Chapter– 9 Physical Optics

TOPIC WISE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

9.1 WAVEFRONTS
(1) The blue colour of sky is due to: LHR-2018 (G-I)
(a) diffraction of light (b) reflection of light
(c) polarization of light (d) scattering of light
(2) Angle between ray of light and wave front: LHR 2015 (G-II)
(a) 0º (b) 60º
(c) 90º (d) 120º
(3) Phase difference between two points of a wave front is SGD-2016 (G-I)

(a) zero (b) 2


(c)  (d) 3 2
(4) When a ray of light enters from denser into a rare medium wavelength of light ray
will: FSD-2016 (G-I)
(a) increase (b) decrease
(c) unchanged (d) cannot be determined
(5) The locus of all points in the same phase of vibration is: BWP-2019 (G-II)
(a) wave front (b) wavelength
(c) crest (d) trough
(6) In case of point source, the shape of wave-front isDGK-2018 (G-II), MTN-2019 (G-I)
(a) plane (b) spherical
(c) cylindrical (d) circular
(7) Light waves are: MTN-2018 (G-I)
(a) longitudinal waves (b) transverse waves
(c) stationary waves (d) mechanical waves
(8) A ray of light shows the direction of propagation of light. It is a line which is:
MTN-2018 (G-I)
(a) normal to the wave front (b) parallel to wave front
(c) opposite to wave front (d) equal to wave front
(9) The wave nature of light was proposed by
(a) Newton (b) Joule
(c) Maxwell (d) Huygen
(10) Electromagnetic wave nature of light was proposed by
(a) Hertz (b) Maxwell
(c) Einstein (d) Huygen
(11) Small segments of a large spherical wavefronts approximately
(a) a circular wavefront (b) cylindrical wavefront

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(c) plane wavefront (d) spherical wavefront

(12) Such a surface on which all the points have the same phase of vibration is called
(a) crest (b) trough
(c) wavelength (d) wavefront
(13) A line normal to the wavefront, showing the direction of propagation of light is
called
(a) beam of light (b) ray of light (c) both a and b (d) none of these
(14) Which experiment was performed by Huygens?
(a) Diffraction (b) Polarization
(c) Interference (d) Refraction
(15) Which one of the following properties of light does not change with the nature of
medium?
(a) velocity (b) wavelength
(c) amplitude (d) frequency
(16) Light waves are
(a) matter waves (b) mechanical waves
(c) electromagnetic waves (d) none of these
(17) Young’s experiment performed for the first time in_________ proved wave nature
of light
(a) 1981 (b) 1801
(c) 1765 (d) 1678
(18) Wave nature of light is confirmed by phenomena
(a) Polarization (b) Interference
(c) Diffraction (d) All of these
(19) Sun emits
(a) yellow light (b) red light
(c) blue light (d) white light
(20) According to Newton light travels in the form of
(a) waves (b) photons
(c) corpuscles (d) all of these
9.2 HUYGEN’S PRINCIPLE
(21) According to Huygen’s principle, each point on a wave front acts as a source of:
LHR-2017 (G-II) (a) secondary wavelet (b) primary wavelet
(c) new wave front (d) sound
(22) Huygen’s principle enables us to determine the
(a) frequency and wavelength of new wavefront
(b) shape and location of new wavefront
(c) amplitude and location of new wavefront
(d) shape and size of new wavefront
(23) According to Huygen’s principle, phase difference between two points on a
wavefront
(a) 0 (b) π

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(c) π/2 (d) π/4

(24) According to Huygen’s principle, the new wavefront at time t + Δt is a (a)
secant envelope to all secondary wavelets
(b) tangent envelope to all secondary wavelets
(c) tangent envelope to all primary wavelets
(d) secant envelope to all primary wavelets
(25) The phase difference between two successive wave fronts of light is


(a) (b) 
2
(c) 2 (d) zero
(26) The distance traveled by the light between primary wave front to a secondary wave
front is given by c
(a) (b) cΔt
Δt

Δt cΔt
(c) (d) c t
(27) Wavelet of light moves in
(a) Backward direction (b) Forward direction
(c) All direction (d) Any direction
9.3 INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT WAVES
(28) Soap film shows colors due to: RWP-2019 (G-I)
(a) Interference (b) Diffraction
(c) Polarization (d) Reflection
(29) The sources are said to be coherent if they
(a) have constant phase difference (b) are very less distance apart
(c) are monochromatic (d) both a & c
(30) Can two head lights of a car produce interference
(a) yes (b) no
(c) partially produce (d) both a & c
(31) Sodium chloride in a flame gives
(a) pure yellow light (b) pure blue light
(c) pure green light (d) pure red light
(32) To observe the phenomenon of interference
(a) light should be monochromatic (b)light must be coherent
(c) the sources should close to each other (d) all of these
(33) If two light waves are not coherent then which of the phenomena cannot take place
(a) diffraction (b) interference
(c) polarization (d) all of these
(34) The two different flashlights will not produce an interference pattern, because
(a) light beams are not coming from the coherent sources
(b) light beams are coming from the coherent sources

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(c) light beams are not coming from the transmitted light sources
(d) light beams are coming from the transmitted light sources
(35) If the waves interfere constructively then the amplitude of the resultant wave will be
(a) greater then either of individual wave (b) Less then either of individual wave
(c) equal to either of individual wave (d) none of these
(36) Monochromatic light means having
(a) one colour light (b) two colour light
(c) three colour light (d) colourless light
9.4 YOUNG’S DOUBLE SLIT EXPERIMENT
(37) Fringe spacing increases if we use: LHR-2019 (G-II)
(a) red light (b) blue light
(c) yellow light (d) green light

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Cha
pter–
(38) For which of the following colours will the fringe width be minimum in the double
slit experiment: GRW-2019 (G-II)
(a) violet (b) red
(c) green (d) yellow
(39) Fringe spacing increases if we use: RWP-2019 (G-I)
(a) lowest order (b) highest order
(c) red light (d) blue light
(40) In Young’s double slit experiment, the position for bright fringes is: FSD-2017

d m
(a) Ym  m (b) Ym  m
L Ld

 d
(c) Ym  mL (d) Ym  m d L
(41) In Young’s double slit experiment, the distance between two adjacent bright or dark fringes

SWL-2018, RWP-2016 (G-I) d d
(a) (b)

L L dL L
(c) (d)
 d
(42) Fringe spacing is inversely proportional to: BWP-2017 (G-II)
(a) wave-length (b) slit separation
(c) distance between the slits and screen (d) frequency of light
(43) The fringe spacing in double slit experiment can be increased by decreasing
(a) width of the slits (b) separation of the slits
(c) wavelength of light (d) distance between the slit and screen
(44) In Young’s double slit experiment, fringe spacing will be maximum if we used
(a) yellow light (b) red light
(c) green light (d) blue light
(45) Maxima is termed as
(a) bright fringe (b) monochromatic light
(c) white light (d) dark fringe
(46) What happened to the fringe spacing, when the experiment is performed in water instead of
air?
(a) enlarge (b) shrink
(c) disappear (d) no effect
(47) The condition for the constructive interference of two coherent beams is obtained, the path
difference will be

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
(a) integral multiple of (b) integral multiple of 
2

(c) even integral multiple of  (d) odd integral multiple of
2
(48) In Young’s double slit experiment, the position of dark fringe is expressed as

(a) ym  m 12dL (b) ym  m 14dL


 md
(c) y

m m Ld (d) ym  2 L

Chapter–
(49) In Young’s double slit experiment, the condition for bright fringe is expressed as

(a) d sinm 12 (b) d sinm 12


(c) 2dsin  m (d) dsin  m
(50) The fringe spacing depends upon
(a) wavelength of light (b) separation between the slits
(c) the distance of screen from the slits (d) all of these
(51) In Young’s double slit experiment, if the distance between the slits and screen is halved and
the distance between the slits is doubled then the fringe spacing is
(a) half (b) double
(c) four times (d) one fourth
(52) In young’s double slit experiment if blue light is used instead of red light then fringe spacing.
(a) increases (b) decreases
(c) remain same (d) none of these
(53) In young’s double slit experiment, the fringe spacing can be increased by
(a) decreasing the separation of slits
(b) increasing the wavelength
(c) increasing the distance between slits and screen (d) all of these
(54) In young’s experiment if white light is used then
(a) no fringe will be seen (b) bright fringe will be seen
(c) few coloured fringes will be seen (d) dark fringe will be seen
9.6 NEWTON’S RING
(55) Newton’s rings are formed as a result of: LHR-2017 (G-I)
(a) interference (b) dispersion
(c) diffraction (d) polarization

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(56)
In Newton’s ring experimental arrangement, we observe the pattern through
(a) telescope (b) microscope
(c) spectrometer (d) interferometer
(57) In Newton’s Ring, at the point of contact of the lens and the glass plate, the
thickness of the film is
(a) very large (b) very thin
(c) almost zero (d) continually changes


(58) The path difference means the phase change of
2
o
(a) 90 (b) 60o
(c) 180o (d) 45o
(59) By using the transmitted light, the central spot of Newton’s ring appears to be
(a) bright (b) dark
(c) red (d) blue

Chapter–
9.7 MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER


(60) In a Michelson interferometer by moving the mirror through a distance of , the
4 path difference
changes by: DGK-2018 (G-II),LHR-2016 (G-I)GRW-2019 (G-I)
 
(a) (b)
4 2
(c)  (d) 2
(61) Michelson measured the length of standard meter in terms of wavelength of
(a) sodium light (b) red cadmium light
(c) platinum light (d) cesium light
(62) Which instrument is used to view the fringes in Michelson interferometer
(a) compound microscope (b) interferometer
(c) spectrometer (d) telescope
(63) Michelson’s formula for the displacement L is

 m
(a) L m (b) L
2 2
(c) L m 2  (d) L m 2
(64) Michelson’s interferometer can also be used to find the
(a) wavelength of light (b) frequency of light

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(c) velocity of light (d) velocity of sound

(65) Michelson’s interferometer was devised in
(a) 1864 (b) 1687
(c) 1881 (d) 1786
(66) Michelson shows that the standard meter was equivalent to _____________ of wavelength of
red cadmium light
(a) 15553163.5 (b) 16553153.5 (c) 1653163.5 (d) 1553163.5
(67) Michelson’s Interferometer is an instrument that can be used to measure
(a) distance with extremely low precision (b) distance with extremely high precision
(c) both a and b (d) none
9.8 & 9.9 DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT & DIFFRACTION DUE TO NARROW SLIT
(68) Diffraction is a special type of: (GRW 2015)
(a) interference (b) polarization
(c) reflection (d) refraction
(69) The property of bending of light around the obstacle is known as LHR 2015 (G-I)
(a) interference (b) diffraction
(c) reflection (d) polarization
(70) Diffraction is a characteristic of
(a) particle (b) wave
(c) both a and b (d) none of these
(71) Diffraction effects are
(a) more for sharp edges (b) less for cylindrical
(c) less for round edge (d) less for sharp edge
(72) Diffraction is a property of
(a) interference (b) wave
(c) reflection (d) polarization

Chapter–
(73) In diffraction the phenomenon is found to be prominent when the wavelength of light is
large as compared with the
(a) aperture of the slit (b) distance between source and slit (c) number of the slits
(d) all of these
(74) In diffraction pattern due to narrow slits the equation for the first minimum is d d

(a) sin  (b) sin
2 2 2

 d 2
(c) d sin (d) sin 
2 2 3
(75) When the light passes through the pinhole opening, then the spreading of light is due to
(a) interference (b)diffraction
(c) polarization (d) scattering

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(76)
Which of the following waves can be diffracted
(a) sound waves (b) light waves
(c) water waves (d) all of these
9.10 DIFFRACTION GRATING
(77) The optical instrument with a regular pattern, which splits light into several beams is called
(a) slit (b) pinhole camera
(c) grating (d) grating element
(78) The distance between two adjacent lines or slits is called
(a) slit (b) grating
(c) grating element (d) narrow slit
(79) A typical diffraction grating has about
(a) 400 to 5000 lines per meter (b) 400 to 5000 lines per centimeter
(c) 400 to 5000 lines per cubic meter (d) 400 to 5000 lines per millimeter
(80) The relation of grating element can be expressed as

(a) d = length of grating element

distance between the slits

(b) d= lengthof grating element

numberof lines rules on it

(c) d = number of linesruled on it

lengthof grating element

(d) d=(lengthof gratingelement)×(numberof linesruledonit)
(81) On a compact disc the width of each fine ruling is about
(a) 0.5mm (b) 0.5cm
(c) 0.5μm (d) 0.5 dm
o
(82) When θ = 0 , along the direction of normal to the grating, the path difference between the
rays coming out from the slits of grating will be
(a) minimum (b) maximum
(c) zero (d) none of these
(83) If a diffraction grating has 1000 lines per mm. Its grating element will be
(a) 1 10 3cm (b) 1 10 5cm
(c) 1 10 mm
5
(d) 1 10 4cm

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(84) In diffraction grating the path difference for constructive interference should be
 
(a) (b)
2 4


(c)  (d)
8
(85) A diffraction grating used to make a diffraction pattern for yellow light and then for
red light. The distance between the red spots will be ________ that for yellow light.
(a) less than (b) greater than
(c) disappear (d) no change
(86) To get more orders of spectra using a diffraction grating, the wavelength should
(a) be decreased (b) be increased
(c) be remained same (d) none of these
(87) To get orders of spectra using a diffraction grating, we can use the relation

 sin
(a) n sin (b) n
 
(c) n  sin (d) n  d sin d 
9.11 DIFFRACTION OF X-RAYS BY CRYSTALS
(88) Bragg’s equation is: LHR-2019 (G-I)

n 
(a) 2dsin (b) 2dsin n
2

n 
(c) 2sin (d) dsin 2
2
(89) X-rays is a type of electromagnetic radiation of much shorter wavelength of the
order of
(a) 10–10m (b) 10–19m
(c) 10–20m (d) 10–12m
(90) Bragg’s equation is expressed as d
(a) sin = n  (b) d sin = n 
2

n
(c) 2d sin = n (d) 2d sin = 
2
(91) The study of atomic structure of crystals by X-rays was initiated in
(a) 1914 (b) 1901
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PhysicalOptics
Chapter– 9 Optics
(c) 1811 (d) 1931
(92) Diffraction of x-rays by crystal shows that
(a) the intensity of light is high (b) x-ray has shorter wavelength
(c) x-rays has greater frequency (d) both b & c
(93) X-rays are very useful in determining the structure of
(a) hemoglobin (b) double helix structure of DNA
(c) both a & b (d) pulse rate
(94) Which colour suffers the maximum deviation in prism
(a) yellow (b) blue
(c) orange (d) green

ANSWER KEYS
(Topic Wise Multiple Choice Questions)
1 d 16 c 31 a 46 b 61 b 76 d 91 a
2 c 17 b 32 d 47 b 62 b 77 d 92 d
3 a 18 d 33 b 48 a 63 a 78 c 93 c
4 a 19 d 34 a 49 d 64 a 79 b 94 b
5 a 20 c 35 a 50 d 65 c 80 b
6 d 21 a 36 a 51 d 66 d 81 c
7 b 22 b 37 a 52 b 67 b 82 c
8 a 23 a 38 a 53 d 68 a 83 d
9 c 24 b 39 c 54 c 69 b 84 c
10 d 25 c 40 c 55 a 70 c 85 a
11 c 26 b 41 d 56 b 71 a 86 a
12 d 27 c 42 b 57 c 72 a 87 d
13 b 28 a 43 b 58 c 73 a 88 b
14 a 29 d 44 b 59 a 74 b 89 a
15 d 30 d 45 a 60 b 75 b 90 c

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