GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Literature is a reflection of life, the socio-cultural realities of a given people

expressed through oral or written language. It has the double purpose of
instructing and pleasing. It’s a work of imagination and its ultimate goal is to
instruct and inculcate moral virtues in its reader. It tends to sensitize the
reader to reflect and speculate on certain strange phenomenon. The
fundamental roles played by the oral and the written aspects are analyzed in
order to prove that literature is inseparable from the society.

The literature is primarily aiming to the spiritual domain, and even the
intellectual aspect of man because it is a work of the imagination that helps
man to transcend the physical world. In this state, it may have inspirations
and creativity that generate new ideas that transforming her spiritually or
technologically life. It is by learning our cultures and our traditions that
children who are the future generation are inscribed with the values that are
good for our society. The real development is the one who arrives with home
and its natural environment.

It follows that literature, especially the African literature can be used as an

instrument by which Africans discover their lost identity. Few development
can be updated in a society that does not reconcile with its culture. Wellek
and Warren also explain that "the study of oral literature is an integral part
of literary studies and that the written literature is not permanently. There
are often a constant integration between both of them and, some novels

According to https://www.ujah:UnizikjournalofArtsandHumanitiesFlight13No.1
Like the fables of the fountain contain tales and folklores. In Africa
Traditional literature had been orally transmitted by the old, the grids, the
poets, the priests who were guardians of tradition. Oral literature is very
important in the African traditional society because it is part of the life of the
African people. So, it is transferable faithfully to generation in generation
according to his duties in the company (Cauvin 3). She is interested in
explaining the origin of man in African civilization, to solve morality in social
life and analyze the meaning of existence by relying on the traditions of the
ancestors (9). According to Cauvin: the tales are said at night. After the
evening meal, people gather around a fire, in a courtyard, or on the village
square. Often the youngest begin to start guess and everyone seeks the
answers. Then, at a certain moment, the first tale appears and the evening
can continue late late at night ... (9)By telling them various stories and
stories they learn to the children the corporation of the company. Some of
these stories and stories that are based on virtues and lessons of obedience,
kindness, patience, honesty, hospitality, help parents pay the children's
drives (Cauvin 9). This way the old transmits the beliefs, and the experiences
of their race. Young people learn easily how their jobs and the metaphors
uses by the images.

Oral narratives, all over the world, set the pace for the written literature. It is
an integral part of every human culture. However, the sophistication of the
modern world, particularly the globalization, has directly or indirectly
affected the potency of oral narratives in Africa, that is why it has brought
new ways of conveying message and one of these ways is to convey
message through movies.

Watching movies can be an excellent choice to refresh our minds. For

children, watching movies has some benefits too, such as creating
awareness in the way that usually, the story in the movie raises issues
related to history, culture, country, or language. It makes children familiar
with these kinds of things, which is good for children's insight. It also gives
the people Inspiration because each movie has characters whose roles are
positive and conflicting stories that spread the message of struggle. Children
will think that doing positive things will lead to goodness and will not easily
give up facing various life problems.

Watching movies can develop cognitive Skills and can help develop our
cognitive skills, such as forming long-term memory, maintaining focus,
developing logic, reasoning, visual and auditory processes. It develop
linguistic skills by bringing up many conversation scenes that can help
introduce children to a lot of vocabulary and pronunciation. Movies present
various stories and visuals that increase children's knowledge of different
objects and ideas. Those lead to the increasing of their imagination and
creativity. It can be an intermezzo for children from their daily activities.
Sometimes children feel tired with things at school, so watching movies
makes them feel free from exhaustion for a moment. When watching a
movie, a child's brain will release stress hormones and replace them with
endorphins. This hormone has a function to make the emotional state
happier.

According to https://www.teachingtimes.com/knowledge-banks/using-film-in-education/ movie has

been a major feature of popular culture for a hundred years, and the moving
image now dominates all aspects of the transmission of information. Schools,
however, have been very slow to move away from their dependency on text.

From the source above, it can be seen that movies do not only play the role
of entertaining people but also teaching them how to behave in our current
society. Study after study suggests that children now, particularly boys, need
visual stimulates to support their learning and that all children receive a lot
of their social and moral learning through movies.

According to https://www.stageandcinema-com.translate.goog/ , the world is

changing, and so is the movie industry. Now with millions of streaming
websites, viewers can watch movies at any time of the day. With the influx of
the internet, watching movies has become a much bigger concept than
before.

Nevertheless, movies are a great source of entertainment. And there is no

doubt about that! They transform people into a whole new world. It helps
people in forgetting their anxiousness and anxieties. Movies stimulate
relaxation and prove as a better element in leisure hours. People from every
age bracket can enjoy movies that bring the pure essence of entertainment.
They cover different aspects of history, science, culture, arts, and
technology. They refrain the viewers from being blinded by false stories. And
help in debunking myths and falsified statements. After all, a picture speaks
thousands of words alone.
They educate the viewers by showing the real face of society. Films adopt
the actual events and stories of daily lives. In such cases, they help in
mirroring the good and bad of society. People of all ages watch films. It will
educate all and show them the face of the era they live in. As the mater of
the fact, literature analyses helps viewers to depict some Key elements as
thems, styles, diction , etc. inside of the movie which can allow him or her to
better understand of the movie. Therefore the present work focuses on the
analyses of the themes of Abandonment and Poverty in princess tyra
movie among other themes developed in side. In deed, the film understudy
tried to in light how abandonment theme has created problem at the level of
some characters especially Agnes who was abandon by her parents brutally
is impregnated by unknown man, she suffered a lot in order to take care of
her children while she is jobless, decides to abandon the twins because of
poverty whereby she was swimming in side. One young girl named Maphia is
left at their neigherbours and another one named Hachelet is left at hospital.
That tragy-comedy influences much at psychological level of

Characters and manly poverty is seen as the key fact of abandonment in the
understudy movie. So in lightness of this movie the princess Tyra, my bright
attention bend on two themes to develop, which are Abandonment and
Poverty to Shaw readers what is going on in nowadays society especially in
Africa since it is a movie produced in Africa and by Africans characters.

1.2. Statement of Problem

There is no research without any problem. In fact, poverty has dominated the
World mainly African continent in the way that colonialism is still dominating
African continent, cultural values is not respected seeing the power of
modernism; as the result of poverty is abandonment of some children
education in the World. The same reality is found in Princess tyra film
whereby Agnes is rejected by her family, swing in poverty in the street, she
is morally traumatized because of lack of family affection, in this mood she is
impregnated by unknown man; unluckily she is going to get twins without
having the possibility of taking care of them. That is why she decides to
abandon them: Mafia is abandoned at their neighbors and Ashley is
abandoned at hospital. Since life has got its reality, Mafia is growing up in a
poor family whereby she is obliged to do her best in order to survive; start
working in lubo kingdom at royal palace as princess Tyra’s servant. Unluckily
she is also impregnated by the prince key, later will discover that pregnancy,
while the prince went for study issue but the royal palace confirmed as
abomination of cultural values and Maphia is abandon looking where to live
and what to eat, because her mother in low died because of lack of medicine
( poverty) . Whereas Ashley is in a rich family and she is studying in Europe.
That is the way these themes of poverty affected characters in different
ways and lead to abandonment as consequences in princess Tyra movie.

Research Questions

To investigate the problem stated above, the following questions are asked
to guide the study:

How are Povrety and Abandonement developed in the movie The Princess
Tyra ?

What are the causes and consequences of abandonement in this movie?

In which medium can abandonement be avoided?

Hypotheses

Poverty and abandonment are developed in this movie especially when

Agnes's life becomes complicated because of lack of the one taking her Care
and money issue ( poverty) . Abandoned by her restricted family she is; After
the death of her parents, starts looking here and there the help to the street.
In the same way Maphia when she was impregnated by prince key, by the
side of royal palace princess key's mother did not recognize that pregnancy
that why she was looking where to live and what to eat ( abandonment).This
is how these two themes are developed in above movie.

In the present work understudy abandonment’s cause i can pretend to say is

poverty; in fact, poverty is seen as the key cause of Abandonment in the way
that characters suffered in different ways because of poverty, such as Mafia
who is working at royal palace in the kingdom of lubo at princess Tyra as
servant in order to survive, seeing the way her mother was suffering ( lack of
money) suddenly falls in love relationship with the prince Key, but since the
prince went for studies issue, she is abandoned by Prince key's family, that
why she becomes a bagger in the street, this is how poverty is one of the
cause of Abandonment which result to the death of some of characters such
as Agnes and Mafia's Mather in low.

Abandonment can be avoided in wide ways: firstly, Agnes should not

discourage by abandoned her lovely babies because of hard situation of life
but simply should do her best to take Care of them. Secondly, though family
situations of Mafia, she should resist by the decision taken by prince Key of
sharing love than accepting, and that should be one of ways of avoiding
abandonment in this movie.

1.5. Objective

1.5.1. General Objective

On the lightness of Princesses Tyra movie this work aims at showing readers
how Abandonment and Poverty are developed in this work

1.5.2. Specific Objective

The present work is in lighting the causes and consequences of
Abandonment and poverty and the way of avoiding them in the social life, to
help future researchers to have a general idea about understudy themes

1.6. Significance of Study

Considering the Impact of abandonment and poverty in social life, this work
is significant to all readers in the way that it will insight them to understand
how much abandonment Can affect some one psychologically and even
reach the level of traumatized when Poverty occupies someone's life
generally. And how to drive off from currant life. This work may help
researchers and readers not only for academic purposes but also for their
daily lives.

1.7. Scope of the Study

The present work is the fruit of thematic analysis of the movie Princesses
Tyra. This work is oriented in African literature especially from West African
literature because the author is from NIGERIA. After watching several time
and correctly the movie understudy, I discover that the movie has developed
several themes such as: jealousy, prostitution, love, murder,
misunderstanding, disappointment and so forth. But I have focused my study
on the themes of Abandonment and poverty . So far as the scrambling of the
work is concerned, it is divided in to four chapters. The first is general
introduction to the study, the second is chapter one which presents Review
of literature, the third chapter focuses on research methodology, the fourth
chapter is based on analysis of movie " Princess Tyra, the fifth one deals with
analyses of Abandonment and Poverty in "The Princess Tyra" and finally a
conclusion puts an end to this scientific work.

1.8. Methodology
According to (Creswell, 2014) : The data collection steps include setting the
boundaries for the study, collecting information through unstructured or semi
structured observations and interviews, documents, and visual materials, as
well as establishing the protocol for recording information. Whereas kothari
views (2004:8), says a research methodology is a way where by a research
problem is solve methodically. In another way it is a science of studying how
research is done scientifically and it refers to discussion of understanding
why particular methods are used. The fulfilment of this work requires
deskwork method which concerned reading of document such as articles,
Books, works etc. and to watch mainly the movie Princess Tyra by using a not
book where some important passages were written to guide the study, also
other information related to the topic from internet.

CHAPTER One: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON ABANDONMENT AND POVRETY

According to https://enwikipédia.org/wiki/literature-review (retrieved on July

27th, 2022 at 6:5a.m) literature review is said to be a search and evaluation
of the available literature in your given subject or chosen topic area. It
documents the state of the art with respect to the subject or topic you are
writing about. From the same source it is said that literature review has got
four main objectives which are: surveying the literature in your chosen area
of study synthesizing the information in that literature into a summary
analyzing the information gather by identifying gaps in current knowledge,
by showing limitations of theories and points of view and by formulating
areas for further research way. According to Creswell (2005) , a review of the
literature “is a written summary of journal articles, books and other
documents that describes the past and current state of information,
organizes the literature into topics and documents a need for a proposed
study.” ( pp.79)

2.1 Definition of Key Concepts

1. Abandonment

According to https://dictionary.cabridge.org restreect that ABANDONMENT is

the act of leaving someone or something or of ending or stopping something,
usually forever:

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary app. Says it is to leave a thing or

place, especially because it is impossible or dangerous to stay synonym
leave. abandon something Snow forced many drivers to abandon their
vehicles. He gave the order to abandon ship (= to leave the ship because it
was sinking) ...

In fact, abandonment is seen when Maphia and Hachelet were left in difrent
places because of Povrety by there belived mum Agnès; Maphia is left at
their neboughers whereas Hachelet is left at hospital, in this view
perspective Mam Agnes also was abandoned by her parents at the street this
is the main problem of abandonment in Princess Tyra movie.

2. Povrety

According to Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary; Povrety is:

a. The state of being extremely poor.

b. The state of being inferior in quality or insufficient in amount. In deed, in

this understudy movie, The family life situation of Maphia pushes her to work
at royal palace in the kingdom of lubo at princess Tyra's as her servant,
unlikly since there was no sufficient money that why her mother in low died
because of povrety, this is the main consequency of povrety in this princess
tyra movie.

Related littérature
King L., (1605), stands for Abandonment and povrety between the old King of
Britain and his three favorite daughters. The old king, pretends that though
his old age his Care should be asured by his three daughters : Goneril, Regan
and Cordelia seeing his old age and the tiring years of his administration
within government. Infact, Years after division of his land to his daughters,
they started mistreating him nothing to eat bagging here and there because
of povrety whereby he is swimming in side, no one among his daughters
could think of helping him and finally abandon him. thereafter Regan's
husband died, she immediately declared her intention to marry Gloucester
(who should now manage her fortune) that marriage raised the jealousy of
her sister GONERIL who, sadly poised her, after her death GONERIL is jailed
finally killed herself. When the king got information about his daughter’s
death he was traumatised including povrety life and immediately got a care
crazed brain, soon died after his daughters.

This novel is linked with the present work, as far as Abandonment and
povrety are concerned. In King Lear, the old king of Britain was victim of
Abandonment presented in story by his daughters and in the princess Tyra it
presented by Mam Agnes when she abandon her children ( Maphia and
Hachelet) and also when she was abandoned by her ristrecte family because
of povrety of her family and the death of her father. The similarity is clear
from bothworks of art, in Princess tyra after beeing abandoned and
traumatised Mum anges died, in the same way in king Lear also the king of
Britain died after beeing abandoned by his lovely daughters and the
dissilarity is seeing from both movies; in Princess tyra there was no lands
division as Key cause of Abandonment like in king of learn

Chinua A. In his novel " No longer at Easy" ( 1960) tells the story of Obi
Okonkwo, an intelligent Nigeria boy. He gets a scholarship to go to study in
England. Coming back from England to Nigeria after ending his studies, Obi
falls in love relationship with Clara and would like to marry her, unfortunately
his parents refuses that marrige because Clara is an Osu and it is forbiden to
an Osu to be in marriage with an Ibo people since their custom had existed.
That way the two lovers decide to do abortion probably when Clara left
Lagos. Hence, Umofia community grants Obi a scholarship for his studies as
sign of unity but at turn Obi is proud with his intellectualism and wants to
neglect his custom by marrying an Osu who was considered like a leprosy in
the mind of his people. Finaly, Obi loses Clara , his mother dies and he is
fires from job, he starts an difficult life lack of nacessary things for survival,
povrety has covered his life totaly and abandoned by Umofia community in
jail.

This story links with the present work in the way that when Maphia had given
the information to the mather of prince Key , it was not well receaved by
prince key's Mather because Mephia is from a poor family and it is shamefull
for lubo kingdome while the two kingdomes ( lubo and wasau,) were in
wedding preparation ceremony of their children ( princess Tyra and prince
Key) , that why she spent night out side of prince key's fence and later starts
bagging in town to look for the help, equally Obi, because of his intellectual
proudness is chaced from the job and jailed. This is a kind of coherence
found in these two understudy Books.

Jane E. in his novel " Abandonment " ( 1847 )Tells the story of a young girl
named Jane who is abandoned by her parents' death from typhus.She goes
to live with her aunt and uncle Reed and their children, but only her uncle
values her, and he dies next.Her aunt Reed then sends her away to Lowood,
a girls' school with a brutal headmaster who keeps the students in cold,
harsh conditions. There Jane makes a friend, her first real friend, a slightly
older girl named Helen. Helen is kind to Jane and Jane loves her. Then Helen
dies from consumption.After Jane spends a few years at Lowood as both
student and teacher, she finds work as a governess to a little girl named
Adele, who lives at Thornfield Hall, where she is said to have been taken in
by the master (Mr. Rochester) after being abandoned by her own
mother.After falling in love with Rochester and agreeing to marry him, she
discovers that he has a wife still living, a madwoman who lives in the attic of
Thornfield Hall, and when he importunes Jane to move with him to France
and live as husband and wife without benefit of legal matrimony, her
principles will not allow her to do so, and she in turn abandons Rochester,
running away in the middle of the night.She doesn't get very far and almost
dies but is taken in by a family named Rivers, two sisters (Diana and Mary)
and a brother (St. John), and eventually takes on the responsibility of running
a village school. She gives them a false name because she fears being
discovered by Rochester, but St. John discovers her real name and that she is
their cousin. She comes into an inheritance and shares it with all the
Riverses equally, but rejects St. John's proposal that she marry him and go to
India with him as a missionary's wife. She thinks she can hear Rochester
calling to her so she abandons the Rivers family and returns to Thornfield,
which is only a shell after being burnt by Rochester's mad wife, who died by
jumping from the roof during the blaze. There she finds Rochester, blinded
and missing a hand from the fire, but now eligible, and here the
abandonment ends. She marries him, stays loyally with him, and is rewarded
by his recovering enough of his eyesight to see their firstborn son.

This story has inlight us the life carrier of Jane since her childhood how she
got diferent ways of beeing abandoned by freinds even the death of her
parents and it links to the present study by the fact that Mam Agnes when
she was disillusioned by her parents death too, was abandoned by her family
and sufered till dieing. But differs to the story of Jane to the way that Jane did
not die.

Katuliba, P., (1982) in his Agony in her Voice relates the story of a young
girl of seventeen years old named Paulina kainda; who was in love
relationship atmosphere with a boy called Mbatau, within her parents view,
as far as love realities are concerned, Kainda is pregnant by Mbatau. Kainda
is chased from theirs, study is stopped. Seeing precarious situation, Mbatau
disappeared unaddressed. Then kainda's parents decide to abandon her; life
has become to difficult to her, no where of living, nothing to eat she smelled
all pain of beeing called a human, finaly decides to come back home and ask
for the pardon and restart a new life styl.

This story links to this one by the fact that Mbatau was closed to Kainda just
during happiness period and when she has got pregnancy Mbatahu was
unable to express his affection toward Kahinda and finaly abandon her in a
painful atmospher ( great povrety). While in Princess Tyra movie Maphia is
abandoned not by prince Key but by the mother of prince Key , while he was
studying in Europea.

The dissimilarity of these two works is openly seen, after the sudden departure of
Mbatau Kainda surported until coming back home to ask pardon of her parents, whereas
after the abandonnent of Maphia and Hachelet, Mum Agnes died under a great anxiety.

BINWELL SINYANGWE (2001) in his novel “Cowrie of hope" present

poverty as one of the serious concerns of the time but with hope the people
believe in better things to come their way. He portrays the strange illnesses
of the flesh; the yields are very miserable and many must rely on borrowing
to survive. Life is very expensive; roads are few and accidents are a daily
occurrence. The novel is centred around Nasula and her daughter, Sula. The
adversities of poverty and family disintegration have taken their toll on their
lives. The power to move and the hope to achieve is all they dream about to
give them the optimism amidst trials. The challenges notwithstanding, the
only cowrie for Nasula rises to attain her wish of a bright, glittering, sparkling
and educated daughter.
In brief the above shows us that the poverty trains any woman kind to hope
for a better future, he thinks that poverty is a way that brings to a better life.
The present work links to the present work in the way that

2.3. Theories

According to www.libguides.usc.edu (retrieved on July 29th, 2022) theories

are formulated to explain, predict, and understand phenomena and in many
cases, to challenge and extend existing knowledge within limits of critical
bounding assumptions. The theoretical framework is the structure that can
hold or support a theory of a research study. It introduces and describes the
theory that explains why the research problem understudy exists.

2.3.1. Sociological Approach

It is one of the approaches that helped the reader to understand the society
in which the central characters are situated.

In Http://www.oxfordbooks.com Kratochwil says that the main difference

between sociological and other approaches consists of how to treat facts
whether they can be treated like natural ones or not.

This is seen in the movie Princess Tyra whereby Abandonment is a part of

problematic situation found in this movie especialy in African society, that why this
socialogical approach heps to deeper analyses of characters avirroment socity.

2.3.2 Psychological Approach

Www.simplypsychology.org. States that psychological approach involves

certain assumption beliefs about human behavior; that is the way they
faction in a research, and which aspects of them are important to be studied
and what research method are appropriated for undertaking this study. It is
the study of human behavior, feelings and emotion toward an event
developed in an environment.

It is seen through this film when Mam Agnès was traumatised because she was
traumatised by the fact that she was frutless, After giving birth to Maphia and Hachelet she
abandoned them, at their side also they were traumatised seeing they don't know theire
parent, so throught this psychological approach the researcher will evestigat for better analyses
of this approach step.

CHAPTER TWO: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2.1. Introduction

According to http://www.ligguides.wits.ac.za, (retrieved on July 28th, 2022 at

11:20 AM) saying that the search methodology is the specific procedures or
techniques used to identify or select process and analyze information about
a topic.

According to www.intechopen.com (retrieved on July 28th, 2022), research

methodology is the path through which researchers need to conduct their
research. It shows the path through which these researchers formulate their
problem and objective to present their result from the data obtained during
the study. Indeed, under this chapter, the important is to in light the
methods used for collecting and analyzing data and how they have
functioned, which techniques and literary approach have i used. Sought

2.2 Research Design

According to https://wiki .qualitative property (retrieved on 17th July, 2022)

stage that, the research design is the structure of any work gives direction
and systematizes the research and in all with specific advantages and
disadvantages. The present work is presented as qualitative research design
since the method is used extensively by scientists and researchers studying
human behavior, opinion, themes, motivations, features, attributes and
characteristics of phenomena that can be interpreted thematically. Research
design is the selection of methods and procedures used in collecting and
analyzing measure of the variables specified in the research problem.

2.3 Data Collection Techniques

Https://en.m.wekipedia.org/data-collection (retrieved on 17thmars, 2021).

States that data collection is the process of gathering and measuring
information on targeted variables in an established system, which enables
one to answer relevant questions and evaluated outcome.

Data collection is a component of research in all fields of study including

physical and social science, humanities and business while methods vary by
descriptive, the emphasis an answering accurate and honest collection
remain the same. The goal for all data collection is to capture. The present
work data collection is based on watching the film “The Princesse Tyra" and
observing different actions performed by characters taking account the two
themes; which are Abandonment and povrety as the main problem in this literary
work.

2.3.1 Browsing Technique

Oxford Advanced Leaner's Dictionary: Defines the word browsing as to look

for information on computer and especially on the internet.

Besides, https://www Britanica.com (Retrieved on 25th July, 2022 at 3:17pm)

starts that the browsing technique is a quick examination of relevance of
number of objects may or not lead to a closer examination or acquisition of
these objects. The browsing technique enables the researcher retrieve
necessary information from internet. It also allows the researcher to check
addition information related to the topic. However, this technique leaded the
researcher to pick out data related to Abandonment and Povrety found in the
film The princesse Tyra in order to guide this work of art.

2.3.2 Skimming and Scanning Technique

Www.butte.edu (Retrieved on Tuesday, July 25th, 2022 at 7:12 am)

Skimming and Scanning are reading techniques that use rapid eye
movement and keywords to move quickly through text for slightly different
purposes. Skimming is reading rapidly in order to get a general overview on
a material scanning is to read in order to find a specific fact.

Skimming and Scanning always function together in reading a book or piece

of writing. This technique help me to read rapidly some documents related to
this work especially at the level of review of literature and personally it’s
allow me to get flexibility in reading of Books.

2.3.3 Library Technique

The library technique is known as the approach based on written materials

such as Books, lecture notes, articles, etc.

Martinez (2016) says that library science or librarianship is the systematic

body of knowledge related to the book and library including diverse aspects
deals with books as autonomous entitles, but also those related to the entity
of which they are a part.

This technique contributed to the present research by gathering specific data

toward reading different previous works in different libraries in the Teaching
Training College.

2.3.4 Close Reading Technique

Close Reading Technique is a strategy whereby a reader is reading several

time a brief passage of a text in order to improve his compression or
understanding. According to Douglas and Nancy Frey (2008), the primary
objective of Close reading is to afford readers with the opportunity to
assimilate new textual information with their existing background knowledge
and prior experiences to expand their schema.

Close Reading Technique helped the researcher to understand deeply the

sense or meaning of the message conveyed by actors in the film The Princess
Tyra

2.3.5 Description Technique

https://www.readingrockets.org[retrieved on 17th July, 2022 at 1:10pm] state

that the primary purpose of descriptive writing is to describe a person, place
or thing in such a way that a picture is formed in the reader’s mind.
Capturing an event through descriptive writing involves paying attention to
the details by using all your five senses.

Description technique was helpful in this thematic study, in the way that it
insights the researcher to describe characters through their treats, having
some evidences coming from events performed in film.

2.3.6 Thematic Network Technique

http://bbamantra.com/reseach-methodology [retrieved on 26thMay, 2021]

defines thematic network technique as the selection of different themes as
the main one. This technique enables the researcher to select themes and
develop them in the light of the work; to gather different themes found in the
work and select those which might be the main one into consideration.
However, this thematic network technique is the illustrations that summarize
the main themes constituting a piece of work. The method is adopted to gain
insight into underlying the opinion of the researcher from his or her work.
Therefore, the analysis of the different themes which are taken to be
examined significantly from a literary work enables the readers to
understand the work, or a process of deriving themes from data and
illustrating these themes in well-established content of network; the main
themes are drawn and explained in the light of the work. The two themes
Abandonment and Povrety were taken to analyze and understand the work
through different characters that faced Abandonment and Povrety from their
respective places.

2.4. Data Analysis Technique

https://en.m.wekipedia.org/wiki/data-analysis/(retrieved on 26th May 2021)

states that, data analysis is the process of inspecting, clearing, transforming
and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information informing
conclusions and supporting decision making. Data analysis has multiple
facets and approaches encompassing diverse under a variety of names, and
is used in different domain; in business science, in social, in political etc.
However data analysis involved a looking at a text as it is and what literary
strategies it entailed; there was an emphasis on analyzing the style of a
piece of words used and the way in which the researcher delivered the
message; it was used to deepen into the literal text and better understand
what is being said and what researcher was trying to defend or present to
the readers.

This technique helps the researcher to watch the movieThe Princess Tyra several
time and analyzing each characters mind, actions, feelings, etc. toward
Abandonment and Povrety found perform by characters in the film

2.5. Sociological Approach

Senior Lecture MALOBI PATO Emanuel in his course of Anglo American

literature II (2021) says that sociological approach to literature is used in two
ways: first, sociological approach is to analyze and explain characters from
sociological frame of reference; the emphasis in such an analysis is on the
sociological background of the character his social class, income level,
religious training, race, and tribe. In sociological context and with reference
to mores, and expectations of the society he lives in. he continued explaining
that, the sociological approach is used to understand and explain an earlier
society through its literature. Therefore, sociological approach tackles
literature in different aspects of life, such as : cultural, economic,
mundialization and in other aspects related to human activities and it gives a
link between characters and the society in which they are found through the
analyses of literary work.

According to Anglophone literature sociological approach cannot be

produced if there is no society which produces it even if the character lives
outside his society there is family back ground, education and the ideas of
the period of the event that the character faced. This approach enabled the
researcher going through different actions performed by different actors in
the film The Princess Tyra to analyze some treats of actors to guide the present
research paper.

3.5 Psychological Aapproach

Psychological approach focused on theories that changed character’s

behavior toward an event that she or he facing. This approach focuses either
on the behavior and psychological makeup of characters in literature or in
behavior and psychological makeup of the event as it is revealed though the
work of the researcher.

Psychological approach enables the researcher focusing on her or his

research on psychological forces by underlying behavior, feelings, and
emotions of the characters and how these forces influence the mind of
character. Pschologycal approach has help the researcher to better understand the mind
behavior of characters; as a tipical illustration is seen when Mam Agnès met her two daughters
and start relating them how she abandoned them in different places and circonstances that
story traumatised both girls as well as the doctor and aloso the saden story teller.

CHAPTER THREE: ANALYSES OF THE PRINCESS TYRA

4.0 INTRODUCTION

A literary analysis is an opnion-based type of essay that makes a point about

a work of literature –usually a poem or short story, though longer works and
nonfiction can be used too. Typically, a lterary analysis makes a point about
a literary work, then supports that point by discussing the work’s literature
elements (e.g. irony, symbolism, and pont of view), main themes, and
implied ideas that are not necessarly apparent within the literature itself.

Indeed, this analysis of the Princess Tyra focuses much on the setting of the
movie, description of Actors, story. It presents also literary conflicts, tone
and mood to make this scientific work more understandable and the analysis
of some themes will be helpful to reveal different subject treated in the
movie understudy. Finally, a partial conclusion will make end of this chapter.

3.1. Setting

When we read a story or watch a movie, we usually focus our attention on

the characters and the plot. But we should also pay attention to a third
important element of storytelling: the setting. A setting is the time and place
in which a story is told.All stories have settings—even this one The Princess
Tyra. The setting of this video is a weird blank void, and you may not think
that it influences the way that you understand this video’s content. But you
can probably agree that you’d interpret the lesson differently if the setting
were, say. In the same perspective,

According to www.literarydevices.com (retrieved on 20th July 2024), the

setting of a piece of literature is the time and place in which the story takes
place. It can also include social statuses, weather, and details about the
immediate surroundings. Settings can real or fictional, or a combination of
both real and fictional elements. For the present study, the setting includes
the spatial setting (place) and the temporal setting (time).

Spatial Setting

The events in the movie The Princess Tyra take place in Africa, precisely in
Nigeria where the wedding between Prince Kay and princess Tyra is turning
wrong because of the hidden relationship between Prince Kay and servant
Mefia. As result princess Tyra is disillusioned, she is unable to believe that
fact:

I could not imagine being ridiculous because of love in

this kingdom of Lubo; the one that our parents offered
to me but today has ashamed me by impregnating my
servant, even the custom cannot agree with that. (Van
Vicker: 2007)

Futhermore servant Mafia can't work at royal palace because of

Prince kay's pregnancy, she is chanced from her respective home
since her mother died, no where to live. As some one Can read in
the line bellow :

What have i done on this men's earth so that i deserve all cathegory
of Bad Luck; i 've been abandoned by my mother, my mother in low
died , the one impregnanted me go away finally what Can i do??

Temporal Setting
Princess Tyra is a film directed by Joseph van Vicker at 2007. The film receaved 12 dominations
and won 2 awards at 2008 Africa movie Academy awards , including the wards for best costume
and best mekeup; The film seems to be a flach back; Indeed, the story has started by the
abandonment of Mafia and hashley by their Mather Agnes because of povrety and end by the
death of Anges since she was tromatized . The major events in the movie Princess
Tyra took place in 2007. period wherein many African countries are invaded
by acculturation. Nevertheless, there existed and still exist some customs
wherein people maintain their traditional way of leaving such as taking care
of royal family members, not marrying the one that is out of your social
status, it is illustrated in The princess Tyra when some servants are
amenable to serve the Lubo kingdom.

According to Lubo traditional custom, a prince is considered as a king of the

kingdom whereby every morning servants were called to wash the king or
prince’s feet.

3.3. Plot

In the movie The Princess Tyra, the playwriter Joseph Van Vicker tells the love
story of two lovers of two different kingdoms namely Lubo kingdom and Wasau
kingdom. The story start with queen’s elogy to the Lubo kingdom intending to
value the bride and groom. Moreover, the begging of the story such as is
presented through a flashback, a girl named Agnes, rejected from her family After
the death of her lovely parents because of the Poverty and was forced to live in the streets
with other concubines in order to survive. By the way she is going get pregnancy
and gives birth to the twins named Mafia and hashley; but their father is unknown
since the mother Agnes had sexual intercourse with many men when being a
prostitute in the streets.

Therefore, since life was difficult ( luck of money) and as she could not take care of
these children she decided to abandon them in different areas; Mafia was left at
their neighbors in a poor family where there was no possibility to school her and
fulfill others desires. Finally, she became princess Tyra’s servant in royal palace
in Lubo Kingdom. On the other side, Hashley is left at hospital where she is going
to be taken by a rich family that will give her whatever she desires and was sent
to pursue her study in Europe. The twins, Mafia and Hashley do not know each
other.

Thereafter, two kingdoms decided to arrange the wedding of their children

namely Prince Kay from Wasau Kingdom and Princess Tyra from Lubo Kingdom;
it is seen that Prince Kay was not fully attracted by princess Tyra since they
were swimming under their respective customs. As one Can read in the passage bellow:

Prince kay: I don't appreciate this way of throwing flowers on my feet

when I pass, of washing my feet every morning and futhermore the way you
embrace culture while we are in the 21st century. ( Van vicker: 2007)

So, this fact lead Prince Kay to fall in love with princess Tyra’s peasant servant
named Mafia, their love grew at the level that he was obliged to visit her every
day when needed and as consequence he impregnated her, that situation happened
when Mafia's Mather in low died because of Poverty ( luck of money) she tried to borraw the
medecine here and there unsuccesful. As said in this passage bellow:

Mafia: Ogadi, Ogadi please my mom had a seizure, she risks dying, give me the medicine. OGadi:
it's when your mom wants to die that you're going to get my 1500fc that you have, how long has
it been since you refused to pay me?

Mafia: We haven't been paid yet, can you ask the other servants, please help me, ogadie, my
mother may die.

OGadi: if I understand you correctly, do you want me to go and explain to my supplier in town
that my customers have not yet paid me if he could give me the medicine?

Mafia: my mom is going to die, how can you not understand that? OGadi!!! .

OGadi: Let your mother die, no money, no medicine.

Mafia: Please you can't do that she's going to die OGadi, Ogadi, OGadi!!! ( Van vicker: 2007)
 One week after the prince kay is sent to pursue his study in Europe and after
that Mefia will discover that she is pregnant and then she was obliged to report
the news to royal palace of wasau kingdom. Unlikely, mother of the prince did
not agree with that news that intends to expose the family negatively to other
surroundings so she tried to corrupt servant Mafia in order to keep it secret.As said
here:

Poor girl, I hope I already refused to trample your feet in my palace so as you don't understand
take this money to take care of you and your so-called child I never want to see you here in my
palace again and also to speak of the name of my kingdom with your diabolical plan since it is
impossible to listen to a poor servant having a pregnancy with a prince that is an abomination,
leave here and go I never want to see you again in front of my view ( van vicker : 2007)

Thereafter, the mother urgently called the prince Kay to investigate if really he
is the responsible of Mefia’s pregnancy. Prince Kay agreed with his mother, the
mother complaining on phone with Prince Kay saying:

“… Kay there is a young girl, one of Tyra’s servant, who came

to see me and she told me that she was impregnted by you.
Is it true?

… You cannot tell it to me now Kay; you could not do it with a

poor girl coming from nowhere; it is unfair Kay, Kay, Kay”
(Van Vicker: 2007)

After having agreed with the mother on the responsibility of the pregnancy, he
interrupted the studies for looking Mafia in order to ponder more about that
pregnancy, coming back to llubo kingdom, his priority was to look for mafia and prepare the
wedding ceremony, regrettably Mafia is not arround but he has found a lady named Hashley in
strong resemblance to Mafia and fals in love with that lady and that lady( Hashley) is the sister of
Mafia, one can read in this paragraph:
Prince Key: Mafia, Mafia!! I've been looking for you for seven months already, I'm really sorry for
everything that happened.

Hashley: I don't understand anything who are you?

Prince Key: I know that you are angry with me so much that you don't want to see me, but forgive
me, allow me to explain

Hashley: I don't understand you anymore I never knew you before and if you want to know me;
I'm Hashley Johnson.

Prince kay : Aren't you Mafia? Don't you come from the kingdom of lubo?

Hashley: no i don't

Prince Key: you really look like mafia which was in the kingdom of lubo. ( Van vicker :2007)

days after Hashley is also inpregnanted by the same prince Key, that situation excited much
princess Tyra, according to her views prince Key wanted just to diminish lubo kingdom by acting so,
she decided to kill Hashley that she thought is mafia since they resambles to each one. Therefor,
princess Tyra agreed with the gunman to kill Hashley fortunately they did not succeed in killing her
but by breaking her leg; while Hashley is in hospital Mafia also is in the same hospital it is there that
the doctor discovered that Hashley and mafia are sisters since there back historicals realities are the
same; futhermore the wife of the same doctor is discoved to be the Mather of these twince ( Mafia
and Hashley) and she is suffring from blood cancer since some years, so before diying she has asked
for the pardon to both girls for abandoned them in sorroful way because of Poverty as she reacted
in bellow passage:
4.4 Description of Actors

According to www.wikipedia.org (Retrieved on July 27th, 2022); an actor is a

person who portrays a character in a performance such as theatre or in
modern media such as film, radio and television.

Main Actors

Princess Tyra: She is the protagonist in this film and she is the daughter
of the king of lubo, fiancé of Prince Kay from wasahu kingdom, she
is brown lady and tall. She is a caring girl, she cares much about her love
affair with her. Princess Tyra is jealous when she tries to quarrel Mefia
because of her hidden relationship with Kay. Her care is seen in this passage:

It is not bad I mean when I come to visit my future husband. Our parent want
us to get married; it is difficult to go out of this reality, don’t prevent me with
the prescious wife’s proudness, do not think that there is another peace that
you are waiting from somewhere unless you share this precious love
moment with the queen of your heart who I am. ( Van vicker :2007)

one can understand by this extract that princess Tyra really loves Prince key
in great dimension and she does not like to see him with another girl apart
of her that why conclude by seeing she is jalousie of prince keys love

She seems to be faithful to her tradition; this treat of character is visible to

princess Tyra since she is in Lubo kingdom whereby custom is respected by
all people, though her fiancé prince kay never minds about it but she was
obliging him to understand that ancestors have still power on their kingdom
and no one is supposed to go away of lubo customs as seen in this line:

“It is in this way that the kings are treated in Lubo kingdom so you enjoy it
and stop complaining” ( Van Vicker:2007)

Prince Kay

He is a generous, sympatyzer and unfaithful to his tradition. He does not

care about cultural norms since he pursued his studies in western countries,
he expresses this thought by saying: “I say and I will say it again several
times that I do not want these ceremonies that your servants do through our
outing”.

He denies the fact of being treated like a prince, he shows his kindness when
he refuses servants to bother when bringing him some items. His modesty
makes him live as any woman being. He left his kingdom for long and when
he comes back for the culturaly arranged wedding, he seems to be a
stranger in his own kingdom

Kay: what can I do for you?

Servant Mafia: I came to fulfill my duty, your majesty.

Kay: what duty?

Servant Mafia: my duty as required by the tradition is to take care of you by

washing your feet

Kay: my feet? And for what?

Servant Mafia: this is what is required by tradition it asks me to take care of

yourself, especially by washing your feet each morning.

Kay: in the 21st century, do people still practice the cultural norms?

Mafia : I am sorry your majesty, I am here so that i can fulfill my duty.

Kay: mhmh all right. Do your duty. ( Van vicker :2007)

The servant Mafia

She is short but with her big and lightening eyes. She is black, but with a skin
that can pierce men’s heart. She smiles like a princess but she is poor
servant of a princess. She is careful about her relatives, and often kind and
obedient, she tries to be taciturn when she confronts any challenges. Some
of her traits are seen in the lines below:

Joyce: please Mafia, can you a moment for the prince Kay, he is here with
me.

Servant Mafia: I am sorry but my mother is in agony, she needs drugs but I
don’t have money. The pharmacist refused to give it to me in debt.

Joyce: I understand it, but come and greet him, he has just come for you.

Servant Mafia: (coming towards Prince Kay). I am sorry your majesty I did not
know whether you could come up to my home. I am sorry but if you need
anything let me know.

Prince Kay: don’t mention it. I can see that you are not okay. What’s going
on, Joyce told me about your mother, take this amount of money and buy
whatever can make her feel okay. (Van vicker :2007)

This conversation is meaningful since it illustrates how the prince Kay and
servant were both destined to live in a fruitful relationship. It foreshadow
what their relationship will result to.

Minor characters

Agnes: she is thin, brown-skin. The mother of Mafia and Ashley that she
abandoned because of her bad living condition. She is rude, hypocrite and
severe as expressed in the lines that follows:
I will make you know who I am. I cannot accept you to destroy what I have
built for a long time ago. You do not know who I am and where I come from,
keep aloof from me, poor stupid. If I come back from my room without
arranging this living room, you will regret the day your mother gave birth to
you.

Ogadi: he is tall , thin . He is pharmacist in lubo community; he looks to be pityless, heartless, he

is careless to the problem concerning others; this treets is Seen throught this character mainly
the day Mafia borrawed the medecin while her mother was under lang depression situation but
Ogadi shaws his unhepfulness toward this familly and finaly Mafia's Mather died because of
Poverty due to non medcine assistance. As said in the lines bellow:

Mafia: Ogadi, Ogadi please my mom had a seizure, she risks dying, give me the medicine. OGadi:
it's when your mom wants to die that you're going to get my 1500fc that you have, how long has
it been since you refused to pay me?

Mafia: We haven't been paid yet, can you ask the other servants, please help me, ogadie, my
mother may die.

OGadi: if I understand you correctly, do you want me to go and explain to my supplier in town
that my customers have not yet paid me if he could give me the medicine?

Mafia: my mom is going to die, how can you not understand that? OGadi!!! .

OGadi: Let your mother die, no money, no medicine.

Mafia: Please you can't do that she's going to die OGadi, Ogadi, OGadi!!! (Van vicker :2007)

The Queen, she is short with brown-skin always wearing queen's dress as recomanded by
wasau kingdom. She is the mather of Prince Key , widow she is since her hursband died ( the
king of wasau kingdom ; father of Prince Key). The queen seems to be an arrogant wife,
Corruptive, dictator; in fact, these treets is visible to this actor seeing the way she acts in her
differents playing role. Sach as when Prince kay wanted to marry , he was obliged by her
mother to marry a wife from lubo kingdom ( princess TYRA) whereas it was not in his need and
this way of acting improve the highest dictatorchip behavior of the queen, since it doesn't
please prince key he decides to disillous princess tyra by inpragnant the poor servant of
princesse tyra named Mafia. As said in this passage:

Queen: I think I told you clearly yesterday, put your feet back into this plot that is wrong with
you, poor evil servant.

Mafia: please ma'am I have nowhere to go. Queen: And think this concerns me? How much
do you want me to pay you to finally disappear from my sight? Mafia: I don't understand you
ma'am.

Queen: How much did people pay you to pull this stunt on my son? for you to come and harm
my family?

Mafia: no one pays me for that ma'am.

Queen: I see, listen, leave my palace, forget your evil plan and never try to set your feet here
again, otherwise you will find yourself in a ravine. take this money and leave here and never
dare say your stupidity to anyone else except to ridicule the royal family, get out of my life,
you angry female dog girl. (Van vicker :2007)

Hashley jonhson. She short with big eyes always atractive, having a long wig like white woman;
she is the field glass of mafia that was abadoned by her Mather Agnes because of Poverty in the
hospital. She is

4.5 implied Themes

Speaking about the theme, it can be identified through the writer keeps
bringing it up in one way or another so that the reader can recognize it.
Apart of the theme of abandonment and poverty which consist the basic
study of this work and to which the whole chapter is reserved, I am going to
analyze some other themes which have been applied in the film understudy
and must be taken to account to understand the whole film.
4.5.1 Love

www.Merriam-Webster.com, ( 2008:199), define " love affair" as strong

affection for other that in cloud sexual desire, the strong affection felt by
people who have a Romantic relationship. Love affair is seen in this film
lightly when Prince Kay was managing two girl friends in love relationship. He
conforms his love with Mafia by this passage bellow: “Mafia, don’t be
threatened by me, don’t call me his majesty but call honey Kay”.

4.5.2 Disappointment

Conferring to https://www.litcharts.com (Retrieved on 21st of August, 2022);

Disappointment is a sadness or displeasure caused by the non- fulfilment of
one's hopes.

Disappointment is developed in the work understudy in the way that princess

Tyra is disappointed especialy when servant Mafia is impregnated by Prince
Kay who was called to marry princess Tyra. As one can read in the lines
below:

Mafia, you have been near me since long, I did not think of that you have
done to me today, you have broken my heart by envying my husband and
today you have brought him away from me.

4.5.4 Misunderstanding

www.yourdictionary.com define misunderstanding as a feeling of

disagreement, when two people or more do not share the same opinion. This
is visible in this movie when Prince Kay was frequenting servant Mafia, this
issue made princess Tyra get into conflict with her own servant when she
heard that her fiancé has impregnated her peasant servant, so this matter
created a misunderstanding between her with both prince Kay and servant
Mafia.

4.5.6 Unfaithfulness
www.yourdictionary.com, Define unfaithfulness as the characteristic of
someone who is disloyal or does not respect his oath. This theme is seen
when princess Kay having sexual relation with servant Mafia, and princess
Tyra, the known lover of Prince kay, did not believe her eyes if realy it is Kay
who has got another girlfriend apart of her. “Please Prince Kay, let me finish
what I’ve started with you, I promise you that our love is destined to a
marvelous wedding,» Despite this piece of advice the prince Kay
impregnated poor servant Mafia.

Chapter four: ABANDONMENT AND POVERTY IN “Princess Tyra” J.

Van Vicker

This chapter focuses on the theme of Abandonment and Poverty in the

Princess Tyra. In this last chapter, the researcher is going to underlined and
highlight these two themes as it was said in chapter one, the questions
raised in, will guide the work, then the answers to these questions are the
parts of this chapter. This one will demonstrate the main causes and
consequences of Abandonment and Poverty as performed by different Actors
in this film and its consequences. Mainly some recommendation will be given
to show readers how these two themes can affect negatively social life of
people.

4.1 DISCUSSION

4.1.1 Poverty in Princess Tyra

4.1.1.1. Mafia and Poverty

BINWELL SINYANGWE (2001) in his novel “Cowrie of hope" present

poverty as one of the serious concerns of the time but with hope the people
believe in better things to come their way. He portrays the strange illnesses
of the flesh; the yields are very miserable and many must rely on borrowing
to survive. Life is very expensive; roads are few and accidents are a daily
occurrence. The novel is centred around Nasula and her daughter, Sula. The
adversities of poverty and family disintegration have taken their toll on their
lives. The power to move and the hope to achieve is all they dream about to
give them the optimism amidst trials. The challenges notwithstanding, the
only cowrie for Nasula rises to attain her wish of a bright, glittering, sparkling
and educated daughter.

In brief the above shows us that the poverty trains any woman kind to hope
for q better future, he thinks that poverty is a way that brings to a better life.

As far as the work understudy is concerned, Mafia is from a poor family. she
lives with her neighbor that she consider like her own mother seeing the bad
life conditions of her family and due to the poor health condition of her
mother she started working as a labor in the royal palace. Despite the valued
place of her work, she could not provide assistance to all her surroundings.
That is observed when the film present her mother in low in agony. Another
case of poverty is seen when she went in Accra to look for Prince Kay who
impregnated her, there was no place to live there since Prince Kay’s mother
did not recognize this pregnancy due to the fact that she was from a poor
family.

According to https://www.toppr.com/guides/essays/poverty-
essay/5.1.1.2

We can define poverty as the condition where the basic needs of a family,
like food, shelter, clothing, and education are not fulfilled. It can lead to other
problems like poor literacy, unemployment, malnutrition, etc. A poor person
is not able to get education due to lack of money and therefore remains
unemployed. An unemployed person is not able to buy enough & nutritious
food for his family and their health decline. A weak person lacks the energy
required for the job. A jobless person remains poor only. Thus we can say
that poverty is the root cause of other problems.

The view above links thoroughly our work when it states that the poverty can
lead to other problems like poor literacy, unemployment, malnutrition. It is
seen when Mafia’s step mother is agonizing due to lack of money. The sellers
refused to lend her money or give her drugs to cure her mother. And it is
seen that this poverty led her to work in the family of the Princess Tyra.

Agnes and poverty

According to https://oacas.libguides.com/c.php?g Poverty can

create considerable stress for families. As per the family stress model,
poverty can contribute to interparental conflict, which plays a key role in
family dynamics and can be a precursor to negative child outcomes.
Conflict can also arise between children and parents because of economic
pressures. For example, children may resent parents for having to work late
or not being able to provide small luxuries.

Anges passed through a crucial life, she undergone several crisis. She was
obliged to pass through many challenges such as to get separated with her
husband and it pushes her get pregnancy without identifying the owner.

Abandonment in Princess Tyra

Mafia and abandonment

Jane E. in his novel " Abandonment " ( 1847 )Tells the story of a young girl
named Jane who is abandoned by her parents' death from typhus.She goes
to live with her aunt and uncle Reed and their children, but only her uncle
values her, and he dies next.Her aunt Reed then sends her away to Lowood,
a girls' school with a brutal headmaster who keeps the students in cold,
harsh conditions. There Jane makes a friend, her first real friend, a slightly
older girl named Helen. Helen is kind to Jane and Jane loves her. Then Helen
dies from consumption.After Jane spends a few years at Lowood as both
student and teacher, she finds work as a governess to a little girl named
Adele, who lives at Thornfield Hall, where she is said to have been taken in
by the master (Mr. Rochester) after being abandoned by her own
mother.After falling in love with Rochester and agreeing to marry him, she
discovers that he has a wife still living, a madwoman who lives in the attic of
Thornfield Hall, and when he importunes Jane to move with him to France
and live as husband and wife without benefit of legal matrimony, her
principles will not allow her to do so, and she in turn abandons Rochester,
running away in the middle of the night.She doesn't get very far and almost
dies but is taken in by a family named Rivers, two sisters (Diana and Mary)
and a brother (St. John), and eventually takes on the responsibility of running
a village school. She gives them a false name because she fears being
discovered by Rochester, but St. John discovers her real name and that she is
their cousin. She comes into an inheritance and shares it with all the
Riverses equally, but rejects St. John's proposal that she marry him and go to
India with him as a missionary's wife. She thinks she can hear Rochester
calling to her so she abandons the Rivers family and returns to Thornfield,
which is only a shell after being burnt by Rochester's mad wife, who died by
jumping from the roof during the blaze. There she finds Rochester, blinded
and missing a hand from the fire, but now eligible, and here the
abandonment ends. She marries him, stays loyally with him, and is rewarded
by his recovering enough of his eyesight to see their firstborn son.

This story has inlight us the life carrier of Jane since her childhood how she
got diferent ways of beeing abandoned by freinds even the death of her
parents and was evened abandoned by her fiancé. This story has the similarity with the
present in the way Mafia is sharing hiden love relationship with Prince Kay After beeing
inpregnat Mafia start looking the help from her husband unlikly Prince kay was at Europe
studying, so the Prince kay's falilly has abandoned Mafia because of her poor conditions of life.
As one Can read in the passage bellow:

Katuliba, P., (1982) in his Agony in her Voice relates the story of a young
girl of seventeen years old named Paulina kainda; who was in love
relationship atmosphere with a boy called Mbatau, within her parents view,
as far as love realities are concerned, Kainda is pregnant by Mbatau. Kainda
is chased from theirs, study is stopped. Seeing precarious situation, Mbatau
disappeared unaddressed. Then kainda's parents decide to abandon her; life
has become to difficult to her, no where of living, nothing to eat she smelled
all pain of beeing called a human, finaly decides to come back home and ask
for the pardon and restart a new life styl.

Indeed, kahinda has a pure love towads Batau whereas Batau had an other view far from
kainda's expectation; that leads Batau to abandoned kainda. In the same perceptive Prince Key
though had Princess Tyra officialy like fiancé known by both kingdoms ( lubo and wasau) but
decided to disillousen Princess Tyra by inpregnanting Mefia the poor servant of Princess Tyra
and live her in disquietude. This is the way abandonment is afected this character.

Agnes and Abandonment

Ibrahim olukunga 2012 in his film intitaled the fifteenth of April tels the Romatic story existing
between Anita and Jack both lovers;;but jack seems to be closed to Anita because of the
wealthy that she had . A day Anita is desapointed by Jack's behavior when finding them having
sexual intercaurs with joceline her unkown reval; Jack decides to abadon Anita because of
Joceline. Leter Jack has discovered Joceline is moneyless , then killed her and soon because of
the dept that he had he was also killed . As one can read in the passage bellow:

"I have never loved a person in my life, since my heart is hard. I

assure you if I had pretended to love Anita it was because of her
money, and now because of you I’ve abadoned her with all her money.
You promise me money but you are unable to give me even five
thousand dollars better is to put you away of my existant because your presence
will confuse me." (Ibrahim olukunga: 2012).

This story tells by Ibrahim olukunga shows how Anita is victime of abandonment caused by Jack
and she is desapointed seeing what Jack has done, that story links to the present satudy in the
way that Agnes is also abandoned by her familly just After his parents death , she is looking for
the help but in vain ,unsuccesfuly she is inpragnates by unknown boy since sexe has become
her diely job, that is how Agnes is vistim of abandonment in this film.

uthoni likimani (1986) in “What does a Men want?” Describes the poor
social life of an African husband and his European wife. The two fell in love at
university in Europe and got ready to marry each other, though their parents
were against their idea. Since their love was already at high level, they
conclude their marriage. Coming back to Africa, the European wife was
desapointed by the African culture, seeing the way they live, brothers and sisters in
low could visit them any time. Others brought their children to be kept as
they wanted and the kind of food they used to give them did not please her
neither, according to her all these habits did not concord with her culture and that
is povrety, she considered hersef abandoned by her hursband by offered to her this négative
present. This story is similer to this work by the way that Agnes didn't expect the pragnancy of
twins anymore seeing her social condition life, and when her parents died she was tromatized
by life up to start a nother steet life, so these are the way abandonment is presented in this
film.
Agnès : what have i done so that i deserve all this hardship! God, why does my ancesters earth

5.2 Causes of Materialism in the fifteenth of April

5.2.1 Covetousness (envy)

It is the main cause of Materialism in the way that Jack would like to have
things which is not at his level, since he has realized Anita is full of money,
then he should create all kind of lies in order to get money from him. Jack is
agues through the passage bellow to Anita

"Anita, leave me crying, even if I tell you what makes me cry, maybe
you can't help me. Actually I have a case of a hundred and fifty million
dollars (150 000 000$), but the company's case requires me to have two
million dollars in my account, before it wires the money. While you know
I’m not strong financially lately. Where am I going to find the rest of
fifteen million dollars whereas I got only five million in my count?" (Jack,
The fifteenth of April: 2012)

When watching this film, our main intention bent on the fact that, actors are
looking for their own profit (materialism) than expressing each other a
sincere affection. This issue has created many problems in actors’ life.

5.2.2 Hypocrisy

Is seen to be an impact, which is caused Materialism. Anita who is not

anymore sharing the same heart affection to Nelson but is hided herself on
the word of love, while she is looking for her private profit toward Nelson, so,
the hypocrisy of Anita is visible at that level. The same way, Jack is not loving
Anita but he is living under a hypocrisy just because of keeping a good
relation to her, and get money from her, as reference of his specific
purpose.”... So, I want you to give me the money to start my business, if you
want me to consider you in the list of important people of my heart....”
(Ibrahim olukunga: 2012).

Though Nelson has given Anita money, but finally she disappointed him buy
loving Jack, that is to say, under hypocrisy that she was living, her objective
was to get money in reference of Materialism, so hypocrisy is one of the
causes of Materialism.

5.3 Consequences of Materialism

5.3.1 Misunderstanding

Is presented as one of the consequences of Materialism in this movie.

Especially when Anita has found she has already refueled her box with
Nelson's money, reason why she should pass all her day at Jack and finally
come night back at Nelson. That Anita's repetition of action created
misunderstanding between Anita and Jack. One day, Jack's fellows should
come and pay visit at his, and he asked Anita to welcome them by preparing
a delicious food. Suddenly, Anita was called by Jack and prepared this
delicious food to Jack instead of waiting visitors. That also created
misunderstanding between Nelson and Anita, Nelson and his fellows;
because Nelson has regulated his fellows to come straightly from the offices
at his, he has reserved to them a big party, while her wife did not prepare
anything to eat.

Nelson: I'm sorry to let you know that the lady didn't

cook

Fellow: what? Where do you want me to find something?

 to eat at this time? Nelson, don't dare that. You

can't make fun of us like that, that's disrespect,

you invited us to eat and drink, but now you tell us

that you haven't prepared anything, when you

have nothing in your fridge never invite people «. (Ibrahim

olukunga: 2012).

5.3.2 Murder: is presented as the consequence of Materialism in this film.

JACK has found incapacity of Jocelyne on financial plan; means Jocelyne did
not have money as Jack had expected from her that pushed Jack to kill her.

".... I assure you if I had pretended to love Anita it was because of her
money, and now because of you I 've lost her with all her money, it's
better that l kill you instead of your presence confusing me once
again when I see you." ((Ibrahim olukunga: 2012).

5.3.3 Unfaithfulness

Is developed in this film as one of consequences of materialism: Firstly,

when Anita was combined at the same time, Jack and Nelson during love
relationship. Secondly unfaithfulness is seen, when Jack is started loving
Jocelyne, while sharing love relationship with Anita. So, one day, Jack and
Jocelyne were coughed by Anita having sexual act. Anita is traumatized by
this issue and start quarrels to Jocelyne in this passage bellow.

«Anita: that dirty sheet has to leave this house because

this is my house, Jack

Jocelyne: Never can’t I do such thing unless I become a

made, since she has found me here, it is

from her to leave this house.

Jack: please Anita let me finish what I’ve started, in

six units I will finish, go out please. (Ibrahim olukunga: 2012).

5.3.4 Separation

Anita cannot accept to progress in relationship with Jack, because of the

behavior of unfaithfulness that she has realized from Jack, and that leads
them in separation.

«Jack what you have done toward me, I insured you, you will regret much in
your life» (Ibrahim olukunga: 2012).

5.3.5 Disillusionment

Is the main consequence of Materialism in this film, if Anita knew the

objective of Jack by being closed to her, she would not much give her
interest to him. Anita is disillusioned as Materialism consequence, when she
realized, Jack would like to profit from her money, once fulfil his goal of
getting money, and he disappointed her.

«Jack, I was given you my heart, I gave you my money, I shamed my

parents, I disappointed my husband, just because of you. Is it possible
that you are still disappointing me on this level? Please don't put me
to shame, Jack. (Ibrahim olukunga: 2012).

This love by profit dealt by acters in this film, has cost their lives in the
way that, Anita after getting money from Nelson, decided to come back at
Jack. Unlikely she will be disillusioned by Jack once she has found Jack with
another girlfriend, finally she died under a great anxiety

5.4 Findings
In fact, after having carried up investigation, we discovered that the author
has focused on both themes of Materialism and Disillusionment, mainly its
causes and consequences. The main causes of materialism discovered in the
move is covetousness and hypocrisy and as consequences of materialism,
the investigation through different techniques has shown misunderstanding,
unfaithfulness, disillusionment and murder as the result of materialism in this
film. In general, the researcher discovered that Materialism and
Disillusionment affect the main Actor's life, Anita who, after being refueled
by Nelson's wealth, was not any more sharing the same love affection
toward Nelson. She started frequenting Jack, and this issue has created
misunderstanding between Anita and Nelson at the level of their firewall, as
consequence of Materialism. When Anita has found Jack having sexual act
with Jocelyne, she was disillusioned as well as she disillusioned Nelson. And
Once, Jack realized impossibility of Jocelyne to help him financially, he
decided to kill her. Likely, the same situation is actually spread in many
societies, whereby love affection has become powerless, because of material
aspect coming from envy of people. They need to have possession which is
not at their level, and once, they spent their wealth and discover that the
partner has got his or her own view than what they understood. This leads
them in a great disillusionment even in murder.

5.5 Remedies of Materialism and Disillusionment

View that, materialism has created problem in “The Fifteenth of April”

whereby Actors should create malignity, hypocrisy and hide themselves on
the word of love in order to profit wealth from their partners. This issue
finally, leads them in a great anxiety such as disillusionment and finally in
murder. I sincerely suggest to avoid Materialism in our ordinary life because
it is an ephemeral happiness feeling and it leads in misunderstanding and
many trouble. Mainly, after succeeding the plan of profiting someone's
wealth, certainly we usually show the right position, because the result of
your attachment is achieved. As said Karl MARX (1844-1845) in
"FEUERBACH and the historical materialism" he condemned the
speculative philosophy of HEGEL by saying: The true materialism principal
dialectic is the relation of man with another man, but not the relation of man
with possession. This idea of Karl Marx, links to the present work at the level
of the relationship existing among Anita and Nelson, Jack and Anita in The
Fifteenth of April. Instead of expressing a reciprocal love relationship, they
are closed by profit of their wealth (money, car, job, and house) and it led
them in many problems as it was enumerated on previous chapters of this
work. In brief, let us be proud of our possession than to be complexed of
something that we do not have and finally to envy someone's wealth by
malignity, which is the sauce of many conflicts.

CONCLUSION

The present work is the fruit of the research on the themes of Materialism
and Disillusionment in The Fifteenth of April, realized by Ibrahim Olukunga
from Burkinafaso. The work is oriented in African literature. Since it is a film
produced by African Actors and from Africa continuant.

In fact, the work aims at general to present the causes and consequences of
Materialism and Disillusionment depicted in The Fifteenth of April, and the
appropriate remedies of avoiding them in our usual social life. Furthermore,
it specifies to help readers and future researcher to have a critical view on
this work of art. Showing them, how materialism and Disillusionment are the
fact of division in many foyers.

The present work is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is general
introduction to the study, the second chapter presents Review of literature,
the third chapter focuses on research methodology, the fourth chapter is
based on analysis of movie " The Fifteenth of April", the fifth one deals with
analyses of Materialism and Disillusionment in "The fifteenth of April" and
finally a conclusion puts an end to this scientific work.
So, to reach the objective of this work, we used desk work method which
consisted of reading books from different libraries. This is was done through
different data collection techniques such as: Browsing Technique, Skimming
and scanning technique, close Reading Technique, Description Technique,
Thematic Network Technique and Data Analysis Technique.

In fact, after having carried up investigation, we discovered that the author

has focused on both themes of Materialism and Disillusionment, mainly its
causes and consequences. The main causes of materialism discovered in the
movie is covetousness and hypocrisy and as consequences of materialism,
the investigation through different techniques has shown misunderstanding,
unfaithfulness, disillusionment and murder as the result of materialism in this
film.

Therefore, we can pretend to vibrate that the hypotheses raised in

introductory part are confirmed. Finally, I cannot pretend to have exploited
all aspects of this film, so the next researcher may carry his investigation on
the topics bellow

- Unfaithfulness and murder in" The Fifteenth of April»

- Misunderstanding and prostitution in "The Fifteenth of April"

- Love and disappointment in «The Fifteenth of April"