisheries District at the lakeshore end
of Tatlong Hari St. and F. Gomez St. where some resident culture fish like tilapia and bangus.
3.1.1.1.3 Institutional
An institutional area refers to a designated land space that comprises various
government offices, educational and health facilities, as well as cultural, civic, and religious
structures. It plays a crucial role in facilitating the functioning of governmental institutions,
providing essential services such as education and healthcare, and fostering cultural, civic,
and religious engagement within the community. The institutional area in Santa Rosa
encompasses approximately 59hectares, which accounts for 1.06% of the overall land use
area.
With regard to institutional land uses, there is a Government District in Santa Rosa City
that is concentrated in Market Area and contains most of the institutional establishments in the
city. All the 18 barangays in the city have relatively large and well-appointed barangay halls
that are designed to serve their respective constituencies well.
There are around 18 public elementary schools in the city, with each barangay having
one school while there are seven (7) National High Schools in the city. They are particularly
39
spread all over the city to be accessible to the student population. There are even tertiary
institutions in the study area and there is also a University Belt Academy District. There are many
private schools spread all over the city and these are mostly those offering lower levels of
education, i.e., from day care facilities to nursery and kindergarten schools. Thus, all of the
schools mentioned above demonstrate the strength of the city as a major center for
educational services in the CALABARZON region.
In terms of health service in the city, each of the 18 barangays has a health center that
is conveniently located for accessibility to the local residents. There are two (2) health offices
that supervise the different health centers. There are 37 small and private city clinics spread
over the city. As with the schools, the above health facilities show the city as strong central
area for health services in the CALABARZON region.
With regard to protective services, Santa Rosa City has six (6) Police Community
Precincts (PCP), a Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) Office, a Management and Penology Center
and PNP Sta. Rosa Headquarters. There is a special rescue unit located in Market Area that
can respond to emergencies from 1 to 5 kilometers away. A Fire Station is located in Market
Area while Volunteer Fire Brigades can be seen in three (3) barangays. Firefighting equipment
are provided by private companies and there are around 22 fire hydrants distributed mostly
north of the South Luzon Expressway and in the more densely built sections of the city.
3.1.1.1.4 Industrial
Industrial areas, which cover approximately 565.11 hectares, represent 10.11% of the
overall land use area. The industrial areas are mostly located in the southwestern sector of the
city along the Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road, although there are also smaller industrial sites
between the South Luzon Expressway and the Old National Highway. There are at least 89
industrial locators in Santa Rosa City and these cover the whole range of light, medium and
heavy industries. Worth mentioning are the notable Eco Zones which are highly developed
selected areas or which have the potential to be developed into agro-industrial, industrial,
tourist, recreational, commercial, banking, investment and financial centers whose metes and
bounds are fixed or delimited by Presidential Proclamations. It may be observed that the
location of these industries, like that of the First-Class A subdivisions, have been made viable
by the accessibility provided by the South Luzon Expressway as well as by the proximity of the
city to Metro Manila.
3.1.1.1.5 Infrastructure Utilities, Transportation, and Service

These areas refer to roads, bridges, cell sites, and towers. They account for
approximately 617.24 hectares 11.05% of the total land use area.
The infrastructural land use is accounted for mainly by the road and railroad transport
systems that would include the bridges and the terminals for buses, jeeps, tricycles, vans and
water crafts. The roads include the major roads, city and subdivision roads and provincial
roads. The major roads include the South Luzon Expressway, Old National Highway, Sta. Rosa-
Tagaytay Road, San Lorenzo Blvd., Greenfield Parkway, United Blvd. and Nuvali Main and
Spine. Both the city and provincial roads are in the north. The bridges that traverse the rivers
40
and creeks are in the north. The bus and van terminals are in the same two places--one in the
north near the junction of the Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road and the Old National Highway and
one in the south identified as the Nuvali Transport Terminal. There are five (5) jeep terminals
and four are in the north while one is found in the south within the Nuvali Transport Terminal.
There are around 28 tricycle terminals, with the majority being in the north while five may be
seen south of the South Luzon Expressway. Further seen in the north is the old Manila Rail Road
that connects to the Tutuban Station in Manila. Regarding water supply, water source sites are
seen in the northern part of the city. There are seven deep well facilities in the northern part of
the city. A water reservoir facility is found in the more elevated southern part of the city in Brgy.
Don Jose.
The communications sub-sectoral component of the infrastructure sector constitutes a

major feature of the city landscape. Around 44 CCTV units are strung along major roads, with
most of them located in the populated areas north of South Luzon Expressway. Thirteen
telecom towers or cell sites are particularly strung along the Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road, J.P. Rizal
Blvd. and the Old National Highway. Two landline telephone service centers and three wireless
services are seen in the city. Postal services are still provided by the Santa Rosa City Post Office.
With regard to the power sub-sector, Meralco maintains two electric power substations and
three power transmission towers.
3.1.1.2 Agricultural Areas

A total of 4.49% of the total land area, which amounts to 251.14 hectares, is utilized for
agricultural purposes. This substantial allocation underscores the city’s commitment to fostering
a thriving agricultural sector, which plays a role in the local economy and sustains the
livelihoods of many residents.
Notable in the Santa Rosa City landscape is the fairly large extent of existing agricultural
and idle land uses covering one-fourth of the city area. This land use type is concentrated in
the more elevated and sloping southern barangays of Malitlit, Don Jose and Santo Domingo.
Being far from the major transportation arteries, the lands here are last to be developed.
However, being alienable and disposable, they are presumed to have already been
preempted for urban use in the near future. As such, they have remained under grassland
without being used for agriculture. In the case of agricultural areas, these are still significant in
extent, covering around one tenth of the city area. These are mainly patches of rice lands that
are still maintained as the original land use in the city when it was still mainly a rural town before
the advent of urbanization in the CALABARZON region. These will most likely give way to urban
land uses in the near future when maintaining them would no longer be economically feasible
in a fast-urbanizing city like Santa Rosa.
On the other hand, a large portion of idle lands are present in the city of Santa Rosa
which amounts to 1,720.72, a total of 30.80% of the total land area. These are lands suitable for
agricultural production but are uncultivated or not devoted to such use.
41
3.1.1.3 Tourism
Tourism facilities are located within barangays of Balibago, Dita, Don Jose, Kanluran,
Malitlit, Malusak, Pulong Santa Cruz, Santo Domingo, and Tagapo which collectively covering
an extensive land area of 226.4 hectares. They account for approximately 4.05% of the overall
land area of Santa Rosa. The tourism area encompasses a variety of establishments that cater
to the needs and desires of travelers. These establishments include restaurants, hotels, and
resorts. Restaurants provide dining options for tourists, offering a range of cuisines and culinary
experiences. Hotels serve as accommodations for visitors, providing comfortable and
convenient places to stay during their travels. These establishments have met the standards
and requirements set by the DOT, ensuring that they provide quality services and facilities to
their guests.
The tourism areas are mostly located in the southern part of the city where spaces are
still available for green areas and nature parks such as Eton City, Greenfield Development
Corporation and Nuvali. Notable recreational-amusement areas are the Santa Elena Golf
Club Inc., Country Club Development Corp., Cuartel de Santo Domingo and Lakeside
Evozone Nuvali. Located in the middle of the city beside South Luzon Expressway is the popular
Enchanted Kingdom amusement park. Resorts abound in the north and located along the
Brgy. Aplaya Road beside Laguna de Bay is the Aplaya de Santa Rosa Waterfront and Eco-
Tourism Zone which capitalizes on the ambiance afforded by the lacustrine environment. The
cultural-historical district in the Poblacion constitutes another group of tourist attractions in
Santa Rosa City.
3.1.1.4 Water Bodies

There exist three (3) distinct water bodies in the city, encompassing a total area of 46.45
hectares and accounting for approximately 0.83% of Santa Rosa's entire land area. These are
the pond, rivers/creeks and Laguna Lake. The rivers flow through a total of 17 barangays,
namely Aplaya, Balibago, Caingin, Dila, Dita, Don Jose, Ibaba, Kanluran, Labas, Macabling,
Malitlit, Malusak, Pooc, Pulong Santa Cruz, Santo Domingo, Sinalhan, and Tagapo. Similarly,
ponds are located on three (3) barangays namely Malitlit, Pulong Santa Cruz and Santo
Domingo. The river plays a crucial role in the local communities, providing a source of water
for various purposes and a means of transportation. Its presence has likely influenced the
development and livelihoods of the residents in these barangays, shaping their relationship
with the surrounding environment. It likewise connects with the Laguna Lake.
Laguna Lake is a multipurpose resource, used for fishery, transportation, irrigation of

agricultural lands, power generation, and as a reservoir for regional flood management,
among other things. IT stands as a testament to human ingenuity and resourcefulness in utilizing
natural resources to meet the growing demands of a developing region. Currently, the source
of renewable energy continues to fulfill its intended function. It has also gained recognition for
its role in promoting eco-tourism, owing to the proliferation of a multitude of resorts and
restaurants in the vicinity of the lake. However, one of the challenges facing Laguna Lake is
pollution, particularly on the western side of the lake, where there is a dense population and
a high chance of wastewater and other pollutants entering the lake. This can have negative
impacts on water quality, aquatic life, and the overall health of the lake ecosystem.
42
Implementation of a water treatment plant can help mitigate this issue by removing pollutants
and contaminants from the water before distribution for various uses.
3.1.1.5 Cemetery and Memorial Park

The cemetery land covers an area of 33.81 hectares, which accounts for
approximately 0.61% of the total land. These cemeteries serve as final resting places for
deceased individuals within the community. In the case of special land uses, there are nine
cemeteries located in the northern half of the city, with most being privately owned facilities
and are either Catholic or Aglipay cemeteries. The New Cemetery Extension in Barangay Dita
is actually a coffin crypt depository measuring 1,859 sq.m. and a bone depository measuring
481 sq.m. This burial extension facility has a 2-km diameter buffer and in the periphery of this
buffer zone may be seen some hospitals.
3.7.2 Existing Urban Land Use
Urban land use refers to the arrangement and distribution of different types of activities
and functions within the urban area. The urban barangays of Santa Rosa include all
barangays, and collectively has a total area of 5,587.57 hectares. Existing urban land use
comprised of urban use with 62.09 ha, agriculture with 28.82 ha, and tourism with 0.25 ha (Table
10 and Map 9).
Table 10. Existing Urban Use of Santa Rosa, Laguna

Category Land Area (ha) Percentage (%)
1. Urban Use Areas 3,309.05 59.22
a. Residential 1,868.02 33.43
b. Socialized Housing 0.01 0.0002
c. Commercial 199.67 3.57
d. Institutional 59 1.06
e. Industrial 565.11 10.11
f. Infrastructure Utilities, Transportation and 617.24 11.05
Services
2. Agriculture 251.14 4.49
3. Tourism 226.4 4.05
4. Water Bodies 46.45 0.83
a. Pond 18.18 0.33
b. Waterways 28.27 0.51
5. Cemetery and Memorial Park 33.81 0.61
6. Idle 1,720.72 30.80
Total 5,587.57 100.00%
Source: CLUP, 2020
43
Map 9. Existing Land Use Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
44
Map 10. Existing Urban Use Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
45
Map 11. General Land Use Plan Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna, 2021-2030
46
3.7.3 Inventory of Roads and Bridges

Roads plays a crucial role in the functioning of the city. Roads enable the movement
of people, goods, and services within and outside the city. A total of 821.88 km of roads
traverse within Santa Rosa from which 16.60 km are national roads, 17.48 km are considered
as provincial roads, 148.12 km are city roads, 91.50 km are barangay roads, and 522.47 km are
private roads.
There are eighteen (18) bridges in Santa Rosa inventoried. These are located in all
barangays of Santa Rosa.
47
Map 12. Inventory of Roads in Santa Rosa, Laguna
48
Map 13. Inventory of Bridges in Santa Rosa, Laguna
49
3.8 Institutional Structure

Section 11 of RA 10121 provides for the organization of a LDRRMC with the following
functions:
i. Approve, monitor and evaluate the implementation of the CDRRMP and regularly
review and test the plan consistent with other national and local planning programs;
ii. Ensure the integration of DRR and CCA into local development plans, programs and
budgets as a strategy in sustainable development and poverty reduction;
iii. Recommend the implementation of forces or pre-emptive evacuation of residents, if
necessary; and
iv. Convene the local council once every three months, or as necessary.
Furthermore, Section 12 of RA 10121 provides for the organization of a local disaster risk
reduction and management office that is responsible for setting the direction, development,
implementation, and coordination of disaster risk management programs within its territorial
jurisdiction.
50
CHAPTER 4 RISK PROFILE
Disaster risk profiles play a crucial role in guiding public leaders, particularly disaster risk
officials, by providing valuable information for effective decision-making in disaster risk
management. In this chapter, the local disaster risk profile of the City of Santa Rosa is
presented. The focus will be on analyzing the various risks and vulnerabilities the city faces
concerning disasters. By examining the specific characteristics and factors that contribute to
the city’s disaster risk profile, the LGU aim to understand the challenges and potential impacts
that Santa Rosa encounters in terms of disasters. Through the analysis, the LGU can identify and
develop key areas of concern. The subsequent portion of this chapter provides an
examination of the natural hazards that pose a threat to the city. This includes an analysis of
the environmental factors that contribute to these hazards and historical analysis of past
disasters that have affected the City of Santa Rosa. The disaster timeline includes information
regarding the extent, severity, fatalities, and damages caused by previous disasters. Hazard
maps will visually represent the different hazards the city can encounter.
To comprehensively analyze specific hazards, such as landslides and floods, this

chapter examines the estimated exposed areas under the baseline scenario. It involves the
use of tables to present the relevant data. The last section of the chapter presents the city’s
Comprehensive Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA). This assessment thoroughly analyzes the risks
and vulnerabilities associated with the different exposure units to various hazards.
4.1 Role of Local Disaster Risk Profile in CDRRM Planning

In general, disaster risk profiles involve the determination and analysis of hazard risk
scenarios and the calculation of their probability of occurrence. Furthermore, these profiles
anticipate the potential damages and effects that are likely to be incurred by a specific area.
Gender and cultural factors are considered when conducting hazard and disaster
assessments as they contribute to the overall impact of risk scenarios.
Disaster risk profiles are crucial in understanding the underlying factors contributing to
natural hazards. Furthermore, they are instrumental in mitigating the susceptibility of
communities to associated disasters. Hence, government agencies primarily employ these
profiles as crucial references and integral elements of development planning. These measures
involve strategically placing infrastructures to minimize risks, integrating risk reduction measures
into urban planning, and the more efficient allocation of financing efforts for disaster risk
management and mitigation.
Disaster risk profiling involves a methodical assessment of hazards and risks in a specific
geographical region, facilitated through the cooperation of various information agencies and
the active involvement of the local community residing within the area under investigation.
The City of CDRRMP by employing risk assessment methodologies based on the local disaster
risk profile. This is the initial stage of the CDRRMP process and is relevant throughout subsequent
steps.
52
Identifying both internal and external factors related to disasters is crucial for
conducting an appropriate level of risk assessment that aligns with the city’s requirements, as
outlined in the local disaster risk profile. The proactive response of the local government to the
hazard risk assessment ensures the optimization of available resources and capabilities. Figure
5 illustrates the three established tiers of complexity, as delineated in the Urban Risk
Assessments report by the World Bank.
Figure 5. Risk Assessment Report by World Bank
4.2 Records of Previous Disasters

The city recorded around 15 natural and man-made hazard induced disastrous events
in the period 2006-2023. Flooding is not confined to typhoon events and may also be caused
by heavy rains, as shown by the flooding that hit the city of Santa Rosa, Laguna. The oldest
recorded was the Typhoon Milenyo in Central Luzon which equated to deaths and damage
properties. Aside from crop loss, 5 person died and 20 houses were totally damaged on the
said event. This is followed by Typhoon Ondoy in 2009 which affected 5 barangays with its
continuous rain causing flood and disrupting electrical and water supply. A total of 3 families
loss their houses. Typhoon Yolanda in 2013 is one of the most damaging typhoons that struck
the city with rains accompanied with strong winds, alarming residents whose houses were still
submerged in floods brought by the previous rains. After 2 years, Typhoon Glenda caused one
(1) day interruption of water and electricity in the city. The fire incident in Barangay Macabling
affected 33 families and totally damaged 28 houses. Also, fire incident in 2021 affects 82
families and totally damaged 29 houses in Barangay Malitlit. Typhoon Paeng in 2022 affects six
(6) barangays of Santa Rosa which induced 147 totally and partially damaged houses as well
as an approximate of 230 affected individuals. The eruption of Taal Volcano in 2020 also
affected the city with ashfall affecting 230 individuals. On the same year, COVID-19 pandemic
was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) and affected not only the city but the
whole world.
53
Recovery from these kinds of event has been difficult for farmers, fishers, small business
owners and informal sector workers. Natural disasters bring about disruptions in consumer
income flows resulting in the loss of productive assets, diversion of capital to basic consumption
and housing repairs, and depressed market demand. Helping people cope with current
changes in their environment, such as adapting their livelihoods and improving the ecosystem
health as well as the governance systems, can help build the ability to avoid future problems
and enhance the resilience of vulnerable households. To this end, it is important to understand
the properties, principles, and processes that strengthen resilience at the individual, household,
and community levels.
54
Table 11. Records of Previous Disasters in Santa Rosa, Laguna

Number of Number of No. of Houses
Damage to Properties (Php)
Casualties Affected Damaged
Hazards/
Commercial
Disaster Affected
Institution
Year Impact
Families
Persons
Partially
Private /
Missing
Injured
Totally
Events and Barangays
Dead
Total
Infra
Agri
Description
The barangays
Typhoon Macabling, were
2006 5 20
Milenyo Tagapo submerged due
to flooding
1 family
loss their
house
Caingin,
(Ibaba)
Don Jose,
Typhoon
2009 Ibaba, 1
Ondoy 2 families
Pooc, Santo
loss their
Domingo
houses
(Santo
Domingo)
Caingin,
One (1) day
Don Jose,
Typhoon interruption of
2013 Labas,
Yolanda water and
Pooc, Santo
electricity
Domingo,
One (1) week

2 families Schools are
Caingin, interruption of
Typhoon loss their partially One (1) partially
2015 Ibaba, electricity 24 190
Glenda houses damaged damaged (Caingin)
Tagapo (electric posts
(Ibaba) (Caingin)
damages)
Twenty (20) livelihood

Typhoon 2018 Sinalhan 20
was damaged
55

Hazards/
Commercial
Disaster Affected
Institution
Year Impact
Families
Persons
Partially
Private /
Missing
Injured
Totally
Dead
Total
Infra
Agri
Description
Taal Volcano
2019 Malitlit
Eruption
Typhoon
2019 Labas
Falcon
Fire 2020 Macabling 33 28 5
Taal Volcano
2020 Santa Rosa Ash fall 230
Eruption
Aplaya, Don
Jose,
Typhoon Rolly 2020 Labas, 5 5 10
Pulong
Santa Cruz
Fire 2021 Malitlit 82 29
Dita,
One (1) day
Aplaya,
Typhoon Jolina 2021 interruption of 5
Labas,
electricity
Tagapo
Typhoon
2021 Dita
Odette
Typhoon
2022 Dila, Aplaya 5 13 67
Paeng
56

Hazards/
Commercial
Disaster Affected
Institution
Year Impact
Families
Persons
Partially
Private /
Missing
Injured
Totally
Dead
Total
Infra
Agri
Description
Rain-induced
landslide on rip
rap areas
(Aplaya,
Caingin)
Knee flood
Macabling,
height in
Labas,
Typhoon Barangay
2022 Tagapo, ~230 67
Paeng Labas
Caingin,
Aplaya, Dita
2-3 days
flooding in
Barangay
Tagapo
Flashflood in
Barangay Dita
Macabling, Flood height of
Flood 2023 1
Labas 8 feet
57
Map 14. Flood Susceptibility Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
58
4.3 Hazard Inventory

Hazard is defined as a potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon, or human
activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic
disruption, or environmental degradation. A hazard inventory was done during the conduct
of the CDRA workshop of Santa Rosa. The city is found to be exposed to multiple hydro
meteorological hazards including flood, rain-induced landslides; and geologic hazards
including earthquake and earthquake-induced landslides, groundshaking, and liquefaction.
The data were gathered from multiple sources such as Cadastral Map, Google Images, Global
Positioning Survey (GPS), and Santa Rosa City Planning Development Office maps integrated
to have a cohesive and accurate hazard map for the city. Each map is scaled at 1:50,000 and
is formatted using WGS 1984 reference system. The table below list the identified hazards, its
description, speed of onset, frequency, and affected barangays (Table 12).
The calculation of areas prone to hydro meteorological hazards relies on climate-

adjusted hazard scenarios. These scenarios include one that uses current climate conditions
as a baseline, and two scenarios based on the Representative Concentration Pathways
(RCPs). The RCPs are derived from future projections of climate conditions, considering
predicted greenhouse gas emissions for the years 2049 and 2079. The RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios
were specifically chosen to represent medium and high baseline greenhouse gas emissions,
respectively. The purpose of each RCP scenario is to make predictions about the potential
hazards of three different rainfall or wind events. These events are statistically predicted to
occur every 5, 25, and 100 years in terms of their intensities and frequencies. The susceptibility
of each barangay to various hydrometeorological hazards.
Table 12. Hazard Inventory Matrix of Santa Rosa, Laguna

West
Rain- Earthquake-
Ground Valley
Barangay Flood Induced induced Liquefaction
shaking Fault
Landslide landslide
Line
A B C E F G H
Urban
Aplaya / / / /
Balibago / / / /
Caingin / / / /
Dila / / / /
Dita / / / /
Don Jose / / /
Ibaba / / / /
Kanluran / / / /
Labas / / / /
Macabling / / / /
Malitlit / / / /
Malusak / / / /
Market Area / / / /
Pooc / / / /
Pulong Santa Cruz / / / /
Santo Domingo / / / /
Sinalhan / / / /
Tagapo / / / /
Source: DOST-PAGASA
59
Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan of Santa Rosa, Laguna (2023-2032)
4.5 Hazards
A hazard is defined as a potentially hazardous phenomena, chemical, human
behavior, or circumstance. It may result in death, injury, or other negative health
consequences, property destruction, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic
upheaval, or environmental degradation.
4.5.1 Flood
More than half (58%) of the total land area of Santa Rosa is not susceptible to flooding
from which 15% is highly susceptible. About 12% of the city is moderately susceptible while 15%
has low susceptibility to flooding. Table 13 and Map 14 shows the susceptibility of the
barangays in Santa Rosa to flood hazards.
Table 13. Flood Susceptibility of the different barangays of Santa Rosa, Laguna
Susceptibility Area (ha) Percentage (%) Barangay
Aplaya, Balibago,
Caingin, Dila, Dita, Ibaba,
Kanluran, Labas,
High 844.45 15%
Macabling, Malusak,
Market Area, Pooc,
Sinalhan, Tagapo
Aplaya, Balibago,
Caingin, Dila, Dita, Ibaba,
Kanluran, Labas,
Moderate 678.23 12%
Macabling, Malitlit,
Malusak, Market Area,
Pooc, Sinalhan, Tagapo
Balibago, Caingin, Dila,
Dita, Ibaba, Kanluran,
Labas, Macabling,
Low 829.91 15% Malitlit, Malusak, Market
Area, Pooc, Pulong
Santa Cruz, Sinalhan,
Tagapo
Balibago, Dita, Don Jose,
Malitlit, Pulong Santa
No susceptibility 3234.98 58%
Cruz, Santo Domingo,
Tagapo
Total 5,587.57 100%
Source: CPDO, GIS-computed area
4.5.2 Rain-Induced Landslide

Rain-induced landslide is caused by heavy rain due to storms and southwest monsoon
(Habagat) and characterized by sliding of soil, rocks, or mud from elevated areas resulting to
damages in houses, properties, and even death to people living beneath the mountains. Small
portion of the total land area of Santa Rosa is susceptible to rain-induced landslide from which
11.95% and 88.05% is moderate and low susceptible, respectively. Only Barangay Santo
Domingo is susceptible to rain-induced landslide (Table 14 and Map 15).
60
Table 14. Rain-induced Landslide Susceptibility of the different barangays of Santa Rosa,
Laguna
Susceptibility Length (m) Percentage (%) Barangay
Moderate 199.14 11.95 Santo Domingo
Low 1467.61 88.05 Santo Domingo
Total 1666.75 100%
4.5.3 Groundshaking
The whole city of Santa Rosa is susceptible to groundshaking intensity level VIII and
above (Map 16). The PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS) Level VIII was characterized
as very destructive. According to DOST-PHIVOLCS under PEIS Intensity Level VIII the following
could be experienced:
• People will find it difficult to even stand outdoors.

• Many well-built buildings are considerably damaged.
• Concrete dikes and the foundations of bridges are destroyed by ground settling or
toppling.
• Railway tracks are bent or broken.
• Utility posts, towers, and monuments may tilt or topple.
• Water and sewer pipes may be bent, twisted, or broken.
• Liquefaction and lateral spreading cause manmade structures to sink, tilt, or topple.
• Numerous landslides and rockfalls occur in mountainous and hilly areas.
• Boulders are thrown out from their positions, particularly near the epicenter.
• Fissures and faults rupture.
• Trees shake violently.
• Water splashes over dikes or the banks of rivers.
Table 15. Groundshaking Susceptibility of Santa Rosa, Laguna

Aplaya, Balibago,
Caingin, Dila, Dita,
PEIS Intensity VIII and
5,587.57 100% Don Jose, Ibaba,
above
Kanluran, Labas,
Macabling
Total 5,587.57 100%
4.5.4 Earthquake-induced Landslide

Earthquake-induced landslide refers to the downslope movement of rocks, soil,
and other debris commonly triggered by strong shaking. Only three (3) barangays of
Santa Rosa are low susceptible to earthquake-induced landslide. About 99.97% of
the area the city is not susceptible to earthquake-induced landslide as shown in Table
16 and Map 17.
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Table 16. Earthquake-induced Landslide Susceptibility of the different barangays of Santa

Rosa, Laguna
Don Jose, Pulong
Low 1.70 0.03% Santa Cruz, Santo
Domingo
Aplaya, Balibago,
Don Jose, Ibaba,
Kanluran, Labas,
Macabling, Malitlit,
None 5,585.86 99.97%
Malusak, Market
Area, Pooc, Pulong
Santa Cruz, Santo
Domingo, Sinalhan,
Tagapo
Total 5,587.57 100%
62
Map 15. Rain-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
63
Map 16. Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
64
Map 17. Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
65
4.5.5 Liquefaction
Sixty-four (64%) percent of the total area of Santa Rosa is not susceptible to liquefaction
hazard (Table 17 and Map 18). The twelve (12) barangays of the city is highly susceptible to
liquefaction while 7% is moderately susceptible. About 15% or 853.80 ha of the total land area
of Santa Rosa is low susceptible to liquefaction. According to DOST-PHIVOLCS, liquefaction is
a phenomenon wherein loosely consolidated sediment soil deposits, especially those near the
water bodies, lose their strength and appear to flow as fluids which was usually triggered by a
strong earthquake.
Table 17. Liquefaction Susceptibility of the different barangays of Santa Rosa, Laguna
Aplaya, Caingin, Dila,
Dita, Ibaba, Kanluran,
High 804.02 14% Labas, Malusak,
Market Area, Pooc,
Sinalhan, Tagapo
Balibago, Dila, Dita,
Kanluran, Labas,
Moderate 383.79 7%
Macabling, Malusak,
Pooc, Tagapo
Low 853.80 15% Labas, Macabling,
Malitlit, Pooc, Tagapo
Don Jose, Macabling,
None 3,545.97 64% Malitlit, Pulong Santa
Cruz, Santo Domingo,
Tagapo
Total 5,587.57 100%
66
4.5.6 West Valley Fault Line

A hundred percent of barangays of Santa Rosa is highly susceptible to effects of the
movement of West Valley Fault Line. The West Valley Fault is a 100-kilometer-long geological
fissure that runs from Angat, Bulacan to Calamba, Laguna. Given the city’s high population
density and development, a future earthquake along the fault could result in significant
damage, loss of life, and economic disruption (Table 18 and Map 19).
Table 18. West Valley Fault Line Susceptibility of Barangays of Santa Rosa, Laguna
Aplaya, Balibago,
High 5,587.57 100% Don Jose, Ibaba,
Kanluran, Labas,
Macabling
Total 5,587.57 100%
67
Map 18. Liquefaction Susceptibility Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
68
Map 19 West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
69
4.6 Exposure
Exposure refers to people, property, systems, or other elements present in hazard zones
that are thereby subject to potential losses. For this report, the system of interest is classified into
five exposure units: Population, Urban Use, Natural Resource-based Production, Critical Point
Facilities, and Lifeline Utilities. Population indicates the spatial location and number of
potentially affected persons. Urban use areas refer to the built environment utilized for
residential, commercial, industrial, tourism, sanitary waste management facilities, cemeteries,
and other land uses unique to the city. Natural-resource based production areas are lands
utilized for crop production, and forestry- and fisheries-related production, including farming
and farming technologies. Critical point facilities refer to infrastructure used for the delivery of
basic social services such as schools, hospitals/rural health units, local government buildings,
roads, bridges, air/ sea ports, communication towers, and power- and water- related facilities.
Lastly, lifeline utilities include transportation, water distribution, drainage, and power distribution
networks.
Below is an assessment of the exposure units in Santa Rosa, Laguna as derived during
the CDRA workshop. The city is exposed to hydro-meteorological hazards (Flooding, Rain-
induced Landslide) and geologic hazards (Groundshaking, Earthquake-induced Landslide,
Liquefaction, and West Valley Fault Line).
4.6.1 Population
Based from 2022 Census of Housing and Population, Santa Rosa has a total population
of 394,456 and total household population of 126,820. Of the total population, females
comprised about 52.45% (206,876) while males made up the remaining 47.55% (187,580). From
the same census year, young dependents (0-12 years old) comprised about 39.02% (49,483)
of the total household population while old dependents (65 years old and above) comprised
about 0.17% (21,372).
The population pyramid of Santa Rosa is classified as expansive. An expansive pyramid

has a broad base which shows a youthful population. This also indicates fertility within the
population and an increasing population growth rate in the future. The highest percentage of
household population can be observed between age groups of 0-12 and 18-35 years of age.
The city’s exposure database reveals that 332,930 individuals are exposed to flood. The
populations in the barangays adjacent to Aplaya, Balibago, Caingin, Dila, Dita, Ibaba,
Kanluran, Labas, Macabling, Malusak, Market Area, Pooc, Sinalhan, Tagapo have high levels
of susceptibility to flood. The rest of the barangays have moderate to no susceptibility to flood
(Map 20).
Regarding rainfall-induced landslides (RIL), 4,613 individuals living near rivers/creeks are
exposed. Most of the population in the city exhibit low to moderate susceptibility especially on
Barangay Santo Domingo was identified as low to moderately susceptible (Map 21).
Map 23 shows three (3) barangays are low susceptible to earthquake-induced

landslide (EIL) with 33,278 individuals exposed. These are barangays namely Don Jose, Pulong
Santa Cruz and Santo Domingo.
In terms of groundshaking and fault line hazard, all individuals in the city are exposed
as shown on Map 22 and Map 25. All barangays are found to have high susceptibility to
PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS) VIII and Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI) IX
(Very Destructive).
70
Concerning liquefaction, 290,583 individuals are highly exposed. The population along
rivers and bay coast in the city are highly prone to liquefaction. These barangays are Aplaya,
Caingin, Dila, Dita, Ibaba, Kanluran, Labas, Malusak, Market Area, Pooc, Sinalhan, and
Tagapo (Map 24).
Among the factors that explain the barangays’ sensitivity towards the above-
mentioned hazards include that 9% HH are classified as below poverty threshold, 3.19% of the
population are informal settlers, 31% are young and old dependents, 1.49% are PWD, and
0.44% are malnourished.
Given the exposure and sensitivity of the population to hazards, the general adaptive
capacity of the barangays include readily accessible Local Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Fund (LDRRMF) fund, available credit and cooperative companies, access to
information from tv, radio, and internet and LGU public announcements, presence of
functional infrastructures such as drainage system, flood control including spillways, canals,
seawalls and breakwaters, installation of warning signages, presence of early warning systems
including siren and communication devices, presence of organizations such as Barangay
Volunteer for Evacuation and DRRM personnel from barangays, and lastly, availability of maps
and DRRM Plans.
71
Map 20. Population Exposure to Flood Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
72
Map 21. Population Exposure to Rain-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
73
Map 22. Population Exposure to Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
74
Map 23. Population Exposure to Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
75
Map 24. Population Exposure to Liquefaction Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
76
Map 25. Population Exposure to West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
77
4.6.2 Natural Resources-based Production Areas

The city of Santa Rosa has three (3) production areas. Ninety-eight percent (98.76 %)
or 51.59 ha are allocated for agriculture, fishpond occupies 0.57 (1.10 %), and 0.8 ha (0.15 %)
is for waterways. Approximately 787 HH depends on fishing and farming.
Rice, vegetables, and fruits are the major crops produced in Santa Rosa occupying
about 51.59 ha. Furthermore, different kind of fishes and seashells are also produced in the
city.
For this report, agriculture, pond and waterways will collectively be described as
natural resource-based production areas. Almost 58.99 ha are exposed to flooding where the
majority are low susceptible. Nevertheless, those that are highly susceptible are Barangay
Aplaya, Balibago, Caingin, Dila, Dita, Ibaba, Kanluran, Labas, Macabling, Malusak, Market
Area, Pooc, SInalhan, and Tagapo (Map 26).
For RIL, only two barangays are susceptible. These barangays are Don Jose and Santo
Domingo (Map 27).
Natural based production areas are exposed to EIL with a total aggregate area of 0.17
ha in Barangay Santo Domingo (Map 29).
For groundshaking and fault line, 5,587.57 ha of natural resources-based production

areas are exposed. Map 28 and Map 31 shows high susceptibility to PEIS-VIII in all barangays.
Lastly, 34.99 ha of the natural resource-based production areas are prone to

liquefaction. Barangay Aplaya, Caingin, Dila, Dita, Ibaba, Kanluran, Labas, Malusak, Market
Area, Pooc, Sinalhan, and Tagapo (Map 30).
The factors that support building adaptive capacity in natural resource-based

production areas are access to credit and financing through the DA-ACPC’s PLEA and SURE;
access to information for farming technologies brought by AEWs; hazard information and
climate data through various platforms; agricultural equipment or infrastructure; institutional
support through agriculture-related policies and ordinances; and social capital by the
existence of farmers and fisherfolk associations.
78
Map 26. Natural Resources-based Production Areas Exposure to Flood Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
79
Map 27. Natural Resources-based Production Areas Exposure to Rain-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
80
Map 28. Natural Resources-based Exposure Map of Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
81
Map 29. Natural Resources-based Production Exposure to Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
82
Map 30. Natural Resource-based Exposure to Liquefaction Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
83
Map 31. Natural Resources-based Production Areas Exposure to West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
84
4.6.3 Urban Use Areas

Urban Use Area is described as built environment currently utilized for agri-industrial,
cemetery, commercial, industrial, institutional, military reserve, parks and recreation, and other
land uses unique to the locality expressed in terms of area, type of use, and
replacement/construction cost. Structures in these areas may or may not be exposed to
different hazards based on the hazard map. If the structures are exposed, an assessed value
based on its replacement cost ranging from PhP 15,000 to 22,000 per sq. m. was computed to
determine the extent of possible damage.
For the CDRA, urban barangays as well as urban areas within rural barangays were
observed and analyzed. Map 32 shows that Santa Rosa has low, moderate, and high
susceptibility to flood. Specifically, 11.28 ha of 5,587.57 ha exposed are highly susceptible. The
commercial establishments in Barangay Aplaya, Balibago, Ibaba, Malusak, Market Area, Pooc,
Sinalhan, Tagapo; Institutional offices in Barangay Caingin; Cemeteries in Barangay Kanluran,
Labas and Macabling; and Residential units in Barangay Dila are identified with high
susceptibility to flood. Majority of the susceptible barangays are adjacent to bodies of water.
Three (3) barangays are highly exposed to EIL, a total aggregate area of 27.36 ha is
identified based on data. Exposed units are residential and institutional areas (Map 35).
Regarding groundshaking and fault line, the whole city is highly exposed. Map 34 and
Map 37 shows that all exposure units in Santa Rosa are highly susceptible to groundshaking
and West Valley Fault Line.
Around 18.12 ha of urban use area are prone to liquefaction. These are commercial
establishments in Barangay Aplaya, Balibago, Dita, Ibaba, Kanluran, Labas, Malitlit, Malusak,
Market Area, Pooc, Sinalhan, and Tagapo; Institutional offices in Barangay Balibago, Caingin
and Dila; Cemeteries in Barangay Dila, Dita, Kanluran, Labas, and Macabling; and Residential
units in Barangay Dila, Labas and Pooc. All the liquefaction prone areas are adjacent to
bodies of water (Map 36).
In total, the exposed private and public structures in the urban use areas of the city of
Santa Rosa have an estimated replacement value of PhP 45,000 per square meter More
structures are sensitive than the others based on their material, actual use, date of construction
and incorporation of hazard resistant building design. On average, 10.45% of buildings are
made of light to salvageable materials, almost 10% of buildings are dilapidated, at least 30 %
were built prior to year 1992, and at least 30% do not employ hazard resistant design.
The existing adaptation measures in urban areas are the capacity or willingness to
retrofit or relocate or conform with new regulations; presence but also lack of insurance
coverage, availability of alternative sites for construction and government resources and
zoning regulations.
85
Map 32. Urban Use Areas Exposure to Flood Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
86
Map 33. Urban Use Areas Exposure to Rain-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
87
Map 34. Urban Use Areas Exposure to Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
88
Map 35. Urban Use Areas Exposure to Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
89
Map 36. Urban Use Exposure to Liquefaction Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
90
Map 37. Urban Use Exposure to West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
91
4.6.4 Critical Point Facilities

Critical point facilities (CPF) are institutional buildings and facilities that provide critical
socio-economic support services to the city, particularly during disasters, such as evacuation
centers, schools, hospitals, barangay halls, health centers, and daycare centers.
The city with the private sector maintains facilities to provide key socio-economic
support services such as schools, day care center, barangay health station and hospital,
church, senior citizen center, fish port/sea port, telecommunication device, water station,
waste disposal facility, public market, and local government buildings such as barangay hall,
evacuation center, fire station, police station, plaza and tanod outpost, among others. These
facilities not only provide basic services but can also be used during times of disaster. There
are 36 identified critical point facilities during the workshop.
The levels of susceptibility to flood of critical point facilities are shown on Map 38 which
reveals the low, moderate, and high susceptibility of various critical point facilities in Barangays.
Critical facilities in Barangay Aplaya, Balibago, Caingin, Ibaba, Kanluran, Labas, Macabling,
Malusak, Market Area, Pooc, Sinalhan, and Tagapo are highly susceptible to flood.
Map 39 describes the levels of susceptibility of CPF as moderate in terms of RIL. Critical
facilities such as bridge located in Barangay Santo Domingo is moderately susceptible. There
are no critical point facilities in all barangays susceptible to earthquake-induced landslide
(Map 41).
As to groundshaking and fault line, Map 40 and Map 43 shows high susceptibility of all
critical point facilities on all barangays.
Critical point facilities such as barangay hall, basketball court, health center, public
child development center, and public school are highly susceptible to liquefaction (Map 42).
These are located on Barangay Aplaya, Caingin, Kanluran, Malusak, Market Area, Sinalhan,
and Tagapo.
Looking at the sensitivity of infrastructures, the barangay representatives reported and

computed that the majority are made of concrete and not of light materials. 66.7 percent are
in good condition; only 0.01 % are condemned or dilapidated; and at least 30 % of structures
were built before 1992. In addition, at least 30 percent employs hazard resistant design.
Proactive action in this respect has benefits well beyond a prompt and effective
hazard response. Local governments play an essential role for emergency response from
planning to hazard mitigation, to community resilience-building, to response and recovery for
hazard events. The existing adaptation options for CPF are willingness and capacity to retrofit
and relocate, presence of alternative sites, insurance coverage and presence of hazard
mitigation measures. All barangays have coverage to infrastructure-related mitigation
measures (IRMM) for hazards.
92
Map 38. Critical Point Facilities Exposure to Flood Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
93
Map 39. Critical Point Facilities Exposure to Rain-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
94
Map 40. Critical Point Facilities Exposure to Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
95
Map 41. Critical Point Facilities Exposure to Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
96
Map 42. Critical Point Facilities Exposure to Liquefaction Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
97
Map 43. Critical Point Facilities Exposure to West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
98
4.6.5 Lifeline Utilities

Lifeline Utilities (LU) covers transportation (roads). The extent of exposure of LU is
dependent on the presence of specific hazard. Roads od Santa Rosa spanning a total of
809,293.68 meters in length with varying width from 3 to 20 meters were recorded in the city.
These are made of different materials, with diverse conditions, and exhibit varying levels of
susceptibility to hazards. The replacement cost of road is averaged at Php 12,000 per sqm for
concrete and PhP 25,000 for asphalt roads.
The roads exposed to flooding accounted for 55.40% of the total road networks. The
roads with 0-3 % slope is highly susceptible to flooding. These roads can be found in all
barangay expect Santo Domingo (Map 44).
For RIL, 0.01 % are exposed across the whole city. Roads constructed above 60 masl up
to those with 150 masl are susceptible to RIL. These can be found in Barangay Santo Domingo
(Map 45).
For lifeline utilities, 0.03% are exposed to earthquake-induced landslide. Specifically,

these are roads located on Barangay Don Jose, Pulong Santa Cruz and Santo Domingo that
are low susceptible to the hazard (Map 47).
Roads network in all barangays have been classified to have high susceptibility to
groundshaking under PEIS VIII and fault line (Map 46 and Map 49).
Concerning liquefaction, almost 47.73% of the road sections are exposed. Map 48
shows that roads in Barangay Aplaya, Caingin, Dila, Dita, Ibaba, Kanluran, labas, Malusak,
Market Area, Pooc, Sinalhan, and Tagapo are high susceptible to liquefaction.
In terms of sensitivity, 0.01% of the roads are made of concrete and in fair condition.
While 0.004% are in good condition and 0.002% in very poor condition. All roads are compliant
with hazard resistant design such as standard thickness and drainage canals.
The city is now adapting by ensuring that government transportation expenditures are
insured, that a budget is designated for retrofitting, that other infrastructure has similar
investments, and that other routes are accessible when necessary.
99
Map 44. Lifeline Utilities Exposure to Flood Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
100
Map 45. Lifeline Utilities Exposure to Rain-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
101
Map 46. Lifeline Utilities Exposure to Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
102
Map 47. Lifeline Utilities Exposure to Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
103
Map 48. Lifeline Utilities Exposure to Liquefaction Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
104
Map 49. Lifeline Utilities Exposure to West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
105
4.7 Vulnerability
In developing the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (LDRRMP), it is
crucial to conduct a situational analysis examining identified hazards, their extent, and their
corresponding hazard levels. This analysis aims to determine the effects of these hazards on
specific aspects of the City of Santa Rosa. By thoroughly analyzing these factors, the LDRRMP
can be effectively developed to address the risks and vulnerabilities present in the city.
By incorporating additional analysis into the decision-making process, the city can
better understand the current situation. When combined with existing knowledge of climate
change trends, this analysis can provide valuable insights that can help the city identify areas
that urgently need attention. The additional hazard risk and vulnerability examination process
utilized the methodology and information from the City of Santa Rosa CDRA. The CDRA
process involves two key components: the CCVA (Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment)
and the DRA (Disaster Risk Assessment). The CCVA aims to assess the vulnerability of a
particular region or area to climate change impacts. It considers various factors such as socio-
economic conditions, infrastructure, and natural resources. The CCVA helps identify the areas
that are most susceptible to climate-related hazards. The DRA, on the other hand, focuses on
assessing the risks associated with specific disasters. It involves analyzing the potential impacts
of hazards, such as floods or storms, on the local community. The DRA considers different
scenarios, including baseline scenarios, which are based on historical data and provide a
reference point for assessing future risks. The current assessment of hazards in the barangays
lacks an evaluation of climate change projections. It focuses solely on the vulnerability
assessment of exposure units, which is already included in the CDRA of Santa Rosa.
4.7.1 Risk and Vulnerability Assessment

The Risk and Vulnerability Assessment is a method used to evaluate the risk index of the
City of Santa Rosa to different climate change-induced hazards and geological hazards. This
assessment aims to identify and analyze the potential risks and vulnerabilities that the city by
conducting this assessment, decision-makers and stakeholders can gain a comprehensive
understanding of the city’s exposure to climate-related hazards and the potential impacts
they may have on various sectors and populations. The assessment process involves collecting
and analyzing relevant data, such as historical climate patterns, socio-economic
characteristics, infrastructure systems, and natural resources. Through this analysis, the
assessment aims to identify the specific areas for mitigation.
The methodology is designed to conduct a qualitative analysis in order to assess and

ascertain the vulnerability levels of various areas or sectors of interest within the city.
Additionally, the study also involved an analysis of the sensitivities and adaptive capacities
related to this phenomenon. The purpose of this assessment is to identify decision areas and
use them as a focal point for further analysis. This analysis will help determine the implications
in specific planning fields and policy interventions.
106
4.7.1.1 Population
The risk of flooding affecting populations in Santa Rosa ranges from low to high. There are
14 barangays identified with populations at high risk of flooding. These are Barangays of Aplaya,
Balibago, Caingin, Dila, Dita, Ibaba, Labas, Macabling, Malitlit, Malusak, Market Area, Kanluran,
Sinalhan, and Tagapo were classified as high risk (Map 50).
With respect to rain-induced landslide (RIL) and earthquake-induced landslide (EIL), the
population shows low to high risk. The severity of consequence from RIL is expected only at
Barangay Santo Domingo categorized as high risk (Map 51). Furthermore, the severity of
consequence from EIL is also expected only in Barangay Santo Domingo which is classified as high
risk (Map 52).
Three (3) barangays of Santa Rosa were identified to have very high risk of groundshaking
due to natural occurences (Map 53). These are barangays of Aplaya, Caingin and Sinalhan. While
the severity of consequences of movement of West Valley Fault Line in the city opf Santa Rosa is
expected on 12 barangays namely Balibago, Dila, Dita, Ibaba, Kanluran, Labas, Malitlit, Malusak,
Market Area, Pooc, Santo Domingo, and Tagapo.
While Barangay Pooc only have high risk to liquefaction (Map 54).
Overall, the population depending on place of residence is at risk with different types of
hazards at a varying level or degree. As most people are well aware, the immediate impacts of
hazards include loss of human life, damage to property, destruction of crops, loss of livestock, and
deterioration of health conditions owing to different diseases.
Hazards can also cause long-term distress to victims and their families. The death
of a loved one has profound consequences, particularly for children. Displacement
from one's home, loss of possessions, and interruption of business and social activities
can result in long-term stress and other psychological effects.
In this type of crisis, it is critical to have a strategy in place for providing efficient
assistance. By investing in disaster adaption techniques, local governments can assist
lower a community's risk of disaster. These can be physical and natural obstacles, as
well as non-structural policy interventions such as flood-prone area development.
107
Map 50. Population Risk to Flood Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
108
Map 51. Population Risk to Rain-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
109
Map 52. Population Risk to Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
110
Map 53. Population Risk to Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
111
Map 54. Population Risk to Liquefaction Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
112
Map 55. Population Risk to West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
113
4.7.1.2 Natural Resources-based Production Areas

The natural resource-based production areas in Santa Rosa demonstrate low to high risk
of floods. In particular, the agricultural areas in nine (9) barangays namely Aplaya, Balibago,
Caingin, Dila, Dita, Labas, Macabling, Pooc , and Tagapo are high in terms of risk of flooding (Map
56). On the other hand, Barangays of Ibaba, Malusak and Market Area scored as low risk to
flooding.
For RIL, pond and waterways in Barangay Santo Domingo are at low risk (Map 57). In terms
of risk to EIL, only agricultural areas found in barangays of Aplaya, Balibago, Caingin, Dila, Dita,
Labas, Macabling, Malitlit, Pooc, Pulong Santa Cruz, Sinalhan, and Tagapo is identified as low risk
(Map 58).
Regarding the risk of groundshaking, the natural resource-based production areas in Santa
Rosa are identified to have low to moderate risk (Map 59). Specifically, agricultural areas in
barangays of Aplaya, Balibago, Caingin, Dila, Dita, Labas, Macabling, Malitlit, Pooc, Sinalhan,
and Tagapo demonstrate moderate risk of groundshaking. Likewise, the above-mentioned 11
barangay scored moderate risk on West Valley Fault Line hazard (Map 61).
Moreso, risk to liquefaction shows low to moderate risk scores. Ten (10) barangays of Santa
Rosa are particularly susceptible to moderate risk (Map 60).
Agriculture and fisheries production are all affected by variable degrees of climate
sensitivity and catastrophe risk. Agriculture and fishing are the two producing areas in the city that
contribute to Santa Rosa's economic capability. Multiple risks wreak havoc on vital agricultural
assets by disrupting production cycles, trade flows, and livelihoods. In general, this has an impact
on food security and adds extra delays along the value chain. However, the city's core economic
circle centers around several residential and business developments.
114
Map 56. Natural Resources Risk to Flood Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
115
Map 57. . Natural Resources Risk to Rain-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
116
Map 58. . Natural Resources Risk to Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
117
Map 59. . Natural Resources Risk to Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
118
Map 60. Natural Resources Risk to Liquefaction Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
119
Map 61. Natural Resources Risk to West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
120
4.7.1.3 Urban Use Areas

Hazard risks in urban areas are driven not just by natural reasons. Urbanization and
improper infrastructure development are significant and growing contributors to hazard risks. The
urban use area of Santa Rosa has a very high risk of flooding (Map 62). Among those with high risk
are the residential areas in Barangay Dita and Sinalhan. Aside from that, cemeteries, commercial,
industrial, institutional, residential, and tourism areas in 14 barangays namely Aplaya, Balibago,
Caingin, Dila, Dita, Ibaba, Kanluran, Labas, Macabling, Malusak, Market Area, Pooc, Sinalhan,
and Tagapo are considered as high risk.
For risk to RIL, the urban use area exhibits low risk (Map 63) only on the commercial
establishments in Barangay Santo Domingo. As for the risk of EIL, the commercial, industrial,
residential, and tourism areas in Barangay Don Jose are at moderate risk and all barangays are
at low risk (Map 64). The risk of groundshaking in the event of a PEIS VIII and above earthquake
ranges is very high on cemeteries, residential and tourism areas in four (4) barangays namely
Caingin, Dita, Labas, and Sinalhan (Map 65). Similarly, only two (2) barangays namely Caingin
and Dita scored very high in terms of West Valley Fault Line risk (Map 67).
Similarly, there is low to moderate risk to liquefaction in the barangays of Santa Rosa. At
moderate risk are the cemeteries, commercial, industrial, institutional, residential, and tourism
areas in 16 barangays namely Aplaya, Balibago, Caingin, Dila, Dita, Ibaba, Kanluran, Labas,
Macabling, Malitlit, Malusak, Market Area, Pooc, Santo Domingo, Sinalhan, and Tagapo. Likewise,
the above-mentioned urban use types in barangays of Dita, Don Jose, Labas, Macabling,
Malusak, Pulong Santa Cruz, Santo Domingo, Sinalhan, and Tagapo are at low risk (Map 66).
Several government and non-government facilities and businesses across the city are
susceptible and in danger from a variety of risks. Infrastructure is frequently damaged as a result
of several dangers. Damage to critical services and infrastructure, such as wastewater, power,
sewage, and telecommunications, can occur. When these utilities fail, houses become unlivable
and businesses become unviable and hazardous, causing people to flee, often for lengthy
periods. Infrastructure improvements can take a long period, creating significant public
annoyance and expenditure.
Nonetheless, when flood risk reduction methods are discovered and implemented, the
role of urbanization in risks is sometimes not thoroughly evaluated and recognized. As a result,
even as current danger is addressed, new risk is introduced, bringing with it the certainty of severe
harm to our cities and communities. To address this issue, it is advised that orderly but significant
approaches such as:
• Conduct a comprehensive review and assessment of hazards and implement radical

measures of existing urban landscape;
• Require impact assessments be part of development plans and projects, especially on

urban infrastructure plans and projects;
• Strengthen the technical capacity of relevant departments and agencies on approaches,

methods, and tools to build hazard resilience; and
• Develop incentive mechanisms to encourage application of green infrastructure solutions

in hazard risk reduction
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Map 62. Urban Use Risk to Flood Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
122
Map 63. Urban Use Risk to rain-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
123
Map 64. Urban Use Risk to Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
124
Map 65. Urban Use Risk to Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
125
Map 66. Urban Use Risk to Liquefaction Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
126
Map 67. Urban Use Risk to West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
127
4.7.1.4 Critical Point Facilities

Critical point facilities include transport systems, electricity, water, and communications
systems, hospitals and health clinics, and centers for fire, police, and public administration
services
The critical facilities in the barangays show low to high levels of risk of flooding (Map
68). Specifically, critical point facilities in barangays of Aplaya, Caingin, Ibaba and Sinalhan
scored high risk to flooding while barangays of Dila, Pooc, Pulong Santa Cruz, and Santo
Domingo are at high risk.
For risk to RIL, the no critical facilities in the city demonstrate low to high levels of risk.
For EIL, the following structures are at high risk on Santo Domingo, Sinalhan and Tagapo (Map
69).
All critical facilities in the barangays of Santa Rosa are classified to have a moderate
risk to groundshaking and West Valley Fault Line hazard (Map 70 and Map 72).
Similarly, the risk to liquefaction is low to moderate on Santa Rosa. Barangays with
moderate risk are Aplaya, Caingin, Ibaba, and Sinalhan (Map 71).
The majority of critical point infrastructures that are critical during disasters are
vulnerable to various risks. Buildings that provide critical public services, such as schools,
hospitals, government offices, senior citizen facilities, and day care centers, might be
inundated or isolated if the surrounding communities are damaged. These services may be
reduced during and after a disaster, which can have a significant impact on the communities
who rely on them.
Damage to infrastructures such as health, communications, or transportation, in

particular, can increase people's vulnerability by limiting access to specific resources or
income-generating activities, making them less robust to new and developing hazards.
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Map 68. Critical Point Facilities Risk to Flood Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
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Map 69. Critical Point Facilities Risk to Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
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Map 70. Critical Point Facilities Risk to Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
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Map 71. Critical Point Facilities Risk to Liquefaction Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
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Map 72. Critical Point Facilities Risk to West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
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4.7.1.5 Lifeline Utilities

Lifeline utilities mainly roads in the barangays show moderate to high levels of risk to
flood (Map 73). A total of 499,099.54 meters are categorized as high risk to flooding. These
include barangay roads, city roads, national roads, PNR, private roads, provincial roads, and
SLEX.
For risk to RIL, no lifeline utilities in the barangays demonstrate low to very high risk. On
the other hand, the risk of EIL is high in Barangay Santo Domingo (Map 74).
Regarding risk to ground shaking, the lifeline utilities in all barangays exhibit high risk
(Map 75). All roads are categorized with high risk to West Valley Fault Line (Map 77).
Scores on risk to liquefaction (Map 76) resulted as low to moderate in Barangay all
barangays of Santa Rosa.
Roads that are safe and passable are critical during a crisis because they connect
people and commodities to their destinations. Transportation network disruptions cause
service delivery to be delayed. Furthermore, the ability of personnel and equipment to move
to the areas where damage has occurred is critical for the restoration of practically all other
lifeline systems, and damage to the transportation system impedes repairs to the other lifeline
systems. The majority of Santa Rosa's roadways are vulnerable to many risks.
The unpredictable nature of natural and man-made hazards presents a challenge

to public works department, and throw wrench into well designed pavement management
programs and projects. The city can be prepared to respond to unanticipated threats as
promptly and effectively as feasible by utilizing relief initiatives or programs. Maintaining a
healthy and resilient road network necessitates planning for unforeseen detours in addition to
the traffic loads that routes are built to handle. The necessity of road networks during times of
crisis makes it critical to construct them to last and plan for their continued operation in any
situation.
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Map 73. Lifeline Utilities Risk to Flood Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
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Map 74. Lifeline Utilities Risk to Earthquake-induced Landslide Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
136
Map 75. Lifeline Utilities Risk to Groundshaking Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
137
Map 76. Lifeline Utilities Risk to Liquefaction Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
138
Map 77. Lifeline Utilities Risk to West Valley Fault Line Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna
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4.8 Capacity
Adaptive capacity refers to the inherent ability of a system or entity to respond to
various forms of alterations, disturbances, or uncertainties effectively and efficiently. It
encompasses the capacity to adapt and adjust to enable the system to maintain its
functionality, stability, and resilience in the face of changing circumstances.
Adaptive capacity is essential for the City of Santa Rosa as it enables them to navigate
and cope with the challenges and uncertainties inherent in dynamic environments.
Adaptability encompasses various operation levels from different areas in the L.G.U.I., from the
Population, Natural Resource-based area, urban use area, Critical Point Facilities, and Lifeline
Utilities. At each level, adaptability refers to the capacity to adjust and respond effectively to
changing circumstances and challenges due to different hazards. Adaptive capacity is
essential to reduce the risk and vulnerability of Santa Rosa to hazards.
During the planning work in conducting the CDRA, the City of Santa Rosa and
Stakeholders were given an adaptive capacity questionnaire to rate the different adaptive
capacity measures implemented in the city. Below are the different categories of possible
adaptive capacity measures the city may have. These measures range from the coverage of
infrastructure, access to information, social Capital, investments, and economic protection.
Below are the different measures based on the adaptive capacity database developed.
1. Population
• Access or Area Coverage to Infrastructure: This is related to hazard mitigation measures

and strategies if it is present or absent in the barangay.
• Institution and Governance: This is the Local government's capacity to invest in risk
management and climate change adaptation and mitigation.
• Wealth: This describes the percentage of households with access to financial
assistance, i.e., S.S.S., Pag-IBIG, PhilHealth, credit cooperatives, 4Ps, A.I.C.S., T.U.P.A.D.,
and DOLE during calamities)
• Information: This indicates the households with access to climate change and hazard-
related information.
• Social Capital: This is the presence of cooperatives, associations, and groups that can
assist households in times of disaster
2. Natural Resource Based Area
• Access or Area Coverage to Infrastructure - Related Hazard Mitigation Measures and

Strategies
• Government Extension Programs related to CCAM-DRR
• With access to alternative livelihood
• With access to post-disaster economic protection
• With access to information
3. Urban Use, Critical Point Facilities, Lifeline Utilities
• Access or Area Coverage to Infrastructure - Related Hazard Mitigation Measures and

Strategies
• Government Investments
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• Capacity or willingness to retrofit or relocate or conform with new regulations

• Insurance coverage
• Available alternative sites
• Local Government Capacity to impose or implement zoning regulations
The city of Santa Rosa has different implemented projects and activities to improve the
adaptive capacity of the city. These adaptive capacity measures may be present and
implemented in the barangay. Some projects are related to the different Institutional adaptive
capacities of Santa Rosa.
• Material Recovery Facility (MRF)

• Operation Linis
• Community gardening
• Tree planting activity
• Waste Segregation and Management
• H.A.P.A.G.
• Ayuda
• Trainings/Workshops
The city of Santa Rosa also has financial assistance to the population if there is a need
post-disaster. The list below shows the different available financial assistance that the residents
of Santa Rosa can access. This financial assistance is through the city’s implementation to help
residents affected by hazards.
• Pantawid Pilipinong Pamilya Program (4Ps)

• Tulong Panghanapbuhay sa Ating Disadvantaged/Displaced Workers (TUPAD)
• DOLE
• Assistance to Individuals in Crisis situations (AICS)
• SSS
• National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP)
• PHILHEALTH
• NGOs
• Social Amelioration Program (SAP)
• Microfinance
• Agricultural Assistance or Ayuda
The information dissemination of the guidelines and hazards in the City of Santa Rosa
uses mixed media, such as digital and print media. There are tarpaulin, flyers, and other printed
media in the barangays. There are also Information, Education, and Communication (I.E.C.)
Campaigns and conducting of meetings and gatherings to inform the different procedures
and hazard mitigations that the city will implement when the city is affected.
Santa Rosa also partners with other institutions and organizations for the social capital
of the different barangays. The partnership with the organization assists the barangay with
financial or none financial assistance during or after post-disaster in the city.
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CHAPTER 5 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS: IDENTIFYING SWOC

FOR THE FOUR DRRM THEMATIC AREAS
This chapter delves into the detailed components of the CDRRMP. It presents a guiding
framework for the implementation of various risk reduction and climate change initiatives
across all local development sectors in the city. By providing detailed discussion, this chapter
seeks to explain the specific strategies and measures that are incorporated within the plan to
effectively address and mitigate the potential hazards.
Each section explores a particular thematic area, offering a thorough examination of

their significance and relevance in the context of DRRM. By looking into these areas in a
systematic manner, this chapter seeks to enhance the reader's understanding of the diverse
aspects and dimensions of DRRM. This chapter likewise examines SWOCs that are relevant to
each thematic area. The desired goals, objectives, and outcomes for the city are also
discussed. These goals are formulated with the intention of addressing the identified SWOCs.
By setting clear objectives, the city aims to achieve specific outcomes that will contribute to
the overall development and improvement of local DRRM. Lastly, this chapter discusses the
PPAs to bring DRRM goals to fruition.
5.1 SWOC Analysis

5.1.1 Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
The first thematic area is disaster prevention and mitigation. Under Section 3 of Republic
Act 10121, disaster prevention is defined as the “the outright avoidance of adverse impacts of
hazards and related disasters. It expresses the concept and intention to completely avoid
potential adverse impacts through action taken in advance such as construction or dams or
embankments that eliminate flood risks, land-use regulations that do not permit any settlement
in high-risk zones and seismic engineering designs that ensure the survival and function of a
critical building in any likely earthquake”. While, disaster mitigation is the “the lessening or
limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. Mitigation measures
encompass engineering techniques and hazard resilient construction as well as improved
environmental policies and public awareness.”
The Prevention and Mitigation (P&M) provides key strategic actions that give
importance to activities revolving around hazards evaluation and mitigation, vulnerability
analyses, identification of hazard prone areas and mainstreaming DRRM into development
plans. It is based on sound and scientific analysis of the different underlying factors which
contribute to the vulnerability of the people and eventually, their risks and exposure to hazards
and disasters.
This primarily involves the application of scientific principles and technological tools to
evaluate the potential hazards and vulnerabilities within the city. This area aims to provide
guidance and assurance that policies, plans, and budgets are designed to effectively address
both present and future risks. By utilizing scientific and technological advancements, decision-
makers can make informed choices to mitigate risks and enhance the resilience of the LGU.
In addition to the crucial task of risk assessment, this comprehensive approach

encompasses several other important components. One (1) such component involves the
establishment of a timely early warning system (EWS) that is tailored to the specific context and
culture of the affected area. This EWS seeks to provide timely and relevant information to
individuals and communities, enabling them to take appropriate actions in response to
potential risks. Another key aspect of this approach involves the institutionalization of
accessible and inclusive risk financing and insurance mechanisms. In ensuring that these
mechanisms are readily available to all individuals, regardless of their socioeconomic status or
other factors, the aim is to enhance the overall resilience of communities and reduce the
potential impact of disasters. Another importance of prevention and mitigation is that it
recognizes the importance of improving and protecting the ecosystem as a means of
mitigating risks. By implementing measures to safeguard and enhance natural resources, such
as forests, wetlands, and coastal areas, the aim is to create a more resilient environment that
can better withstand the impacts of disasters.
The DOST is the primary government agency responsible for overseeing disaster
prevention and mitigation efforts in the Philippines.
Considering its advantages that includes identified risk areas, procurement of

equipment for different type of disaster, and complete early warning system and devices, it
creates safer communities that reduces losses in terms of lives and properties.
Early warning from LGUs is very critical during an emergency or any disaster. The citizens
of Santa Rosa disregard government warnings which make it as a considerable disadvantage
of the city. Likewise, there is a lack of manpower in terms of disaster rescue and management
of Santa Rosa.
However, it is viewed as an opportunity to provide an effective dissemination of public

awareness and education campaigns on mitigating the risks of disasters present in the city.
Moreso, a constant risk assessment will also be conducted in each barangay.
The most challenging phases of disaster prevention and mitigation in Santa Rosa are
the severity of disasters in different cases. There are also uncooperative citizen and negative
public response. This creates a hindrance in disseminating public awareness with the
communities.
Table 19. SWOC Analysis for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

SWOC Areas Strength Weaknesses Opportunities Challenges
Disaster Identified risk Citizens disregard Effectively Severity of
Prevention and areas government communicate a disaster (case to
Mitigation warnings during public awareness case basis)
Available disaster or and education
equipment for emergency campaign Uncooperative
different type of citizen
disasters Lack of manpower A constant risk
assessment will Negative public
Complete early be conducted in response
warning system each barangay
and devices
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5.1.2 Disaster Preparedness

Disaster preparedness encompasses a range of activities undertaken by various
stakeholders, including local governments, response teams, and the general public, with the
aim of effectively anticipating, responding to, and recovering from the impacts of imminent
disasters. It is the knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional
response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate,
respond to, and recover from the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or
conditions. Preparedness action is carried out within the context of DRRM and aims to build
the capacities needed to efficiently manage all types of emergencies and achieve orderly
transitions from response to sustained recovery. Preparedness is based on a sound analysis of
DRR and good linkages with early warning systems and includes such activities as contingency
planning, stockpiling of equipment and supplies, the development of arrangements for
coordination, evacuation and public information and associated training and field exercises.
These must be supported by formal, institutional, legal and budgetary capacities.
(RA No. 10121).
The primary objective of this thematic area is to enhance the level of preparedness
and the overall capacity of the community to effectively respond to various types of hazards
and threats. This includes developing robust emergency response plans, conducting regular
drills and exercises, and fostering a culture of preparedness among community members.
According to Padagdag (2018), one (1) effective approach in preparing for hazardous
situations is the regular updating of contingency plans for future risks. This involves continuously
assessing potential risks and developing strategies to mitigate their impact. Additionally,
consistent emergency exercises and evacuation training play a crucial role in ensuring
preparedness. By regularly conducting these exercises, individuals and organizations can
familiarize themselves with emergency protocols and improve their response capabilities.
Another important strategy is the stockpiling of materials. Maintaining a sufficient supply of
essential resources, such as food, water, and medical supplies, can help communities to
withstand the challenges posed by hazardous situations. Lastly, arranging evacuation centers
is another key aspect of effective preparation. These centers serve as safe havens for
individuals who need to evacuate their homes during emergencies, providing them with
temporary shelter, basic necessities, and support services.
The DILG is the primary government agency responsible for overseeing disaster
preparedness efforts in the Philippines.
In Santa Rosa, there are abundant number of available evacuation centers. It is also a
strength that there is an equipment maintenance for the rescue team as well as there is a
committed workforce prior or during a disaster. However, there is limited manpower and
insufficient equipment for a specific disaster (case to case basis). Hence, it is recommended
to effectively inform the public about disaster awareness and preparedness, apply new
technology or innovation, and conduct workshops or trainings for disaster preparedness.
Despite of this, the city still experiences challenges on effects of climate change,
overdue number of equipment and lack of public knowledge about disaster risks and climate
change.
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Table 20. SWOC Analysis for Disaster Preparedness

Disaster Availability of Limited manpower Effectively inform Climate change
Preparedness evacuation the public about effect
centers Insufficient disaster
equipment for a awareness and Outdated
Equipment specific disaster preparedness equipment
maintenance (case to case
basis) Apply new Lack of public
Committed technology or knowledge
workforce prior or innovation
during disaster
Workshop or
training for
disaster
preparedness
5.1.3 Disaster Response

Disaster response is defined as the “provision of emergency services and public
assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts,
ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected. Disaster
response is predominantly focused on immediate and short-term needs and is sometimes
called disaster relief”.
It encompasses a range of activities that are undertaken in the course of a disaster. It

covers needs assessments, search and rescue operations, relief efforts, and early recovery
initiatives. Needs assessment involves the systematic evaluation of the requirements and
priorities of affected individuals and communities, enabling response efforts to be tailored to
their specific needs. Search and rescue operations entail the deployment of trained personnel
and resources to locate and extract individuals who may be trapped or in immediate danger
as a result of the disaster. Relief operations encompass the provision of essential supplies, such
as food, water, shelter, and medical assistance, to affected populations. Lastly, early recovery
initiatives entail the meticulous restoration of crucial services, livelihood opportunities,
governance structures, security measures, adherence to the rule of law, environmental
conditions, and social dimensions, with the ultimate goal of reinstating their functionality. This
phase of disaster response is vital in facilitating the return to normalcy and enabling affected
communities to rebuild and regain stability in the aftermath of a disaster.
It is an advantage that the DRRM personnel of the city of Santa Rosa is knowledgeable
and well-trained. There is also a complete emergency response equipment and assured
prompt assistance to victims.
Nevertheless, there is a confusion on staff in the decision-making process during the

response. Also, there is a lack of effective coordination between organization. Aside from this,
key personnel also experience role and responsibility conflict and challenges on
communicating about facilities and coordination with barangays during event of disasters.
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For this reason, it is put forward to continuously inform the public about disaster
response, hold regular training of staff for emergency response, and conduct training of
barangays for emergency response.
Table 21. SWOC Analysis for Disaster Response

Disaster Knowledgeable Confusion of staff Inform public Role and
Response and well-trained in the decision- about disaster responsibility
staff making process response conflict
during the
Complete response Hold regular Communication
emergency training of staff for challenges about
response Lack of effective emergency facilities and with
equipment coordination response barangays during
between event
Assured prompt organization To conduct
assistance to training of
victims barangays for
emergency
response
5.1.4 Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery

Under Section 3 of Republic Act No. 10121, rehabilitation and recovery are defined as
measures that ensure the ability of affecting communities and/or areas to restore their normal
level of functioning by rebuilding livelihood and damaged infrastructure and increasing the
communities’ organizational capacity.
Likewise, as per IRR Rule 2 Section 1, post disaster recovery is the restoration and
improvement where appropriate, of facilities, livelihood and living conditions of disaster-
affected communities, including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors, in accordance with the
principles of “build back better”.
This process involves various measures and interventions aimed at facilitating the
recovery and restoration of affected individuals, households, and communities to their pre-
disaster state. The ultimate goal of rehabilitation is to enable the affected populations to
regain their physical, social, economic, and psychological well-being, thereby fostering
resilience and sustainable development in disaster-prone areas. In order to enhance the
efficiency of rehabilitation efforts following disasters, communities can adopt a range of
strategies. One (1) such approach involves the implementation of improved recovery policies,
which can help streamline the recovery process and ensure that resources are allocated
effectively. These policies may include guidelines for the allocation of funds, the establishment
of clear roles and responsibilities for various stakeholders, and the development of
comprehensive disaster management plans. Furthermore, communities can benefit from the
generation of post-disaster assistance. This can be achieved through collaboration with
national government agencies (NGAs) and non-government organizations (NGOs), as well as
through the establishment of partnerships with other communities that have successfully
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recovered from similar disasters. By leveraging external resources and expertise, communities
can enhance their capacity to rebuild and recover in a more efficient manner.
The Rehabilitation and Recovery aspect of DRRM cover areas like employment and
livelihoods, infrastructure and lifeline facilities, housing and resettlement, among others. These
are recovery efforts done when people are already outside of the evacuation centers
In the city, there is an available fund for rehabilitation. Rehabilitation and recovery
activities in the financial assistance will be provided to the victims of disasters in the city.
Moreso, there are trained staff for clearing operations.
In spite of that, there is a lack of relocation site or resettlement areas for victims of
disaster. Lack of facilities or resettlement area for pets and animals is also one shortcoming on
disaster rehabilitation and recovery of Santa Rosa.
Accordingly, it is viewed as a room for action are the inhabitants in high-risk areas
should be relocated. Restore and improve facilities, and livelihood of affected communities
and reduce disaster risk can also be done.
Considering these, there is a lack of infrastructure facilities, conflict between host and
affected victims, and dependency if victims to relief goods.
Table 22. SWOC Analysis for Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery

Disaster Fund for Lack of relocation Inhabitants in Lack of
Rehabilitation rehabilitation site or high-risk areas infrastructure
and Recovery resettlement area should be facilities
Rehabilitation relocated
and recovery Lack of facilities or Conflict between
activities in the resettlement area Restore and host and affected
financial for pets and improve facilities, victims
assistance that animals and livelihood of
will be provided affected Affected victims
to the victims of communities and dependency to
disasters in the reduce disaster relief goods
city risk
Trained staff for

clearing
operations
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CHAPTER 6 THEMATIC AREA PLAN (PER THEMATIC AREA)
6.1 DRRM Vision

Establishing a link between DRRM and the vision statement of the city is crucial
particularly in the context of the NDRRMP as this connection serves to be the fundamental
basis for the CDRRMP. To seek growth and development, it is important for the city to integrate
the principles of sustainability, resilience, and climate consciousness into every facet of its
development goals. By doing so, the city can ensure that its growth is not only economically
and socially beneficial but also environmentally responsible and capable of withstanding
potential challenges and disruptions. In a bigger perspective, this holistic approach adheres
to the national aspiration of providing a “strategic direction” toward a “disaster and climate-
resilient” Philippines (NDRRMC and OCD, 2013).
The vision of the national government is to create communities that are safer, more
adaptive, and more resilient to disasters, with the ultimate goal of achieving sustainable
development. This vision encompasses an integrated approach to address the challenges
posed by natural and man-made hazards, aiming to minimize their adverse impacts on
individuals, communities, and the environment. The concept of transitioning from a passive
role to an active role in DRRM represents a significant paradigm shift that is more aligned with
the vision. This shift entails a fundamental change in mindset and behavior, whereby individuals
and communities move away from a passive stance of relying solely on external assistance
during disasters and instead embrace an active role as contributors to DRRM efforts. The vision
is to enhance the knowledge and comprehension of every individual in the Philippines
regarding DRRM and bolster the resilience of the populace and diminish their susceptibilities
to both hazards and the impacts of climate change.
“A Resilient, Safe and Secured, Transport-Friendly and Green City with Healthy,
Productive, Connected and Empowered Citizenry served by an Efficient,
Transparent, Inclusive, and Participatory Government.”
LDRRM plays a vital role in creating a locally-competitive commercial hub and a

sustainable environment. By safeguarding critical infrastructure, ensuring business continuity,
promoting social stability, building a positive reputation, and fostering sustainable
development, the city can position itself as an attractive and resilient destination for
businesses, investors, and residents alike. DRRM can help achieve the following:
1. Economic stability: A globally-competitive commercial city aims to attract investments,

businesses, and industries. Effective DRRM measures ensure the protection of critical
infrastructure, such as power plants, transportation networks, and communication systems.
Minimizing the vulnerability of these assets to disasters can help Santa Rosa maintain
economic stability, retain investors, and foster sustainable development.
2. Business continuity: Disasters can severely disrupt the operations of businesses. By

implementing robust disaster risk reduction strategies, the city can minimize the impact of
disasters on local enterprises. This ensures business continuity, which is crucial for maintaining
a competitive edge in the global market. Companies are more likely to invest in and
establish their operations in localities that are well-prepared to handle potential disasters.
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3. Social stability: Disaster events often result in significant social and humanitarian
consequences. By prioritizing DRRM, the city can protect its residents and promote social
stability. When communities feel safe and secure, they are more likely to contribute to the
community's growth and development. This, in turn, enhances the town's overall
competitiveness.
4. Reputation and image: A town that demonstrates a proactive and effective approach to
DRRM gains a positive reputation both locally and internationally. This reputation attracts
businesses, tourists, and investments, thereby increasing the town's competitiveness.
Additionally, a town known for its resilience and preparedness can inspire other communities
to follow suit and adopt similar practices.
5. Sustainable development: DRRM is an integral component of sustainable development. By

incorporating risk reduction measures into urban planning and development, the city can
create a safer and more resilient environment. This enhances the quality of life for its
residents, preserves natural resources, and ensures long-term economic viability—all of
which contribute to global competitiveness.
6.2 Goals, Objectives, and Outcomes

6.2.1 Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
For disaster prevention and mitigation, the goal of the city is to “avoid hazards and
mitigate their potential impacts by reducing vulnerabilities and exposure and enhancing
capacities of communities” The goal emphasizes the importance of taking proactive
measures to minimize the adverse impacts of disasters and reduce the risks associated with
both natural and man-made hazards at the community level. To achieve this, it is essential to
integrate risk management into local policies, programs, and projects. Integrated risk
management involves a comprehensive approach that considers all phases of the disaster
management cycle. By mainstreaming integrated risk management, it means embedding risk
reduction principles, strategies, and practices into the core activities and decision-making
processes of the local government. Below are the objectives under prevention and mitigation:
• Reduce vulnerability and exposure of communities of all hazards; and

• Enhance capacities of communities to reduce their own risks and cope with the
impacts of all hazard
Table 23. Goals, Objectives, and Outcomes for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Prevention and Mitigation
151
Goal: Avoid hazards and mitigate their potential impacts by reducing vulnerabilities and exposure
and enhancing capacities of communities
Objectives:
1. Reduce vulnerability and exposure of communities of all hazards
2. Enhance capacities of communities to reduce their own risks and cope with the impacts of
all hazard
Outcomes:
1. DRRM and CCA mainstreamed and integrated in national, sectoral, regional and local
development policies, plans and budget
2. DRRM and CCA-sensitive environmental management
3. Increased disaster resiliency of infrastructure system
4. Community based and scientific DRRCCA assessment, mapping, analysis and monitoring
5. Communities have access to effective and applicable disaster risk financing and insurance
6. End-to-end monitoring, forecasting and early warning systems are established and/or
improved
6.1.1.1 Program, Projects, Activities, Outputs, and Indicators (Disaster Prevention

and Mitigation)
In the effort of increased dengue cases, the city will develop a Dengue Prevention and
Control Program. This project aims to reduce dengue incident in 18 barangays. To
complement this, the city will support the reduction of dengue cases through procurement of
chemicals, capability building activities and procurement of hazard suit. By implementing
proactive measures such as urban search training and insurance of Civil Society Organization
Volunteer, the city aims to safeguard the community's health and prevent dengue outbreaks.
The city also recognizes the vulnerabilities of residents of Santa Rosa on epidemic
outbreaks. This plan includes assessment of affected barangays for possible epidemic,
mapping of possible high-risk areas as well as areas for shelters during emergencies, law
enforcement, preparation and implementation of health ordinances, and information
dissemination through tri-media. It enables the city to identify percentage of high risk areas at
18 barangays and spread awareness.
As part of long-term risk reduction in terms of earthquake, the city will implement
rehabilitation of unsafe infrastructures/buildings and inspection of buildings for compliance
with building codes on structural safety. The activities aim to study and identify the percentage
of unsafe infrastructures and buildings and to inspect all building for structural safety,
respectively. To complement this, the city will support the identification of number of buildings
and other infrastructures to be insured.
The strict implementation of continuing dialogue and information dissemination and

freedom of information program is essential for avoiding mass action and civil disturbance
within the city. By enforcing this, the city ensures conduct of dialogues and relay information
to all residents of Santa Rosa are regularly done to educate the general public.
To support the fire prevention program, there will be an initiative to rehabilitate fire
hazard infrastructures/buildings and inspection of buildings for compliance with building codes
on human safety. Working closely with fire rescue team, the program aims to check and
inspect the percentage of buildings and infrastructure and conduct an inspection on buildings
fire safety.
To tackle the issue of typhoon and flooding, the city will focus on the maintenance of
a functional drainage system. Moreso, the mapping and identification of flood prone
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barangays and profiling of households enables the surveying of residents and map the flood
prone areas at 18 barangays.
Table 24. Programs, Projects, and Activities for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Source
Programs/ Key Lead and
Activities Targets Timeframe
Projects Outputs Office Amoun
t
Dengue Procurement of To reduce Dengue CDRRMO Annually LDRRM
Prevention chemicals dengue fever have F
and incident in decreased
Control Capability building 18 in 18
Program activities barangays barangays
Procurement of
hazard suit
Urban search
training
Insurance of Civil
Society
Organization
Volunteer
Proposed To reduce Canal CDRRM Annually LDRRM
dredging/desilting of overflowing overflows and F
Santa Rosa River and and Engineerin
clogging of clogging g Office
Construction/ canals at 18 were
improvements of barangays reduced in
canals 18
barangays
Riprapping of river To avoid River water CDRRM Every 2 years LDRRM
walls landslide of levels were and F
river edge regulated in Engineerin
Construction of and to 18 g Office
dams and catch control barangays
basin on the water level
existing river of rivers at
18
barangays
Epidemic Assessment of To assess Affected CDRRM During outbreak LDRRM
Outbreaks affected barangays affected residents in and City F
for possible residents of 18 Health
Epidemic 18 barangays Office
Barangays were
assessed
Risk Assessment To identify At 18 CDRRM During outbreak LDRRM
percentage barangays, and City F
Mapping of possible of high risk a Health
high-risk areas as areas at 18 percentage Office
well as areas for barangays of people
shelters during who are at
emergencies high risk
has been
identified
153
Law enforcement, To inform Awareness CDRRM Annually LDRRM

preparation and individuals and and City F
implementation of preparedne Health
health ordinances ss of all Office
residents of
Santa Rosa
Information Awareness Residents CDRRM Quarterly/depend LDRRM
dissemination of of 18 and City ing on the F
through tri-media individuals barangays Health situation
are well- Office
informed
Revision of disaster To study Revised CDRRMO Annually LDRRM
mitigation plan and revise plan F
based on evaluation plan completed
Earthquake Rehabilitation of To study Santa CDRRMO After disaster LDRRM
unsafe and identify Rosa’s and occurred F
infrastructures/buildi the infrastructur Damage
ngs percentage e and Control
of unsafe buildings and
Periodic infrastructur were Engineerin
structural/Fire es and entirely g Services
inspection buildings rehabilitated
Insuring all buildings To identify Insured all CDRRMO Annually LDRRM
and other the number buildings and F
infrastructure of buildings and Damage
and other infrastructur Control
infrastructur es of City and
es to be Governmen Engineerin
insured t of Santa g Services
Rosa under
GSIS
Inspection of To inspect The CDRRMO Annually LDRRM
buildings for all building structural and F
compliance with for safety of all Damage
building codes on structural building is Control
structural safety safety tested and and
inspected Engineerin
g Services
Mass Continuing dialogue To conduct Dialogues LGU Regularly LDRRM
Action and and information dialogues or forum F
Civil dissemination and relay were
Disturbanc information conducted
e to all to all the
residents of residnets of
Santa Rosa Santa Rosa
regularly
Freedom of To educate Awareness DILG Annually LDRRM
information program general of general F
public public
regarding
Freedom of
Information
Program
Fire Rehabilitation of fire To check Percentage BFP/Dama Annually LDRRM
Conflagrati hazard and inspect of buildings ge Control F
on infrastructures/ the and and
buildings percentage infrastructur
154
of buildings es Engineerin
and inspected g Service
infrastructur and
e rehabilitated
Inspection of To conduct Fire safety BFP/Dama Annually LDRRM
buildings for an inspection ge Control F
compliance with inspection on buildings and
building codes on on buildings were Engineerin
human safety fire safety conducted g Service
Typhoons Mapping and To survey Residents Intelligence Annually LDRRM
and Floods Identification of the at 18 and F
flood prone residents barangays Disaster
barangays and map were Analysis
the flood surveyed Unit
Profiling of prone areas and
households at 18 mapped all CSWD
barangays the flood
prone areas
Maintenance of To maintain Percentage Damage Annually LDRRM
functional drainage and check of drainage Control F
system the system and
drainage maintained Engineerin
system g Service
6.1.2 Disaster Preparedness

For disaster preparedness, the goal is to foster a “establish and strengthen capacities
of communities to anticipate, cope and recover from the negative impacts of emergency
occurrences and disaster”. The goal is focused on building a resilient and proactive
community that is well-prepared to face disasters and minimize their adverse effects. It
emphasizes the importance of empowering individuals, households, and communities with the
necessary knowledge, skills, and resources.
To attain this, several key elements are essential. Firstly, education and awareness play
a vital role. It is crucial to provide comprehensive and accessible information about various
hazards, their potential impacts, and effective risk reduction strategies. This includes educating
community members on disaster preparedness, early warning systems, evacuation
procedures, and the importance of resilience-building measures. Equipping the community
with practical skills is another important aspect. This involves providing training programs and
capacity-building initiatives that teach community members essential skills such as first aid,
search and rescue techniques, emergency response, and basic disaster management
principles. By empowering individuals with these skills, they can actively contribute to disaster
response efforts and assist others during critical situations. Below are the objectives under
disaster preparedness:
• To increase the level of awareness of the community to the threats;

• To equip the community with the necessary skills to cope with the negative impacts
of a disaster;
• To increase the capacity of institutions;
• To develop and implement comprehensive local disaster preparedness policies,
plans and system; and
155
• To strengthen partnership among all key players and stakeholders
Table 25. Goals, Objectives, and Outcomes for Disaster Preparedness

Preparedness
Goal: Establish and strengthen capacities of communities to anticipate, cope and recover from the
negative impacts of emergency occurrences and disaster
Objectives:
1. To increase the level of awareness of the community to the threats
2. To equip the community with the necessary skills to cope with the negative impacts of a
disaster
3. To increase the capacity of institutions
4. To develop and implement comprehensive local disaster preparedness policies, plans and
system
5. To strengthen partnership among all key players and stakeholders
Outcomes:
1. Increased level of awareness and enhance capacity of the community to the threats and
impacts of all hazards
2. Communities are equipped with necessary skills and capability to cope with the impacts of
disasters
3. Increased DRRM and CCA capacity of LDRRM Councils and Offices and Operations
Center at all levels
4. Developed and implemented comprehensive local preparedness policies, plans and
systems
5. Strengthened partnership and coordination among all key players and stakeholders
6.1.2.1 Program, Projects, Activities, Outputs, and Indicators (Disaster Preparedness)

In the effort of institutional capacity, the city will engage on procurement of IT
equipment and software to gather data source, Disaster Preparedness Program to educate
and prepare the residents of Santa Rosa, Stockpiling of adequate portable water supply
during calamities to provide clean water, Installation of early warning and emergency
communication system to give in advance warning to Santa Rosa residents, Procurement of
portable power generator to provide power supply during power loss, and Procurement of
adequate emergency related tools and equipment to provide tools needed in any incidents
or disasters.
outbreaks. This plan includes conduct of capability building activities (e.g., drill exercises and
trainings) to conduct seminars and training to CDRRM/BDRRM workers for contact tracing and
awareness, procurement of necessary medicines and supplies to provide adequate supply of
medicine during emergencies, establishment of evacuation center network to give and
provide residents a shelter during emergency, enhancement of communication system to
provide two-way digital radio for better communication, networking with CSO and other
concerned agencies to conduct seminar and training for CSO and concerned agencies for
awareness on emergency response, and ensure disaster readiness of hospitals and clinics and
other agencies to conduct training and preparedness seminars to the medical personnel.
As part of long-term risk reduction in terms of earthquake, the city will need heavy
equipment for rescue operations and evacuations. Moreso, the DRRM personnel will conduct
seminars, drills and exercises on earthquake preparedness and response to give awareness
156
and preparedness of the city residents on earthquake and stockpiling of necessary relief goods
for preparedness in case of outbreak.
The strict implementation of coordination meetings among members of

POC/SRCDRRMC give awareness on coordination. By conduct of periodic drills and exercises
on crowd control and procurement of needed logistical requirements aims for preparedness
of related offices on mass actions. Further, conduct of dialogues with cause-oriented groups
lessen and avoid civil disturbance on the city.
To support the fire prevention program, there will be an initiative to procure the needed
firefighting equipment such as firetrucks and fire extinguishers, conduct of seminars, drills and
exercises on fire preparedness and response, distribution of leaflets to all residents, stockpiling
of necessary relief goods, and organizing fire volunteers among barangay members, private
sectors and companies to give awareness in preparation of the general public.
To tackle the issue of typhoon and flooding, the city will focus on the procurement of
rescue operation equipment and transportation, stockpiling of necessary relief goods,
organizing rescue volunteers, and installation of early warning device for prepared and
monitoring.
Table 26. Programs, Projects, and Activities for Disaster Preparedness

Sourc
Program
Timefra e and
s/ Activities Targets Key Outputs Lead Office
me Amou
Projects
nt
Institution Procurement of Gather data IT equimenyt and CDRRMO Monthly LDRR
al IT equipment source software MF
Capacity and software procured/database
storage
Identification/T Families To lessen the CDRRMO Annually LDRR
agging of nearby number of MF
areas, families flooding area incidents
and persons
vulnerable to
flooding for
dispatching
Disaster To educate CDRRM Plan CDRRMO Annually LDRR
preparedness and prepare documents MF
program the residents prepared
of Santa
Rosa
Stockpiling of To provide Stockpiled two CDRRMO As LDRR
adequate clean water sets of portable needed MF
portable water water purifier
supply during (Future-Tech)
calamities
Installation of To give in Installed stand- CDRRMO As LDRR
early warning advance alone mobile mini needed MF
and emergency warning to cell site based on
communication Santa Rosa GSM technology
system residents mobile
Procurement of To provide Portable power CDRRMO As LDRR
portable power power supply generator 25KVA needed MF
generator during power procured (6 sets
loss Olympus gasoline
generator)
157
Sourc
Program
Timefra e and
me Amou
Projects
nt
Procurement of To provide CDRRMO As LDRR
adequate tools needed needed MF
emergency in any
related tools incidents or
and equipment disasters
Epidemic Conduct of To conduct All CDRRMO/Health Semi- LDRR
Outbreak capability seminars and CDRRM/BDRRM Service annual MF
building training to workers were
activities (e.g., CDRRM/BD given seminars
drill exercises RRM workers and trainings on
and trainings) for contact disease outbreaks
tracing and
awareness
Procurement of To provide Stockpiled CDRRMO/Health As LDRR
necessary adequate necessary and Service needed MF
medicines and supply of enough medicines
supplies medicine
during
emergencies
Established of To give and Readiness of Health Service/ During LDRR
evacuation provide evacuation centers Communication outbrea MF
center network residents a and Warning k
shelter during Services
emergency
Enhancement To provide 2 Stockpiled tools Health Service/ Annually LDRR
of way digital and equipment Communication /As MF
communication radio for (e.g., tents, hard and Warning needed
system better hats, full body Services
communicati harness
on
Networking To conduct Provided adequate CDRRMO/Health Annually LDRR
with CSO and seminar and 2 way digital radio Service MF
other training for to PNP, Traffic
concerned CSO and and Emergency
agencies concerned response
agencies for Personnel for
awareness better
on communication
emergency
response
Ensuring To conduct Seminars CDRRMO/Health Annually LDRR
disaster training and conducted on Service MF
readiness of preparednes organized CSO
hospitals and s seminars to
clinics and the medical
other agencies personnel
Earthqua Procurement of Preparednes Stocpiled needed CDRRMO/Supply As LDRR
ke needed heavy s in case of heavy equipment Service needed MF
equipment for outbreak for rescue
rescue operation and
operations and evacuation
evacuations
158
Sourc
Program
Timefra e and
me Amou
Projects
nt
Conduct To give Conducted CDRRMO/DepEd Quarterl LDRR
seminars, drills awareness seminars and drills City/PIO y MF
and exercises and to the city
on earthquake preparednes residents
preparedness s of the city
and response residents on
earthquake
Distribution of To give Leaflets were CDRRMO/Relief Annually LDRR
leaflets to all awareness distributed to the Service/CSWD MF
residents and residents
preparednes
s of the city
residents on
earthquake
Stockpiling of Preparednes Stockpiled CDRRMO/Relief Annually LDRR
necessary s in case of adequate relief Service/CSWD /As MF
relief goods outbreak goods for the needed
casualty
Mass Conduct To give Seminars on CDRRMO/POC As LDRR
Action coordination awareness coordination needed MF
and Civil meetings on awareness were
Disturban among coordination attended by
ce members of with the personnel from 18
POC/SRCDRR POC/SRCDR CDRRMO/PNPbar
MC RMC and angays
Barangay
staff
Conduct For the Conducted CDRRMO/PNP As LDRR
periodic drills preparednes exercises on needed MF
and exercises s of crowd crowd control with
on crowd control concerned offices
control
Conduct To lessen Conducted CDRRMO/POC/PN As LDRR
dialogues with and avoid dialogues with all P needed MF
cause-oriented civil the leaders of
groups disturbance cause-oriented
on the city groups
Procurement of Preparednes Procured CDRRMO/POC/PN As LDRR
needed s of related adequate logistical P needed MF
logistical offices in requirements
requirements case of mass
action
Fire Procurement of Preparednes Needed CDRRMO/Supply As LDRR
Conflagra needed s of related equipment and Service needed MF
tion firefighting offices in vehicles were
equipment case of fire procured
such as conflagration
firetrucks and occurs
fire
extinguishers
Conduct of To give Conducted CDRRMO/BFP/Dep Quarterl LDRR
seminars, drills awareness in seminars and drills Ed/City PIO y MF
and exercises preparation to all government
159
Sourc
Program
Timefra e and
me Amou
Projects
nt
on fire of the personnel and
preparedness general private sector
and response public personnel
Distribution of To give 85% of residents CDRRMO/BFP/Dep Annually LDRR
leaflets to all knowledge to received the Ed/City PIO MF
residents the general leaflets on fire
public conflagration
Stockpiling of Preparednes Stockpiled CDRRMO/Relief Annually LDRR
necessary s and to be adequate relief Service/CSWD /as MF
relief goods used by the goods for the needed
casualty of casualty
fire
Organizing fir Preparednes Organized training CDRRMO/BFP Annually LDRR
volunteers s and and seminars MF
among awareness among private
barangay and to give sector and
members, knowledge companies and
private sectors on fire barangay fire
and companies prevention volunteers
Typhoon Procurement of Preparednes Stockpiled rescue CDRRMO/Relief Annually LDRR
and rescue s of the vehicles and Service/CSWD /As MF
Floods operation emergency operational needed
equipment and personnel in equipment
transportation case of
emergency
Stockpiling of To be used Stockpiled CDRRMO/Relief Annually LDRR
necessary by casualty in adequate relief Service/CSWD /As MF
relief goods case of goods for the needed
emergency casualty
Conduct, To give Conducted drills CDRRMO/Plan and Annually LDRR
exercises and awareness in and exercises to Operations Units MF
seminars preparation emergency
of the response and
general other related
public offices
Organizing For the Conducted CDRRMO/Plan and Annually LDRR
rescue readiness of seminars to all Operations Units MF
volunteers barangay barangays and
volunteers private sector
and private volunteers
sector
Installation of To monitor Installed early CDRRMO/Plan and Annually LDRR
early warning and give in warning devices at Operations Units MF
device advance all flood prone
warning to area at the city
the residents
of flood
prone area at
the city
160
6.1.3 Disaster Response

The goal for disaster response is have “provide life preservation and meet the basic
subsistence needs of affected population based on acceptable standards during or
immediately after a disaster”. The goal emphasizes the importance of providing the response
team with the necessary resources, tools, and equipment to effectively carry out their duties
during disasters. This includes items such as emergency vehicles, communication systems,
personal protective equipment, medical supplies, and search and rescue equipment. By
ensuring that the response team is well-equipped, they can respond promptly and efficiently
to emergencies, thereby minimizing risks and saving lives.
The goal likewise highlights the significance of providing comprehensive training and
education to the response team. Training should cover various areas, including disaster
response protocols, ICS, first aid and medical response, search and rescue techniques,
communication procedures, and coordination with other agencies and stakeholders. By
equipping the response team with the necessary knowledge and skills, they can make
informed decisions, effectively coordinate response efforts, and provide appropriate
assistance to affected individuals and communities. Below are the objectives under disaster
response:
• Decrease number of preventable deaths and injuries;

• Provide basic subsistence needs of affected population; and
• Immediately restore basic social services.
Table 27. Goals, Objectives, and Outcomes for Disaster Response

Response
Goal: Provide life preservation and meet the basic subsistence needs of affected population based
on acceptable standards during or immediately after a disaster
Objectives:
1. Decrease number of preventable deaths and injuries
2. Provide basic subsistence needs of affected population
3. Immediately restore basic social services
Outcomes:
1. Deaths were avoided, and injuries were reduced
2. Basic needs of affected population are met
3. Basic social services have been re-established
6.1.3.1 Program, Projects, Activities, Outputs, and Indicators (Disaster Response)

In the effort of institutional capacity, the city will engage on 24/7 Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Operations to provide first response to the citizens in need,
Disaster/Emergency Quick Response to reduce the injuries and deaths during disaster and
Coordination of all SRCDRRMC for Proper coordination of CDRRM councils during
Disaster/Emergency.
outbreaks. This plan includes mobilization of the response teams to ensure a faster and better
response within the area of responsibility, networking with CSO and other concerned agencies
to collaborate with CSO and other organizations, activation of different hospitals and clinics
for possible admission and early treatment of affected citizen to ensure the availability of
facilities when needed, first aid treatment emergency cases/prioritizing patients for treatment
to ensure that patients who needs first aid treatment, treatment of the affected
161
patients/provision of medicines and supplies needed, immunization or vector control to

prevent and mitigate impact of decease or epidemic on people, and provision of additional
shelters as temporary isolation areas to prevent the spread of decease to other people.
As part of long-term risk reduction in terms of earthquake, the city will implement the
following: (1) Activation and mobilization of SRCDRRM to ensure a faster and better response
within the affected area; (2) Mobilization of all necessary transportation for evacuation and
victims to make the evacuation process of the affected citizen go more quickly; (3) Clearing
of blocked roads to ensure that disaster victims are transported as quickly as possible; (4)
Mobilization of all doctors/nurses for medical treatment operation to immediately assist and
treat the injured victims in a specific area; (5) Distribution of relief goods to ensure that those in
need received adequate relief goods; (6) Provision of temporary shelters to affected victims
to provide safe temporary shelters for the victims of disaster; (7) Critical incident stress
debriefing to help the victims process the trauma and lessen stress during disaster; and (8)
Mobilization of heavy equipment to rescue trapped victims to immediately rescue the trapped
victims during disaster.
The deliberation of State of Calamity gives awareness on mass action and civil
disturbance. Likewise, deployment of crowd dispersal teams provides crown control on a
certain area. While deployment of medical teams and firefighting units ensure the immediate
response to the disaster victims. Further, proper coordination of CDRRMC members during
disaster or emergencies.
To tackle the issue of typhoon and fire incidents, the city will focus on the following: (1)
Activation and mobilization of SRCDDMC; (2) Mobilization of all fire volunteers; (3) Mobilization
of PNP/Barangay Public Safety Officers in directing traffic and security; (4) Extension of medical
assistance to fire victim; (5) Distribution of relief goods to the victim; (6) Extension of temporary
shelters to victims; and (7) Critical incident distress debriefing.
Table 28. Programs, Projects, and Activities for Disaster Response
Sourc
Program
Key Timefra e and
s/ Activities Targets Lead Office
Outputs me Amou
Projects
nt
24/7 Disaster To provide first Services CDRRMO 24/7 LDRR
Risk Reduction response to were MF
and the citizens in available to
Management need citizens 24
Operations hours a day.
Seven days
a week
Disaster/Emer To reduce the Injuries and CDRRMO 24/7 LDRR
gency Quick injuries and fatalities MF
Response deaths during were
disaster avoided.
Damage to
buildings,
stock, and
equipment
has been
reduced
162
Security in To secure the Evacuees CDRRMO 24/7 LDRR

Evacuation evacuees were kept MF
Center within safe within
evacuation the
area evacuation
zone
Coordination Proper CDRRM CDRRM 24/7 LDRR
of all coordination of councils are Councils MF
SRCDRRMC CDRRM well
councils during coordinated
Disaster/Emer during event
gency
Epidemic Mobilization of To ensure a Better CHO/CDRRM Depend LDRR
Outbreak the response faster and collaboratio O s on MF
teams better n with the situation
response emergency (outbrea
within the area resppnse k)
of team
responsibility
Networking To collaborate Enhance CHO Annuall LDRR
with CSO and with CSO and the power y MF
other other and
concerned organizations influence of
agencies citizen voice
in
advocating
for policies
and
improving
governance
Activation of To ensure the The CHO/CDRRM Depend LDRR
different availability of hospitals O s on MF
hospitals and facilities when and clinics situation
clinics for needed are ready to (outbrea
possible accommoda k)
admission and te affected
early treatment citizens
of affected
citizen
First aid To ensure that Citizens/pati CHO/CDRRM Annuall LDRR
treatment patients who ents will O y MF
emergency needs first aid immediately
cases/prioritizi treatment have
ng patients for treated
treatment during
emergency
Treatment of To prevent and Medicines CHO/CDRRM Annuall LDRR
the affected mitigate impact and O y MF
patients/provisi of decease or supplies are
on of epidemic on given to
medicines and people
163
supplies affected
needed, people
immunization
or vector
control
Provision of To prevent the More CHO/CDRRM Annuall LDRR
additional spread of shelters will O y MF
shelters as decease to be provided
temporary other people to the
isolation areas people who
needs
isolation
Earthqua Activation and To ensure a Better CHO/CDRRM 24/7 LDRR
ke mobilization of faster and coordination O MF
SRCDRRM better with the
response emergency
within the response
affected area team
Mobilization of To make the Bringing CDRRMO 24/7 LDRR
all necessary evacuation first MF
transportation process of the responders
for evacuation affected citizen to the area,
and victims go more as well as
quickly provided
faster
transportati
on to
medical
institutions
for the
disaster
victim/injure
d citizen
Clearing of To ensure that Faster CDRRMO As LDRR
blocked roads disaster transportati needed MF
victims are on provided (during
transported as to the disaster
quickly as injured or )
possible disaster
victim
Mobilization of To immediately Doctors and CDRRMO As LDRR
all assist and nurses have needed MF
doctors/nurses treat the been (during
for medical injured victims mobilized disaster
treatment in a specific and ready )
operation area to respond
without
sacrificing
the
manpower
in other
locations
164
Distribution of To ensure that Relief CDRRMO As LDRR

relief goods those in need goods are needed MF
received well (during
adequate relief provided disaster
goods )
Provision of To provide Safe and CDRRMO As LDRR
temporary safe temporary clean needed MF
shelters to shelters for the temporary (during
affected victims of shelters are disaster
victims disaster provided to )
the victims
of disaster
Critical To help the Debriefing CDRRMO As LDRR
incident stress victims offered and needed MF
debriefing process the lowered the (during
trauma and risk of disaster
lessen stress psychologic )
during disaster al injury in
the event of
a disaster
Mobilization of To immediately During CDRRMO As LDRR
heavy rescue the event faster needed MF
equipment to trapped victims response to (during
rescue trapped during disaster the trapped disaster
victims victim was )
provided
Mass Deliberation of To immediately Impose LGU/CDRRMO As LDRR
Action State of inform the price needed MF
and Civil Calamity public the ceilings on (during
Disturban information of basic disaster
ce state of necessities )
calamity and key
commoditie
s, repair
and
upgrade
public
infrastructur
e and
facilities
Deployment of To provide Civil and CDRRMO/PNP As LDRR
crowd crown control unrest is needed MF
dispersal on a certain addressed (during
teams area to civil disaster
)
Deployment of To ensure the Faster CDRRMO/BFP As LDRR
medical teams immediate response /CHO needed MF
and firefighting response to was (during
units the disaster provided to disaster
victims disaster )
victims
165

incident areas victims offered and needed MF
debriefing process the lowered the (during
trauma and risk of disaster
the event of
disaster
Coordination Proper CDRRMC CDRRMO 24/7 LDRR
of coordination of members MF
SRCDRRMC CDRRMC are well
members coordinated
during disaster during event
or
emergencies
Fire Activation and SRCDRRMC Immediate CDRRM 24/7 LDRR
Conflagra mobilization of are ready to response of Councils MF
tion SRCDDMC act when SRCDRRM
needed C during
disaster
Mobilization of To place Immediate CDRRMO/BFP As LDRR
all fire volunteers in response of needed MF
volunteers area where fire (during
they required volungteers disaster
in the event of in the event )
fire of fire
Mobilization of Police and Police and PNP/Barangay As LDRR
PNP/Barangay Barangay are barangay Officials needed MF
Public Safety ready to act assistance (during
Officers in immediately are disaster
directing traffic when needed provided to )
and security assigned
area
Extension of To ensure the Immediate CHO/CDRRM As LDRR
medical immediate treatment O needed MF
assistance to treatment to provided to (during
fire victim the fire victim the fire disaster
victim )
relief goods to those in need goods are needed MF
the victim received well (during
goods )
Extension of Provision of Temporary CDRRMO As LDRR
temporary temporary shelters are needed MF
shelters to shelters to the provided to (during
victims affected the affected disaster
citizens as citizen )
needed
incident victims offered and needed MF
166
distress process the lowered the (during

debriefing trauma and risk of disaster
the event of
a disaster
Typhoons Activation and SRCDRRMC Immediate CDRRM 24/7 LDRR
and mobilization of are ready to response of Councils MF
Floods SRCDDMC act when SRCDRRM
needed C during
disaster
Mobilization of To place Immediate CDRRMO/BFP As LDRR
all fire volunteers in response of needed MF
volunteers area where fire (during
they required volungteers disaster
in the event of in the event )
fire of fire
Mobilization of Police and Police and PNP/Barangay As LDRR
PNP/Barangay Barangay are barangay Officials needed MF
Public Safety ready to act assistance (during
Officers in immediately are disaster
directing traffic when needed provided to )
and security assigned
area
Extension of To ensure the Immediate CHO/CDRRM As LDRR
medical immediate treatment O needed MF
assistance to treatment to provided to (during
fire victim the fire victim the fire disaster
victim )
relief goods to those in need goods are needed MF
the victim received well (during
goods )
Extension of Provision of Temporary CDRRMO As LDRR
temporary temporary shelters are needed MF
shelters to shelters to the provided to (during
victims affected the affected disaster
citizens as citizen )
needed
incident victims offered and needed MF
distress process the lowered the (during
debriefing trauma and risk of disaster
the event of
a disaster
167
6.1.4 Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery

For disaster rehabilitation and recovery, the goal of the city is to “restore and improve
facilities, livelihood and living conditions and organizational capacities of affected
communities, and reduce disaster risks in accordance with the “build back better” principle”.
When a disaster strikes, the normal functioning of a community can be severely disrupted,
causing damage to critical infrastructure, disrupting essential services, and compromising the
well-being of the population. This goal is centered around rebuilding and revitalizing the
affected community in the aftermath of a disaster. It aims to ensure that the community's
essential services are reinstated, and its members have access to the fundamental resources
needed to meet their basic needs. It recognizes the importance of restoring the community's
pre-disaster condition by improving the delivery of services and ensuring access to basic
necessities, such as clean water, food, shelter, healthcare, education, and livelihood
opportunities.
To achieve this goal, various strategies and actions are typically implemented. These may
include:
• Infrastructure restoration: Efforts are made to repair or rebuild damaged infrastructure,

including roads, bridges, buildings, utilities, and communication systems. This restoration
is crucial to ensure the resumption of essential services and facilitate the community's
recovery.
• Service delivery enhancement: Measures are taken to improve the efficiency,

effectiveness, and accessibility of service delivery systems. This may involve
strengthening healthcare facilities, ensuring the availability of emergency response
services, enhancing public transportation networks, and improving access to
education and other vital services.
• Basic needs provision: Special attention is given to addressing the immediate and long-
term needs of the affected population. This includes providing temporary shelter, clean
water, food supplies, medical assistance, and psychosocial support. Additionally,
efforts are made to support livelihood opportunities and economic recovery, enabling
individuals and communities to regain self-sufficiency.
• Collaborative partnerships: Collaboration between government agencies, non-

governmental organizations, community groups, and other stakeholders plays a crucial
role in achieving this goal. By working together, these entities can leverage their
resources, expertise, and networks to ensure a coordinated and comprehensive
approach to the restoration of services and access to basic needs.
Below are the objectives under disaster rehabilitation and recovery:
• To restore people’s means of livelihood and continuity of economic activities and

business;
• To restore shelter and buildings/installation;
• To reconstruct infrastructure and other public utilities; and
• To assist in the physical and psychological rehabilitation of persons who suffered from
the effects of disaster.
168
Table 29. Goals, Objectives, and Outcomes of the Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery
Rehabilitation and Recovery
Goal: Restore and improve facilities, livelihood and living conditions and organizational capacities
of affected communities, and reduce disaster risks in accordance with the “build back
better” principle
Objectives:
1. To restore people’s means of livelihood and continuity of economic activities and
business
2. To restore shelter and buildings/installation
3. To reconstruct infrastructure and other public utilities
4. To assist in the physical and psychological rehabilitation of persons who suffered from
the effects of disaster
Outcomes:
1. Economic activities restored and if possible, strengthened or expanded
2. Houses rebuilt or repaired to be more resilient to hazard events; safer sites for housing
3. Disaster and climate change resilient infrastructure constructed/reconstructed
4. A psychologically sound, safe and secured citizenry that is protected from the effects of
disasters able to restore to normal functioning after each disaster
6.1.4.1 Program, Projects, Activities, Outputs, and Indicators (Disaster Rehabilitation

and Recovery)
In the effort of institutional capacity, the city will engage on Disaster Recovery Program.
This programs aims to give awareness and conduct seminars to the general public. Moreso,
Santa Rosa will implement rehabilitation of roads, highways and bridges to ensure safety of all
motorist, building of flood controls, waterways, aqueducts, seawalls, river walls, and other to
avoid and prevent flooding on the flood prone area, and psychological counselling for trauma
patients to be treated for free.
outbreaks. This plan includes provision of food and temporary shelters for the outbreak
casualty, counseling services for affected families (i.e., serving counsel to affected families by
the group) to gather information and other necessary data, provision of portable water purifier
for safety of evacuees, and evaluation of the cause and extent of the epidemic for the
emergency and health response team to be able know if there’s enough supply of relief goods
for evacuees
As part of long-term risk reduction in terms of earthquake, the city will rehabilitate
damaged structures and buildings for safety of the general public. Moreso, the conduct of
relief operation and Critical incident stress debriefing for the preparation of the team
regarding relief operation.
The strict implementation of medical attention to injured victims during the melee for
the casualty to be treated immediately is one of the activities of the city for mass action and
civil disturbance. Similarly, a critical incident stress debriefing for the preparation and
awareness of the team regarding medical operation.
To support the fire prevention program, there will be an initiative to rebuild damaged
infrastructures and buildings, provision of temporary shelters affected victims, relief operations,
and critical incident stress debriefing. This enables to provide and prepare temporary shelters
for the casualty during fire configuration
169
To tackle the issue of typhoon and flooding, the city will also focus on rehabilitation of
damage structures and buildings, treatment of all injured victims, provision of temporary
shelters to affected victims, relief operations (e.g., financial aid to disaster), and critical
incident stress debriefing.
Table 30. Programs, Projects, and Activities for the Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery
Source
Programs/ Key Timefra and
Activities Targets Lead Office
Projects Outputs me Amoun
t
Institutional Disaster To give Completed CDRRMO Annually LDRR
Capacity recovery awareness activities MF
program and and projects
conduct for disaster
seminars recovery
to the
general
public
Rehabilitati To ensure Rehabilitate CDRRMO/Enginee As LDRR
on of roads, safety of d roads, ring needed MF
highways all motorist highways
and bridges and bridges
Building of To avoid Reconstruct CDRRMO/Enginee As LDRR
flood and ed and ring needed MF
controls, prevent cleaned
waterways, flooding waterways
aqueducts, on the
seawalls, flood
river walls, prone area
and other
Psychologic For Trauma CHO/CDRRMO As LDRR
al trauma patients needed MF
counselling patients to were
be treated treated
for free
Provision of For the Provided CDRRMO/Health Annually/ LDRR
Epidemic food and outbreak adequate Service As MF
Outbreak temporary casualty supply of needed
shelters food for the
casualty,
and
established
temporary
shelters on
18
barangays
Counseling To gather Gathered CDRRMO/Health During LDRR
services for informatio information Service outbreak MF
affected n and data and data of
families affected
(i.e., families
serving
170
Source
t
counsel to
affected
families by
the group)
Provision of For the Provided 2 CDRRMO/Health As LDRR
portable safety of water Service needed MF
water evacuees purifier,
purifier stockpiled
at CDRRM
Office
Evaluation For the Stockpiled CDRRMO/Health As LDRR
of the emergenc adequate Service needed MF
cause and y and supply of
extent of health relief goods
the response for
epidemic team to be evacuees
able know
if there’s
enough
supply of
relief
goods for
evacuees
Earthquak Rehabilitati Safety of Rehabilitate CDRRMO/Damage As LDRR
e on of the d structures Control and needed MF
damaged general and building Engineering
structures public for the Services
and safety of
buildings Santa Rosa
residents
Conduct of To help Santa Rosa CDRRMO/Health During LDRR
relief the residents Service outbreak MF
operation general received
public relief goods
during from the city
pandemic government
Critical For the Reported CDRRMO/Health During LDRR
incident preparatio and relay Service outbreak MF
stress n of the information
debriefing team to the team
regarding for better
relief and
operation successful
operation
Mass Medical For the Given CDRRMO/Health During LDRR
Action and attention to casualty to immediate Service outbreak MF
Civil injured be treated first
171
Source
t
Disturbanc victims immediatel response to
e during the y the casualty
melee
Critical For the Reported CDRRMO/CSWD During LDRR
incident preparatio and relay outbreak MF
stress n and information
debriefing awareness to the team
of the for better
team and
regarding successful
medical operation
operation
Fire Rebuild Safety of Constructed CDRRMO/Damage As LDRR
Conflagrati damaged residents damaged Control and needed MF
on infrastructur infrastructur Engineering
es and es and Services
buildings buildings
Provision of To provide Prepared CDRRMO/Relief During LDRR
temporary and temporary Service outbreak MF
shelters prepare shelters for
affected temporary the casualty
victims shelters
for the
casualty
during fire
configurati
on
Relief To help Affected CDRRMO/Relief During LDRR
operations the families Service outbreak MF
affected received
families relief goods
from the
government
debriefing team on to the team
relief for better
operation and
successful
operation
Typhoon Rehabilitati Safety of Damaged CDRRMO/Damage As LDRR
and Floods on of residents infrastructur Control and needed MF
damage es Engineering
structures Services
and
buildings
172
Source
t
Treatment Immediate Victims CDRRMO/Relief During LDRR
of all injured first given first Service outbreak MF
victims response response
to victims
Provision of To provide Prepared CDRRMO/Relief During LDRR
temporary and temporary Service outbreak MF
shelters to prepare shelters for
affected temporary the casualty
victims shelters
for the
casualty
during fire
conflagrati
on
Relief To help Affected CDRRMO/Relief During LDRR
operations the families Service outbreak MF
(e.g., affected received
financial aid families relief goods
to disaster) from the city
government
debriefing team on to the team
relief for better
operation and
successful
operation
173
CHAPTER 7 MONITORING AND EVALUATION
This chapter presents the M&E strategies that the city seeks to implement for its
proposed PPAs. The M&E strategies outlined in this chapter are designed to assess the
effectiveness and progress of the PPAs under a particular thematic area. Through these
strategies, the city hopes to ensure that its initiatives successfully address the various aspects
of DRRM.
The M&E matrix is a tool that provides an overview of the plan's goals and desired
impacts in the field of DRRM. It outlines the objectives or outcomes that the plan aims to
achieve, which are the second-level results. Furthermore, the matrix identifies the products and
services that will be generated throughout the 10-year period, representing the first-level
immediate results. Lastly, it specifies the activities that will be undertaken and the inputs
required to implement the PPAs successfully. The matrix serves as a tool for monitoring and
evaluating the progress and performance of each PPA, specifically in terms of disaster
resiliency.
174
The matrix also includes indicators, measurable variables or parameters that provide
evidence of progress toward the desired outcomes. These indicators help assess the extent to
which the PPAs contribute to disaster resiliency in the city. The matrix specifies the sources of
information that will be utilized for monitoring purposes. These sources may include data from
government agencies, research institutions, community surveys, or other relevant sources. In
addition, the matrix outlines the collection methods that will be employed to gather the
necessary data and information. These methods may involve surveys, interviews, observations,
or analyzing existing data sets. The frequency of monitoring is also specified in the matrix,
indicating how often the progress and performance of each PPA will be assessed.
7.1 Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

The following matrix discusses the M&E strategies for the programs and projects focused
on disaster prevention and mitigation. These strategies have been designed to contribute
towards achieving the overarching goal of addressing existing risks and minimizing future risks
faced by communities and governments. They provide valuable insights and data-driven
assessments of DRRM programs and initiatives. Through M&E, the effectiveness of disaster
prevention and mitigation measures can be thoroughly assessed, enabling authorities to
identify successful strategies and areas that require improvement. Vulnerabilities within
communities and regions are pinpointed, facilitating targeted interventions and resource
allocation to reduce risks in high-risk areas. Moreover, M&E encourages adaptability and
continuous improvement in DRRM approaches, enabling authorities to adjust strategies to
evolving circumstances and enhance disaster resilience.
175
Table 31. Monitoring and Evaluation for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation PPAs
Lead Office
Objectively
Assumptio
Targets for
Resources
Frequency
Programs/
Collection
Indicators
Audience
Verifiable
to Report
Indicator
Baseline
Projects
Needed
Method
Source
ns and
Risks
Data
and
Dengue Dengue Reduced Number of 100% Annual Accomplishme Annually/ CORRM Fogging
Prevention Outbreak dengue Fumigation households Plan nt per CDRRM staff and Machine
incidences Barangays staff and CHO Chemicals
CHO Lavacide
Procurement of To prevent To control the Number of Local and Annual As request of Annually/ CDRRMO Fogging
Chemicals epidemic/ outbreak of Barangay Private Plan local and CORRM Machine
decrease epidemic and local offices private sector staff chemicals
other offices affected
deceases
Hazard To isolate To avoid Number of Sick/unwell Annual Report Annual CDRRM and Building
capability 100% preparedness isolation Individuals Plan Accomplishme Meeting CHO Facilities
building infected of the unwell facility nt per CHO and
activities Individual Barangay CDRRM
Procurement of 100% Safety Complete Number of 100% Trained Annual Daily Annually / CDRRMO Medical
Hazard suit of safety suns security and personnel Plan (as Attendance CDRRM and BDRRM Supplies and
responders and materials safetiness of needed) Staff and equipment
responders other
Organization
Urban Search To gain Implementing Number of 100% Trained After Seminar Per Seminar CDRRMO Heavy
Training knowledge rescue and trained personnel Activity Attendance /CDRRM Equipment
search and medical personnel/ Report staff Venue
rescue stabilization BDRRM Resource
volunteers speaker
Insurance of Life Benefits of Number of 100% Trained Annual Daily AnnuallyI CDRRMO CDRRM
Civil Society insurance of each volunteer Barangay volunteers Plan Attendance CDRRM Funds
Organization 350 and and other
Volunteers volunteers Organization Organizati
volunteers on
Volunteer
176
Proposed To reduce Dredge Rivers Number of After river Annual Accomplishme Annually/ CDRRMO Heavy
dredging/ water Dredging basin Plan nt per CDRRM and Equipment
desilting of overflow for Machine Barangays Staff and Engineering Construction
Santa Rosa 90% of City Engineering Office materials
Rivers rivers Office
Construction / To prevent Continuously Number of Affected Annual Engineering Annually CDRRM and CDRRM
improvement of clogging of flowing of Dredging clogging area Plan Accomplishme Engineering Engineering Funds
canals canals in drainage water Machine nt staff Office
18
Barangays
Riprapping of To Prevent Safetiness of Number of Affected river Every 2 Engineering Annually/ CDRRM and CDRRM
river walls Landslide in nearby River basin years Accomplishme Engineering Engineering Funds
the area of settlement Riprapping nt Staff Office
Construction of 18 on 18
dams and catch Barangays barangays
basin on the
existing river
Basic Life To suffice Knowledgeabl 85% trained 100% Trained After Daily Annually/ CDRRMO Office
Support Training knowledge e on Basic Life personnel on personnel Activity Attendance CDRRM supplies
on Basic Life Support various I Report staff
Venue
Support for required staff
350 Resource
volunteers speaker
Training
Materials
Epidemic Outbreak
Assessment of To contain To control the Number of Isolation of Annual Accomplishme Epidemic CDRRM staff Test kit
affected outbreak outbreak of Barangays affected Plan nt per breakout I and CHO
barangays for from 18 epidemic Barangay Barangays CCRRM
possible Barangays and CHO staff and
epidemic CHO
Mapping of 30 Shelter and Number of Percentage of After During Annually/ Planning Site visit
Possible high-risk Evacuation safety of Evacuation high-risk Activity outbreak Engineering Department,
areas as well as areas individuals building barangays Report staff CDRRMO
areas for identified
shelters during
emergencies
177
Law Preparednes Awareness Number of To inform Defend on Quarterly Monthly CDRRM, Posters and
enforcement, s of 100% and Public notice individuals the Meeting (depend on CHO leaflets
preparation and individuals preparedness council case) and PNP
implementation
of health
ordinances
Information Awareness Communication Number of Awareness of After Accomplished Quarterly CDRRMO, Posters
Dissemination 100% and information Tarpaulin. general public Activity by CDRRMO, Meeting CHO and Social Media
through tri- individual of the Social Media Report CHO (depend on CIO Led Wall
rnedia residence and CIO situation)
Earthquake
Rehabilitation of Damage To avoid Number of To study the Annual Actual Annually/ Engineering CDRRM
unsafe Control of collision of Inspections infrastructure Plan Inspection of Engineering Department Funds
infrastructures number of building of the building the building staff
buildings/ infrastructure
Periodic
structural fire
inspection
Periodic To inspect To avoid Number of Facilities/ Periodical Engineering Periodically/ Engineering CDRRM
structure number of building Inspections Structures Plan Accomplishme Engineering Department Funds
structural collapsing nt staff
Fire inspection damaged
cause
Insuring all Percentage To ensure the Number of To identify the Annual Report Annually/ Engineering CDRRM
building and of insured durability of Engineering no. of Plan Accomplishme Engineering Department Funds
other buildings the structure staff buildings and nt Engineering staff
Infrastructure infrastructure
to be insured
Inspection of To follow the To ensure to Number of Standard Annual Report Annually/ Engineering CDRRM
buildings for standard follow the Engineering Compliance Plan Accomplishme Engineering Department Funds
compliance with guidelines of guidelines of staff building code nt Engineering staff
buildingcodes building building codes
on structural codes for the
safety number of
structures
Mass Action and Civil Disturbance
178
Continuing To spread To be Number of No. of Regularly Accomplished Annually LGU and Poster. Led
dialogue and awareness of prepared to CDRRM staff dialogues by CDRRMO, CDRRMO Wall, Social
information all information conducted CHO and CIO Media,
dissemination individuals dissemination Tarpulin
Freedom of 100% Public Ease of access Number of To learn about Citywide Accomplished Monthly DILG and Poster. Led
Information awareness to public CIO staff something or by CDRRMO (depend on CDRRMO Wall, Social
program documents someone and CIO case) Media,
Tarpulin
Fire Conflagration
Rehabilitation of To prevent To inspect and Number of 100% Annual Accomplished Annually BFP, CDRRM
fire hazard fire for the rehabilitated firefighters inspected Plan by BFP and Damage Funds
infrastructure I number of building building Engineering and Control
buildings structures and
Engineering
Office
Inspection of To follow the To ensure the Number of 100% follow Annual Accomplished Annually Engineering CDRRM
building for 99% standard Engineering standard Plan by Engineering Department Funds
compliance with standard building codes staff building
building codes guidelines of of human codes
on human human society
society society
Inspection of To follow To prevent fire Number of 100% Annual Accomplished Annually BFP, CDRRM
buildings for 100% of fire incident firefighters inspected Plan by BFP and Damage Funds
compliance with building code building Engineering and Control
building codes and
on fire safety Engineering
Office
Typhoons and Floods
Mapping and To Identify To control the Number of Percentage of Annual Accomplished Annually Planning Hydrometer,
identification of flooded area flood prone BDRRM staff resident’s Plan as per Department, CCTV
flood prone on 18 and CDRRM surveys Barangay and CDRRMO monitoring
barangays barangays staff CDRRM and BDRRM
Profiling of To gathered To get specific Number of Percentage of Annual Accomplished Annually CSWD Office
90%
households data no. of BDRRM staff residents Plan as per supplies,
household surveys Barangay and Community
CDRRM Mobilization
179
Server
Maintenance of To prevent To desilt canal Number of To maintain Annual Accomplished Annually Engineering Heavy
functional clogging of Engineering drainage Plan by Engineering Department equipment,
drainage system canals in staff system and Manpower,
CDRRMO CDRRM
18
barangays Funds
180
7.2 Disaster Preparedness

The resulting matrices present the M&E strategies for the PPAs identified within the
thematic area of disaster preparedness. These strategies enable the identification of
weaknesses and gaps in disaster preparedness. They assess the readiness levels of
communities, organizations, and government agencies to respond to disasters, highlighting
areas that need further capacity building and resources.
M&E tracks progress over time, enabling authorities to monitor improvements and set
targets for further enhancements. Data-driven decision-making is facilitated, guiding
prioritization of preparedness initiatives and effective resource allocation. By assessing
community engagement and awareness programs, M&E informs targeted campaigns to
educate and involve communities. Furthermore, institutional learning and knowledge sharing
are promoted, fostering improved practices and collaboration among stakeholders. M&E
data can be used for advocacy, emphasizing the significance of disaster preparedness and
securing funding for DRRM initiatives. Ultimately, M&E enhances collaboration and ensures that
communities and authorities are better equipped to respond to disasters, minimizing their
impact and saving lives.
The CDRRMO will take the lead in overseeing the monitoring and evaluation process
for the development of the manual on disaster preparedness as well as the training modules
for responders. The collection methods employed for these projects consist of annual
document review conducted by the office to ensure that the implementation remains aligned
with the municipality’s objectives. Likewise, monitoring and evaluating the facilitation of
training activities for the first responders will primarily be undertaken by the CDRRMO. The office
will conduct quarterly monitoring and evaluation of the activities and progress and will employ
key informant interviews with the trainees involved in the project.
181
Table 32. Monitoring and Evaluation for Disaster Preparedness PPAs
Assumptions
Data Source
Audience to
Lead Office
Objectively
Targets for
Resources
Frequency
Programs/
Collection
Indicators
and Risks
Verifiable
Indicator
Baseline
Projects
Needed
Method
Report
and
24/7 Disaster To Services were Number of Area of After Data Records. 24/7/ CDRRMO Equipment /
Risk Reduction provided to the Trained responsibility / activity Daily CDRRMO heavy
implement
and citizens and personnel, Citizens of 18 reports Attendance Staff equipment
Management strategies, disaster Heavy Barangays
Operations policies and impacts are equipment,
improved lessen. Disaster
coping equipment
capacities in
order to
lessen the
adverse
impacts of
hazards and
the
possibility of
disaster
Disaster/ Provision of Reduce Number of Area of After Data Records, CDRRMO CDRRMO Equipment
Emergency First fatalities and Trained responsibility activity Daily Staff
Quick Response response provide first personnel /Citizens of reports Attendance
during aids and 18 Barangays
emergencies equipment
and disasters
Security in To patrol Premises are Number of Evacuation After Daily CDRRMO CDRRMO Equipment
Evacuation areas and secured and Trained Areas activity Attendance Staff
Areas perform monitored personnel reports
security
checks,
keeping their
182
eyes open
for anything
out of the
ordinary
Coordination of Coordinated Councils are Number of SRCDRRMC Annual Data Records Annually/ CDRRM Personnel
all SRCDRRMC plan of ready and CDRRM Plan CDRRM Councils
CDRRM well- Councils Councils
coordinated
council
when an event
officers
happen
Epidemic Outbreak
Mobilization of To guarantee The response Number of Area of After Daily 24/7 CDRRMO Equipment
the response a faster and team is Trained responsibility / activity Attendance CDRRMO
teams more prepared and personnel Citizens of 18 reports Staff
effective ready to act Barangays
response
within the
responsibility
area
Networking with To Cooperated Number of CSO/Other Annual Data Records Annually/ CDRRMO Communicati
CSO and other collaborate with other Trained agencies Plan CDRRMO on
concerned with CSO groups and Staff Equipment
personnel,
agencies and other CSO
organizations CSO. other
organizations
Activation of the To ensure Hospitals and Number of Hospitals / Annual Data Records As needed/ CHO, Requests
different hospitals that hospitals clinics are Trained Clinics/ Plan CDRRMO CDRRMO
and clinics for or clinics are ready and able personnel Affected Staff
possible to citizens
ready Hospitals,
admission and to participate accommodate Clinics
affected
citizens
Earthquake
Procurement of To prevent To provide Number of To ensure Annual Accomplished Annually CDRRMO CDRRM
needed heavy lack of urgency Machineries help needed Plan by CDRRM funds
equipment for materials needed
183
rescue operation
and evacuation
centers
Conduct of To have To be aware 100% Readiness After Seminar Per CDRRMO Office Supply
seminars drills knowledge and Trained and Activity Attendance Seminar/ Venue,
and exercises on and prepared personnel awareness Report CDRRM Trained
earthquake preparednes personnel
preparedness s 100%
and response
Distribution of To give To be aware Number of General After Accomplishme AnnuallyI CDRRMO Leaflets
leaflets all knowledge and Leaflets public Activity nt per BDRRM and BDRRM
residents updated Report Barangay
Mass Action and Civil Disturbance
Conduct To prevent To give early 100% Preparednes After Seminar Per CDRRMO CDRRM
coordination miscommuni and warning Trained s of POC/ Activity Attendance Seminar/ and POC funds
meetings among cation communication personnel SRCDRRMC Report CDRRM and
members of the POC
POC/
SRCDRRMC
Conduct To gain To have 100% General After Seminar Per Seminar/ CDRRMO CDRRM
periodic drills knowledge preparedness Trained public Activity Attendance CDRRM funds
and exercises on crowd response on personnel Report
on crowd control control 100% drill
Conduct To give To inform the 100% Preparednes After Seminar Per CDRRMO CDRRM
dialogues with knowledge attendees Trained s of the group Activity Attendance Seminar/ funds
cause-oriented 100% personnel Report CDRRM
groups
Procurement of To procure To meet the Number of All logistical Annual Accomplished Annually CDRRMO CDRRM
needed logistical no. of logistic requirements Data source requirements Plan by CDRRM funds
requirements requirements in timely cost
effective
manner
Fire Conflagration
184
Procurement of To use when To fulfill the Number of To occupy the Annual Accomplished Annually CDRRMO CDRRM
needed it is deficiency of trained luck of Plan by and BFP funds
firefighting needed equipment firefighter equipment CDRMM/BFP
equipment such staff
as trucks and
fire extinguishers
Conduct To familiar To gain 100% General After Seminar Annually BFP and CDRRM
seminars, drills with drill knowledge and Trained public Activity Attendance CDRRMO funds
and exercises incident awareness personnel Report
on fire
preparedness
and responses
Distribution of To aware the To aware and Number of General After Accomplishme Annually/ BDRRM/ CDRRM
leaflets to all City individuals updated Leaflets public Activity nt per BDRRM CDRRMO funds
residents Report Barangay
Stockpiling of To have To fulfill the Number of General After Accomplished Annually CSWD and CDRRM
necessary relief enough deficiency of Food Packs public Activity by CSWD CDRRMO funds
goods goods goods Report
Organizing fire To familiar Reduce Number of BFP After Seminar Annually BFP and CDRRM
volunteer with fire drill chances of fire truck and volunteers Activity Attendance CDRRMO funds
among posible fire equipments and private Report
barangays accident sectors
members,
private sectors
and
companies
Typhoons and Floods
Procurement of To use the Needed Number of Utilize the Annual Accomplished Annually CDRRMO CDRRM
rescue operation equipment equipment and equipment rescue Plan by CDRRM funds
equipment and when transportation and equipment
transportation needed procured materials and
transportation
Stockpiling of To have To fulfill the Number of General After Accomplished Annually CSWD and CDRRM
necessary relief enough deficiency of Food Pack public Activity by CSWD CDRRMO funds
185
goods goods goods Report

Conduct drills To familiar To gain 100% General After Seminar Annually CDRRMO/ CDRRM
exercises and with drill knowledge and Trained public Activity Attendance BDRRM funds
seminars incident awareness personnel Report
Installation of 12 early To give Number of Preparedness Annual Accomplished Annually CDRRMO Warning
warning devices warning advance Warning of general Plan by CDRRM devices,
devices devices public Mobile
installed announcemen
t
186
7.3 Disaster Response

The City of Santa Rosa has aligned programs and projects with corresponding
monitoring and evaluation strategies to its disaster response goal. These M%E strategies enable
authorities to gain real-time situational awareness, allowing them to understand the scale and
impact of the disaster, facilitating informed decision-making and effective resource
deployment. They also assess the performance of response efforts, identifying successful
strategies and areas needing improvement for a more efficient response.
M&E aids in rapid identification of the specific needs of affected communities, ensuring
targeted and timely assistance. By fostering coordination and collaboration among response
agencies, M&E enhances communication and cooperation during crisis situations. It allows for
flexibility and adaptability in response strategies, empowering authorities to adjust approaches
as the disaster unfolds. Moreover, M&E promotes accountability by measuring the impact of
response efforts and facilitating transparent communication with the public and media.
Advocacy efforts based on M&E data can secure additional support and resources for the
response. After-action reviews and learning from past responses aid in refining future disaster
response plans and building resilience. Overall, M&E's systematic assessment and continuous
improvement contribute significantly to saving lives, minimizing disaster impacts, and
strengthening community resilience in the face of emergencies.
187
Table 33. Monitoring and Evaluation for Disaster Response PPAs
Assumptions
Data Source
Audience to
Lead Office
Objectively
Targets for
Resources
Frequency
Programs/
Collection
Indicators
and Risks
Verifiable
Expected
Report to
Indicator
Baseline
Projects
Results
Needed
Method
and
Services To provide CDRRMO 24/7
were first
available to response
citizens 24 to the
hours a citizens in
day. Seven need
days a
week
Injuries and To reduce CDRRMO 24/7
fatalities the injuries
were and deaths
avoided. during
Damage to disaster
buildings,
stock, and
equipment
has been
reduced
Evacuees To secure CDRRMO 24/7
were kept the
safe within evacuees
the within
evacuation evacuation
zone area
CDRRM Proper CDRRM 24/7
councils coordinatio Councils
188
are well n of
coordinated CDRRM
during councils
event during
Disaster/E
mergency
Epidemic Better To ensure CHO/CDR Depends
Outbreaks collaboratio a faster RMO on situation
n with the and better (outbreak)
emergency response
resppnse within the
team area of
responsibili
ty
Enhance To CHO Annually
the power collaborate
and with CSO
influence of and other
citizen organizatio
voice in ns
advocating
for policies
and
improving
governance
The To ensure CHO/CDR Depends
hospitals the RMO on situation
and clinics availability (outbreak)
are ready of facilities
to when
accommod needed
ate affected
citizens
189
Citizens/pat To ensure CHO/CDR Annually

ients will that RMO
immediatel patients
y have who needs
treated first aid
during treatment
emergency
Medicines To prevent CHO/CDR Annually
and and RMO
supplies mitigate
are given to impact of
affected decease or
people epidemic
on people
More To prevent CHO/CDR Annually
shelters will the spread RMO
be provided of decease
to the to other
people who people
needs
isolation
Earthquake Better To ensure CHO/CDR 24/7
coordinatio a faster RMO
n with the and better
emergency response
response within the
team affected
area
Bringing To make CDRRMO 24/7
first the
responders evacuation
to the area, process of
as well as the
190
provided affected
faster citizen go
transportati more
on to quickly
medical
institutions
for the
disaster
victim/injur
ed citizen
Faster To ensure CDRRMO As needed
transportati that (during
on provided disaster disaster)
to the victims are
injured or transported
disaster as quickly
victim as possible
Doctors To CDRRMO As needed
and nurses immediatel (during
have been y assist disaster)
mobilized and treat
and ready the injured
to respond victims in a
without specific
sacrificing area
the
manpower
in other
locations
Relief To ensure CDRRMO As needed
goods are that those (during
well in need disaster)
provided received
191
adequate
relief
goods
Safe and To provide CDRRMO As needed
clean safe (during
temporary temporary disaster)
shelters are shelters for
provided to the victims
the victims of disaster
of disaster
Debriefing To help the CDRRMO As needed
offered and victims (during
lowered the process disaster)
risk of the trauma
psychologic and lessen
al injury in stress
the event of during
a disaster disaster
During To CDRRMO As needed
event faster immediatel (during
response to y rescue disaster)
the trapped the trapped
victim was victims
provided during
disaster
Mass Impose To LGU/CDRR As needed
Action and price immediatel MO (during
Civil ceilings on y inform disaster)
Disturbanc basic the public
e necessities the
and key information
commoditie of state of
s, repair calamity
192
and
upgrade
public
infrastructu
re and
facilities
Civil and To provide CDRRMO/ As needed
unrest is crown PNP (during
addressed control on disaster)
to civil a certain
area
Faster To ensure CDRRMO/ As needed
response the BFP/CHO (during
was immediate disaster)
provided to response
disaster to the
victims disaster
victims
risk of the trauma
al injury in stress
the event of during
disaster disaster
CDRRMC Proper CDRRMO 24/7
members coordinatio
are well n of
coordinated CDRRMC
during members
event during
disaster or
193
emergenci
es
Fire Immediate SRCDRR CDRRM 24/7
Conflagrati response of MC are Councils
on SRCDRRM ready to
C during act when
disaster needed
Immediate To place CDRRMO/ As needed
response of volunteers BFP (during
fire in area disaster)
volungteers where they
in the event required in
of fire the event
of fire
Police and Police and PNP/Baran As needed
barangay Barangay gay (during
assistance are ready Officials disaster)
are to act
provided to immediatel
assigned y when
area needed
Immediate To ensure CHO/CDR As needed
treatment the RMO (during
provided to immediate disaster)
the fire treatment
victim to the fire
victim
provided received
adequate
194
relief
goods
Temporary Provision CDRRMO As needed
shelters are of (during
provided to temporary disaster)
the affected shelters to
citizen the
affected
citizens as
needed
risk of the trauma
al injury in stress
the event of during
a disaster disaster
Typhoons Immediate SRCDRR CDRRM 24/7
and Floods response of MC are Councils
SRCDRRM ready to
C during act when
disaster needed
Immediate To place CDRRMO/ As needed
response of volunteers BFP (during
fire in area disaster)
volungteers where they
in the event required in
of fire the event
of fire
Police and Police and PNP/Baran As needed
barangay Barangay gay (during
assistance are ready Officials disaster)
195
are to act
provided to immediatel
assigned y when
area needed
Immediate To ensure CHO/CDR As needed
treatment the RMO (during
provided to immediate disaster)
the fire treatment
victim to the fire
victim
provided received
adequate
relief
goods
Temporary Provision CDRRMO As needed
shelters are of (during
provided to temporary disaster)
the affected shelters to
citizen the
affected
citizens as
needed
risk of the trauma
al injury in stress
the event of during
a disaster disaster
196
7.4 Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery

Under the Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery pillar, programs and projects have
been identified and will be monitored and evaluated by various local government
departments. M&E provides a systematic approach to assess the progress of rehabilitation
and recovery projects, enabling stakeholders to identify areas of success and areas that
require improvement. By measuring the achievement of targets and objectives, decision-
makers can use evidence-based data to inform their choices, ensuring that recovery efforts
are based on real needs and effective strategies.
Furthermore, M&E generates evidence and data that promote accountability among
all stakeholders involved in rehabilitation and recovery efforts. This accountability is essential in
holding responsible parties accountable for their actions or inactions. Additionally, M&E allows
for adaptive management, where recovery strategies can be adjusted based on ongoing
feedback and changing circumstances, ensuring that recovery efforts remain relevant and
effective.
197
Table 34. Monitoring and Evaluation for Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery PPAs
Frequency and
Assumptions
Data Source
Audience to
Lead Office
Objectively
Targets for
Resources
Programs/
Collection
Indicators
and Risks
Verifiable
Expected
Report to
Indicator
Baseline
Projects
Results
Needed
Method
Institutional Completed To give CDRRMO Annually
Capacity activities and awareness
projects for and conduct
disaster seminars to
recovery the general
public
Rehabilitated To ensure CDRRMO/Engineering As needed
roads, safety of all
highways and motorist
bridges
Reconstructed To avoid CDRRMO/Engineering As needed
and cleaned and prevent
waterways flooding on
the flood
prone area
Trauma For trauma CHO/CDRRMO As needed
patients were patients to
treated be treated
for free
Epidemic Provided For the CDRRMO/Health Annually/As
Outbreak adequate outbreak Service needed
supply of food casualty
for the
casualty, and
established
temporary
198
shelters on 18
barangays
Gathered To gather CDRRMO/Health During
information information Service outbreak
and data of and data
affected
families
Provided 2 For the CDRRMO/Health As needed
water purifier, safety of Service
stockpiled at evacuees
CDRRM
Office
Stockpiled For the CDRRMO/Health As needed
adequate emergency Service
supply of relief and health
goods for response
evacuees team to be
able know if
there’s
enough
supply of
relief goods
for evacuees
Earthquake Rehabilitated Safety of the CDRRMO/Damage As needed
structures and general Control and
building for public Engineering Services
the safety of
Santa Rosa
residents
Santa Rosa To help the CDRRMO/Health During
residents general Service outbreak
received relief public during
goods from pandemic
199
the city
government
Reported and For the CDRRMO/Health During
relay preparation Service outbreak
information to of the team
the team for regarding
better and relief
successful operation
operation
Mass Action Given For the CDRRMO/Health During
and Civil immediate casualty to Service outbreak
Disturbance first response be treated
to the casualty immediately
Reported and For the CDRRMO/CSWD During
relay preparation outbreak
information to and
the team for awareness
better and of the team
successful regarding
operation medical
operation
Fire Constructed Safety of CDRRMO/Damage As needed
Conflagration damaged residents Control and
infrastructures Engineering Services
and buildings
Prepared To provide CDRRMO/Relief During
temporary and prepare Service outbreak
shelters for temporary
the casualty shelters for
the casualty
during fire
configuration
200
Affected To help the CDRRMO/Relief During

families affected Service outbreak
received relief families
goods from
the
government
the team for on relief
better and operation
successful
operation
Typhoon and Damaged Safety of CDRRMO/Damage As needed
Floods infrastructures residents Control and
Engineering Services
Victims given Immediate CDRRMO/Relief During
first response first Service outbreak
response to
victims
Prepared To provide CDRRMO/Relief During
temporary and prepare Service outbreak
shelters for temporary
the casualty shelters for
the casualty
during fire
conflagration
Affected To help the CDRRMO/Relief During
families affected Service outbreak
received relief families
goods from
the city
government
201

the team for on relief
better and operation
successful
operation
202

CITY DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN

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CITY DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN

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City Disaster Risk Reduction

3.7.1 Existing Land Use ............................................................................................... 37

6.1.3 Disaster Response ...................................................................................... 161

CHAPTER 1 RATIONALE AND POLICY CONTEXT

The Philippines likewise experiences a significant number of earthquakes on a daily

The occurrence of frequent seismic activities throughout the country exposes

1.2 Policy Context

Table 1. Lead Government Agencies and Their Functions

Figure 1. Four (4) Thematic Areas of DRRM

Figure 2. National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework

CHAPTER 2 PLANNING PROCESS

Figure 3. CDRRMP Planning Process

2.1 Situational Analysis

2.1.1 Objectives of the Analysis

Furthermore, the purpose of this analysis is to provide guidance in evaluating external

community engagement is highlighted, with a particular focus on encouraging the

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Challenges (SWOC) Analysis Tool is a means

Figure 4. SWOC Analysis Matrix

Table 2. DRRM Thematic Areas and Scope

During the planning workshops, participants were able to provide a comprehensive

2.1.3 Target Outputs

Table 3. Sample SWOC Analysis

Organized LDRRMC Established and No focal person from each department

2.2 Setting the Vision Statement

2.1.1 Objectives of the Vision Statement

2.1.2 Target Outputs

2.1.2.1 Strategy Formulation and Setting Goals, Objectives, and Outcomes

2.1.2.2 Objectives and Process

2.1.2.3 Goal Setting Guidelines

2.1.2.4 Expected Outcomes Guidelines

Table 4. Sample Output for Step Three

2.3 Identification of Key Outputs, Activities, Timeframe, Lead Office,

2.3.2.1 Programs, Projects, and Activities

2.3.2.2 Outputs and Targets

2.3.2.3 Lead Office and Responsible Persons

desired outcomes. Such evaluations also contribute to accountability and transparency, as

2.3.2.4 Budget Allocation and Sources

2.3.2.6 Target Outputs

Table 5. Sample Output for Step Four

2.4 Monitoring and Evaluation

• Progress Tracking: M&E involves tracking the implementation progress of DRRM

• Performance Assessment: M&E also involves assessing the performance of DRRM

• Reporting and Communication: Monitoring involves the preparation and dissemination

Table 6. Key Components of M&E Plan

Goals, objectives, outcomes, outputs, and activities in the DRRM action

Key Components Descriptions

Audience of the Report

CHAPTER 3 CITY PROFILE

3.1 Brief History

3.2 Geophysical Characteristics

3.2.2 Land Area and Political Subdivision

Table 7. Administrative Boundary of Santa Rosa, Laguna

3.2.3 Land Classification

Map 1. Location Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna

Map 2. Barangay Boundary Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna

Map 3. Land Classification Map of Santa Rosa, Laguna

3.3 Geological Features

3.3.2 Geologic Structure

3.3.3 Topography and Slope