Liquids

Liquids
Hydrostatics Rest la=o)

÷. ÷: :÷:÷÷÷
accelerate
What happens if I

ma
o RA =

Poa
tyg
-

Ha
A
hfa
P, = Pot hflg ) -
a

alt P, = Po t
hflgta)
Pi Po
H
=

freefall g

a
t Pi
Find
RA Poth = ma

T
-

%A
←

P, A Pott
= l FA a

PTA
-

P,=Pot
-
:
#

"
a

:÷÷: :÷ .

remains same
level
.

a
horizontal
 "
" ÷
"
""
"" ""

any "
""

÷" .
¥: "
.
÷
"

)
( ha fg
- hi A = ma

(ha-hi)=
-

find conation of liquid surface .

suis

a
,µ
±.

:÷÷÷÷ .

①
Pot Nfa -

§PoA p,
=

Hmg tyfg ②
-

=P.
p,

f. Pia
aga =

yfg

/
-
IO
. - -
-

÷
slope =

9g
y
-

age c :y=mn
)
 t.jo/..ama:g9an...
Any

. "
me
. -

T -
¥

I ¥J→
T

Tu - T
=

T=mwI-zwzT
(F)
Tn

u w
=

't
m w
'll z

buy - h -
at this point

µ→
w

grind pressure

p-gp.sn/fAhPTA#?yy=fe-h)th1z
may
Po A
=

)
P
µ hthgz
A
-

,
WZ
-

=
FA h

( P, -
Po ) A

Po
= fhwa (
l -

ha )
P ,
-
 ①
FEI
-
-
y ← way
Ptd PA

µ
←

*
dm
dm f Ady
why
=

dm

p
,dPA= ,

Idp
=

If dy why
)
th '
Po
X h)
( p -

Po=fw2Pi=Potfw2(l2_fl-h#
-

P, -

AY -

'
Ps - P, =
??

Pf - P ,
=
Ifa
Ps Plz
hfg
- =

¥¥g
-

Ang -

¥ .

Pla -
P, =
Ifan

a-
Ps -

plz =

hflgtay )
Pz -
P ,
= . .

-
Aug ""
" ""
:

t
.

Roth .
A

(Poth # A
kg waltz

42
)fg
w

( ha
m
- hi A =

42 -

)
hi
ay
=
# e) t

ah=Yg
-

cow
Bug

MA) w
'
(
)fgA
=

( h .
-
hi

E÷÷¥÷i÷÷÷÷÷ ÷
'
"

¥¥¥ .
÷

i
÷÷
"

. .
(
②

A 2

A ,

¥
Pot
ftp.g ! A
= pot
e

②
①
-

y
-

Azn
'
=
 :3:÷:÷
if
.?

Am
.

÷Tih;i÷
Pot
@ since '
- Puno

)fig¥R-Rwso)§ =

Po t (p - R sine ) fa g

( since t cos o
) f ,
=

( aero -
) fr
since

) f (i ) k
( ti tano
tame
-

=
,

two=q
-
Vacuum

II
-

#,,,,ci (
othfg
 Ay
€9
Koa
F-

"
TE
-#tI¥gInfg
¥÷i¥¥
) edu =
41 g) edn

- h

"'
a.
" "

timed
.

uniform force
-
-

)!
fge
.

Center of face
)
egg
=
(fgl ) HI

ftp.ealte ! point
IF
typed
.

de -

E P
DE ( h -

)
n

about
=

§hfg Cnet) y 2
met
) edu ( h a) -
2 =

g-
=

(fg b) HI
"

)dn y
of
' =
•

@
.

n
n
"
gge
-
=

=
HI h÷
' - =
had y

y
÷ hqtay
=
=
 to
How ?
-

#
Ratna
Ine )
F =
Ig )

←÷::b "

( nay 3)
Ivy

"
""

centroid -
-

City ,
yityzys)

( o , b)

Him
'

)
#S
(o ,
a

co

are

g) he
-
f -

f.

m .
= f Cn Hl )
g ..
 should be stable about Point P .

Darn

t
E) Go leg ) the) ! 2
my mg
-

by
in :÷:;:÷
±
""
"
+

avg wave

"

Volume displacement = 1mL

A. xl
=
1000A
'
y
→
y=÷om

Coff done = 10x Im

=
105
work

) (÷ )
=
ios

w
=
fi oooo

-
①
op
F¥
- -
-

Fi
=

A. as = Ack -

W= F, n ,
= Fznz -

③
 Archimedes Principal
-

"
' " '

:÷÷'
"

Eti =

=
rfeg
meg
= weight of liquid placed

Meg

f "¥if" ÷ :÷÷÷÷÷
"
"

l •

t.ae et
-

-
Tea
D
elf
-

"

Igt
-
-

'
' .

Eg
f
a-
-
*

i÷
g .FI
" """
=
""
"

..
 leg
f.
"

sale

tinge vfbg

fit Iv
-

leg vfbg
→ →
v. -

Aug

tt;i -

more ,

centimeter) is a
unit of weight for
Note 1 cc ( cubic

livid looomt =
1 liter =

1kg
looogm
=

cc
tooo
=

111¥
quit n'
96-1 vdg= fwy
÷
+
✓ =

f- fwy
=
, 7- 4
rag

log
=
+
"
) B g -

d
-

ya
our foil g
vdg
=

=
m

foil =

O -
y

:÷o÷÷:
"
b
f.
w
fv = 1.25
g.

÷ :* %
Auf ya
0

/
e) /
@otam7legt.l my
=

I -

①
Ale b) '
rot
g
-

mg
All 1)
-20
=
rot
-

leg
my

rot All -

8) Cot All -

D) fe
g
=

13-2
-
8A =

( 3 -
2- All ) ) ye
-

Archimedes Principal
Failure of

L÷¥÷ :
 ' ""
'

'
" " '

If bby
y

i.
"*
. i÷÷%
(hath )fg ( Az - Ai
) -

hfg Az

f- liquid
=

-
¥11 Feig + N
-
-

mg

center of Bourgoin

.me;a
.

minimis:*

#
mg
 l

#
←
nan
=

/µon
I
) da u

)
o

( total
J donde mass
don

Mcm
=2③

- Nan 344
-

( '
you

But
of Boyany
in case

uniform
,
.

nod is non
-

Even
if the
will at center
of
emersed body .

Center of bouyany

it
fbcfe
Aug -

÷!÷
".

t.io O )
eabtpoafft
-

RE

B =

my tfy f
labouring
'
O
Fa =o
-

aglzmo2
=

pfky.info )
( Afb ) Latino leg)

fb -

Masino
"

÷f
" ""
.
 )
vfelggta
I:*
"
or
"

. . .

my

Wood Kitui der tf

guy upon pahuchega

)
grselgta
! %w÷=a
'

¥ .

I wot
messed
ball
Acceleration of
(a )
'

= a

1=0.5
-

wood

via
relative -

hot can .

Egad

IV. ¥t
::
"
:÷:÷
gig
r
 )
felg
- a

Avg rifeg g.

t.EU#..mg--vifeg mg
volume
-

vzfelg )
immersed
- a
-
-

→
ma

satin

÷# dm =
dm
;

Idea
=

fdu.dz
.

A.it/--AzV# a

*
Atv , tAzVz=AzV3

-
 Bernoaulliworem
gdr

i##
:
" "

÷:
IT :

tf
"
)
fade!
"
:
fadings
)
edgar
-

t
-

.
"" ÷
"

"

±¥¥** fgyz fgy

(y .
-

y , )
,

t
+

di-
If lui
- ri

=
) =

Pig
Ifi
-
PD

|f¥togIth)=aomtau
 •

fgy
E Pat IFE +
fgyz
iz frit
,
p, +

y¥I-y/PztI Italian ) x
Velocity
Q Rate
of flow
=

# use of Bernoulli
'
62
Venturi meter
1)

D=
=o÷¥÷÷÷¥E
Air ,
=
Azvz
to
=
Pat

42 )
Ifni
to

( vie
AL
-

Pi -

Pz =

op
-

f ( a÷ .
-

aa÷)

:÷:÷÷ .
a¥E
art

¥
 P, = Pat
hfeg
tzfgas
'
ve to
Pz t

If gas 42
=
to
Pit

oink ¥1 afraid
"

qq.ge
-

.my
-
-

bernoulli on

gas
as
density
changes

2) Pilote → Instrument to
find velocity of fluid
T

r
=
I
od ①
② HE
Gr -
-
o
f
T
to
v2 Pz to

Igf
=

P, +
to

Pz - P ,
=

fitz

t.gg =

¥
→
o=
I
are
-
-
-
In

q
1-
Pot
hifg Pothifgthzfg
 -
" °

TEH
•→o

÷ .it .

Pz
P,
thfeg
=

Pat O to

Ifv to
=
'd

P, t

zfv2=hf
I
Ietoatyofffseun

÷ .
i
! #Io
'

Pot
=
Pztlzfvz to

2 I 3

# tfgh
'
Pz Pot
+
I to = s
 None Vz ( )
'

-_ Uz : area same

A- vz = AVS
" °

Pf fgh tzfrz
'
t

plot I fvz
=
t

v2=dz2t2g#

;:÷
man

small
is very
if hole

-
v -
tag
ang
in
g

I;If ÷:
" "
'"

"
 at
•

.IT#R--t2Th-ngf2gI
r -

Tag

of err find time to

empty .

" g

÷÷¥÷
"

at =
AV

)
a

.IT#,--Atdath
.¥¥=ni÷÷=
t.ae#Tgt=
-

( 2.To -2 Tn
-

get #
 Force at corner on
liquid ?

.im
"

. .
maneuvers ,
fer see )
in
) ( momentum
=
(change

"

them
! )
set t
momentum per an per
see

v
= far)
=
fat
"

/ fat
ITH pg ,

O¥
F

: own
Ina.mil

AT
A
jar .
 -
AY

Ht .. ..
.

o
"

Esau .

:r÷÷:

¥ :#
-

÷÷¥÷::÷÷:i÷: ÷÷÷÷÷ { fav

'
=

fight
lyotfigh
t
,

faghz
:

MD Pot
tf .
o
'
to =

(
Po t
hip , gth.bg) +
±i ! o

÷¥¥
.
IF
a
is
when
container
note :

we
cannot
'
to accelerating ,

'
Pat Ifv Bernoulli
apply
to
Ifv
=

Pit

✓ Pi
-
- Ps ( not possible)
°o° P,
= Pat lfa

out
'd
coming
Yu Mbatha.int
liam
soy "
.
,

3 x

Bernoulli i -
-

in
Amy displacement
→ 3 X
2

horizontal
(
acceleration)
no
v
' → z

drxn of

Po ttzfv
'
to
=

fpoeega ) +
£µi4T
v-
say "
' teen .

i:
"
" "
@ "

In case of freefall
velocity of effhen o
-

-
 ::i:÷
soy
"
""

µ -
N z
-
*

lfa
-

-
( n
.
-
ni
a

)
=WZr

f
w
-

( nit)
Z

o=wE
From Q, I can
say

au = All

teth A l
dha )
-

a =

% ¥¥÷"
instants
,
.in#aku-m-
-

h Eda (
area
) ( velocity)
) )
)
=

"
=

Ame
"

ntgbfh'e
!µbdn)uTgn )
= =

we can also calculate time to empty

AV = Q

a
A
tdf)
-

-
D o

Ltt :: hi ::
€ b¥wi÷

F¥÷ *¥ '

""

I ÷
on

I :÷,

w
 downward
Force
outing 2- acoso 2obcoso
= t

liquid
it out of
.

to pull
ffneguined

Fneqt
)
=
t -

( 2obt 2ra
mg
→

Ht
1¥
"
!
.

;
Aug
sufaneemia
[
1) §. :L

Freud
f.
C
JF ng
= •
)
Czar

-
.

FILM
# Soap
-

(
frame
-
-
i
AM

ayy
-

!
→
n

W rent slowly
=
(rent -
n
)
by
HT t DU =
( Lol) n

su = r ( AAL - upper
yen, - Tome film
.

U r ( surface Area)
Node
-

DU
o ( AA
)
surface
=
in

T o : Change
in
surface
potential energy
change unit area .

potential energy per

÷÷÷÷÷÷÷it÷÷÷÷;÷.e:÷÷ energy
this

potential
centra
is
surface
energy .

matter
of fact Evey
.

a
Also , as

wants to

body in universe

attain minimum potential energy

.

i Liquid will assume

the shape of
surface
.

area Flat surface

'

minimum
- .

( in case
of Jar )
Note : In vaccine - Liquid spherical .

C :
S.A
of sphene is
'

minimum
)
That's
why planets are

Initially they were

spherical → s .

molten .

At
r - volume)

Buhp!
TM
→ u =
@ uar72

work done
find

-¥
*
! ! :c :*
.

mum .
. -
At
nooo
Single
tooo
a Rs
Total volume =

Vi =
o ( 4am) x 1000

o( 4am)
100

( undo 2) =

Uf =
o

drop)
temperature of
Is
Heat =
in
Ui Uf ( rise
=

HINT specific
-

heat of liquid

Lf÷÷
hue -

.. . .
. .. .

. .

ander
ka
bubble fooled
Mene
in
thread .

tension
dia .
Find

zrdl 20dL with

AI g Internal
a d
acting
"

stop
→
a

¥ :

knina.eims?.uomsti:m:kYInm'owAggn.6eei.sa.am.is@dmiJs.o:.r:gm)
.

circle area
max
 ' ""
d " " d"

20 Rolo
( doz)
=

H : 26in

2- Rolo
doz
=

27

T=2⑦
"
"
"" ""
'

Buy

in

→÷
.

¥÷÷
"

mar =
26in
@z )

( drdo )
2e
( doz )
,=dR2w€
w2r
=
 increase in tension
Find
force
+

AF repulsive

BBst
+

+ -

arsing .→fkaDCpYRd
+

T= k¥
1 t
R
+

* charge
per
unit length
water

any
man radius
of cylinder
which can
float on

re re

¥÷:÷÷ Lol =
are
: :
)g
"
..

rakhtehei
paper par
water jab
Note : clip floats on
 Po
Pi = Pot
2£

④"°
"' = " +
%

i÷÷÷④÷
' '

::
r in ::i : :
Rda) coso
Fn = Pofaarsimo) (
'

"
"

aR2o% Poa R2
f cosy )
-

sin 20
=

=
Po .

= Po a R2
 17=13+226
"

:
a-

&:-P
plot
?:*
Pot
2E
, Eg
.
!
;; ;:*
.
ye
s

dong
← rind
.
.
.

Note :

÷÷÷ :

it .
concave P' > P2
P,

pz
=

=
Pot

Po
4ps
t
,

4£
,

p, = Pat
Utz

: .

¥-÷=trJ
by Find Rs ?

My
Papi B÷g
=

t
Pipe ,

As I
HINT
Temperature
same

:÷ ÷:÷i:÷*
.
.

i ?

(Po
+4£ ) jars

TF
:
" "

Casey
Fa > fyrz
←¥÷n .. . .
".

Fa

¥-1 Fo
-

Fr

Fr Fyrz
 dasht sakta
isliye
ko ba - nahi Ker
stress
Tangential
,

Liquid Kar leta h

shape change
.

liquid afni
Normal stress = FYA
Fs
stress FYA
Tangential
-
-

Case

Casf
based
:

is
4- F.
for

E Ott .

and solid plane

blue liquid plane
It is
angle liquid
inside the

liquid surface
& solid surface
blue
tangent of
inside liquid
 o

htt Eg
h -
-

U U curvature
of
Raso
-
r
radius
-

p :
momism
thin
of
h=
age
o

¥:÷¥
| (
-

Pot
-

p. +
npg
-
-
TE

h=
LIG
h =
2rad
rpg
 ÷:÷÷ .

.iq
÷,=÷#
till we
h
Find men
ton '
the

AT can fill

!÷÷÷÷¥÷ . oiiii.no . .

bank
hi
girjaega
phone
unto
! RT Press
:
d Kar
jaega
 "d " ?

÷
..
,

÷:÷÷÷ .
.
.

÷
.
.
.

"
"
[

÷¥€÷
and f
✓
e e
-

"

.me
,
T
Po -

25 ,
t
hifg
ft I )
fg
-

2-
)
.

(
= .
h. - ha

h2
InmY h, L

TP
* Po t
25
t
hafg
¥ thifg
=
,
t
,
 Friction in Liquids
#

f, 7 V2

fr

al
#T
I #
ez

A
fr d

l )
fr a

Dl

for 2A
Fa)
-

=
-

¥)
wtfficient of
viscosity

T÷÷÷ ni
Awf g -
"

:c:* :*:*
.

velocity profile ei

- linear)

du
Voz
-
-

je

fr NADI
-
-

( deep
water →

easy
to swim

by
 → v
ro
Ay
-

w
→

u
fr a = NAI
dm
•
=
nAd÷
KV
a
-
=

KV
du
=
a
=
- KV

Ft
✓
t

fkdt
1¥
= -

O
✓O

k t
-

V = Vo e

da = V

Ft

d)
'
e-
¥ (
i -

" =

ball moms

Dnf -
If a
spherical
velocity
it v in
with
⑥
-

- liquid .

for =
Gann
v
F =
Gansu
# stoke.sk

Terminating =

off
Cd -

f) g
www.niyskdou-nif.ua
zero
acceleration ,

t¥µ¥a=ng÷
release
Rest

④
a-
-

T"n
uh
 As VP -
fol → a f

at point a o
-
-

' some
- .

t
constant velocity
ftp.anrv I
a- -

00 Terminal velocity
t.my
Ve -
-
mg
Gant

4 = %ar3fbg
-

13283 feg
-

Gay r

Vg=2#
Tnld-/
Derivation as imp
Note

Prefer ,
for =
Ku
-

ftp.ku2
p a 0
a
v
by

P - 2v
=
a

ftp.t .
=

Idt
"

trade )
-
-
t
in
.

)
't

tall e-
at
e- ult)=
-

p.pe
=
 4%7
at

Pae
-

✓ = -

Transformation
t
#
at
p
e- .
,
,

tree 't

" Forcernethod

iiioi:
'

Correction
: I
=
aah
-

gars

• nor = ( aah
t
gars ) fg
E
Fg
¥ E)
-

I
=

h=
-

"

THT
''

arioso Thq (fdlh )g

h=2%f°g/
 Find h

guy
saw 2am

¥9.7 .

÷:g=e

÷÷ !÷④q
""
t.mg
"
."

"

÷. ..

.
Note :
-

xhxl
Volume =

fatzb)

ftp.ffermccacwssqmenism-DP = o
ftp.t do to planes
curvature mutually
Ri ,
R2 ane
radii
of

÷ :÷i÷÷÷,
- -

P,
/ I@ " -

i "

.nl?g7.'Itaetf neaE.edT#
?
'
.
- .
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