Welding Inspection

Terms & Definitions

Terminology and Definitions

A Weld: A union between materials caused by heat, and or pressure A Joint: A configuration of members

Terminology Joint Welds

Compound

Fillet

Butt

Edge

Spot

Plug

Terminology Joint Types

Edge

Open & Closed Corner

Lap

Tee Cruciform

Butt

Types of Joint Preparation

Included angle Angle of bevel Root Radius Included angle

Root Face Root Gap Root Gap

Root Face

Single - V Butt

Single - U Butt

Types of Joint Preparation

Angle of bevel Angle of bevel

Root Radius

Root Face Root Gap

Root Gap

Root Face

Land

Single Bevel Butt

Single J Butt

Single Butt Weld Preparations

Single sided preparations are normally made on thinner materials, or when access form both sides is restricted

Single Bevel

Single Vee

Single J

Single U

Double Butt Weld Preparations

Double sided preparations are normally made on thicker materials, or when access form both sides is unrestricted

Double Bevel

Double Vee

Double J

Double U

Welded Butt Joints

Butt A_________Welded butt joint

Fillet A_________Welded butt joint

Compound A____________Welded butt joint

Welded Tee Joints

Fillet A_________Welded T joint

Butt A_________Welded T joint

Compound A____________Welded T joint

Welded Lap Joints

Fillet A_________Welded lap joint

Spot A_________Welded lap joint

Compound A____________Welded lap joint

Welded Closed Corner Joints

Fillet A_________Welded closed corner joint

Butt A_________Welded closed corner joint

Compound A____________Welded closed corner joint

Welded Open Corner Joints

Inside fillet A_______________Welded open corner joint

Outside fillet A_______________Welded open corner joint

Double fillet A_______________Welded open corner joint

Weld Zone Terminology

Weld Toe
Weld zone Weld metal

Heat affected zone

Fusion zone

Root

Weld Junction

Weld Toe

Butt Weld Features

Excess cap height or weld reinforcement

Weld cap width

Excess root penetration

Root bead width

Butt Weld Features

Actual throat Design throat A 1 Cap or Face Cap width 2

B HAZ

Weld Junction 3 4 1,2,3,4 = Weld toes Root A & B = Excess weld metal Fusion zone

Fillet Weld Features

Vertical leg length

Nominal design throat thickness

Horizontal leg length

Fillet Weld Dimensions

a = Nominal design throat thickness s = Actual throat thickness b = Horizontal leg length c = Vertical leg length
e.g Leg length = 6mm Design Throat = 6mm x 0.7 Design Throat = 4.2mm

a b

The leg length should be approximately equal to the material thickness The design throat thickness is 0.7 of the leg length

Fillet Weld Profiles

Mitre fillet

Convex fillet

Concave fillet

A concave profile is preferred for joints subjected to fatigue loading

Toe Blend Angle

6 mm

80

Most codes quote the weld toes shall blend smoothly This statement is not quantitative and therefore open to individual interpretation The higher the toe blend angle the greater the amount of stress concentration The toe blend angle should be between 20o-30o

Poor Weld Toe Blend Angle

3 mm

20

Improved Weld Toe Blend Angle

Welding Positions

Flat: PA / 1G: Flat PA / 1F Vertical upwards PF / 3G

Horizontal vertical: PB / 2F:

Horizontal vertical: PC / 2G:

Horizontal overhead PD / 4F

Overhead PE / 4G

Vertical downwards PG / 3G

Welding Positions

PA / 1G
Weld: Flat Pipe: rotated Axis: Horizontal

PF / 5G
Weld: Vertical upwards Pipe: Fixed Axis: Horizontal

PG / 5G
Weld: Vertical Downwards Pipe: Fixed Axis: Horizontal

45o

PC / 2G
Weld: Horizontal vertical Pipe: Fixed Axis: Vertical

H-LO 45 / 6G
Weld: Upwards Pipe: Fixed Axis: Inclined

Any Questions

Questions
QU 1. Sketch a single-U butt joint and indicate the following a. Root face b.Root gap c.Included angle d. Root radius QU 2. Sketch a tee joint, fillet welded and indicate the following a. Leg length b.Throat thickness c. Root d. Weld toes QU 3. Sketch five joint types in addition to a butt joint QU 4. Identify the the following features from the sketch

F E D B A C

Welding Inspection
Welding Symbols

BS 499 part 2 Welding Symbols

Welding Symbols
Weld symbols are used to transfer information from the design office to the workshop and contain five basic components
The arrow line: the arrow line must touch the joint reference area on the drawing The reference line: the reference line must touch the arrow line and is generally parallel with the bottom of the drawing page The symbol: the vertical line in the symbols for a fillet weld, single/double bevel butts and a J-butt welds must always be on the left side. The dimensions: In most standards the cross sectional dimensions are given to the left side, and all linear dimensions are give on the right side Supplementary information: such as welding process, weld profile, NDT and any special instructions

BS 499: part 2. Welding Symbols

Other side Reference line Arrow line Arrow side

Other side

Arrow side

Both sides

BS 499: part 2. Welding Symbols

a b

BS 499: part 2. Welding Symbols

Flat

Convex

Concave

Toes shall be blended

BS 499: part 2. Welding Symbols

Field weld (site weld)

Welding to be carried out all round component (peripheral weld)

NDT

WPS

The component requires NDT inspection

Additional information, the reference document is included in the box

BS 499: part 2. Welding Symbols

Peripheral Welds

10 10 10

8 8 8

BS 499: part 2. Welding Symbols

a = Design throat thickness s = Actual throat thickness b = Leg length (min material thickness) a = 0.7 of b

a4 b b6
6mm Leg

4mm Design Throat

s5
5mm Actual Throat

BS 499: part 2. Welding Symbols

5 5 8

5 8 8

OR
8 5

All dimensions in mm

BS 499: part 2. Welding Symbols

n x l (e)
n l (e) = number of weld elements = length of each weld element = distance between each weld element

Welds to be staggered

3 x 40 (50) 2 x 40 (50)

111
Process

BS 499: part 2. Welding Symbols

All dimensions in mm
6 6 8 8 5 6 6 6 80 80 3 x 80 (90) 3 x 80 (90) 80 90 90 90 80 80 8 6 3 x 80 (90) 3 x 80 (90) 80

5 5

90

90

90

BS 499: part 2. Welding Symbols

Single-V Butt

Single-U Butt

Single-V Butt flush cap

Single-U Butt with sealing run

BS 499: part 2. Welding Symbols

Single-bevel butt

Double-bevel butt

Single-bevel butt

Single-J butt

BS 499: part 2. Welding Symbols

10

10

15

Partial penetration single-V butt

BS 499: part 2. Welding Symbols

Plug weld

Square Butt weld

Spot weld

Single-V Butt broad root face

Seam weld

Edge flange weld

BS 499: part 2. Flared flange Welding Symbols

Joint detail

Joint detail

BS 499: part 2. Numerical Indication of Process 111: MMA welding with covered electrode 121: Sub-arc welding with wire electrode 131: MIG welding with inert gas shield 135: MAG welding with non-inert gas shield 136: Flux core arc welding 141: TIG welding 311: Oxy-acetylene welding 72: Electro-slag welding

BS 499: prt. 2 Butt Weld ex: 1

Complete the symbol drawing for the welded cruciform joint provided below All welds are welded with the MIG process and fillet welds with the MMA process

7 35 15

10 20 30

All fillet weld leg lengths 10 mm

BS 499: prt. 2 Butt Weld ex: 1

Complete the symbol drawing for the welded cruciform joint provided below All welds are welded with the MIG process and fillet welds with the MMA process
b10 30 20 131 / 111

7 35 15
b10 a 7 35 131 / 111 15 b10

10

b10

20 30

All fillet weld leg lengths 10 mm

BS 499: prt. 2 Fillet Welds ex: 1

1. Welded both sides: A continuous concave fillet weld 6mm leg lengths.
12

6 6

2 x 30 3 x 20
20

(10) (30)

2. Welded arrow side: Three intermittent fillet welds, 6 mm leg lengths, the length of each weld 20 mm, the distance between each weld 30 mm. Welded other side: Two intermittent fillet welds 12 mm leg lengths, the length of each weld 30 mm, the distance between each weld 10 mm. Welds to be staggered. 3. Welded both sides. A continuous fillet weld, 6 mm leg lengths, 4 mm throat thickness, welds to be carried out on site. 4. Welded arrow side: Three intermittent fillet welds 10 mm leg lengths, 7mm throat thickness, length of each weld 15 mm, the distance between each weld 25 mm. Welded other side: A continuous convex fillet weld, 15 mm leg length, 10.5 mm throat thickness.

6
20 30 20 30

10

30

10

30

10

(b) 6 (a) 4 (b) 6 (a) 4

(b)15 (a)10.5 (b)10 (a)7

15 25 15 25 15

3 x 15 (25)

BS EN 22553 (ISO 2553) Welding Symbols

BS EN 22553 (ISO 2553) Welding Symbols

Reference lines Arrow line

Other side Arrow side

Arrow side Other side

BS EN 22553 (ISO 2553) Welding Symbols

Other side

Both sides

Arrow side

BS EN 22553 (ISO 2553) Welding Symbols a b

BS EN 22553 (ISO 2553) Welding Symbols

Flat

Convex

Concave

Toes shall be blended

BS EN 22553 (ISO 2553) Welding Symbols

Field weld (site weld)

Welding to be carried out all round component (peripheral weld)

NDT

WPS

The component requires NDT inspection

Additional information, the reference document is included in the box

BS EN 22553 (ISO 2553) Welding Symbols

Peripheral Welds

z10 10 10

z8 8 8

BS EN 22553 (ISO 2553) Welding Symbols

a = Design throat thickness s = Actual throat thickness z = Leg length (min material thickness) a = 0.7 of z

a4 z z6
6mm leg

4mm Design throat

s s5
5mm Actual throat

BS EN 22553 (ISO 2553) Welding Symbols

n l (e) = number of weld elements = length of each weld element = distance between each weld element

n x l (e)

Welds to be staggered

2 x 40 (50) 3 x 40 (50)

111
Process

BS EN 22553 (ISO 2553) Welding Symbols

All dimensions in mm
6 6 8 8 z5 z6 6 6 80 80 3 x 80 (90) 3 x 80 (90) 80 90 90 90 80 80 z8 z6 3 x 80 (90) 3 x 80 (90) 80

5 5

90

90

90

BS EN 22553 (ISO 2553) Welding Symbols

MR M

Single-V Butt with permanent backing strip

Single-U Butt with removable backing strip

Single-V Butt flush cap

Single-U Butt with sealing run

BS EN 22553 (ISO 2553) Welding Symbols

Single-bevel butt

Double-bevel butt

Single-bevel butt

Single-J butt

BS EN 22553 (ISO 2553) Welding Symbols

10

10

Partial penetration single-V butt

BS EN 22553 (ISO 2553) Welding Symbols

Plug weld

Square Butt weld

Spot weld

Steep flanked Single-V Butt

Seam weld

Surfacing

BS EN 22553. Flared flange Welding Symbols

Joint detail

Joint detail

BS EN 22553. Numerical Indication of Process 111: MMA welding with covered electrode 121: Sub-arc welding with wire electrode 131: MIG welding with inert gas shield 135: MAG welding with non-inert gas shield 136: Flux core arc welding 141: TIG welding 311: Oxy-acetylene welding 72: Electro-slag welding

BS EN 22553: Butt Weld ex: 2

Complete the symbol drawing for the welded cruciform joint provided below All welds are welded with the MIG process and fillet welds with the MMA process

7 35 15

10 20 30

All fillet weld leg lengths 10 mm

BS EN 22553: Butt Weld ex: 2

Complete the symbol drawing for the welded cruciform joint provided below All welds are welded with the MIG process and fillet welds with the MMA process
z10 30 20 131 / 111

7 35 15
z10 a 7 35 131 / 111 15 z10

10

z10

20 30

All fillet weld leg lengths 10 mm

BS EN 22553 Fillet Welds ex: 1

1. Welded arrow side: A continuous fillet weld

with a 6 mm leg length , toes to be blended smoothly. 2. Welded both sides: Three intermittent fillet welds with 6 mm leg lengths, the length of each weld 25 mm and the distance between each weld 40 mm. 3. Welded arrow sides: Three intermittent fillet welds with 10 mm leg lengths, the length of each weld 40 mm, the distance between each weld 30mm. Welded other side: Three intermittent fillet welds 6 mm leg lengths, the length of each weld 50mm and the distance between each weld 25mm, welds to be staggered. 4. Welded arrow side: Three intermittent fillet welds with 8 mm leg lengths, the length of each weld 25 mm and the distance between each weld 50 mm. Welded other side: Two intermittent fillet welds with 10 mm leg lengths, the length of each weld 20 mm and the distance between each weld 40mm, welds to be staggered.
6 6
25 40 25 40 25

3 x 25 (40) 3 x 25 (40)

25

40

25

40

25

10 6
30 40 30 40 30 40

3 x 40 (30) 3 x 50 (25)

50

25

50

25

50

8 10
25 50 25 50 25

3 x 25 (50) 2 x 20 (40)

40

20

40

20

Ans to BS EN 22553 Butt Welds ex: 1

M

1. Welded arrow side: Single-V butt weld with permanent

backing strip, flat weld profile.

2. Welded other side: Single-U butt weld, flat weld profile

3. Welded arrow side: Single-V butt weld depth of preparation 10 mm Welded other side: Backing run. (Plate thickness 15 mm.)
12 12 8

10

4. Welded arrow side: Single-J butt weld, depth of preparation 12 mm with a 8 mm fillet weld superimposed. (plate thickness 15 mm. Welded other side: 12 mm leg length fillet weld.

AWS Welding Symbols

AWS. Welding Symbols

Depth of Bevel
1(1-1/8) 1/8 60o

Root Opening

Effective Throat

Groove Angle

AWS. Welding Symbols

Welding Process
FCAW
1/8 60o

1(1-1/8)

GMAW GTAW SAW

AWS. Welding Symbols

FCAW
1(1-1/8)

Applicable to any single groove weld

Single Bevel

AWS. Welding Symbols

Welds to be staggered

3 10 3 10
3
SMAW Process

10

AWS. Welding Symbols

Sequence of Operations 3rd Operation 2nd Operation 1st Operation
1(1-1/8) 1/8 60o

FCAW

AWS. Welding Symbols

Sequence of Operations MT MT
1(1-1/8)

RT

FCAW
1/8 60o

AWS. Welding Symbols

Dimensions- Leg Length
6 leg on member A 6/8

Member A

=
6

Member B