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14. Java for-each Loop

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7 views

14. Java for-each Loop

Uploaded by

Nitin Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java for-each Loop

In Java, the for-each loop is used to iterate through elements of arrays and
collections (like ArrayList). It is also known as the enhanced for loop.

for-each Loop Sytnax


The syntax of the Java for-each loop is:

for(dataType item : array) {


...
}

Here,

• array - an array or a collection


• item - each item of array/collection is assigned to this variable
• dataType - the data type of the array/collection

Example 1: Print Array Elements


// print array elements

class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {

// create an array
int[] numbers = {3, 9, 5, -5};

// for each loop


for (int number: numbers) {
System.out.println(number);
}
}
}

Output

3
9
5
-5

Here, we have used the for-each loop to print each element of


the numbers array one by one.
• In the first iteration, item will be 3.
• In the second iteration, item will be 9.
• In the third iteration, item will be 5.
• In the fourth iteration, item will be -5.

Example 2: Sum of Array Elements


// Calculate the sum of all elements of an array

class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {

// an array of numbers
int[] numbers = {3, 4, 5, -5, 0, 12};
int sum = 0;

// iterating through each element of the array


for (int number: numbers) {
sum += number;
}

System.out.println("Sum = " + sum);


}
}

Output:
Sum = 19

In the above program, the execution of the for each loop looks as:
Iteration Variables

number = 3
1
sum = 0 + 3 = 3

number = 4
2
sum = 3 + 4 = 7

number = 5
3
sum = 7 + 5 = 12

number = -5
4
sum = 12 + (-5) = 7

number = 0
5
sum = 7 + 0 = 7

number = 12
6
sum = 7 + 12 = 19

As we can see, we have added each element of the numbers array to


the sum variable in each iteration of the loop.

for loop Vs for-each loop


Let's see how a for-each loop is different from a regular Java for loop.
1. Using for loop
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {

char[] vowels = {'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'};

// iterating through an array using a for loop


for (int i = 0; i < vowels.length; ++ i) {
System.out.println(vowels[i]);
}
}
}

Output:

a
e
i
o
u

2. Using for-each Loop


class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {

char[] vowels = {'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'};

// iterating through an array using the for-each loop


for (char item: vowels) {
System.out.println(item);
}
}
}

Output:

a
e
i
o
u

Here, the output of both programs is the same. However, the for-each loop
is easier to write and understand.
This is why the for-each loop is preferred over the for loop when working
with arrays and collections.

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